2001年8月托福真题听力文字

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2001年8月TOEFL试题阅读部分及答案3

Questions 20-28The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted today—summed up, not altogether accurately, as "research and development." Yet historically this widespread faith in the economic virtues of science is a relatively recentLine phenomenon, dating back in the United States about 150 years, and in the Western world (5) as a whole not over 300 years at most. Even in this current era of large scale, intensive research and development, the interrelationships involved in this process are frequently misunderstood. Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution, science and technology evolved for the most part independently of each other. Then as industrialization became increasingly complicated, the craft techniques of preindustrial society gradually gave way (10) to a technology based on the systematic application of scientific knowledge and scientific methods. This changeover started slowly and progressed unevenly. Until late in the nineteenth century, only a few industries could use scientific techniques or cared about using them. The list expanded noticeably after 1870, but even then much of what passedfor the application of science was "engineering science" rather than basic science.(15) Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the rapid expansion of scientific knowledge and of public awareness-if not understanding-of it had created a belief that the advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically generate economic benefits. The widespread and usually uncritical acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the assumption that the application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting (20) with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and through them to industrial use. This is probably the most common pattern, but it is not invariable. Newareas of science have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as a result of attempts to solve a specific technical or economic problem. Conversely, scientists who mainlydo basic research also serve as consultants on projects that apply research in practical ways. (25) In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, and the particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times evenbe multidirectional.20. What is the author's main purpose in the passage?(A) To show how technology influenced basic science(B) To describe the scientific base of nineteenth-century American industries(C) To correct misunderstandings about the connections between science, technology, and industry(D) To argue that basic science has no practical application21. The word "altogether" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) completely(B) realistically(C) individually(D) understandably22. The word "intensive" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) decreased(B) concentrated(C) creative(D) advanced23. The "list" mentioned in line 13 refers to(A) types of scientific knowledge(B) changes brought by technology(C) industries that used scientific techniques(D) applications of engineering science24. The understanding of research and development in the late nineteenth century is based on which of the following?(A) Engineering science is not very important.(B) Fundamental science naturally leads to economic benefits.(C) The relationship between research and development should be criticized.(D) Industrial needs should determine what areas fundamental science focuses on.25. The word "it" in line 16 refers to(A) understanding(B) public awareness(C) scientific knowledge(D) expansion26. The word "assumption" in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) regulation(B) belief(C) contract(D) confusion27. Why does the author mention "consultants" in line 24 ?(A) To show how new areas of science have given rise to new professions(B) To distinguish between scientists who work in industry and those who do not(C) To explain the ways in which scientists find financial support for their work(D) To show how scientists who work in basic research contribute to applied science28. Which of the following statements does the passage support?(A) The development of science and of industry is now interdependent.(B) Basic scientific research cannot generate practical applications.(C) Industries should spend less money on research and development.(D) Science and technology are becoming more separate.。

2001年英语听力文本(1)

Part I Listening Comprehension听力原文Section A1. M: Hi, Jane, do you have some change? I have to make a call on the pay phone.W: Pay phone? Why not use my mobile phone? Here you are.Q: What would the man most probably do?2. M: Can you tell me the title of this oil painting?W: Sorry, I don’t know for sure. But I guess it’s an early 18th century work. Let me look it upin the catalog.Q: Where does this converation most probably take place?3. M: I’m worried about those classes I missed when I was sick.W: I’ll try to bring you up today on what we have done.Q: What does the woman mean?4. W: Hey, Dan, I hear you are meeting Susan’s parents for the first time.M: Yeah, next weekend. Fortunately her father loves to fish, so we’ll have something to talk about.Q: What can be inferred about Dan?5. W: Professor White’s presentation seemed to go on forever. I was barely able to stay awake.M: How could you sleep through it? It’s one of the best that I’ve heard on th is topic.Q: What does the man think of Professor White’s presentation?6. W: I’m looking for a quality paper to type my essay. I don’t see any on the shelf.M: I saw some in the stock room in the morning. I’ll go and check.Q: What does the woman want to buy?7. M: It seems we’ll have another fine day tomorrow. Let’s go to the seaside.W: OK, but we’ll have to leave very early, or else we’ll get cut in the traffic.Q: What does the woman suggest?8. M: Do you know James? He’s in your class.W: Certainly, in fact he was the first person I got to know in my class. I still remember the look on his face when he showed up late on the first day of school.Q: Why did the woman remember James so well?9. W: The man at the garage thinks that I take good care of my car.M: So do I. I don’t see any scratches on the outside and the inside is clean, too.Q: What does the man think of the woman’s car?10. M: Wonderful day, isn’t it? Want to join me for a swim?W: If you don’t mind waiting while I get prepared.Q: What does the woman mean?Section BPassage OneA friend of mine told me that when he was a young man, he went to work as a teacher in one of the states of India. One day he received an invitation to dinner at the ruler’s palace. Very pleased, he went to tell his colleagues. They laughed and told him the meaning of the invitation. They had all been invited and each person who was invited has to bring with him a certain number of silver and gold coins. The number of coins varied according to theperson’s position in the service of the government.My friend’s income was not high, so he did not have much to pay. Each person bound before the ruler, his gold went onto one hip, his silver went onto another hip, and in this way he paid his income tax for the year. This was a simple way of collecting income tax.The tax on property was also collected simply: The ruler gave a man the power to collect a tax from each owner of land or property in a certain area if this man promised to pay the ruler a certain amount of money. Of course the tax collector managed to collect more money than he paid to the ruler. The difference between the sum of money he collected and the sum of money he gave to the ruler was his profit.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. What do we know about the speaker’s friend?12. What was the real purpose of the ruler’s invitation?13. What does the passage say about the tax collectors?Passage TwoAround the year 1000A. D. , some people from Northwest India began to travel westwards. Nobody knows why. After leaving their homes, they did not settle down again but spent their lives moving from one place to another. Their later generations are called the Romany people or Gypsies. There are Gypsies all over the world. And many of them are still traveling with no fixed homes. There are about 8 million of them, including 3 million in Eastern Europe. Gypsies sometimes have a hard time in the countries where they travel, because they are different. People may be afraid of them, look down on them or think that they are criminals. The Nazis treated the Gypsies cruelly, like the Jews. And nobody knows how many of them died in Hitler’s death camps.Gypsies have their own language, Romany. They like music and dancing, and they often work in fairs and traveling shows.Traveling is very important to them and many Gypsies are unhappy if they have to stay in one place. Because of this, it is difficult for Gypsies children to go to school. And Gypsies are often unable to read and write. In some places, the education authorities try to arrange special traveling schools for Gypsy children so that they can get the same education as other children. Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. Why did the ancestors of Gypsies leave their home?15. What is the attitude of some people towards Gypsies?16. What measure has been taken to help Gypsy children?Passage ThreeAs the car industry develops, traffic accidents have become as familiar as the common cold. Yet their cause and control remain a serious problem that is difficult to solve.Experts have long recognized that this discouraging problem has multiple causes. At the very least it is a problem that involves three factors: the driver, the vehicle and the roadway. If all drivers exercised good judgement at all time, there would be few accidents. But this is rather like saying that if all people were honest, there would be no crime. Improved design has helped to make highways much safer. But the title of accidents continues to rise because to human failure and an enormous increase in the number of automobiles on the road. Attention is now turning increasingly to the third factor of the accident are the car itself. Since people assume that the accidents are bound to occur, they want to know how cars can be built betterto protect the drivers.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. What does the speaker think are the causes of automobile accidents?18. What measure has been taken to reduce car accidents?19. What remains an important factor for the rising number of road accidents?20. What’s the focus of people’s attention today according to the passage?。

1989-2001年全部托福听力短对话

(A) What she can do to help the man. (B) How long the man has had allergies. (C) What is causing the man's problem. (D) What the man just said.
C
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A: My brother is coming this weekend and I thought three of us could go out to dinner on Saturday (A) He already has plans for Saturday night. night. Any suggestions? (B) The woman should decide where to cat Saturday. B: It's up to you. I don't know the restaurants around here that well. So you’d know a better place to (C) The woman should ask her brother for a suggestion. go than me. (D) He will make a reservation at the restaurant. Q: What does the man mean? (A) She'll drop the man off on the way to work. (B) The man can ride downtown with her. (C) The man will have to leave earlier than usual. (D) She can't give the man a ride. (A) Her backhand is almost perfect. (B) The time the man spent practicing has helped him. (C) The man's mother wanted him to practice. (D) Her mother is a good tennis coach. (A) Her brother was not accepted into law school. (B) She doesn't want to be a criminal lawyer. (C) She has decided not to go to law school. (D) She doesn't plan to work in her brother's law firm. (A) The man will probably receive a scholarship. (B) She can't give the man a ride to the dean's office. (C) She can lend the man a sweater. (D) The man isn't dressed appropriately for the interview. (A) Buy a car from the woman. (B) Help the woman paint her car. (C) Buy a new car. (D) Look for a less expen ride into the office with you tomorrow? B: Another day would be fine. But I’ve got to be downtown for a meeting first thing in the morning. 10 Q: What does the woman imply? A: After two weeks of tennis lessons I think I finally managed to improve my backhand（反手击球）. 11 B: Like my mom always says: "Practice makes perfect." Q: What does the woman mean? A: I just heard about your acceptance into law school. Do you think you will be able to join your brother's firm when you graduate? 12 B: Not likely. He is a tax lawyer and I'm going to major in criminal law. Q: What does the woman imply? A: Could you give me a ride to the dean's office? My interview for the scholarship is in an hour. B: Don't you have anything else to wear other than that sweater? 13 Q: What does the woman imply? A: Well, if you are seriously considering buying a car, I'm trying to get rid of mine. All it needs is new paint. 14 B: Thanks. But most used cars end up being more trouble than they are worth. Q: What will the man probably do?

2001年8月TOEFL试题阅读部分及答案2

Questions 10-19The most thoroughly studied cases of deception strategies employed by ground-nesting birds involve plovers, small birds that typically nest on beaches or in open fields, theirnests merely scrapes in the sand or earth. Plovers also have an effective repertoire of tricks Line for distracting potential nest predators from their exposed and defenseless eggs or chicks.(5) The ever-watchful plover can detect a possible threat at a considerable distance. When she does, the nesting bird moves inconspicuously off the nest to a spot well away fromeggs or chicks. At this point she may use one of several ploys. One technique involvesfirst moving quietly toward an approaching animal and then setting off noisily throughthe grass or brush in a low, crouching run away from the nest, while emitting rodent like (10) squeaks. The effect mimics a scurrying mouse or vole, and the behavior rivets the attention of the type of predators that would also be interested in eggs and chicks.Another deception begins with quiet movement to an exposed and visible location wellaway from the nest. Once there, the bird pretends to incubate a brood. When the predator approaches, the parent flees, leaving the false nest to be searched. The direction in which (15) the plover "escapes" is such that if the predator chooses to follow, it will be led still further away from the true nest.The plover's most famous stratagem is the broken-wing display, actually a continuumof injury-mimicking behaviors spanning the range from slight disability to near-complete helplessness. One or both wings are held in an abnormal position, suggesting injury. The (20) bird appears to be attempting escape along an irregular route that indicates panic. In the most extreme version of the display, the bird flaps one wing in an apparent attempt totake to the air, flops over helplessly, struggles back to its feet, runs away a short distance,seemingly attempts once more to take off, flops over again as the "useless" wing fails to provide any lift, and so on. Few predators fail to pursue such obviously vulnerable prey.Needless to say, each short run between "flight attempts" is directed away from the nest.10. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The nest-building techniques of plovers(B) How predators search for plovers(C) The strategies used by plovers to deceive predators(D) Why plovers are vulnerable to predators11. The word "merely" in fine 3 is closest in meaning to(A) often(B) only(C) usually(D) at first12. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage about plovers?(A) Their eggs and chicks are difficult to find.(B) They are generally defenseless when away From their nests.(C) They are slow to react in dangerous situations.(D) Their nests are on the surface of the ground.13. The word "emitting" in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) bringing(B) attracting(C) producing(D) minimizing14. In the deception technique described in paragraph 2. the plover tries to(A) stay close to her nest(B) attract the predator's attention(C) warn other plovers of danger(D) frighten the approaching predator15. The word "spanning" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) covering(B) selecting(C) developing(D) explaining16. According to paragraph 4, which of the following aspects of the plover's behavior gives the appearance that it is frightened?(A) Abnormal body position(B) Irregular escape route(C) Unnatural wing movement(D) Unusual amount of time away from the nest17. The word "pursue" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) catch(B) notice(C) defend(D) chase18. According to the passage, a female plover utilizes all of the following deception techniques EXCEPT(A) appearing to be injured(B) sounding like another animal(C) pretending to search for prey(D) pretending to sit on her eggs19. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?(A) A description of the sequence of steps involved in plovers nest building(B) A generalization about plover behavior followed by specific examples(C) A comparison and contrast of the nesting behavior of plovers and other ground nesting birds(D) A cause-and-efleet analysis of the relationship between a prey and a predator。

