电子束光刻系统与工艺

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A = Stop position A’= Target position
Miller
A A’
Laser beam Interferometer
Exposure Substrate
Servo Motor
Stage
≒1um/step
18
λ/1024=0.62nm
Software
Preparation software for drawing figures Drawing GUI Control for exposure flowchart Design GUI Calibration GUI Exposure GUI
11
JBX-5500FS 技术指标
Accelerating voltage: 25/50 kV Minimum line width: 10 nm (50 kV・5th) Overlay Accuracy : ≤40 nm (3σ)(50 kV・100um x 100um) Field stitching Accuracy: ≤40 nm (3σ)(50 kV・100um x 100um) Exposure range : 75 x 75 mm Scan speed :12 MHz to 250 Hz OS :Windows
图形实际线宽
衬底材料特性
27
PMMA
优点:分辨率高(10nm),对比度大,利于剥离技术,价格低 缺点:灵敏度较低(300-1000C/cm2),耐刻蚀能力差
PMMA-MMA
灵敏度大为提高,分辨率降低(200nm),与PMMA胶结合,易 实现多层T型剥离结构
ZEP-520
优点:分辨率高(~20nm),灵敏度较高(50-200 C/cm2) ,耐 刻蚀 缺点:去胶较难
Start Initial calibration Exp start
Cyclic calibration
* Field/chip
Exp end
Graphical and streamlined User Interface from pattern design to writing Easy operation
14
数据格式
Figure drawing Data format JEOL01,GDSⅡ Converted data JEOL52 (V3.0) Types of figures in V30 polygon/line
15
Control CPU System
PC (Operation) Windows XP EWS (Machine control) Sun work station (Solaris 10) Monitor 17" color TFT LCD
Stage motor
17
Laser Beam Control system
Beam position Deflector
EXP signal Stage controller Signal process
Laser receiver
Electron beam
Feed back stage position error to beam position.
HSQ
负胶,极高的分辨率(<10nm),邻近效应小,灵敏度很低 (~2500 C/cm2)
28
工艺中的几个要点
样品必须为导体或者半导体 临近效应
电子在抗蚀剂与衬底中的前向散射与背散射引起 对图形的设计与曝光剂量选择有重要影响
套刻
标记的形状与材料 标记的分布
29
临近效应
200nm
100nm 500nm
Pattern Transfer
3
电子束曝光系统分类
For Mask Making
• Round spot beam • Raster scan • Continuous stage move • Shaped beam
For High Resolution Patterning
• Round spot beam • Vector scan • Dual-deflection(usually) • Stage Step-and-repeat move
Mapping area
Drawing area Shot ranks Conv. JEOL52
21
Figures
Calibration
Condition selection
Calibration Procedure
22
Exposure
Arrangement of patterns Pattern Selection
TFEG
1990
JBX-5000LS
JBX-5FE JBX-6000FS JBX-6000FS/E JBX-6300FS/E
2003
NEW
JBX-5000LS/E JBX-5500FS
JBX-5500ZA 特点
Automatic and cyclic corrections (Shot time, Position, Deflection) through the writing. Long term exposure stability.
Orientation identified with notch to prevent loading errors
26
电子束光刻工艺
抗蚀剂工艺
抗蚀剂种类/厚度 前烘 曝光剂量 显影
每次具体工作之前,必须进行必要 的工艺条件测试(一般:调整曝光 剂量,固定其他条件)
设计线宽/密度
电子束系统调整
束流 对中 聚焦 校正
电子束在抗蚀剂中发生前散射造成电子曝光轨迹向邻近区域扩展 :抗蚀剂越厚,前散射扩展范围越大。 实践证明由前散射造成的邻近效应可波及100~200nm,而且强度 大,是影响百纳米级图形分辨率和成像质量的主要因素。
30
5keV 10keV 15keV 25keV
500nm
50 0n m
50keV
100keV
8
主要指标
Nanometer Beam Profile
Requires
• Sharper beam profile • Zero beam scattering • from aperture • from beam blanker • Small beam size (< 3nm) • Low beam noise (< 5nm)
19
An Example of Window on PC
Follow the steps on display
Figure drawing System calibration Exposure End of operation
Main GUI
20
Pattern Design
Toolbar for commands
Electric gun system EOS system Stage system
stitching / overlay
High Throughput
Low throughput will
• reduce accuracy for large patterns • make some device fabrication impractical • High cost Beam current Stage and D/A A/D system……..
