高中英语语法讲义——代词

高中英语语法讲义——代词

人称代词

单数 复数

主格

宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you

第三人称

he him

they

them

she her it

it

人称代词不同的格在句中有不同的句法功能：人称代词的主格作主语，宾格可作宾语和表语。 He would drown his sadness in coffee.（主格作主语） Thank you for your letter.（动宾） I bought a present for him.（介宾） Hi, it ’s me.（宾格作表语） 提示：

（1）在It is/ was …that/who …强调句型中，若被强调部分作主语，虽然跟在is/was 后，但仍用主格形式。 It ’s I who did it.

（2）在没有谓语动词的句子中，人称代词常用宾格。 -Glad to meet you. -Me , too.

用人称代词填空

1.-Jim, can you work his Sunday?

-Why______? I ’ve been working for two weeks on end.

2. On my desk is a photo that my father took of ______ when I was a baby.

物主代词

意思 类别 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的 形容词性 my your his her its ours your their 名词性

mine

yours

his

hers

its

ours

yours

theirs

1．形容性物主代词

相当于形容词，置于名词前作定语。 Is this your seat, sir?

The government has changed its policy. 2.名词性物主代词

相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句中作主语、表语、宾语。 This is not my dictionary. Mine is lent to Lucy.（作主语） This camera is mine and that is yours.（作表语）

Every person showed his ticket, and I showed mine too.（作宾语） 用物主代词填空

3. The sweet music of that laughter brought back a hundred memories of past winters. I remembered catching 数、格 人称

snowflakes on my tongue, building snowmen and always losing snowball fights with first______ brothers and then my own children.

4. This is our room, and ______ is just across the hall.

反身代词

第一人称第二人称第三人称

人称

数

单数myself yourself himself ,herself, itself

复数ourselves yourselves themselves

1.反身代词的基本用法

反身代词

作宾语：

动宾：Tom taught himself Chinese.

介宾：You can’t leave the baby by himself.

作表语：She is not quite herself today.

作同位语：I myself can repair the bike.

2.含有反身代词的习惯用语

（1）与介词连用

You’ll have to see if he has gone to Wuhan for oneself.（亲自）

The computer may shut off by itself.（自动地）

One would rather have a bedroom to oneself.（=for one’s own private use, not to be shared独自享用）

I can’t finish the work by myself.（=alone; without help单独地、独自地）

He was beside himself with joy when he heard he had passed the exam.（=almost mad with anger/excitement…由于气愤、激动等而几乎发狂、忘形）

（2）与动词连用

enjoy oneself（=have a good time）玩得开心

Behave yourself！(=Be polite! Show good manners！)规矩点！

absent oneself缺席；不参加

devote oneself to专心于；献身于

apply oneself to适应

treat oneself to sth.用…犒劳自己

make oneself at home不要客气

seat oneself (=sit) 坐

think for oneself (=form one’s own opinion)独立思考（形成自己的看法，自行决定）

He is not himself today.（be oneself处于正常状态，显得自然）

He is always boasting himself. （boast oneself自夸）

A moment later, he came to himself. （come to oneself=regain self-control or consciousness恢复自制力/；苏醒过来）

When he work up, he found himself in a hospital bed.（find oneself+介词短语/doing sth：发现自己处于某种状态或在做某事）

The money was on the table and no one was there, so he helped himself to it.（help oneself to sth=take sth for oneself擅自取用）