某年8月托福听力文字

蓝色字为注释，红色字为尚待校正部分。

00年8月托福听力文字Part A1. M: do you have this style shirt in my size?W: I'll check. But...to tell u the truth, i think this one's right for u.Q: what does the woman mean?2. M: oh, I'm sorry. I just realized that I forgot to bringthe tape recorder you lent me. I left it back in mydorm.W: That's all right. I won't need it until tonight. As long as I've got it by then.Q: what does the woman Imply?3. M: So how much was your plane ticket?W: More than I could really afford. I had to dip into my saving(动用存款).Q: What does the woman imply?4. W: Wed. are going to be busy days for me next semester.Three class in the morning and then two more in theafternoon. I won't even have time for lunch.M: You really should try to fit it in, you know. Those afternoon classeswould be tough to sit through（耐着性子听完） if u stomach's rumbling（咕噜叫）.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?5. W: You are dropping out of the Marching Band? But Ithought you loved it. All the travelling, playingbefore big crowds.M: I do. But...with all that time away from my studies my grades are really starting to slip.Q: what does the man mean?6. W: I'm thinking of getting a new pantsuit（长裤与衣相配成套的便服）to wear to James' wedding.M: I just hope that my old suit still fits. You know how I feel about shopping.Q: What does the man imply?7. M: What's my share of the bill? 18.50? That can't be right! I only had asalad for dinner.W: don't get excited. let me check them out（核对）.Q: what will woman probably do next?8. M: I'm surprised that Sarah told her boss he was wrong to have fired his secretary.W: I know. But that Sarah...If she has an opinion, everyone's got to know it.Q: what does the woman mean?9. M: how about a movie tonight? That new comedy is opening in town.W: Sounds great, but I've got to put finishing touches on my psychology research paper.Q: What does the woman imply?10. W: you won't have to look very hard to find a job oncampus. But I don't think you'll find anything thatisn't just part-time.M: That suits me. Anything more than that, and I have to change my class schedule.Q: What does the man mean?11. M: Do u think u feel energetic enough to walk to our study group session tonight?W: If there is one! I guess u haven't heard the weather report. over a foot of snow is expected.Q: What does the woman imply?12. M: Oh! I turned all of my white sock pink! I threw a red T-shirt in by accident.W: Have u tried running them through again with bleach?Q: what does the woman suggest the man do?13. W: I hear that your brother is planning to transfer to another universityM: not if I can talk him out of it. And believe me, I'm trying.Q: what does the man imply?14. W: I'd like to enroll in the free seminar u advertisedin newspaper. The one on managing your personalfinances.M: Okay. Now the ad did say that u have to have a saving account at our bank to be eligible. Do u have onehere?Q: What does the man want to know?15. W: Did you see the weather forecast for this weekend?I can't believe how the temperature's gonna dip(下降).M: I know. That isn't my idea what Oct. should be like.Q: What does the man mean?16. M: This exhibit is a total bore! I can't believe they call this art.W: I think I've seen enough.Q: What will the woman probably do next?17. W: We should probably think about selecting someoneto lead our study group you know, somebody reallyorganized.M: Then u can count me out.Q: What does the man mean?18. W: what do you think would be a reasonable price to pay for a new computer?M: You are asking the wrong person. my brother gave me mine.Q: What does the man imply?19. W: T hat’s a nice-looking jacket. It fits u perfectly.Is it something u bought recently?M: Thanks. No, I've had it a while. I've just been waiting for the weather tocool down.Q: What does the man imply?20. M: What's wrong with Herald today? he snapped（厉声说）to me for no reason.W: Don't worry, it's just the end of the semesterpressure. He'll be his old self next week.（变回原来的样子）Q: What does the woman say about Herald?21. W: I'm sorry. I need to work late tonight. So u shouldprobably cancel our reservation at the restaurant.M: Oh, actually I've never got round to making one in the first place.Q: What does the man mean?22. M: Professor Johnson, for my sociology project thisterm I'm thinking of interviewing all theresidents in town on their TV viewing habit.W: Well that's quite an undertaking for such a short term project. Maybeyou should to take a little while to think about what that would entail（使必须的）before making your final decision.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?23. M: how do I look in this new sweater I bought yesterday?I was in a hurry, so didn't have a chance to try iton.W: Well, I really like the style. But it looks a little tight. You might want to take it back and get the next size up.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?24. M: Do you have any idea what it'll cost to send this little package to Australia?W: You've got me! The farthest I've ever sent a package is Canada.Q: What does the woman mean?25. M: This isn't the dish I ordered, but I'm glad I got it. It's delicious.W: As far as I'm concerned, the waiter should still hear about it.26. M：I’ve still got to fulfill my foreign languagerequirement, three semesters’worse. What aboutyou?W: N ot me. I tested out of Spanish. Don’t you remember my dad got a job in Mexico when I was 5? I’ve lived there for 8 years, so I’m pretty fluent.Q: What does the woman mean?27. W: Excuse me. Do you know when the next train for Philadelphia leaves?M: No, I don’t. But there’s a schedule in the rack, right in front of the ticket window.Q: What can be inferred about the man?28. W: I want to take some pictures of my family when Igo home this weekend, but I hate lugging my cameraaround. It’s so bulky（体积大的）and heavy.M: You can take mine instead. I won’t need it this weekend and it takes great pictures despite thesize.Q: What does the man imply?29. W: You know what the Wildlife Club needs? We need anadvisor, someone who knows a lot about theenvironment and wild life conservation.M: There’s someone new in the Biology Department, Professor Bell. I’ll see if she’ll beinterested.Q: What will the man probably do?30. M: You were also wearing a blue scarf when you camein, weren’t you? I think I grabbed yours byaccident.W: No, you didn’t. Mine’s still hanging by the door.I can see it from here.Q: What does the woman mean?Part B31-35M: What happened to you today?W: I went to the Bard Music Festival in downtown New York .I listened to a really nice concert.M: Really? Then whose music were they played?W: Just Haydn’s. It was so beautiful that I was humming （哼唱的）the music myself all the way home on the train.What time is it, anyway? It must be getting late. M: 7o’clock. Did you forget? We were supposed t o meet the other members of the Computer Science Club thisafternoon.W: Oh, I am sorry. It completely slipped my mind.M: Sally was going to show us a software program she bought.I wanted to see it.W: Why didn’t you go?M: Well, I was waiting for you, like we planned. And beforeI knew it, it was too late. But forget it, the concertwould probably be more interesting.W: My favorite piece of Haydn’t Baritone Trion No.97. The Baritone（萨克斯号）is an old type of string instrument.It’s unusual that it had two sets of strings. One set you play with a bow, like a violin, the other set you can pluck with your figures. The balance of theplucking and bowing was beautiful.M: I’ve listened to several of Haydn’s symphonies before.I have a couple of () CDs.W: You do? I’d like to borrow them some time if you don’t mind.M: If I can find them, sure. My CD collections stuff away somewhere.W: I hope I can get the CD of the Baritone Trio I’ve heard. M: Well, we still have some time before the mall closes.Why don’t we check to see if the music shop’s got it. W: All right.31, what is the conversation mainly about?32, why did the woman apologize to the man?33, what is unusual about the baritone?34, what does the woman want to borrow front the man? 35, where will the speakers probably go next?Question 36 through 39;M: let's say you are geologist, and u want to investigatethe geological history of a place. that is, how did geologists determine things like...say ..How were the rocks formed? Or was an area once under water? If so, when? How should u go about it?W: I'd start with stratigraphy（地层学）.M: could u explain what that is to the class?W: well, stratigraphy is the description of strata（地层，stratum的复数） in sedimentary rock. I guess that's not so clear, huh? Ok, let's say one of theinvestigators spot near a river, for example. well, over the history of the area, every time the river flooded, it would deposit a layer of sediment all through with floodplain(泛滥平原). Sometimes a bigger layer, sometimes a smaller, depending on the size of the flood. Well, one layer or stratum gets deposited over another. Obviously these strata built up over millions of years. Stratigraphy is the study of these layers of deposited settlement.M: so does that mean if i examine each of these strata,i can tell how long ago each one is deposited?W: not necessarily. You see, there might've been some years when the river didn't flood and no settlement was deposited. You need other kinds of evidence to tell how much time might've gone by between when one layer got deposited and one on top of it got deposited.M: and what are those other kinds of evidence u are talking about?W: well, fossils for one. You can determine exactly how old a fossil is and that's how u can tell how the rock surrounding it is.M: very good. The discovery of that particular techniqueis an interesting story. It was a man named William Smith who first used fossils for the purpose of dating strata back in the 1800s.let's take a look at how he went about making this geological breakthrough.36 what is the discussion mainly about?37 what does the woman explain when she talks about rivers?38 according to the discussion, why are geologists unable to determine thegeological age of an area by studying sediment deposit alone?39 what will the class probably discuss next?Part CQuestion 40 through 43(这篇文章Gter的笔记有缺失) Recently some anthropologist conducted an interesting case study in ethnology. now ethnology(人种学)as u recall is a branch of anthropology that deal with how various cultures developed change. The study was about the development of basket weaving by African-american women who live in the town of Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. The town is known for its high quality sweet grass baskets which are woven bye these women. They've been weaving the baskets for generations, handing down the skill from mother to daughter. Some of the baskets have been place on permanent display at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. the origin of their basket weaving dates back to the 17th century and even earlier when these women's ancestors came to the United States from the west coast of Africa. Now, it's mainly a hobby. But back in the 17th and 18th century African and American women wove the baskets for use on therice plantations. There were two types of baskets then: workbaskets and baskets for use in the home. The workbaskets were made out of bulrushes(芦苇). Bulrushes are long tough grass that grow in marshes. One type ofworkbaskets was fan basketwhich was used to separate the grain of rice from waste. The baskets used in the home were made out of the more delicate sweet grass. They were used for everything from fruit baskets to baby cradles.40 what is the talk mainly about?41 how did the women mentioned in the talk learn to wave basket?42 according to the speaker, what type of baskets was make out of bulrush?43 what is the main reason that the women in South Carolina now weave baskets?Questions 44 through 46:This morning I want to tell u about a recent scientific discovery dealing with the relation between plants and animals. this is about a desert shrub whose leaves can shoot a stream of poisonous resin（树脂）a distance of six feet. You think it will be safe from all attacks by insects. But a recent study has found one insect, a beetle, that can chew its way past the plant's defense system by cutting the main vein that delivers the poison to the leaves. This vein cutting is jut one method the beetles used to prepare a safe meal. Another is by cutting a pathall the way across the leave to hold the flow of chemicals. Then they simply eat between the veins of poison. In the past, scientists who studied inset adaptation to plant defenses have focused on chemical responses. That is, how the insects can neutralize or alter the poisonous substances plants produce. what's unique about this chewing strategy is that the beetle is actually exhibiting a behavioral(行为的) response to the plant's defenses rather than the more common chemical response. It is only after a beetle's survived several encounters with the plant' resin that it learns how to avoid the poison: by chewing through the resin transporting veins on the next leaf it eats. And thus gives itself a meal. however, it can take a beetle an hours an a half of careful vein cutting to prepare a small leaf that takes it only a few minutes to eat. So, though the method is effective, it's not very efficient.41 what is the talk mainly about?42 what is unusual about the desert plant?43 how can the beetles avoid being poisoned by the plant?Questions 47 through 50:We're going to start our discussion of poetry in Western Europe with the Iliad and the Odyssey .these two great poems stand out as great examples of the earliest European poems. they are believed to have been written some time between 800BC and 700BC,partly because the poems refer to the social conditions of that time, conditions that have been validated（验证）by the findings of archeologists. but just who was the poet who laid down thesecornerstones(基石) of western literature? Well, tradition ascribles them to a man named Homer, but we know virtually nothing about this Homer. In fact, some say that such a poet never existed at all, that neither the Iliad nor the Odyssey was written by a single poet, but rather each poem is compositive of the writings of several people. This, anyway, is the view of a school of literary critics in the 18th century known as the Analysts. The Analysts pointed to internal evidence such as variations in the literary devices used in the poem to argue that each work was in fact a collection of several poems by several Greek authors. Opposing the analysts were a second group of scholars called the Unitarian. They insisted that the Iliad and the Odyssey could have been the work of single poetic genius. To support their argument, they stress among other things the consistency of the character portrayed in the poetry. This wouldn't have been possible, they said, if they were written by many different poets. Now how we look at the Homeric question today has been greatly influenced by someone named Milman Parry, an American scholar who first presented his ideas about Homer in the 1930s. So let's take a look at Parry's research and how it affects what modern day scholars think about Homer.47 what aspect of the Iliad and the Odyssey does the professor mainly discuss?48 according to the professor, what is one of the claims made by the analysts?49 According to the Unitarians, what is one type of evidence that a single poet could have written both the Iliad and the Odyssey?50 What will the professor probably talk about next?。

8月TOEFL(托福)听力文本及答案

0308托福试题听力：1 (a)She has completed her project(b)She needs some help finishing the project(c)Her economics class no longer meets(d)The man should not touch the project until it is finished2 (a) He disagrees with the woman(b)He has a lot of experience listening to others(c ) He can keep a secret(d) He has several younger brothers and sisters3 (a) She has already seen the movie(b) She doesn’t like to go to the movies(c )She hasn’t seen Mary recently(d) Mary didn’t ask her to go to the mo vies4(a) Use cream on her rash(b)See if her rash improves in a few days(c) Check out a medical book from the library(d) See a doctor about her rash5(a) He’s usually a good dancer(b) He’s embarrassed about the photograph(c ) He didn’t enjoy the par ty(d) H e hasn’t seen the photograph6(a) She prefers to stay indoors during the summer(b) S he doesn’t agree with the man(c) Too much hot weather can be unpleasant(d) The weather is supposed to get even hotter7(a) Dry his clothes for another fifteen minutes(b)Inspect the dryer for damage(c ) Take this clothes out of the dryer(d) Wash his clothes again8(a) He likes the music class(b) The woman missed the deadline(c )It may still be possible to drop the class(d) H e doesn’t plan to take music9(a)She has decided not to go to Florida(b)H er plans aren’t definite(c) Her friend just returned from Florida(d)She prefers to travel without her friend10(a)T he costumes weren’t as good as the s scenery(b) The scenery could have been more realistic(c ) She wishes she had seen the play(d) T he actors in the play weren’t students11(a) H e didn’t know the book was a best-seller(b) H e’s becoming more interested in the book(c ) H e’s on his way to the bookstore(d) He has just finished the book12 (a) S he’d rather do another puzzle(b)S he doesn’t have time for puzzles(c ) S he’d like a chance to solve the puzzle(d) S he’s not as good at puzzles as the man13(a)Revise the report(b)Go to another copy machine(c )Ask his classmates to make their own copies(d) Get more paler14(a) The woman is a better mechanic than he is(b) H e can’t go for a ride with the woman(c ) H e doesn’t know a lot about newer cars(d)T he woman shouldn’t buy a used car15(a)Start studying with the man(b) Continue watching television(c ) Take a nap(d) Turn down the volume on the television16(a)Store the bicycle inside the dormitory(bAsk someone to repair the bicycle(c ) Ride the bicycle on campus(d) T ry to find the bicycle’s owner17(a)He lives with a first-year student(b)He wanted to live in an apartment(c)H e isn’t a new student(d) He was assigned space in a dorm18(a) He has to pick up some groceries(b)H e hasn’t had any tea for a long time(c )H e’d like to walk a little further(d)H e’ll pay for the drinks19(a)The boss will probably discipline the woman(b)T he boss may disregard the woman’s lateness(c ) T he boss won’t know the woman was late(d) The boss is often late for work20(a) She may change her mind about the college(b)H e doesn’t know what time she arrived(c )He wishes he had met her yesterday(d)She should visit the campus again soon21(a) S he can’t help the man(b)S he doesn’t want to lend the man any money(c )She owes the man some money(d) She sometimes asks the man to drive her places22(a)A lot of students entered the talent show(b)The talent show was canceled(c )Not many students enjoy talent shows(d)The speakers are judges for the talent show23(a)The tour guide will be late(b)The appointment for the tour will be changed(c The tour will begin before she and the man arrive(d)The museum will open earlier than usual24(a)S he doesn’t need a pay raise(b)She got a pay raise last year(c )S he hasn’t yet received a pay raise(d) She will give the man a pay raise25(a)He recently injured his hand(b)He can carry some books for the woman(c)H e needs to borrow some of the woman’s books(d)H e can’t help the woman until noon26(a)He enjoys talking about pets(b)He agrees that the woman is quite knowledgeable(c )He dislikes people who think they know everything(d)He hates standing in line27(a)The professor might give an exam in class(b)The man might not be able to leave campus early(c )The class might not finish their oral presentation(d)T his week’s class might be longer than expected28(a) Invite his roommate to a party(b)Ask his roommate to go to the housing office(c )Stop complaining about his roommate(d)Arrange to get a different roommate29(a)H e’s improved the way he looks(b)He manages his time well(c )He looks happier lately(d)He follows directions more carefully now30(a)H e doesn’t have any paper towels(b)T hey don’t need any more paper bags(c )The food is ruined(d )He thinks a mop would work better31(a)Causes of illness(b)The discovery of antibiotics(c )The history of prescription drugs(d)Characteristics of antibiotics32(a)Her lab notes(b)A medical reference book(c )A homework assignment(d) The name of her doctor33(a)To give an example of a bad reaction to penicillin(b)To show how penicillin has changed over the years(c )To emphasize the importance of antibiotics(d)To explain why penicillin requires a prescription34(a)In a pharmacology course(b)From her mother(c )At the student health center(d) From her doctor35(a)Look up some information about his medicine(b)Take an extra dose of his medicine(c )Ask his doctor to change his prescription(d)Begin to do research for his lab project36(a)Current issues in economics(b)Choices faced by conservationists(c ) A recent biology lecture(d)Topics for a research paper37(a)S he’s writing research papers(b)S he’s working on a conservation project(c )S he’s studying for exams(d)S he’s d oing her biology homework38(a)S he doesn’t know which topic to choose(b)Her assignments are due on the same day(c )S he’s concerned about the spotted owl(d)She dislikes her economics class39(a)A scarcity of jobs in their field(b)Inadequate training in methods of biological research(c )Difficulties in classifying all of the varieties of owls(d)A lack of funding for their work with endangered species40(a)It has numerous traits in common with the spotted owl(b)Its population is increasing(c )It may not survive without special efforts of conservationists(d)Its role in the chain of evolution has not yet been examined41(a)To explain why Wright became an architect(b)T o describe the positive aspects of Wright’s architecture(c )To explain why Wright’s style of architecture became less popular(d)To describe the materials Wight used in construction42(a)His houses were often small(b)His designs were overly simple(c )His roofs often leaked(d )His building did not match their natural surroundings43(a)He helped construct a chapel(b)H e took over his family’s business(c )He trained under Guggenheim(d)He worked on a project overseas44(a)T hey characterize stages in Wright’s career(b)Wright died while they were being constructed(c )They were Wr ight’s earliest buildings(d)T hey are examples of Wright’s classical styles45(a)Theories of how the universe evolved(b) Similarities between the planets in the solar system(c )Reason for the high density of earth(d)Theories of the origin of the Moon46(a)Earth and the Moon traveled at different speeds(b)The Moon formed billions of years before Earth(c )Earth did not have enough gravitational pull(d)Earth and the Moon were too far from each other47(a)The Moon has no water(b)T he Moon’s materials came from Earth’s core(c )T he Moon’s core differs from its surface(d)The Moon contains little iron48(a) It is difficult to define(b)Its causes are often unknown(c )Psychologists disagree about how to treat it(d)Its symptoms often go unnoticed49(a)To explain the effect it has on mental illness(b)To suggest that it is easier to diagnose than mental illness(c )To discuss the role of medicine in clinical psychology(d)To show the similarities between physical and mental illness50(a)Another means of measuring normal behavior(B)W hy some politicians aren’t well adjusted(c )H ow an individual’s behavior is influenced by therapy(d) Problems often encountered by psychologists0308ABADB CCCBA BDDCC DCDBA DACCB DBCAC DACBA BABDC BCAAD CDABA。

