英语文学各个流派的介绍和定义

Darwinism

The application of Darwinism to the study of human society, specifically a theory in sociology that individuals or groups achieve advantage over others as the result of genetic or biological superiority.

The Jazz Age,

the Age of the Lost Generation, flaming youth, flappers, radio, movies, bathtub gin(私烧锦酒), the speakeasy, confession magazines, Hemingway and Fitzgerald, Lindbergh, Babe Ruth, Freud, the "New" woman, the Harlem Renaissance, consumerism--all these and more.

Black humour

he juxtaposition of morbid and farcical elements (in writing or drama)

to give a disturbing effect

印象派

often Impressionism A theory or style of painting originating and developed in France during the 1870s, characterized by concentration on the immediate visual impression produced by a scene and by the use of unmixed primary colors and small strokes to simulate actual reflected light.

A literary style characterized by the use of details and mental associations to evoke subjective and sensory impressions rather than the re-creation of objective reality.

Futurism:

a movement in the arts, originated by Italian painters shortly before WWI: they opposed traditionalism and sought to depict dynamic movement by eliminating conventional form and by stressing the speed, flux, and violence of the machine age expressionism:

a movement in the 20th century that attempted to express feeling and emotion directly by distorting forms, choosing violent subject matter and harsh colors, and keeping the overall design out of balance.

Postimpressionism:

a movement in painting in France at the end of the 19th century, begun by Paul Cézanne (1839-1906) and exemplified by Paul Gauguin (1848-1903), Vincent Van Gogh (1853-90), and Henri Matisse (1869-1954), which rejected the naturalism and momentary effects of impressionism but adapted its use of pure colour to paint subjects with greater subjective emotion

Dadaism

a revolt by certain 20th-century painters and writers in France, Germany, and Switzerland against smugness in traditional art and Western society; their works, illustrating absurdity through paintings of purposeless machines and collages of discarded materials, expressed their cynicism about conventional ideas of form and their rejection of traditional concepts of beauty.

Cubrism:

A nonobjective school of painting and sculpture developed in Paris in the early 20th century, characterized by the reduction and fragmentation of natural forms into abstract, often geometric structures usually rendered as a set of discrete planes.

Imagism:

A literary movement launched by British and American poets early in the 20th century that advocated the use of free verse, common speech patterns, and clear concrete images as a reaction to Victorian sentimentalism.