12
束偏转(Beam Deflection)
Exposure field size /Positioning unit 4th lens mode 50 kV Maximum 1000um x 1000um / 5 nm 25 kV Maximum 2000um x 2000um / 10 nm 5th lens mode 50 kV 25 kV
加速电压越大,穿透性越强,前向散射的影响越小
31
不同材料衬底-抗蚀剂中电子散射轨迹
GaAs Z=32
Au Z=79 Si Z=14
电子束在不同衬底中发生前散射和背散射造成电子曝光轨迹向邻近区域扩展 :原子序数较小的衬底,背散射扩展范围较大,最远可波及5~10μm,但相对强度 较弱;随着衬底原子序数的增大,背散射扩展范围缩小,但背射程强度明显增大 。 实践证明由背散射造成的邻近效应可波及几个微米的范围,是造成相邻区域 曝光互相扩展、密集图形粘连及大面积图形严重失真的主要因素。
32
33
套刻技术
M1 M2 M3 M4
23
Graphic User Interface
System Calibration
Windows OS
Pattern drawing
MAIN GUI
24
External View
Main console
Control system rack
25
Sample Loader
Method: Manual Cassette: Selected from options Wafer cassette (option): 2“, 3”, 4“,Pieces (15*15mm,20*20mm). Wafer loading/unloading: Manual
4
Vector scan Writing method
85%
Distrib ution
Defector
15%
Vector scan
Writing
St ag e step & re peat
Shape
5
Vector scan Writing method
Defector
Chip Field
SUB Field
16
Configuration of JBX-5500ZA
HV
PC TFEG
Vacuum system
Vacuum Pump
BLK AMP
CWC
EWS control
EOS control
DEF AMP
Data transfer system Stage control system
SHS Stage
Leabharlann Baidu
Maximum 100 x 100 um / 0.5 nm Maximum 200 x 200 um / 1 nm
13
工作台(Stage)
Method Step and repeat Positioning control Laser interferometer Control unit λ/1024 (0.62 nm) Exposure range 75 mm x 75 mm Movement range 104 x 75 mm (including mark area for auto calibrations) Move speed 10 mm/s
1986
Lab6
JBX-5D JBX-5DII JBX-5A6 JBX-5R
JBX-6A JBX-6AII JBX-6AIII JBX-7000MV JBX-7000MVII JBX-9000MV JBX-9300FS JBX-9000MVII JBX-3030MV JBX-3040MV
10
EB-57 EB60 JBX-8600DV
Current density Current density
Nanopatterning required beam profile
Low quality beam profile
Position Beam scattering
Position
High beam energy System designation
Exposed resist & substrate cross section
9
History of JEOL E-Beam Lithography System Development
SPOT BEAM VARIABLE SHAPED BEAM
1966
JBX-2A/2B JBX-4A/4B JBX-5A
电子束光刻系统与工艺
时文华
2009/05
电子束光刻系统基本介绍 日本电子--JBX5500ZA系统 电子束光刻工艺要点与实例
2
电子束曝光加工纳米图形
Patterning
Resist
preparation
EB exposure
Resist development
Metal-lift-off
Dry Etch
6
电子枪 电子光学柱
高压系统
校正、聚焦、偏转、扫描……控制系统
工作台 真空系统 水冷控温系统 电源系统
激光干涉/移动控制/装片系统
离子泵/分子泵/机械泵
变压器 打印机 数据处理计算机
不间断电源
主计算机
操作台
7
主要指标
Minimun line and Low Stitch/Overlay Error
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