2001年8月TOEFL试题语法部分及答案

2001年8月TOEFL试题语法部分及答案Section Two: Structure and Written Expression1. Geothermal energy is a potentially inexhaustible energy source ______been tapped by humans for centuries but,until recent years,only on a small scale.(A) has it(B) has(C) that has(D) that it has2. The importance of the hand, and more generally of the body, in children's acquisition of arithmetic_____.(A) can hardly be exaggerated(B) hardly exaggerated can be(C) can be exaggerate hardly(D) exaggerated can be hardly3. ______ is present in the body in greater amounts than any other mineral.(A) Calcium(B) There is calcium(C) Calcium, which(D) It is calcium4. _______ the evidence is inconclusive, it is thought that at least some seals have an echolocation system akin to that of bats, porpoises, and shrews.(A) Rather(B) Despite(C) Although(D) Why5. The total mass of all asteroids in the solar system is much less ______ mass of Earth's Moon.(A) than that is the(B) than the(C) the(D) is the6. Like bacteria, protozoans _______by splitting in two.(A) reproducing(B) reproduce(C) to reproduce(D) reproduction7. ______main processes involved in virtually all manufacturing: extraction,assembly,and alteration.(A) There are three(B) Three(C) The three(D) Three of the8. Most documentary filmmakers use neither actors _______studio setting.(A) or else(B) but not(C) nor(D) and9. Salamanders are sometime confused with lizards, but unlike lizards ________no scales or claws.(A) that they have(B) to have(C) they have(D) are having10. The province of Alberta lies along three of the major North American flyways Used by birds _______between their winter and summer homes.(A) the migration(B) migrating(C) migrate(D) and migrate11. Astronomers estimate ______called the Pleiades in the constellation Taurus is 415 light-years away from Earth.(A) that a loose cluster of stars(B) a loose cluster of stars is(C) that is a loose cluster of stars(D) there is a loose cluster of stars12. Pearl Sydenstricker Buck, _____ the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1938, is Best known for her novels about China.(A) won(B) winner of(C) to win(D) who the winner of13. Stage producers Klaw and Erlanger were the first to eliminate arguments among leading performers _______in order of appearance, instead of prominence.(A) of whom list the program(B) the program listing(C) for them the program listed(D) by listing them on the program14. During the decades after the United States Civil War, a host of technical advances made possible ______and uniformity of railroad service.(A) a new integration(B) for a new integration(C) that a new integration(D) and a new integration15. Forests stabilize _____and retain precipitation, thereby helping to prevent erosion and regulate the flow of streams.(A) to the soil(B) the soil(C) where the soil(D) the soil is16. Modern societies are such complex that they could not exist withoutA B Ca well-developed system of law.D17. Altitude, climate, temperature, and the length of the growing season bothA B Cdetermine Where plants will grow.D18. The bathyscaphe, a free-moving vessel designed for underwater exploration,Aconsists of a Flotation compartment with a observation capsule attached underneath it.B C D19. Water constitutes almost 96 percent of the body weight of a jellyfish, so ifA Ba jellyfish were to dry out in the sun, it would virtually disappeared.C D20. The most important parameters affecting a rocket's maximum flightvelocity is the relationship between the vehicle's mass and the amountB Cof propellant it can carry.D21.There were once only eight major lakes or reservoirs in Texas, butAtoday there are over 180, many built to storing water against periodicB C Ddroughts.22. All harmonized music that is not contrapuntal depends from the relationshipA Bof chords, which are either consonant or dissonant.C D23. Expressionist drama often shows the influence of modern psychology byA Breflecting the frustrations inner of the dramatist.24. It is the number, kind, and arrange of teeth that determine whether a mammalA B Cis classified as a carnivore not the food that the animal actually eats.D25. The sea otter is well adapted at its marine existence, with ears and nostrilsA B Cthat can be closed under water.D26. Petroleum, which currently makes up about four-tenths of the world's energy Aproduction, supplies more commercial energy than any another source.B C D27. Someone may refuse to recognize the seriousness of an emotionally threateningA B Csituation and perceive as less threatening.D28. Through experiments with marine organisms, marine biologists can increaseour knowledge of human reproductive and development as well as our understanding C Dof the nervous system.29. When swollen by melting snow or heavy rain, some rivers routinely overflowA B Cits banks.D30. In 1884 Belva Lockwood, a lawyer who had appeared before the Supreme Court,A Bbecame the first woman was nominated for President of the United States.C D31. The taller of all animals, a full-grown giraffe may be eighteen feet or more high.A B C D32. Physicists have known since the early nineteenth century that allA Bmatter is made up of tiny extremely particles called atoms.33. Rain is slight acidic even in unpolluted air, because carbon dioxideA Bin the atmosphere and other natural acid-forming gases dissolve in the C Dwater.34. In a stock company, a troupe of actors performs inAa particular theater, presenting plays from its repertory of prepareB C Dproductions.35. Established in 1860, the Government Printing Office prints and bindsA Bdocuments for all department of the United States government.C D36. Ethnology, usually considered a branch of cultural anthropology, isAoften defined as the scientifically study of the origin and functioningB Cof humans and their culture.D37. The one-fluid theory of electricity was proposing byA BBenjamin Franklin, a man famous for his wide interests andC Dgreat attainments.38. Probably not speech of so few words has ever been as celebrated asA B C DLincoln's Gettysburg Address.39. Generally, Abstract Expressionist art is without recognizable imagesAand does not adhere the Limits of conventional form.B C D40. Although complete paralysis is rare with neuritis, some degree ofA B Cmuscle weakness common.DCAACB BACCB ABDAB ACCDA DBDBB CDCDD ADADC CBACD精品文档资料，适用于企业管理从业者，供大家参考，提高大家的办公效率。

2000年8月托福听力文字(较完整)

2000年8月托福听力文字1. man: Do you have this style shirt in my size1。

男:你这种样式的衬衫有我能穿的尺寸吗woman: I'll check. but. . . to tell you the truth, I think this one's right for you.女人:我查一下。

但是……实话告诉你,我认为这个你穿正合适。

《Q: what does the woman mean2 man: Oh, I'm sorry, I just realized that I forgot to bring the tape recorder you lent me. I left it back in my dorm.男:哦,对不起,我意识到,我忘记带你借给我的录音机。

我把它留在宿舍。

woman: that's all right. I won't need it until tonight. as long as I've got it by then.》女人:没关系。

我直到今晚才需要它,。

Q: what does the woman imply about the tape recorder3 man: So how much was your plane ticket3人:你的机票多少钱Baritone—woman: More than I could really afford. I had to dip into (浏览，稍加研究)my saving.女人:超过我能负担得起。

我不得不研究我的储蓄。

Q: what does the woman implyErod4 woman: We would be going to be busy days for me next semester. three class in the morning and then two more in the afternoon. I won't even have time for lunch.~4女人: 下学期将是我们忙碌的日子。

2001专八听力原文

听力原文2001PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKThe World Bank is one of the major channels through which development aid is passed from industrial west to the poor and developing nations of the world. Its scale of operations is vast, which is why its lending program exceeds 7 billion a year, and its work force numbers about 4500. In the last decade important changes have taken place in the size of the bank’s operations and in the emphasis of its lending policies. What immediately strikes anyone looking at the lending figures over the last 10 years is the tremendous expansion in the bank’s loan program. This has increased from 1 billion to nearly 7 billion. The figure includes hard loans, which are made at the current rate of interest, and soft loans, which are allocated to poor countries at concessionary rates, and usually channel led through the bank’s affiliate—the International Development Association.In deciding the emphasis of its lending policy, the bank has had to take into account the population explosion which is occuring in many poor countries of the world. It is a fact that the fertility rate of the poor countries is often very high. This is one of the main reasons for these countries remaining poor. Unfortunately, wide-ranging country section programs do not usually reduce this r ate because this was a strong and deeply rooted tradition among people in these countries to have big families. What the bank discovered was that there was a link between economic and social development on the one hand, and reduction of fertility rate on the other. Thus by improving basic health services,by introducing better nutrition, by increasing literacy, and by promoting more even income distribution in a poor country, a lower and more acceptable fertility rate will be achieved. This advanced thinking persuaded the bank to change its overall lending strategy, where previously it concentrated on the big infrastructure project s, such as dams, roads and bridges. It begun to switch to projects which directly improve the basic services of the country. There was a shift, if you like, from building dams to digging water holes to provide clear water.A second reason for the change of approach was that the bank has learned a big lesson from projects financed in the 1960s. Many of its major capital investment had scarcely touched the lives of urban and rural poor, nor have they created much employment. The project did not have the trigger-down effect they have in industrialized countries. Instead the huge dams, steel-mills, and so on were left as monuments to themselves. This redirection of its lending has meant that the bank has tended to support labour intensive activities, rather than capita l intensive ones. Both rural and urban areas, there is a better chance in the first case, that its funds will benefit the bottom 40% of the country’s population.The bank is also looking for ways of stimulating the growth of the small businesses in many developing countries since this would create employment opportunities for people with lower incomes. Being such a big, obvious target, the bank has often come under fire. For example, its officials have been taken to task for u sing Concord supersonic aircraft so frequently, about 500 times in one year. Also, the large growth of the organization’s personnel has not pleased some critic s . A more substantial criticism has concerned the bank’s policy ofsetting annual target for lending to specified countries. This could lead to the deterioration in quality of loans, some say. One former bank official has said, rather than encourage growth for its own sake, the bank should begin to think of itself less as a foreign aid agency and more of a financial deal-maker, combining official wit h the private resources for specific purposes. Finally, some people maintain that the impact of the projects funded by the bank has been modest. When one looks around the world at regions or countries that have successfully transformed to industrial status, it seems that one should be aware of over-estimating the bank’s impact. Take Hong Kong for example. Its changes have come about as a result of trade offensive. The purpose has been to flood western market with low price goods made by capitalist methods of production. The example seems to indicate that some regions can prosper without the bank’s aid as well.SECTION B CONVERSATIONW: Well, it seems quite common actually. A lot of people in Australia no w are travelling and taking time off. And when I was actually travelling, I met so many people doing the same thing.M: Yeah, yeah, so where did you start off?W: Well, I went to New Zealand first. Eh, and got a job in a computer company as a secretary. And I worked there for 4 months.M: Really? You can do that, can you? I mean it’s possible for anyone to get a j ob in New Zealand, without being a New Zealander?W: No, not everybody, only Australians and New Zealanders can exchange either. You know you can work in either country.’M: Right, yeah.W: So that was easy. So I worked there for 4 months and raised enough money for the rest of travels really. So from there I went to Indonesia, and travelled around the different islands around Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, China , Nepal and India.M: What about Indonesia? What did you do? Did you fly mostly between the Islands?W: Eh, I did a bit of that, and boats, mainly local boats between the Islands. M: What about Singapore? People said it’s very very modern. But because it is s o modern, it’s rather boring. Did you find that?W: Well, it’s difficult to say really. It has different attractions. You know t h e Chinese, Malay, and Hindu communities are there. Each has his own culture and custom, very different from the others. And it’s a great big shopping center an d I really enjoy it from that point of view. And it was very clean.M: And after, you said you went what, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and then China? That’s a great country to travel in, isn’t it?W: Eh, it was. Yeah, it was fabulous. It really was. You have been there then? M: No, I haven’t. No, I mean it’s very big. What did you do?W: Yeah. Well, I had only one month to travel in China, and that was too short f or such a vast country as China. I felt I didn’t have enough time, so I sacrifced a lot of places and did the main tourist throughout really. I went to Beijing, the capital, Kaifeng, Yinchuan, and Tibet.M: Well, how exciting! You said after Beijing, you went to?W: That was Kaifeng in central China’s Henan province. It’s a charming city, and has got a lot to look around, like temples and pagodas, very traditional.M: Eh, eh.W: What fascinated me when I was there was that some Jews went to live in Kaifeng many years ago. As early as 16th century, there were Jewish families there. They have their synagogue and five books of Masses. Even today several hundred descendants of the original Jews still live in Kaifeng.M: Really, I’ve never heard of that. And where did you go after Kaifeng? W: I went to northwest to Yinchuan, the provincial city of Ningxia Hui autonomous region.M: Is this the place where there always is a shortage of water?W: No, no, on the contrary, it has got abundant supply of water, because it is n ear the Yellow River. In this sense, Yinchuan has a favorable geographical posit on in otherwise harsh surroundings.M: What did you see there then?W: Ningxia was once the capital of Western Xia during the 11th century. So outside Yinchuan, you can still see the Western Xia mausoleum, where the Kings and t heir Kingdoms were buried. The tombs were scattered in a pretty big area at the foot of the Henan Mountain, and inside the city there are famous mosques in the architectural style of Middle East. It’s really a place worth visiting. You got to know something about Chinese Moslems.M: And that sounds really interesting. Where did you travel after that?W: I was lucky enough to get into Tibet, and that was brilliant.M: Yeah. What was the most interesting place you visited, do you think? W: Well, I think actually Tibet is the most fascinating and exciting. I’ve never been anywhere so different. The people there are wonderful, the clothes .they w ear, the food they eat.M: And you said you went to Nepal as well?W: Yeah, eh, that’s a sort of easier passion of Tibetans really and there are a lot of Tibetans---there as well as other tribes and Nepalese, so that was good because I went trekking in Nepal, you should do that.M: How long did you trek for?W: Oh, I only did a short one, only for a week. I was lazy.M: Was it very tiring?W: No, it wasn’t actually. I mean you just set your own pace, and don’t pace you rself too hard, that was a stupid thing to do. Eh, you don’t have to walk very far, so that was great.M: So how did you feel after all this travelling? How did you feel to stop travelling? I mean you were on the move alone for months and months ,and suddenly you’re here ,and not traveling any more. How does it feel?W: I was ready to stop anyway. You get pretty sick, wearing the same clothes, and washing them in the different hotels. I never stay in the same place for longer than two days. And since I was ready to stop, I don’t think I could keep doing it. I mean I’ve met people who’ve been travelling for 2 or 3 years. I couldn' t do it.M: Yeah, yeah. Maybe it’s something I should try after this.W: I think you really should.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 1(For Questions 11-12)Mike Tyson could sign a deal by Friday to face either Germany’s Axo Shos or Denmark’s Brian Nielsen here on August 21 in the heavy weight’s first fight since his release from jail. The former World Heavy Weight champion was released on Monday after 4 months behind bars for an assault in the wake of a traffic accident last August. His deal with Showtime makes an August come back likely. “August 21st is certainly a day we’re looking at,” Showtime board director, James Lock en s said , “Hopefully in the next few days we’ll have something concrete”. Nevada boxing officials revoked Tyson’s license for more than a year after he bit Evander Holyfield’s ear off in June 1997. But they plan no action on Tyson because the license they granted him to fight doesn’t expire until the end of the year. That came before the assault charge had been heard, and with the victim’s support.News Item 2(For Question 13)The United States has begun to review Russians documents about the life and death of former president John F. Kennedy, and is expected to release them once the review is complete, the White House said on Monday. The documents which the Russians gave the United States on Sunday would be of particular interest because Kennedy’s assassin Lee Harvey Oswald lived in the former Soviet Union for several years before he returned to the United States, and was arrested for killing t he former president on November 22, 1963. Russian President Boris Yeltsin surprised US president Bill Clinton on Sunday when he turned over what was described a s the result of exhaustive search of Russian government, military and private archives for papers about Kennedy and his assassination.News Item 3(For Questions 14-15)Hong Kong’s unemployment rate has remained stable at 6.3% in the past 3 months, as business conditions have improved in the last month Figures indicate that from March to May this year, the size of the labor force was provisionally at 3,469,000, while the number of the unemployed people stood at 216,000. The number of cases of insolvency, sensational businesses and retrenchment, and numbers of workers affected these cases as recorded by the Labor Department have shown a declining trend in recent months. From March to May 1999, 78 such cases involving 3,882 workers were recorded as compared 93 cases affecting 5,220 workers for the 3 months from December 1998 to February 1999. Figures for the period from March to May 1999 when compared with those from February to April 1999 show an increase in the unemployment rate, mainly in renovation, maintenance, whole sale, and retail and transport sectors, which offset the decrease in construction, import and export and financing sectorsSECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGThe Press ConferencePress conferences are an all too familiar phenomena around us. However, when people start thinking about its advantages, it sometimes seems difficult to think of any that press conference provides for the competent news reporter. Use of the press conference by public officials and private entrepreneurs help give rise to the phrase “pseudo-event”, and the event contrived to create news cove rage, where none has considered wanted.However, having said that, one value of news conference by a public official is the symbolic nature of the event. And perhaps this is reasoned enough to continue the practice. At a press conference, a public official supposedly submits to examination by responding to unsolicited and perhaps hostile questions. A related advantage to the reporter is that press conference offers an opportunity to get the public official on the record, with regard to the government policies. Stat ements from the press conference can serve as criteria against subsequent statements and policies are measured. In that regard, press conference information may be used as reference point, more so than comments reported by single news medium. Also, when there is a single issue or topic to address, such as a new government program, an earthquake, or the nomination of a new government minister, the press conference offers benefits of efficiency in that officials can speak to a number of reporters at once on the issue of public concern and interest. The press conference may be at its best in this almost one-way format.Now let’s move on to the disadvantages. And there are serious ones. Generally speaking, the press conference format, as it stands, makes it difficult for t he reporters to get worthwhile information. At press conference, particularly a large one, the well-prepared reporter may never get asked question and certainly is unlikely to have chance to ask follow-up questions. Another disadvantage in the press conference comes from the news source, that is, the news provider. The news source generally decides who asks the questions, determines the length of the answers, and can avoid any follow-up question and rephrase tough questions t o his or her liking, and sets the time, place and duration of the interview. Press conferences televise live for the newsaudience, sometimes only highlights the disadvantages for the news reporters since there is little or no time to challenge, clarify or place context materials provided by the news source. Despite these disadvantages and others inherent how reporters get information, t he dews reporter can help assure the worthwhile information from a news source in share with the news audience. One way to reduce the likely heard of errors is to use multiple forms of interviewing by telephone, in person, and press conferences as well as multiple sources, common to the success of these approaches, how ever, are such interrelated ingredient as the preparation of the news reporter, the component of the news source and nature of the questions asked.Let’s look at the preparation first.The nature of much news coverage re quires news reporters to be well-read on contemporary events. Like other professionals and craftsmen, the reporter must keep up to date on journalistic subject matter, that is the human condition. Although the subject is broad, it offers the advantages that there is a little a reporter can read or witness. That will not help in covering the news at one time or another. Next, being prepared for an interview includes giving some thought to the competence of the news source. The relationships between news reporters and news sources would benefit the news audience more, if reporters would frequently ask themselves: What is this news resource competent to talk about? What can this person tell the news audience that few others can? Towards the caution regarding the issue of competence, first, the reporter should not take for granted that, because of position or experience, the news source should know, does know, and can provide information. Second, the competence of t he news source needs to be linked with the news-gathering-methods. Let’s just spend a few minutes on thefirst point. There are generally 4 conditions under which the reporter should not give prints to the news source information. One, the source may not know the information the reporter wants. Two, the source may have the information and want to share it, but may lack the verbal skills or concepts to do so. Three, the source may have the desired information but not to want to share it, or worse, may lie to avoid sharing information. Last, t he source may be willing to share this information but unable to recall it.Now in addition to preparation of the reporter and competence of the news source, there is one more important ingredient in successful news coverage, that is ,the nature of questions asked. It is generally agreed that the nature of the question can shape the nature of the answer. General questions like “Are you for market economy” may lead to the respondent saying virtually anything, and s till being rather vague. On the other hand, a too narrow question may limit the respondent to one particular answer only. In order to gather information from news sources as accurately as possible, reporters can improve the question in the following 5 ways. Firstly, avoid words wit h double meanings. Secondly, avoid long questions. Thirdly, specify the time, pl ace and context you want the respondent to assume, and number 4, it is often helpful to ask questions in terms of the respondent’s own immediate and recent experience rather than in generalities. Finally, either make explicit all the alternative the respondent should have in mind when answering the question or make none of them explicit. Do not leave the news resource by suggesting a desired answer and not mentioning other alternatives.OK, to sum up, today’s lecture has covered some of the advantages and disadvantages of the press conference, and three important factors andsuccessful news coverage. In our next lecture, we will continue to discuss how to become a competent news reporter.。

2001年8月TOEFL试题阅读部分及答案4

Questions 29-39The economic depression in the late-nineteenth-century United States contributed significantly to a growing movement in literature toward realism and naturalism. After the 1870' s, a number of important authors began to reject the romanticism that had prevailed Line immediately following the Civil War of 1861-1865 and turned instead to realism. (5) Determined to portray life as it was, with fidelity to real life and accurate representation without idealization, they studied local dialects, wrote stories which focused on life in specific regions of the country, and emphasized the "true" relationships between people. In doing so, they reflected broader trends in the society, such as industrialization, evolutionary theory which emphasized the effect of the environment on humans, and the (10) influence of science.Realists such as Joel Chandler Harris and Ellen Glasgow depicted life in the South; Hamlin Garland described life on the Great Plains; and Sarah One Jewett wrote about everyday life in rural New England. Another realist, Bret Harte, achieved fame with stories that portrayed local life in the California mining camps.(15) Samuel Clemens, who adopted the pen name Mark Twain, became the country's most outstanding realist author, observing life around him with a humorous and skeptical eye. In his stories and novels, Twain drew on his own experiences and used dialect and common speech instead of literary language, touching off a major change in American prose style. Other writers became impatient even with realism. Pushing evolutionary theory to its (20) limits, they wrote of a world in which a cruel and merciless environment determined human fate. These writers, called naturalists, often focused on economic hardship,studying people struggling with poverty, and other aspects of urban and industrial life.Naturalists brought to their writing a passion for direct and honest experience.Theodore Dreiser, the foremost naturalist writer, in novels such as Sister Carrie, grimly(25) portrayed a dark world in which human beings were tossed about by forces beyond their understanding or control. Dreiser thought that writers should tell the truth about humanaffairs, not fabricate romance, and Sister Carrie, he said, was "not intended as a piece ofliterary craftsmanship, but was a picture of conditions."29. Which aspect of late-nineteenth-century United States literature does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The influence of science on literature(B) The importance of dialects for realist writers(C) The emergence of realism and naturalism(D) The effects of industrialization on romanticism30. The word "prevailed" in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) dominated(B) transformed(C) entered(D) generalized31. The word "they" in line 8 refers to(A) authors(B) dialects(C) stories(D) relationships32. According to the passage, a highly significant factor in the development of realist and naturalist literature was(A) the Civil War(B) a recognition that romanticism was unpopular(C) an increased interest in the study of common speech(D) an economic depression33. Realist writers took an interest in all of the following EXCEPT(A) human relationships(B) characteristics of different regions(C) the idealization of life(D) social and historical theories34. The word "depicted" in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) emphasized(B) described(C) criticized(D) classified35. Why does the author mention mining camps in line 14 ?(A) To contrast the themes of realist and naturalist writers(B) To illustrate how Bret Harte differed from other authors(C) As an example of a topic taken up by realist writers(D) As an example of how setting can influence literary style36. Which of the following wrote about life in rural New England?(A) Ellen Glasgow(B) Sarah Orne Jewett(C) Hamlin Garland(D) Mark Twain37. Mark Twain is considered an important literary figure because he(A) was the first realist writer in the United States(B) rejected romanticism as a literary approach(C) wrote humorous stories and novels(D) influenced American prose style through his use of common speech38. The word "foremost" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) most difficult(B) interesting(C) most focused(D) leading39. Which of the following statements about Theodore Dreiser is supported by the passage?(A) He mainly wrote about historical subjects such as the Civil War.(B) His novels often contained elements of humor.(C) He viewed himself more as a social commentator than as a literary artist.(D) He believed writers should emphasize the positive aspects of life.。

2001年10月托福真题听力文字

01年10月托福听力文字Part: A1．A: How did your job interview go?B: I don't think I came across（给人留下深刻印象）as well as I could have.Q: What does the man mean?2．A: Care for any of these cookies? My roommate made them.B: Don't mind if I do.Q: What will the man probably do?3．A: Oh my, you still don't look too good. Didn't you take the pain reliever I gave you'?B: Yeah, an hour ago. Guess I've got a headache that just won't quitQ: What does the man mean?4．A: Owe. You must be sad, what with your best friend taking a job m Texas. It's so far away.B: Yeah, I'm really going to miss her. But at least I have a good reason to visit a new part of the country now.Q: What does the woman imply?5．A: My fingers are sticky from that candy bar. Do you mind if I use the restroom to wash up before we leave?B: Sure, I'll be over at the bus stop.Q: What will the speakers probably do next?6．A: This strap on my briefcase is broken. Do you think you could replace it？ Say, by next Tuesday? B: Let's see, oh sure that won't be a problem. It won't even take that longQ: What does the man mean?7． A: So, my adviser wants me to take the creative writing class that meets on Wednesday, instead of the Monday class because the instructor in the class is supposed to be great. But that' d mean I'd have to spend the whole day on campus every Wednesday.B: Well, but especially in creative writing the instructor can make a big difference in how much you get out of the classQ: What does the woman imply the man should do?8．A: Have you finalized your plans for spring break yet?B: Well, I could visit some friends in Florida, or go to my roommate's home. It's a tough choice.Q: What does the man mean?9．A: This is such a great time to buy winter clothes. So many stores are having sales now and the price reductions are pretty substantial.B: Yeah, It's just what I've been waiting for. There are so many things I need.Q: What does the man imply?10．A: Where have you been? I was just about to give up on you.B: Sorry, my bus was delayed. But I'm glad you were patient, It would have been hard for us to find another time to meet this week.Q: What does the woman mean?11．A: It's so cold and windy out. This would be a good afternoon for a chess match.B: Yeah. I’d love to. The trouble is I'm afraid I never figured out file rules.Q．What can be inferred about the woman?12．A: Say remember that proposal for an international festival next spring? Do you think there's any chance it'll ever get off the ground?B: I don t thing it's a question of whether it'll happen. It's just a matter of where it'll be held.Q: What does the woman imply about the international festival?13．A: The bookstore on Center Street is having a sale, They're advertising discounts of up to 70% on a lot of their books.B: Yeah. I was there when they opened this morning. It was so packed I didn't even go insideQ: What does file man mean?14．A: Can you drive me to the Anderson's party Friday night?B: It depends on if I get my car back from the shop.Q: What does the woman imply?15．A: I've been washing my clothes in the same Laundromat（自助洗衣店）you use, the one near the dorms. But I can't stand it that their prices keep going up, I think I might start going to that one over on 2nd Ave.B: Well the one on 2nd might be cheaper. But for me the convenience of having a Laundromat so close to where I live is worth the extra dollar to.Q: What does the woman mean?16．A: I can't believe I can't get a plane ticket for the December holidays. I mean, it's only October. B: Well, you know I wouldn't worry about it too much people cancel their reservations all the time.Q: What does the woman imply the man should do?17．A: A bunch of us are going out for pizza.B: Count me out, but have a good time.Q: What does the man mean?18．A: Excuse me. I heard that there were a couple of jobs available in the library. So I'd like to apply for one of them. Can I fill out the application form at home and bring it back next week?B: Sure, but you should know that we're about to start looking at the applications, and we hope to make some job offers in a few days.Q: What does the woman imply?19．A: I started reading that book you loaned me, but I’m having a tough time keeping up with the main characters. It's hard to remember them allB: Yeah, I know. The first part isn't easy. All I can say is stick with it. Once you get halfway through you won't want to put it down.Q: What does the woman imply?20．A: I’m afraid this is the only room in the hotel we have free at this time Sir, We weren't expecting you. B: Oh, dear. I guess I'll take what I can get. Next mime I'll be sure to call in advance and make a reservation.Q: What can be inferred about the man?21．A: I heard you were thinking of applying for a job as a camp counselor.B: Yeah, Do you know if they need anyone about place where you worked last summer?Q: What does the woman ask the man?22．A: Hey, is Susan on the debate team too? She's wearing a purple shirt today, doesn't everyone on the team wear a purple shirt on days when you're having a debate?B: I guess, But other people some times wear purple colored shirts too you know.Q: What does the man mean?23．A: I've been trying to reach you for days, but your line's always busyB: You're lucky. You got me before my roommate came homeQ: What can be inferred about the woman's roommate?24．A: It's not fun being around Debbie and Mike these days. All they do is quarrel.B: I've noticed it too. I wish they would keep their squabbles to themselves(把争论留给自己).Q: What does the woman want Debbie and Mike to do?25．A：Dr. Jones, I was wondering if you would consider giving me an extension on my paper. I just got back on campus yesterday from hospital.B: Well, under the circumstances I can't see how I can deny your request.Q: What does Dr Jones say he will do?26．A: I know it's only a piece of clothing, but something about wearing a white lab coat makes me feel really, well, professional.B: Yeah, but I think the department should be paying for them, not us.Q: What does the man say about lab coats?27．A: I think I need a new tire. I had to put air in it twice this week.B: That happened to me once. It was just a nail, and they were able to repair it.Q: What does the woman mean?28．A: Say Mary, I've got to fly home for winter break early. I'm actually leaving tomorrow. Do you think you could take notes for me in our American History class on Thursday?B: Oh, Jim. I'm leaving tomorrow too.Q: What does the woman imply?29．A: This dormitory is too boring for me. I wonder if can move to Richardson?B: Are you sure you want to do that? Even you need some sleep.Q: What does the man imply?30．A: I'm going to see the sculpture exhibition at the University Museum next Monday.B: Oh, You mean they've decided to hold it over（拖延）?Q: What had the man assumed about the exhibition?Part: BQuestions 31-35A: Dr. Smith. I need to ask you about something in Chapter 12. Well it talks about erosion and the deposit of sediment on the deep sea floor, but I'm confused, cause, well, for that to happen there would have to be some kind of force down there moving the mud or sand or whatever, right? But I thought there weren't any waves or currents that deep in the ocean.B: That's not exactly correct. It's true that deep down on the ocean floor we won't have the same kinds of currents we find in shallower parts. But we do find what we call turbidity currents(混浊流). This wasn’t in the book but the term came up in class. Do you remember what it means?A: Um, turbidity currents? Oh, yeah! Isn't that when sediment like sand or mud gets stirred up and mixes with water，and then this mixer kind of flows through the water around it, right?B: Good!A: Um, but I thought that only happened in rivers.B: Well, yes. This does occur in rivers, but we see turbidity currents deep in the ocean as well.A: But how do they get started there?B: Earthquakes mostly, when an earthquake occurs under water, it throws up tremendous amounts of mud or sand that becomes suspended in a layer of water near the bottom of the ocean. This layer is so much denser and heavier than other ocean water that if flows right down the slopes of the ocean floor and gains more and more speed as it moves along. Then it's just like the winds blowing across the desert, picking up sand from one place and moving it along and finally dropping it somewhere else.31：What is the main topic of the discussion?32：What does the professor ask the student to explain?33：How is a turbidity current different from the water around it?34：According to the professor, how do earthquakes cause turbidity currents?35：Why does the professor mention desert winds?Questions 36–39A: Hey Neal, now that the midterms are over a bunch of us are getting away for the weekend to go canoeing. Wanna come along'?B: Well, um, it'd be great to get away, but I've never done it before.A: None of the others have either except for me. I went once last fall. But there'll be an instructor in each canoe the first day.B: I don't know.A: Oh, come on. This is our last chance to take a break before finals. The scenery is beautiful, and if it gets too hot we can dive in whenever we feel like it. The river's really calm this time of the year, no rapids(急流) to deal with.B: That's a relief. What would I have to bring?A: Let's see. Tom's bringing food for the Friday night cookout（郊游野餐）for everyone. And the people who run the trip have tents set up and they supply food and drinks for all day Saturday. On the way back Sunday morning we'll stop somewhere for breakfast. So, you just have to bring a bathing suit(泳衣) and a sleeping hag.B: Well, I do love camping and sleeping out. Where is this place?A: Well, it's about an hour and a half to the place where we meet the trip leaders. We leave our car there and they drive us and the canoes upriver to the place where we start canoeing.B: And who's driving us to the meeting place?A: Well, I was hoping we could take your car. Mine's in the shop again.B: Oh, I see. It's not me you want, it's my car.A: Don't be silly. So what would you say?B: Oh, why not!A: Great I'll give you a call after I find out when everyone wants to leave on Friday.36：What is the main reason the woman calls the man?37：What is one thing the man has to bring?38：What does the man say he enjoys doing?39：What does the woman need to talk to the man again?Part CQuestion 40-42In the 18th century French economists protested the excessive regulation of business by the government. Their motto was laisser faire（自由主义）. Laisser faire means let the people do as they choose. In the economic sense, this meant that while the government should be responsible for things likemaintaining peace and protecting property fights, it should not interfere with private business. It shouldn't create regulations that might hinder business growth, nor should it be responsible for providing subsidies to help. In other words, governments should take hands off approach to business. For a while in the United States, laisser faire was a popular doctrine. But things quickly changed. After the Civil War, politicians rarely opposed the government’s generous support of business owners. They were only too glad to support government land grants and loans to railroad owners for example. Their regulations kept tariffs high and that helped protect American industrialists against foreign competition. Ironically in the late 19th century, a lot of people believed that the laisser faire policy was responsible for the countries industrial growth. It was generally assumed that because business owners did not have a lot of external restrictions placed on them by the government, they could pursue their own interests, and this was what made them so successful. But in fact, many of these individuals would not have been able to meet their objective if not for government support.40：What is the talk mainly about?41：Who first used the motto laisser faire?42：What is the principle idea of the laisser faire policy?Question 43-46Let's begin today by discussing enzymes. Enzymes are what make many of the body's biochemical reactions possible. Actually biochemical reactions can take place without them, but at much lower rates. In fact an enzyme may cause a reaction to proceed billions of times faster than it would otherwise. Before I go on to the biochemical specifics of how this works, let me provide a figurative example. I think it will help illustrate the power of enzymes more clearly. Now, suppose you got a bag and you put a bunch of locks in it, just small padlocks（挂锁）. Then you put in all the keys that go with the locks. And you closed the bag and shook it hard. No matter how long you shook, chances are very small that any key would get inserted in any of the locks. But if you took them all out of the bag and this time used your hands to insert the keys in the locks, you could combine them much quicker.Enzymes act like your hands, quickly allowing chemical reactions that would otherwise take much longer. Now, there are 2 reasons that enzymes are so effective at enabling biochemical reactions. First enzymes greatly reduce the amount of energy required to start the reactions, and with less energy needed the reactions can proceed a lot faster than they could without the enzyme. The second reason is that on a small amount of an enzyme is needed to enable the biochemical reaction. That's because the chemical structure of the enzyme itself does not become altered as if enables the reaction. So a single enzyme can be used to start the same biochemical reaction over and over again.43：What is the talk mainly about?44：What point does the professor make about an enzyme when it is involved in a biochemical reaction? 45：What do enzymes do to help start a biochemical reaction?46：Why does the professor talk about locks and keys?Question 47-50Today I'd like to talk about the sculptor Henry Moore, in particular the ideas his work is based on, and also how he viewed the medium of sculpture. Moore said that to appreciate sculpture a person needs to respond to form in all of its 3 dimensions. He believed that this is more difficult than responding to art that is done on a flat surface, a surface such as canvas that has only 2 dimensions. For example, when you're looking at a painting you don't have to walk around it. You don't relate to form and shape in the same way you do when looking a sculpture. Moore paid great attention to shapes in nature such as that of bones and shells and stones. He thought that if you could appreciate the shape of something simple, like a stone then you could go on to appreciate more complex forms. He noticed that many of thestones he picked up had holes in them. One distinctive feature of Moore's sculpture is his use of holes or opening to emphasize that he is indeed working in a 3 dimensional medium. He believed that the shape of hole itself could have much meaning as that of solid mass, and could even help create a sense of mass or volume. Moore was also interested in representing the human figure, which he sculpted in such materials as bronze, stone, and wood. His sculptures of humans contained one person as in the work reclining figure or several people as in the sculpture family group.47：What is the talk mainly about?48：According to Henry Moore, why is sculpture more difficult to appreciate than other forms of art? 49：Why does the professor mention bones and shells?50：What is one well-known feature of Henry Moore's sculptures?。

历年托福听力考试2001_01

01年 1月托福听力文字Truth maybe oppressed, not suppressed!Part A1. W: Jane was really upset that you didn’t invite her to the graduation ceremony.M: well, you know. They only let you invite four people. But as it turns out my brother can go after all. And she is the next in my list. Q: what does the man mean?2. M: Do you know what time the train goes into the city?W: Normally it’s every 20 minutes. But, this’s weekend, so I’m not sure. Q: What does the woman imply the man should do?3. M: Could you do me a favor? I really need to get this notebook to Kathy, and I know she’s in your chemistry class this afternoon, so I was wondering.W: Not a problem. Consider it done(包在我身上 .Q: What will the woman probably do?4. W: There you are. Finally, we’d better get mov ing if we expected to get a seat.The lectures start in fifteen minutes. And we still have a long walk ahead of us.M: These things never start on time. And anyway, I don’t think it would be crowded.Q: What does the man imply?5. W: I studied French in high school, but I never really learned it until I spent the summer in Paris.M: Really using the language makes all the differences, doesn’t it?Q: What does the man imply?6. W: I wait it until midnight for your call last night. You know I really need those notes.M: Oh, I am so sorry. I get caught up on a conversation my roommate and completelyforgot. But you know what, I get there right here.Q: What will the man probably do?7. M: Can you believe that doctor Foster actually giving us an extra week to hand in the papers?W: That’s time I can certainly use. Believe me, I am not even the half way through.Q: What does the woman mean?8. W: My parents want to come visit next weekend, but I check every hotel in the area, and all seem to be full.M: Why not ca ll the Coside inn, it’s not so near the campus but it’s always get a few vacancy.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?9. M: I heard you’re looking for someone to pick up your mail when youare away the conference next week.W: Oh, could you?Q: What the woman want the man to do?10. M: I just got back from the campus bookstore, every single textbook I need inthis semester is sold out.W: That what you get the waiting until the day class begin.Q: What does the woman imply?11. M: I’m sorry, I shouldn’t volunteer to help you memorize your lines to the play,I still haven’t finish writing my essay.W: That’s ok. Sue said she will help me rehearse if you couldn’t do it. Q :What will the woman probably do next?12. M: You know, I was really hoping to get that journalism internship at the times. But I was only two weeks before start. And I still haven’t heard from them.W: Don’t worry about it. They must be plenty of other places would be happyto have you.Q: What does the woman imply the man should do?13. M: you know, Tim’s acting really funny lately, every since they won that tennis tournament last week and got photograph in the local paper. Well, he is kind of change, like he is hard to talk now.W :yeah, I know what you mean, I guess it’s all going to his head(冲昏了头 .Q: What does the woman say about Tim?14. W: if I can keep up the pace, I will graduate in just 3 years. M: That may be true, but I never want to give up my summer breaks. Q: What does the man imply?15. W: I am heading over to the theatre box office to get the tickets for this weekend concert before you’re all gone.M: I hate to tell you this, but from what I read in the paper this morning, you are already too late.Q: What does the man imply?16. W: it’s no use. I will never learn to swim as well as you do. M :Don’t give up so easily, remember I practically grow up in the water. Q: What does the man mean?17. M: You need to decide what are you going to do your research project done.W: I have got the background information together, now all I need is to find theright subject to observe.Q: What does the woman mean?18. W: What’s the problem? Don’t you have your apartment key?M: It’s a good thing I leave a spare with my neighbor, I am going to havea stop by and asking for it. So I can get in and get my books.Q: What will the man probably do next?19. M: I am having a hard time keeping up my biology class. I am seriously considering hiring a tutor.W: A word of advice?Don’t make a mistake I made last semester and wait until after midterm exam to do it.Q: What does the woman imply?20. M: we hope you enjoy year stay here at the hotel. Here your room key, and by the way, check out time is 12 noon.W: Oh, thanks for reminding me. It’s a lovely hotel and I am not at all in a hurry to leave, but I would not want to be charged for a second night. Q: What will the woman probably do?21. W: I am thinking about spending my spring breaks skiing at central mountains.You were there last year, how was it?M: To be completely honest that left a lot to be desired(远非相像中好 . Q: What does the man imply?22. M: did I read in the campus newspapers that your roommate was named the topstudent in history department?M :Oh, that’s highly unlikely, considering that her field is chemistry. Q: What does the woman mean?23. W:I know it’s short notice, but do you think to proofread the lab report for me tonight?M: Talk about the last minute(怎么现在才说 .Q: What can be inferred about the man?24. W: I have got to give my oral presentation in class tomorrow, and I am so nervous.M: May be you just need a trial run, why don’t you use me as your audience? Q: What does the man imply the woman should do?25. M: you know I have to leave the basket ball game halfway through last night. SoI never found out who won.W: Well, don’t look at me. I was just a few minutes behind you. Q: what does the woman mean?26. W: This salad needs something to give it some more flavour, don’t you think?You’re right, tell me what you like and I’ll run over (跑去 to the corner store, I need to get a few other items anyway.Q: What does the man offer to do?27. W: Jeff, I am so sorry, I don’t know what I did with your Spanish dictionary, of course, I will buy you a new one.M: Don’t be silly, I have had that rag ged (破旧的 old thing since junior high school, and I hardly ever use it anyway.Q: What does the man imply?28. M :Can I expect to see you at the party at the art gallery Friday night? The festivities(欢庆begin at six and it probably last a few hours. W: Oh, Y eah, I wouldn’t miss it. Soccer practice doesn’t end until seven but then I will be there.Q: What does the woman mean?29. M: are you crazy, how come you blurted that out in front of doctor smith?W: I don’t know, I guess he just caught me off guard(在我没留意时听到我说 .Q: What does the woman mean?30. W: I hear you have got your own studio now, are you still painting in oils?M: I am, and I just sold three pieces. And another one could shown in the exhibit next month.Q: What can be inferred from the man?Part B31-34M: Hi, rob, mind if I eat lunch with you?W: No, Mr. Evens, not at all.M: Thanks, I just heard you study nutrition and you’ve got a quite a bit experience working in the cafeteria, so I wonder if you have been interested in a small project we are doing this term.W: What was the project all about?M: More and more students have been deciding not to buy the meal plans here and we want to attract them back. So, I want to hear what students would like. Your job would be to found out. And, of course I’ d like to hear the any of your own ideas.W: Well, if the menus were changed, then maybe I would have to listen to so much criticism. You know I have taken several nutrition classes, and everyone there sees me when I serve food hear. So they always complaint to me about the food.M: That makes you perfect for the job. Would you be interested?W: I am not sure. What is sort of changes that you thinking of?M: I’d like to make some changes in the way we prepare our food. For example, just look about we had to choose from today. You got a fried hamburg that dipping in oiland I got fried chicken. They both contain too much fat.W: But you’d better not get rid of them. They are everybody’s favorites. M : Well, we can certainly keep them but we need to give the people who are health conscious some choices. For example we could also prepare chicken without the fatty skin, and served on some rice with light sauce. Do you think that would appeal to the students?W: Well, I’d like fat. But you are right, you’d better find out what other think. Oh, sorry, I’ve got get back to work. I’d like to hear more though. I’ll drop by your office later.M: ok, see you then.31. What are the speakers mainly discussing?32. What is the woman’s current job in the cafeteria?33. What does the man want the woman to do?34. What does the man suggest the cafeteria to do?35. How does the woman probably feel about the man’s project?36~39A: Hi, alias, you’ll never guess who I met last week. Bob Johnson. B: You don’t mean the bob Johnson who directed the choir(唱诗班 that perform on campus last weekend?A: That’s right.B: But she is so famous. How do you get to meet her?A: Well, you know how that program they handed out they printed the words to the carol(颂歌 pieces along with the translations? I found if all these mistakes in the Latin text, you know, typographical(印刷上的 .B: Wait a minute, you were actually reading the word?A: Wow, I will so caught up in the performance that I never even look at the program.B: I’d like to follow the test while I’m listening. It allows me understa nd what they are singing about. Anyway, when they were doing those Latin pieces, I notice all these mistakes, mostly spelling errors. But it was really annoying. So after the concert went over, people were crowding around the backstage to see her and soloist.A: Yeah, I remember, there were dozens of people waiting here for autograph(亲笔签名 .B: Well, I wait to the end and then when I met Bob Johnson I showed her the mistakes I found.A: Was she upset?B: Upset? She actually thanked me and if I send her a copy of correct test. Shewill revise(校订 it for the next time they sing those pieces. And even print my name in the acknowledgement as a program editor.A: Woo, you are Latin must be pretty good to find out the errors. B: I should hope so, I majoring in classics.36. what is the man eager to tell the other students?37. what can be inferred about the two students?38. What was bob Johnson’s reaction to the man’s commons.39. what will the man probably seen to bob Johnson.[Part C 40～42 The cattle ranching(经营牧场 industry started in the western US in the late eighteen hundreds. As the industry developed so did the horse ridding contests that we called rodeos. Rodeos weren't always the big entertainment shows that we see nowadays. The first ones were small contests started as an informal competition among people historically referred to the cowboys. Although they didn't include both men and women. One duty of the cowboys was to guide the cattle from grass rangers into town along the railroad lines where the cows were loaded on to trains. The cowboys would gather near these cattle towns to compete for the unofficial title "best horse rider". They were demonstrated the riding skills that they had learned as a matter of survival. And the audience was composed mainly of other cowboys who watch the competitor critically since they knew what the events were all about. Rodeos contest took a different turn in the 1890's, when organizers began to hold cowboys sports during yearly agriculture affairs. What was different with the audience? It consist mostly people who were unfamiliar with the life on the range. They were amazed by the skills of riders and intelligence of horses. The rodeos at agricultural affairs became so popular that ranchers and business people began to organize rodeos as independent events separate from fairs. The organizers built large arenas(竞技场, and earn money by requiring spectators to pay for admission. More and more notable rodeos held annually in Wyoming. It's called frontier days. While "frontier days" is not the first independent rodeo, it is the oldest annual show taking place each year since 1897. 40. What is the topic mainly about? 41. What can be inferred about the early radio? 42. What is the significant about the frontier days. 45-46 We've been looking at fear from biological perspective. And someone asked whether the tendency to be fearful is genetic. While some study done with mice indicate that mammals do inherit fearfulness to some degree. In one study for instance, a group of mice were placed in the bright lit open boxes with no hiding places. Some of the micewondered around the box and didn't appear to be bothered about being so exposed. But other mice didn't move. They stayed up against one wall, which indicate that they were afraid. Well, when fearful mice or you might say anxious mice like ones who stayed in one place. When mice like this were bred with one another repeatedly, after about 12 or so generations, then all of the offspring show similar signs of fearfulness. And even when the new born mouse from this generation was raised by a mother and with other mice who were not fearful, that mice still tend to be fearful as the result. Now, why is this? Well, it's thought that the specific gene in animal body haveinfluenced on the anxious behavior. These genes that are associated with particular nerve cell receptors in brain. And the degree of overall fearfulness in the mammal seemto depend in the large part on the presence or absence of these nerve cell receptors. And this appears to apply to humans as well by the way. But while the tendency towards anxiety and fear may well be an inherited trait, but the specific form that the fear takes has more to do individual environment. So a particular fear like the fear of snakes or the fear of spider, say, is not genetic. But the overall tendency to have fearful responses is. 43. What is the talk mainly about? 44. How did some of the mice in the study demonstrated that they were afraid? 45. According to the professor, what contribute to a mammal tendency to be fearful? 46. Why does the prof. mentions snakes and spiders? 47-50 One type of natural spring geographer is interested in is artesian spring. Hiking through the woods some of you are surprised to see water flowing from the opening in the ground. That will no more ever. That may be artesian spring. To help you understand why water might flow like this from underground, I'd like to explain two basic conditions that necessary for their formation. The first condition is that water must be contained in an aquifer(含水土层. An aquifer is an underground layer of rock sediment that has pores or holes in it. And this pores rock allows water to flow through it freely. The aquifer must be inclined so that the over the surface of the ground. Rain water enter this through exposed and traveled downward to the lower portion of the aquifer. The second condition is that above and below the aquifer there must be layer of pores or clay. Either calledaquicludes(含水土层, and they block or hinder the flow of water. Aquicludes prevent water from drilling out of aquifers. So, let us go back to our artesian spring. There usually located above the ground near the lower and wind …… aquifer. A artesian spring are those places some hole crack stand from the ground surface, down through the Aquicludes and into the aquifer. Now the rain water that had drilled into the aquifer makes expose up end created pressure at the low end, so if there is crack in the rock, a crack that run from the aquifer to the surface, then the pressure pushes the water up through it. and water trickling out of the artesian spring. 47. What is the topic mainly about? 48. Why are the aquicludes important to the development of the artesianspring? 49. According to the prof., how does water in the aquifer reach the ground surface? 50. What does the prof. Say about the pressure?。

1989-2001年全部托福听力短对话

1999年1月托福听力文字及对应答案Part A1月听力原文听力试题答案A: Why are you leaving so early? The movie doesn't start till seven. (A) He wants to go early to avoid a traffic jam.B: I won’t be the traffic there. It's a n ightmare on the expressway during rush hour. (B) He wants to leave the theater before the movie is over.1 Q: What does the man mean? (C) He doesn't know the way to the theater. A(D) He doesn't usually get up at 7:00.A: Excuse me, but could you tell me how to get to the Excelsior Hotel? I thought it was on this (A) Walk around the corner to the next block.corner but I seem to have made a mistake. (B) Take a taxi to the hotel.2 B: Hum. I'm sorry. Maybe you should try calling them. There is a phone over there by the candy (C) Telephone the hotel for directions. Cstore. (D) Wait in the candy store.QA::t I db o ersr e ywo ou m r l u ugs e t s beo ka Idloe t mine in the classroom. And it was gone when I went (A) Borrow her book.back. (B) Check the classroom again.3 B: That happened to me once. I'd almost given up on finding it until I checked out at the lost-and- (C) Buy a new book. Dfound at the information desk downstairs in the lobby. (D) Ask about the book at the information desk..man i lnyg a l g t mtoa isnhdoau?l d do?(A)Linda didn't like it.::i y at se es ewdoi amoB: I sure did. It must have cost him an arm and a leg. (B) Bill lost it.4 Q: What does the woman imply about the ring. (C) It was very expensive. C(D) It was very small.A: I'm always late for my morning classes. It's because of all the traffic out near where I live. (A) Take later classes.B: Well, you wouldn't have that problem if you move into our campus. (B) Discuss the problem with her professor.5 Q: What does the man suggest the woman do? (C) Come to campus by a different route. D(D) Live closer to campus.A: Jennifer is going to the shore again this weekend. (A) She often goes to the beach.B: Well, she's always been a beach person. (B) She got a weekend job at the beach.6Q: What can be inferred about Jennifer. (C) She misses the trips to the beach she used to take. A(D) Her home is near the beach.A: Hey, Larry. Wanna meet a few of us for coffee in a little while?7 Q: What will the man probably do? (C) Make some coffee. A1998年8月北美听力文字 (一)B: Hmm. I would if I weren't so far behind in this reading I'm doing for history.(A) Continue to read.(B) Meet the woman at the library. (D) Go out with some friends.8 9101112 131415A: Oh, man! Something in this room is making my eyesitch(痒). I must be allergic to something. B: Hum. I wonderwhat it is.Q: What does the woman want to know?A: My brother is coming this weekend and I thought three ofus could go out to dinner on Saturday night. Any suggestions?B: It's up to you. I don't know the restaurants around here thatwell. So you’d know a better place to go than me.Q: What does the man mean?A: Can I get a ride into the office with you tomorrow?B: Another day would be fi ne. But I’ve got to be dow ntown fora meeting first thing in the morning. Q: What does the womanimply?A: After two weeks of tennis lessons I think I finallymanaged to improve my backhand（反手击球） .B: Like my mom always says: "Practice makes perfect."Q: What does the woman mean?A: I just heard about your acceptance into law school. Doyou think you will be able to join your brother's firm whenyou graduate?B: Not likely. He is a tax lawyer and I'm going to major incriminal law.Q: What does the woman imply?A:Couldyougivemearidetothedean'soffice?Myinterviewforthescholarship isinanhour.B:Don'tyouhaveanyt hing elseto wearother than that swe ater? Q: What does the woman imply? A: Well,if you are serio usly consi deringbuying a car,I'm trying to getrid of mine. All it needs is new paint.B: Thanks. But most used cars end up being more trouble than they are worth.Q: What will the man probably do?A: Did you watch that comedy special on TV last night? I don't think I ever laughed so hard.B: Don't even talk to me about it. The only night I really wanted to watch something ，and we had apower fail in my building.Q: What does the woman mean?1998年8月北美听力文字(A) What she can do to help the man.(B) How long the man has had allergies.(C) What is causing the man's problem.(D) What the man just said.(A) He already has plans for Saturday night.(B) The woman should decide where to cat Saturday.(C) The woman should ask her brother for a suggestion.(D) He will make a reservation at the restaurant.(A) She'll drop the man off on the way to work.(B) The man can ride downtown with her.(C) The man will have to leave earlier than usual.(D) She can't give the man a ride.(A) Her backhand is almost perfect.(B) The time the man spent practicing has helped him.(C) The man's mother wanted him to practice.(D) Her mother is a good tennis coach.(A) Her brother was not accepted into law school.(B) She doesn't want to be a criminal lawyer.(C) She has decided not to go to law school.(D) She doesn't plan to work in her brother's law firm.(A) The man will probably receive a scholarship.(B)Shecan'tgivethemanaridetothed e a n ' s o f f i c e . ( C ) S h e c a n l e n d t h e m a n a sweater.(D) The man isn't dressed appropriately for the interview.(A) Buy a car from the woman.(B) Help the woman paint her car.(C) Buy a new car.(D) Look for a less expensive car.(A) She's upset that she missed the television program.(B) She doesn't think the television program was funny.(C) She doesn't like talking about television programs.(D) She watched the television program at a friend's house.CBDBDDCA(一)1617181920 2122A: Do you think it'll be able to get this ink stain out of my pants?B: It won't be a problem but I'll need to send them over to ourmain cleaning facility. That's an extra day's time.Q: What does the woman mean?A: You'll have to be a lot more persuasive if you want toconvince the committee to accept your proposal.B: I'm not sure what else I could say. Besides I don't thinkover-rejected(完全拒绝的).Q: What does the woman mean?A: I'm having trouble slicing the bread with this knife.B: Oh. Sorry about that. I haven't gotten around to sharpening ityet.Q: What can be inferred about the knife?A: Do you know if Sarah has reserved the room for thecommittee meeting yet?B: No. But if she hasn't we should have her try to get theauditorium. We'll need the space.Q: What does the woman want Sarah to do?A: I lost the piece of paper Laura gave me. You know, the onewith her address on it.B: You might be able to find it listed in the phone book.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?A:Iheardontheradiothatnotonlyisitgoingtobesuperhottomorrowbutalsothehumidity'sgoingway up. B: Sounds like I'm going to have to find an air-conditio ned place to be in. Q: What does the man mean? A: I can't concentr ate on this final report any longer. Maybe I should take a nap before we continue.B: You know they say the physical activity makes you more alert.Q: What does the woman imply?(A) Cleaning the pants will take longer than usual.(B) The man can have his pants at the end of the day.(C) She doesn't think the stain can be removed.(D) The man should go to a different location.(A) She is going to try to be more persuasive.(B) She'll accept the committee's proposal.(C) She thinks the committee will accept the proposal.(D) She'll revise the proposal before she talks to the committee.(A) It's new.(B) It's dull.(C) It's not clean.(D) It has a broken handle.(A) Meet her in the auditorium.(B) Schedule the meeting for a different time.(C) Reserve a large room for the meeting.(D) Cancel the meeting.(A) The man may have left the paper in the phone book.(B) The man should call Laura for her address.(C) Laura's house is not difficult to find.(D) Laura's address probably appears in the telephone directory.(A) He doesn't believe the weather forecast.(B) Hedoesn'tlikehumidweather.(C) Hejustboughtan airconditioner.(D) Hecan fixthewoman's airconditioner.(A) Themanshouldsleepmore.(B) Themanshouldgetsomeexercise.(C) It'simportant tofinishthereportnow.(D) The man needs to concentrate harder.ACBCD B B1998年8月北美听力文字 (一)2324252627 2829A: I hope you like the novel I lent you. I wasn't sure whether itwas the kind of book you would be interested in.B: You know, I had the same doubt at first. But once I started Isimply couldn't put it down.Q: What does the man mean?A: The museum exhibit that our professor recommended justclosed. Last day yesterday.B: Oh. I was really looking forward to seeing it.Q: What does the man mean?A: If George misses one more meeting we are gonna have to findone new committee secretary.B: We'd better give him an ultimatum(最后通牒).Q: What does the man suggest they do?A: Are you sure you don't mind getting the concert tickets? Iwouldn't be able to pay you back until Friday when I get paid.B: No problem. I'm glad I can help and we'll be able to gotogether.Q: What does the man mean?A: Have you heard the news? The manager posted this month'swork schedule.B: She did? Where?Q: What does the woman ask?A: Willyou beliving inthedormitory thisyear?B:Notif Icanhelpit.I'vebeenthinkingofrentinganapartmentoffcampuswithsomefriendsofmine.Q:Whatdoes the man imply? A: The plot(剧情) of that movie is hard to follow.B: It makes more sense the second time. Q: What can be inferred about the woman? (A) He doubts the woman will like the novel.(B) He hasn't started reading the novel yet.(C) He enjoyed reading the novel.(D) He'll lend the woman the novel after he has read it.(A) He is pleased the exhibit has closed.(B) He has already seen the exhibit.(C) He is disappointed the exhibit has closed.(D) He already knew the exhibit had closed.(A) Remove George from the committee immediately.(B) Warn George that his attendance problem is serious. (C) Offer to help George duringthe meeting.(D) Telephone George to see if he's coming to the meeting.(A) He'll pay the woman earlier.(B) He was Able to sell the tickets for the woman.(C) He doesn't mind buying the tickets.(D) He hopes to see the woman on Friday.(A) Where the manager is.(B) Where she will be working this month.(C) Where she can find the work schedule.(D) Where the man heard the news.(A) She needs help finding a place to live.(B) There aren't enough rooms available in the dormitories. (C) She can't afford to live oncampus.(D) She doesn't want to live in university housing.(A) She would like to see the film again.(B) She has seen the movie more than once.(C) She thinks the movie lasted a long time.(D) She thinks the movie was a waste of time.CCBCCB D1998年8月北美听力文字 (一)A: I'm so soaked from the rain. I'd go back to my room to change my clothes if there were ore time before the performance.30 B: I could use drying off too. But I hate the idea of missing even a few minutes of this concert.Q: What can be inferred about the speakers?5月1 2 3 4 56(A) They didn't get wet.(B) They're late for the concert.(C) They prefer to dress casually. DPa rt A 听力原文听力试题A: I need to go across town, but the traffic is so heavy this time of day.B: When you take the subway, you’ll never have to deal with traffic. I never drive anymo re. Q: What does the man imply?A: I’ve got two tickets to today’s game. Do you want to come along? B: It’ll be on television. Besides, it’s really too cold forme.Q: What will the man probably do?A: You had Professor Johnson before, right? How would you describe his lectures?B: Well, let me put it this way: I could never stay awake in one of his classes without first drinking at least two cups of coffee. （有这么夸张吗）Q: What does the man imply?A: Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the post office?B: Your guess is as good as mine. I’m new around here. Q: What does the woman mean?A: I forgot to tell you that Fred called last night to borrow your sleeping bag. B: Oh, I sawhim at the gym this morning and he didn’t say anything. So hemust’ve asked somebody else. Q: What does the man imply?A: You must be looking forward to your trip back to Colorado. It should be fun to hike up into those mountains again.B: Well, there might not be time for that. The thing is I haven’t seen my sister and her kids for three years.Q: What does the woman imply?(A) The woman doesn’t drive often. (B) Traffic is better than it used to be. (C) Taking public transportation saves time. (D) The subway is crowded.(A) Wear a heavy sweater to the game. (B) Exchange the tickets. (C) Take care of his cold. (D) Watch the game at home.(A) He dropped out of Professor Johnson’s class. (B) He’ll probably take another class wi th Professor Johnson. (C) Professor Johnson’s lectures were boring. (D) Students weren’t allowed to bring drinks into Professor Johnson’s class.(A) She hasn’t recei ved any mail yet. (B) She doesn’t know where the postoffic e is. (C) She thinks the post office is nearby. (D) A new post office has just opened. (A) Someone else told him Fred had called. (B) The man looked for Fred at they gym. (C) It wasn’t really Fred who cal led.(D) Fred probably 3borrowed someone else’s sleeping bag. (A) She hasn’t gone hiking in three years. (B) She plans to visit her relatives. (C) Her sister’s children love to hike in the mountains. (D) Her sister may move back to Colorado someday.答案CDCBDB 1998年8月北美听力文字 (一)7 8 91011 121314A: Tom’s house is a mess! Doesn’the ever clean it?B: I guess he just has too much else on his mind with that newjob of his.Q: What does the woman imply about Tom?A: Hey, that’sa great sweater you’re wearing. It looks reallywarm.B: Yeah, but I wish I brought a co at like you did. It’s really coldtoday.Q: What does the woman imply?A: Hey, George, I can’t ge t to sleep with thelights sonearmy bed. Can you studysomeplace else?B: Sorry, there is a party going on down in the lounge. I suppose Ican check the dining room though.Q: What will George probably do?A: I wish I didn’t have to make a special trip to the postoffice toget my package.B: Well, if you call them in the morning, they’ll gi ve thepackage to your mail carrier to bring out to you.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?A: Professor, have you graded my term paper yet?B: To tell you the truth, I’ve been tied up in committee me etingsall week.Q: What can be inferred about the paper?A: Withthecoldthatbad, Ithink itis prettyfoolishnot tosee adoctor.B:Don’tworry.It’llpass in afewdays.Q: Whatdoesthe manmean?A: Doyouhavehotwaterinwardroom?Because wehaven’thad any for three days and I hate cold shower s. B: Oh, soun dsmiser able. Since the gyms usuall y open, why don ’t you just go over there to fix the probl em? :t fd o ue nsdt h o twtraeng t t t n t tmh n c rdeoa ive writing class is full.Now I have to wait another whole year to get in.B: Why don’t you check back after the first week? Somebody might drop it.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?1998年8月北美听力文字(A) He’s planning to move to a new house.(B) He hopes to change jobs.(C) He likes to keep his house clean.(D) He’s too busy to clean the house.(A) Her coat is similar to the man’s.(B) She needs to buy a new coat.(C) Her sweater is not warm enough.(D) The man should have worn a sweater.(A) Ask the people in the lounge to be quiet.(B) Try to find another place to study.(C) Move the party to the dining room.(D) Turn on another light.(A) Pickup the package at the postoffice.(B) Deliver the package in person.(C) Ask to have the package delivered to his home.(D) Find out the hours the post office is open.(A) The committee is discussing it.(B) It received a low grade.(C) It hasn’t been graded.(D) The woman hasn’t submitted it.(A) He’ll see the doctor if he’s not better soon.(B) He has had worse colds in the past.(C) He’ll feel better once he sees the doctor.(D) Hiscoldwill goawayby itself.(A) Gethisshowerfixed.(B) Findoutwhenthegym isopen.(C) Takeashowerat thegym.(D) Askto bemovedtoanotherbuidling.(A)Makesuretheregistration offi cedidn’tmake a mistake. (B)Decidewhethertodropthecoursenextweek. (C) Find out if a place opens up in the course later. (D) Take the course next year. DCBCCDCC(一)1516171819 2021A: Professor Nelson, could you please turn upthe temperature in here? I’m having troubleconcentrating.B: Yeah, I understand, but I don’t control the thermostat（自动调温器）. Tell you what, I’ll talk to maintenance about it afterclass. In the mean time, I suggest you put on a sweater if youbrought one.Q: What does the man imply?A: Hi, Jerry, it’s Beth from the apartment next door. I’m atschool right now and I realize I forgot my keys at home.Could you ask the building manager to put the extra set inmy mailbox?B: I don’tthink that’s sec ure enough. I can just drop by yourclass later.Q: What would the man probably do?A: I’m going to Chicago on business and somebody said youwere the right person to talk to about what I can do there forfun.B: You bet I am. But I hope you’ve got at least a month.Q: What does the man imply?A: Come on, Sue, I know you have a new camera, but, you justtook a picture of a car.B: No, No! Look behind the car.Q: What does the woman mean?A: Could I look at your bus schedule? I don’t want to drive towork tomorrow if it’s snowing.B: Youwouldbebetteroffcallingtheterminal（终点站）. It’sbeenalongtimesinceI’veusedmyschedule andI’msure itwasout ofdate.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?A:That’sa prettythickbook.Are yousure Fram will want to plough through （费力进行）that? B: Are you kidding?She’ll be through it in two days. Q: What does the man imply about Fram?A: If I send this package third class, how long will it take to arrive? B: About two weeks. But, hum, many people don’t realize that first class is only a dollar fifty more and it would get there in just afew days.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?(A) He doesn’t think the room is too cold.(B) He’s already wearing a sweater.(C) He can’t address the problem right now.(D) He’ll turn up the heat as soon as class is over.(A) Make a copy of the key for the woman.(B) Give the woman her key at her class.(C) Put the key in the woman’smailbox.(D) Unlock the woman’sdoor.(A) He recently spent a month in Chicago.(B) He can recommend many things to do.(C) Chicago is an expensive place to have fun.(D) He’s going on the trip, too.(A) She likes the design of the car.(B) Someone famous is riding in the car.(C) She collects pictures of cars.(D) The car is in front of something interesting.(A) The bus is usually late when it snows.(B) She’s not sure where her schedule is.(C) She can’t give the man a ride to work.(D) The times on her bus schedule may no longer be correct.(A) Shehastroubleconcentrating.(B)She’llreturnthebook ifshedoesn’t like it.(C) Sheis a fastreader.(D)She’lllend theman thebookwhenshe’sfinished.(A) Paytheextrapostage.(B)Sendthepackage third-class.(C) Waita fewdays tomail the package.(D) Deliver the packagehimself.CBBDD C A1998年8月北美听力文字 (一)2223242526 2728A: Surely, you don’t want to eat at the expensive restaurant.B: Not much I don’t（我并非一点也不想） . They have thebest food in town.Q: What does the man mean?A: Like usual the lecture hall is complete mess this afternoon.Newspapers, soda cans, used issues, all of it, just thrown allover the floor. I can’t understand how people can be sothoughtless.B: Well, your professor should have the authority to getsomething done about it.Q: What does the woman imply the man should do?A: How about going on a camping trip next week with us? Weare planning on hiking and canoeing in the state park.B: That sounds great. But I’d better warn you: I’ve never beenin the canoe and I am not much the swimmer either.Q: What does the woman mean?A: I heard that the pre-turnout( 事先的准备) for the opening ofthe new sculpture exhibit was a kind of disappointing.B: I guess a lot of other people feel the way I do about modernart.Q: What does the woman mean?A: We’d better make sure we get to the presentatio n earlytomorrow morning. The dean said thatthere would be bagels （百吉饼）and pastries in food. But Ihave a feeling that they are going to go quickly.B: I guess I’ll brin g my appetite.Q: What will the man probably do?A:Isn’t itgreataboutR uth’scommunityserviceaward?B: Shedeserved itQ: Whatdoesthe manmean?A:I’mdrivingdowntownthisafternoon. IhavetostopbyDeluxe, theartsupplystore,to getsome paints for my art class. B: Deluxe? They moved to Smithvill e.Q: What does the woman mean? (A) He’s not very hungry.(B) He really wants to eat at the restaurant.(C) The restaurant is too expensive.(D) He knows a better place to go for a meal.(A) Speak to his professor about the condition of the lecture hall. (B) Organize a team of students toclean the lecture hall.(C) Find out who has been making the mess.(D) Wait to see if the problem goes away.(A) She’d like togo although she has little experience. (B) She doesn’t enjoy camping.(C) She’d rather go swimming than hiking.(D) She needs to buy a canoe before the trip.(A) She couldn’t get a ticket for the exhibit.(B) She doesn’t like crowded events.(C) She knows a lot of people who went to the exhibit. (D) She doesn’t like modern art.(A) Arrive at the presentation after breakfast.(B) Talk to the dean before the presentation.(C) Call the woman early in the morning.(D) Eat breakfast at the presentation.(A) Ruth earned the award.(B) Ruth helped plan the award ceremony.(C) Ruth should work more for the community.(D) Ruth served as chairperson of the committee.(A) She cannot go with the man to Smithville.(B) There is a new art supply store downtown.(C) The store’s location has changed.(D) The store went out of business.BAADDC A1998年8月北美听力文字 (一)1999年8月托福听力文字及对应答案 Part A8月听力原文听力试题答案A: I was going to get something to eat at the cafeteria, but it seems to be closed. (A) Ask someone to recommend a place to eat. B: Oh, that’sbecause it’s Sunday. Why do n’t you come with me to a place I know on Canal Street? (B) Cook something for themselves.1 Q: What does the woman suggest they do? (C) Go to another place to eat. C(D) Check the cafeteria later.A: How did the pictures at the Orientation come out? Did you get them back from the photo shop? (A) The store has lost them.B: Actually, the film is still in the camera. I haven’t quite finished the roll. (B) The man doesn’t have enough money to pay for them.2 C (D) The man is in a hurry.A: Do you have a calculator that you could lend me for a few days? I just have no (A) He doesn’town a calculator. idea where mine is. (B) His calculator is broken.3 DQ: What does the man mean? (D) Someone else borrowed his calculator.A: I can’t seem to wak e up in the morning without coffee at breakfast. (A) He likes to drink coffee in the morning. B: You know, I’m just like you, except I prefer tea. (B) He seldom wakes up early.4Q: What does the man mean? (C) He needs tea to feel alert. C(D) He doesn’t usually eat breakfa st.A: You were right about the puzzle you lent me last week. It really is a challenge. I want to try to get it myself though, so I am gonna work on it a little longer. B: Well, if you get really stuck, remember, I’m only a phone call away. Q: What does the woman mean?A: I’m new in town and I need to find a doctor. Do you know anything about Joyce Brown?(A) She hopes the man can remember her phone number.(B) She’swilling to help the man solve the puzzle. (C) She hopes the man will call her whe n he’sfinished. (D) She’s going out of town soon.(A) It is difficult getting an appointment with her. (B) She is a good doctor. (C) She used to be his doctor.2930BBB: Well, yes, I have one. But actually, it’s a lready on loan to someone. (C) He doesn’t want to lend his calculator to anyone. Q: Why can’t the woman see the picture? (C) The film hasn’t been processed yet.A: If the weather doesn’t get any better, we may have to scrap our plans for this afternoon’spicnic. (A) They sho uldn’t change their plans.B: Don’t give up yet. The forecast said the cl ouds should clear up by mid-morning. (B) He doesn’t trust the weather forecast.5 Q: What does the man imply? (C) They should have the picnic indoors. A(D) He had forgotten about their plans.1998年8月北美听力文字 (一)8月6 7 8 9 101112听力原文A: Do you think I could borrow your car to go glossary shopping?The supermarkets outside the city are so much cheaper than theone by the school. But they are so faraway. I’dbe happy topickupanything you need.B: Well, I don’t like to let anyone else drive my car. Tell youwhat, why don’t we go together? That way I can learn the way?Q: What does the woman mean?A: Do you mind if I take off my jacket?B: Of course not, make yourself at homeQ: What does the woman mean?A: I have to fill out these forms. They are due at thefinancial aid office by tomorrow afternoon. B: You werejust complaining about how broke you are. If I were you,I’d make that my firstpriority.Q: What does the woman mean?A: My hand still hurts from falling on the ice yesterday. Iwonder if I broke something.B: I’m no doctor, but it’s not black and blue or anything.Maybe you just need to rest it for a few days.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?A: Excuse me. Do you have any apartmentsavailable for under 500 dollars a month? I needto move in next week when my new job starts.B: The only vacant one I have is 600 dollars. Have you inquiredat the apartment complex down the street?:ohuatkos,tlaassutotsheedomtd。

2001全国卷英语听力文本

1.Where did this conversation most probably take place?A. At a concert.B. At a flower shop.C. At a restaurant.2. What did Paul do this morning?A. He had a history lesson.B. He had a chemistry lesson.C. He attended a meeting.3. What can we learn about the man from the conversation?A. He's anxious to see his sister.B. He wrote to his sister last month.C. He's expecting a letter from his sister.4. At what time does the train leave?A.3:00.B.3:15.C.5:00.5. What is the man’s problem?A. He can’t decide how to go.B. He can’t drive himself.C. He doesn’t like travelling by train.第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A．B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话成独白读两边。

听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。

6. What is Sally doing?A. Reading a letter.B. Washing clothes.C. Making a phone call.7. Why does Tom ask Sally and John to call him?A. He wants to meet them at the station.B. He wants to invite them to dinner.C. He wants them to visit his family.8. What is Tom’s telephone number?A. 680-6840.B. 780-6842.C. 780-7842.听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。

2001专八真题答案解析

2001年英语专八考试试卷及答案Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (40 min)In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listencarefully a nd then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response to each ques tion on your Coloured Answer Sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end ofthe talk you w ill be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now list en to the talk.1. Changes in the size of the World Bank’ s operations refer to ___.A. the expansion of its loan programmeB. the inclusion of its hard loansC. the inclusion of its soft loansD. the previous lending policies2. What actually made the Bank change its overall lending strategy?A. Reluctance of people in poor countries to have small families.B. Lack of basic health services and inequality in income distribution.C. The discovery that a low fertility rate would lead to economicdevelopment.D. Poor nutrition and low literacy in many poor countries of the world.3. The change in emphasis of the Bank’s lending policies meant that the Bank would ___.A. be more involved in big infrastructure projectsB. adopt similar investment strategies in poor and rich countriesC. embark upon a review of the investment in huge dams and steel millsD.invest in projects that would benefit the low-incomesector of society4. Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the bank?A. Colossal travel expenses of its staff.169B. Fixed annual loans to certain countries.C. Limited impact of the Bank’s projects.D. Role as a financial deal maker.5. Throughout the talk, the speaker is ___ while introducing the Wor ld Bank.A. biasedB. unfriendlyC. objectiveD. sensationalSECTION B CONVERSATIONQuestions 6 to 10 are based on a conversation. At the end of the conversation yo u will be given 15 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the conversatio n.6. The man sounds surprised at the fact that ___.A. many Australians are taking time off to travelB. the woman worked for some time in New ZealandC. the woman raised enough money for travelD. Australians prefer to work in New Zealand7. We learn that the woman liked Singapore mainly because of its___.A. cleannessB. multi-ethnicityC. modern characteristicsD. shopping opportunities8. From the conversation we can infer that Kaifeng and Yinchuan impressed the woman with their ___A. respective locationsB. historic interestsC. ancient tombsD. Jewish descendants9. Which of the following words can best describe the woman’s feelings a bout Tibet?A. Amusement.170B. Disbelief.C. Ecstasy.D. Delig ht10. According to the conversation, it was___that made the woman ready to stop traveling.A. the unsettledness of travelB. the difficulties of trekkingC. the loneliness of travelD. the unfamiliar environmentSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 11 and 12 are based on the following news. At the end ofthe news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.11. Mike Tyson was put in prison last August because he ___.A. violated the traffic lawB. illegally attacked a boxerC. attacked sb. after a traffic accidentD. failed to finish his contract12. The license granted to Tyson to fight will be terminated ___.A. by the end of the yearB. in over a yearC. in AugustD. in a few weeksQuestion 13 is based on the following news. At the end of the newsitem, you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.13. The Russian documents are expected to draw great attention because ___.A. they cover the whole story of the former US presidentB. the assassin used to live in the former Soviet unionC. they are the only official documents released about KennedyD. they solved the mystery surrounding Kennedy’s assassination171Question 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end ofthe news item,you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. New listento the news.14. In the recent three months, Hong Kong’s unemployment rate has ___.A. increased slowlyB. decreased graduallyC. stayed steadyD. become unpredictable15. According to the news, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Business conditions have worsened in the past three months.B. The past three months have seen a declining trend in job offers.C. The rise of unemployment rate in some sectors equals the fall in others.D. The unemployment rate in all sectors of the economy remains unchanged.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGFill each of gaps with ONE word. You may refer to your notes. Makesure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semanticallyacceptable.The Press ConferenceThe press conference has certain advantages. The first advantage lies with the(1)___ nature of the event itself; public officials are supposed to 1.___submit to scrutiny by responding to various questions at a press conference.Secondly, statements previously made at a press conference can be used as a(2)___ in judging following statements or policies. Moreover, in case 2.___of important events, press conferences are an effective way to break the news to groups of reporters.172However, from the point of view of (3)___, the press conference 3.___possesses some disadvantages, mainly in its(4)___ and news source.4.___The provider virtually determines the manner in which a pressconference proceeds. This, sometimes, puts news reporters at a(n)(5)___ , as can 5.___be seen on live broadcasts of news conferences. Factors in getting valuable information preparation: a need to keep up to date on journalistic subject matter;―(6)___ of the news source: 6.___1 ) news source’ s (7)___ to 7.___provide information;2)news-gathering methods.Conditions under which news reporters cannot trust the informationprovided by a news source― not knowing the required information;― knowi ng and willing to share the information, but without(8)___skills; 8.___― knowing the information, but unwilling to share;― willing to share, but unable to recall.(9)___ of questions asked 9.___Ways of improving the questions:no words with double meanings;no long questions;― specific time, place, etc.;― (10)___ questions; 10.___― clear alternatives, or no alternatives in answers.改错Part Ⅱ Proofreading and Error Correction (15 min) The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line containsa maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved.You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and wri te thecorrect one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a173“∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary wordcross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/’ and put the wordin the blank provided at the end of the line. ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an it never ／ buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitDuring the early years of this century, wheat was seen as thevery lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watchedthe yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if1.___they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasing 2.___favorite topic of conversation.War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketingthe western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grainselling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange.Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could 3.___not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often thatthey sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts4.___were coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators gettingrich. 5.___On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control, 6.___but the government had no wish to become involving, at 7.___least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to runwild.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal8.___government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal withdeliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchangetrading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by theboard. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government 9.___appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to17410.___buy, sell, and set prices.阅读理解 APart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 min)编辑本段回目录SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 min)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and thenmark answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet.TEXT A“Twenty years ago, Blackpool turned its back on the sea andtried to make i tself into an entertainment centre. ” say Robin Wood, a local official. “Now t he thinking is that we should try,to refocus on the sea and make Blackpool a fami ly destination again.” To say that Blackpool neglected the sea is to put it mil d ly. In 1976 the European Community, as it then was called, instructed member nati ons to make their beaches conform to certain minimum standards of cleanliness wi thin ten years. Britain, rather thancomplying, took the novel strategy of conte nding that many of its most popular beaches were not swimming beaches at all. Be causeof Britain’s climate the sea-bathing season is short, and most people don ’t go in above their knees anyway-and hence can’t really be said to be swimming. By averaging out the number of people actually swimming across 365 days of the y ear, the government was able to persuade itself, if no one else, that Britain ha d hardly any real swimming beaches.As one environmentalist put it to me: “You had the ludicroussituation in w hich Luxembourg had mere listed public bathing beaches than the whole of the Uni ted Kingdom. It was preposterous.”Meanwhile, Blackpool continued to discharge raw sewage straight into the se a. Finally after much pressure from bothenvironmental groups and the European U nion, the local water authority built a new waste-treatment facility for the who le of Blackpool and neighbouring communities. The facility came online in June 1 996. For the first time since the industrial revolution Blackpool’s waters are safe to swim in.175That done, the town is now turning its attention to making the sea-front me re visually attractive. The promenade, once a rather elegant place to stroll, ha d become increasingly tatty and neglected. “It was built in Victorian times and needed a thorough overhaul anyway, ”says Wood, “so we decided to make aestheti c improvements at thesame time, to try to draw people back to it.” Bla ckpool rec e ntly spent about .4 million building new kiosks for vendors and improving seat ing around the Central Pier and plans to spend a further$ 15 million on various amenity projects.The most striking thing about Blackpool these days compared with 20 years a go is how empty its beaches are. When the tide is out, Blackpool’s beaches are a vast plain of beckoning sand. They look spaciousenough to accommodate comforta bly the entire populace of northernEngland. Ken Welsby remembers days when, as he puts it, “ you couldn’t lay down a handkerchief on this beach, it was that c rowded.”Welsby comes from Preston, 20 miles down the road, and has been visiting Bl ackpool all his life. Now retired, he had come forthe day with his wife, Kitty, and their three young grandchildrenwho were gravely absorbed in building a san dcastle. “Two hundredthousand people they’d have on this beach sometimes.” W elsby said. “You can’t imagine it now, can you?”Indeed I could not. Though it was a bright sunny day in the middle of summe r. I counted just 13 people scattered along a halfmile or so of open sand. Exce pt for those rare times when hot weather and a public holiday coincide, it is li ke this nearly alwaysnow.“You can’t imagine how exciting it was to come here for the day when we w er e young.” Kitty said. “Even from Preston, it was a big treat.Now children don ’t want the beach. They want arcade games and rides in helicoptersand goodness kn ows what else.” She stared out over the glitterywater. “We’ll never see thos e days again. It’s sad really.”“But your grandchildren seem to be enjoying it,” I pointedout.176“For the moment, ”Ken said. “For the moment.”Afterward I went for a long walk along the empty beach, thenwent back to th e town centre and treated myself to a large portion of fish-and-chips wrapped in paper. The way they cook it in Blackpool, it isn’t so much a meal as an invita t ion to a heart attack, but it wasdelicious. Far out over the sea the sun was se tting with such splendor that I would almost have sworn I could hear the water h isswhere it touched.Behind me the lights of Blackpool Tower were just twinkling on, and the str eets were beginning to fill with happy evening throngs. In the purply light of d usk the town looked peaceful and happy ― enchanting even ― and there was an engaging air of expectancy, of fun about to happen. Somewhat to my surprise, I r ealized that this place was beginning to grow on me.16. At the beginning, the passage seems to suggest that Blackpool___.A. will continue to remain as an entertainment centreB. complied with EC’s standards of clearlinessC. had no swimming beaches all alongD. is planning to revive its former attraction17. We can learn from the passage that Blackpool used to ___.A. have as many beaches as LuxumbourgB. have seriously polluted drinking waterC. boast some imposing seafront sightsD. attract few domestic holiday makers18. What Blackpool’s beaches strike visitors most is their ___.A. emptinessB. cleanlinessC. modernityD. monotonyTEXT BPundits who want to sound judicious are fond of warning against generalizin g. Each country is different, they say, and no onestory fits all of Asia. This is, of course, silly: all of these economies plunged into economic crisis within a few months of each o177ther, so they must have had something in common.In fact, the logic of catastrophe was pretty much the same inThailand, Mal aysia, Indonesia and South Korea. (Japan is a verydifferent story. ) In each ca se investors――mainly, but not entirely, foreign banks who had made short-term loans――all tried to pull their money out at the same time. The result wasa co mbined banking and currency crisis: a banking crisis becauseno bank can convert all its assets into cash on short notice; acurrency crisis because panicked in vestors were trying not only to convert long-term assets into cash, but to conve rt baht or rupiah into dollars. In the face of the stampede, governments had no good options. If they let their currencies plunge inflation would soar and compa nies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt;if they tried to support th eir currencies by pushing up interestrates, the same firms would probably go bu st from the combination of debt burden and recessi on. In practice, countries’ s plit the difference―― and paid a heavy price regardless.Was the crisis a punishment for bad economic management? Likemost cliches, the catchphrase“ crony capitalism” has prospered because it gets at something real: excessively cozy relationships between government and business really did l ead to a lot of bad investments. The still primitive financial structure of Asia n business also made the economiespeculiarly vulnerable to a loss of confidence . But the punishmentwas surely disproportionate to the crime, and many investme nts that look foolish in retrospect seemed sensible at the time.Given that there were no good policy options, was the policyresponse mainl y on the fight track? There was frantic blame-shifting when everything in Asia s eemed to be going wrong: now there is a race to claim credit when some things ha ve started to go right. The international Monetary Fund points to Korea’s recov e ry―― and more generally to the fact that the sky didn’t fall a fter all ―― a s proof that its policy recommendations were right. Never mind that other IMF cli ents have done far worse,and that the economy of Malaysia ―― which refused IM F help, and horrified respectable opinion by imposing capital controls ――also seems to be on the mend. Malaysia’s prime Minister, by contrast, claims full cr e dit for any good n178ews――even though neighbouring economies also seem to have bo ttomed out.The truth is that an observer without any ax to grind would probably concl ude that none of the policies adopted either on or in defiance of the IMF’s adv i ce made much difference either way. Budget policies, interest rate policies, ban king reform ―― whatever countries tried,just about all the capital that could flee, did. And when there was no mere money to run, the natural recuperative powers of the economies finally began to prevail. At best, the money doctors whop urported to offer cures provided a helpful bedside manner; at worst, they were l ike medieval physicians who prescribed bleeding as a remedy for all ills.Will the patients stage a full recovery? It depends on exactly what you me an by “full”. South Korea’s industrial production is already above its pre-cr isi s level; but in the spring of 1997 anyone who had predicted zero growth in Korea n industry over the next two years would have been regarded as a reckless doomsa yer. So if by recovery you mean not just a return to growth, but one that brings the region’s performance back to something like what people used to regard asthe Asian norm, they have a long way to go.19. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the writer’s opinion?A. Countries paid a heavy price for whichever measure taken.B. Countries all found themselves in an economic dilemma.C. Withdrawal of foreign capital resulted in the crisis.D. Most governments chose one of the two options.20. The writer thinks that those Asian countries ___.A. well deserved the punishmentB. invested in a senseless way at the timeC. were unduly punished in the crisisD. had bad relationships between government and business21. It can be inferred from the passage that IMF policy recommendations ___.179A. were far from a panacea in all casesB. were feasible in their recipient countriesC. failed to work in their recipient countriesD. were rejected unanimously by Asian countries22. At the end of the passage, the writer seems to think that a full reco very of the Asian economy is ___.A. dueB. remoteC. imaginativeD. unpredictableTEXT CHuman migration: the term is vague. What people usually think of is the per manent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though, migrat ion means all the ways――from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a countryto the relocation of refugees from one country to another.Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is some 15 million Hindus, Skihs, and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizens between India and Pakis tan after the partitionof the subcontinent in 1947.Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change: everyone’s solutio n , everyone’s conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable eco n omic and political turmoil, has been called “ one of the greatest challenges of the coming century.”But it is much more than that. It is, as has always been, thegreat adventu re of human life. Migration helped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet , shaped our societies, and promisesto reshape them again.“You have a history book written in your genes, ”said Spencer Wells. The bo ok he’s trying toread goes back to long before even the first word was written , and it is a story of migration.Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spentthe summer of 1998 exploring remote parts of Transcaucasia and C180entral Asia with three collea gues in a Land Rover, looking for drops of blood. In the blood, donated by the p eople he met, he willsearch for the story that genetic markers can tell of the long paths human life has taken across the Earth. Genetic studies are thelatest technique in a long effort of modern humans t o find out where they have come from. But however the paths are traced, the basi c story is simple: people have been moving since they were people. If early huma ns hadn’t moved and intermingled as much as they did, they probably wouldhave c ontinued to evolve into different species. From beginningsin Africa, most resea rchers agree, groups ofhunter-gatherers spread out, driven to the ends of the E arth.To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, hum an beings, with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions wi thout having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second , as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed betw een groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room onthe pla net; the other gave us reasons to use them.Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet,people moved t oward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of commerce that th en became cities. Those places were,in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians.In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound fides in which people moved out to colonize or were capturedand brought in as slaves. F or a while the population of Athens,that city of legendary enlightenment was as much as 35 percent slaves.“What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in the great world events. ”Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a prof essor of political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently.It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration . Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and ma de new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals displaced thousand s or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; envir181onmental disasters like famine or disease pushed their bedraggledsur vivor s anywhere they could replant hope. “It’s part of our nature, this movement,” Miller said, “It’s just a fact of the human condition.”23. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Migration exerts a great impact on populationchange.B. Mi gration contributes to Mankind’s progress.C. Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects.D. Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts.24. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs asa result of the foll owing reasons EXCEPF ___.A. human adaptabilityB. human evolutionC. cultural differencesD. inter-group inequalities25. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants inthe pas sage?A. Farmers.B. Workers.C. Settlers.D. Colon izers.26. There seems to be a(n) ___ relationship between great events an d migration.A. looseB. indefiniteC. causalD. rem oteTEXT DHow is communication actually achieved? It depends, of course, either on a common language or on known conventions, or at leaston the beginnings of these. If the common language and the conventions exist, the contributor, for example, the creative artist, the performer, or the reporter, tries touse them as well as he can. But often, especially with original artists and thinkers, the problem is in one way that of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at leas t of developing thelanguage and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing his precise meaning. In literature, in music, in the visualarts, in the sciences, in social thinking, in philosophy, this kind of development has o ccurred again and again. It often takes a l182ong time to get through, and for many people it will remain difficult. But we need never think that it is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful than we sometimes suppose. While a man isengaged in this struggle to say new things in new ways, he is usually more than ever concentrated on the actual work, and not on its possible audience. Many ar tists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which th eir work will be received. They may be glad if it is understood and appreciated, hurt if it is not, but while the work is being done there can be no argument. T he thing has to come out as the man himself sees it.In this sense it is true that it is the duty of society to create condition s in which such men can live. For whatever the value of any individual contribut ion, the general body of work is ofimmense value to everyone. But of course thi ngs are not so formal, in reality. There is not society on the one hand and thes e individuals on the other. In ordinary living, and in his work, the contributor shares in the life of his society, which often affects him both in minor ways a nd in ways sometimes so deep that he is not even aware of them. His ability to m ake his work public dependson the actual communication system: the language its elf, or certain visual or musical or scientific conventions, and the institution s through which the communication will be passed.The effect ofthese on his act ual work can be almost infinitely variable. Forit is not only a communication s ystem outside him; it is also, however original he may be, a communication syste m which is in factpart of himself. Many contributors make active use of this ki ndof internal communication system. It is to themselves, in a way, that they fi rst show their conceptions, play their music, presenttheir arguments. Not only as a way of getting these clear, in theprocess of almost endless testing that a ctive composition involves. But also, whether consciously or not, as a way of pu tting theexperience into a communicable form. If one mind has grasped it, then it may be open to other minds.In this deep sense, the society is in some ways already present in the act of composition. This is always very difficult to understand, but often, when we have the advantage of looking back ata period, we can see, even if we cannot e xplain, how this was so. We can see how much even highly original individuals ha d in common, in their actual work, and in what is called their “structure183of fe e ling”, with other individual workers of the time, and with the society of that t ime to which they belonged. The historianis also continually struck by the fact that men of this kind felt isolated at the very time when in reality they were beginning toget through. This can also be noticed in our own time,。

2001年8月托福听力文字

蓝色字为注释，红色字为尚待校正部分。

01年8月托福听力文字Part A1. W: Tina says you won’t be able t o make it to the meeting tomorrow evening.M: Yeah, sorry about that. I just found out that I have to work over time.Q: What does the man mean?2. W: Would you mind taking a picture of me in front of the fountain?M: Not at all. But I’m not sure how this camera works.Q: What will probably happen next?3. W: Oh my goodness. Your help services card is sitting right here in your file, itshould have been sent out to you weeks ago. I h ope you haven’t had any need for it.M: No, not yet. But it’s nice to know I have it, so I don’t need to reapply.Q: What does the man mean?4. M: Excuse me, Pro.# But I’m still confused, could you go over that last point onemore time?W: Of course, that’s what I’m here for.Q: What does the woman mean?5. M: I’m sorry I made you wait. The bus was stuck in traffic and took forever to gethere.W: No harm done. I was able to catch up on some reading.Q: What can be inferred about the conversation?6. M: Tha t’s a really nice raincoat, Lisa.W: Thanks. I like it too. If only it had a heavy lining(衬里)，so I can wear it in winter too.Q: What does the woman mean?7. M: I just heard the news that Mary won the election. That must be a big disappointmentfor you.W: Well, actually, she probably was the best candidate this time around, and I can always run again next year.Q: What does the woman imply?8. W: Do you have your film festival schedule with you? I’d like to find out what’splaying this weekend.M: I past it on to my roommate, but there should be more in the bookstore. I can pick one up for you next time I’m there.Q: What does the man offer to do?9. W: My new neighbor next door is really great. She’s got fantastic collection ofclassical music, I mean dozens of composers I’ve never even heard of.M: Hmm… Just be careful Annie, a hobby like that can be contagious（感染的）and expensive.Q: What does the man imply?10. M: The bus they are renting to take us to the museum? It’s goanna leave at tenin front of the library. So, let’s meet on the library steps befor e ahead, ok?W: Oh I thought I told you. I have a dentist appointment this morning so I’m going to meet up with you guys downtown at the museum, ok?Q: What does the woman imply?11. M: Gee, you have a lot of change in that jar. Are you a coin collector?W: No, I’m just saving them for a rainy day（穷困时期）.Q: What does the woman mean?12. W: I saw you in the lecture hall yesterday on your way out to Pro. #’s philosophyclass. I was quite surprised, I couldn’t imaging you are someone interested in philosophy.M: I don’t know what’s so surprising, ther e are lots of engineering students in that class.Q: What can be inferred about the man?13. M: Did I hear that right? Our reports are due next Friday?W: Just the introduction, the rest will find out about today in class.Q: What does the woman mean?14. M: This painting would go great in my room, but they want 30 dollars for it andit’s probably mostly for the frame.W: Then why don’t yo u see a few sellers separately?(分别找卖画与卖框的人)Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?15. W: Dr. Smith, this is #, those stretching exercises(伸展运动)you recommended arereally helping with my back pain. But the pills you prescribed, I think, they are giving me a headache.M: That’s not u nusual, let’s try cutting back(削减) to just one a day, all right?Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?16. W: Congratulations, Tom. I heard you got a job with the Wilson Company.M: Hmm, thanks, Pro.#, but it’s a little too soon for congratulation, al l I got so far is an interview, early next week, on Thursday.Q: What does the man imply?17. W: I’m never going to volunteer to help Janet with the party again.M: I know what you mean. We ended up doing most of the cleaning-up.Q: What can be inferred about the party?18. W: This is a pretty small room to be sharing with someone. Don’t you find it alittle crowded?M: Well, I don’t know about my roommate. But me,I’m used to being a little cramped(狭窄). I grew up with six brothers, remember?Q: What does the man mean?19. M: Excuse me, do you know what time the train to Middle Town leaves?W: You mean left？the last one was in eleven p.m. and that’s it, till tomorrow morning.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?20. M: I’m thinking about wearing a suit to the party tonight, what do you think?W: Well, I haven’t heard anything about dressing up. I bet a sweater would be fine.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?21. M: If you see your friend Julia in the next couple of days, would you mind askingher to give me a call, I was hoping she’d be able to help out with course registration next week.W: Sure, Pro.#, if I see her. She’s made herself pretty scarce lately（她最近很少出现）.Q: What does the woman mean?22. W: I’ve never seen a larger collection of this author’s books than the one herein this library. It’s impressive how many she managed to write in her lifetime.M: Yeah, actually a lot more than even this collection was suggested.Q: What does the man imply about the author’s books?23. M: My boss keeps asking me to work overtime but I always said no because I don’twanna jeopardize（影响、危害）my studies, but I’m starting to waver(动摇).W: I wouldn’t give in if I were you.Q: What does the woman mean?24. M: What’s keeping Kevin? He said last night he’d meet us here by 2 o’clock andit’s already 2:30.W: It’s so typical of him, isn’t it? Just watch, he’s going to show up in 5 minutes with some wild（不着边际的）excuse.Q: What does the woman mean?25. W: Wow, are all those books you’ve got there required for the modern Europeanhistory class?M: No, a lot of these are listed are optional, but you know me, when I do something,I do it 200 percent.Q: What does the man mean?26. M: Let’s go to a movie after dinner.W: That’s attempting. However, the tennis tournament is tomorrow, and I need to get in a short practice session tonight.Q: What will the woman probably do this evening?27. M: I just got this car and already it’s falling apart. First, one of the door handlesfell off and now the inside light won’t go on when you open the door.W: Hey, what’s the big deal? Falling apart is when your car needs a new engine, like mine does.Q: What does the woman imply?28. M: Oh, Mrs. Wilson, now the classes are starting again and I could probably keepworking at the front desk here if you are willing to give me a flexible schedule and let me come in and work between classes, I really would like to stay.W: And we’d like that too, trouble is, that means the front desk won’t no way be covered and well, the hotel just can’t operate that way.Q: What does the woman mean?29. W: You didn’t care for the movie, did you?M: You can say that again.Q: What does the man mean?30. M: That grade on my philosophy paper? It really took me by surprise, you know Iwork hard in everything, but I never thought I get such a high grade, I mean, she actually gave me an A.W: We’ll look Pro. Li as fair, but, I wouldn’t call her overtly charitable, so you really have yourself to thank.（我们认为李教授很公正，但他不会过分慷慨，所以这这个成绩是你自己努力的结果）Q: What does the woman mean?Part B31-35M: We are almost finished. Could u hand me the white pepper?W: Why white pepper and not black? Aren’t they the same thing?M: Well, they are from the same plant, but white pepper is milder. I usually preferit, it has a more subtle flavor.W: How? If they’re from the same plant?M: Well. It sort of depends on ho w ripe it is when it’s picked. You sure ask a lot of questions.W: That’s because u have all the answers. Did u learn about this stuff in cooking school? M: Yeah, we study all kinds of herbs and spices.W: So go on. It’s interesting. How do we get black pepper done?M: Eh. Well, the pepper corn is actually a fruit. It grows on vine, and it’s not really black or white. It turns from green to yellow to red as it ripens. For black pepper, u pick it when it’s still a little immature（注意读音）, and then dry.W: Drying darkens it?M: Well, the skin turns dark as it dries.W: Does that means white pepper is pepper without the skin.M: Exactly. It is put to dry in the sun after the skin is rubbed off. It’s also mature a little longer than black pepper.W: So they do all that just to get a milder pepper corn?M: Right, and for special reason. Some chefs like the idea that he keeps white sources white.W: This green pepper corns are interesting. I never see them before.M: Green pepper has a very distinctive flavor. Some people really like it.W: So it must be picked really young.M: Right. It’s not sun dried. It’s e ither put in a liquid or a freeze dry to keep the color.W: Well, u r quite the pepper expert, aren’t u?M: Oh, a good chef gets to know about spices.W: I’ll be judge of t hat. Let me taste. Hmm, u pass.Q 31: What r the speakers mainly discussing?Q 32: How did the man learn about pepper?Q 33: What happens to black pepper after it’s picked?Q 34: According to this man, why some cooks prefer white pepper?Q 35: Why the woman tells the man he passes?36-38M: I didn’t see u in creative writing class toda y. What happened?W: Oh, just a dentist appointment. That’s all. Say, did we get a new assignment for next weekM: Yeah. A really interesting one, actually. We’re supposed to write a short story that has some sort of limitation or, or, constraints imposed on it.W: What do you mean? Like rhyming in a Poem?M: Well, t hat’s the idea. But what we write has to be prose, as post poetry. Just makinga rhyme would be too easy, I guess. I think Prof. ### really wants to challengeourselves, to put our creativity to the test.W: Well, did she give any sort of hints about what she has in mind?M: No really, but I may have an idea the kind of thing she’s looking for. I just finished reading a really strange book by some French guy. He wrote a whole thing without ever using a letter e.W: A whole book without a single e? How’s that possible? But, wait a minute. I didn’t know u could read French.M: I can’t. I read the English translation. But get this. There’s not one e in that either.W: No way. Think of the words u cou ldn’t use.M: I know, but that translator manages it. I got the book at home if you want to check out for yourself. What’s really amazing to me is th at leaving out the e in English has got to involve a complete different group of words and ending than in French. It’s really mind-boggling(难以置信).W: Sometime you have to show me that book. But right now I better get going the writing for next week. I have already had a couple of ideas thanks to you. And I think I just might be able to work on it meant to something interesting.Q 36: What is the students’ assignment to write?Q 37: Why did the man mention a book by a French author?Q 38: What the point does the man make about the letter?Part C39-42We only have a few minutes left so I’d like to go over a couple of points before we move on. Remember that, although there are both horizontal and vertical movements in air. The term wind applies only to horizontal movements. And more air is involved in horizontal movements than Vertical movements. And what causes the horizontal movements? Alterna tely, it’s the solar radiation, because the unequal heating of the earth than the atmosphere produces horizontal differences in air pressure. These differences set winds in motion. Essentially, winds are the nature’s way of balancing uneven distribution air pressure over the earth. Secondly, let me repeat my answer to the question we had before about wind direction. Many people get confused by what they hear in weather forecasts. We talk about wind direction i n terms of where the wind’s coming from, not whe re it’s blow ing to. There is a reason for this. To weather broadcasters, the origin of wind is more important than its destination. The winds origin helps them predict the weather. Logically, in the northern hemisphere, a north wind tends to bring cold weather, s outh wind warm weather. I haven’t forgotten vertica l movement of air, but we don’t have time today to talk about them in depth. In our n ext class then, I’ll begin by discussing updraft(上升气流) and downdraft and how they affect the wealth.I suspect most of you can guess which of the two brings warm which weather, and which brings cold.Q 39: According to the speaker, how’s the wind defined?Q 40: Why does the speaker mention solar radiation?Q 41: According to the speaker, which weather broadcast can be confusing?Q 42: What will the speaker discuss in the next class?43-46Some of the most practical lessons coming out of research in psychology are the area of memory. People ask, why can’t I remember th at term from the physical chapter or the date my library books in due? Well for a lot of people, memory may be weak, becausethey don’t use it enough. It’s like a muscle, if you don’t exercise it, it won’t stay strong. That’s why it’s impor tant to keep our mind active, to keep on learning throughout our life. We can do this by reading, playing memory games and seeking out new experiences. It’s my guess though that the lack of mental stimulation isn’t a problem for students like you. More likely, the lives u all live are so busy and stimulating that this in itself may sometime interfere with learning. Later on we will be discussing how information is recalled from memory. But, first, the information needs to be recorded, in other words, learned. And for busy people like u and me, that will be the real problem often lies. If we are distracted, or we are trying to think what we are going to do next, the incoming message just might not be getting recorded effectively. And that leads to the first tip for students who want to improve their memories. Give your full attention to the information you hope to retain. Research clearly shows the advantages of this, and also of active learning, of consciously trying to visualize a new fact, perhaps to make a mental picture, even a wildly ridiculous one, so the new fact will stick in memory. Let me illustrate that for u here a little more concretely.Q 43: What’s the talk mainly about?Q 44: What does the speaker illustrate with the example of muscle?Q 45: What does the speaker suggest students do to learn new information more effectively?Q 46: What will the speaker probably do next?47-50Today, we are going to continue our discussion of social insects, focusing on the Argentine(阿根廷的)ant, which as u might guess is a species of ant that are natives to Argentina. We’ll consider what happened to this type of ant after some members of the species move to California from their original habitat. Ok, well, in Argentina, these Argentine ants behave like most ant species around the world. They fight other ants of the same species if those ants are from some other nests. But the Argentine ants living in California behave differently. Ants from different nests form a single large colony. Within this colony, there is little aggression among ants from different nests. And when they fight insects from outside their colony, the Argentine ants can quickly recruit a huge army from their network of nests. This of course gives them advantages over other ants’ species. So then, why do Argentine ants behave differently in California than they do in Argentina? Well, using genetic testing, researches found that all the Argentine ants in California were very similar genetically. You see, when the first Argentine ants came to California, their population must have been very small，and all the later generations of Argentine ants there must be descended from the same few ancestors. So they are all closely related. This discovery is important, because for most social insects, membership in a colony is based on how closely related they are genetically.Q 47: What aspect of Argentine ant is mainly discussed?Q48: What does the professor say about Argentine ants that live in Argentina?Q49: What’s the characteristic of Argentine ants in California?Q50: What did genetic testing indicate about the Argentine ants in California?。

2001年托福听力讲座文本翻译

01.141-42牧场畜牧业开始于19世纪末期的新美国西部。

当畜牧业发展时，被称为骑术表演的骑马术也在发展。

骑术表演并不总是我们今天看到的大型娱乐表演展示。

最初的骑术表演是一种小型的竞赛，开始的形式是在历史上被称为是牛仔的人们之间的一种竞争，尽管牛仔包括男士和女士。

牛仔的一个任务是把牛群从草场地引入铁路沿线的城镇，在那里牛群被装上火车。

牛仔们将演示他们所学到的骑术，作为生存的方式。

观众主要由其他的牛仔组成，他们安静地观看比赛，因为他们知道即将发生的所有事情。

骑术表演在19世纪90年代有所不同，那时组织者开始在年度农业集市…期间举办牛仔运动。

他们被骑马人的技术和马的智力所震惊。

在农村集市上的骑术表演变得如此受欢迎，以至于农场主和商人开始于集市分开，单独举办骑术表演。

组织者建造大片区域，通过要求观看者付入场费赚钱。

这种骑术表演最著名的一种仍是在怀俄明州举办的每年度的骑术表演。

它被称为FD。

然而FD不是第一个独立的骑术表演。

它是最早的年度表演，1897年以来每年举办一次。

ranch牧场经营rodeo牧人马术表演;43-46我们从生物的角度看看恐惧，并且有人问是否感觉担心是遗传的。

在老鼠身上做的实验表明在某种程度上哺乳动物确实遗传担心。

在一次研究中，例如，一群老鼠被放置在一个没有藏身地方的光照充足的敞口的盒子中。

一些老鼠绕着盒子到处走，并且显出不在乎暴露在外的样子。

但是其他的老鼠不动弹。

它们靠者一面墙不动，表明它们十分害怕。

当担心的老鼠，或你可以称它们焦虑的老鼠就像那些喜欢呆在一个地方的人一样。

当这样的老鼠不断地饲养在一起，12代左右，所有的后代就显示出相似的担心的迹象。

甚至当这一代新生的老鼠被不具有担忧特点的老鼠妈妈和其他老鼠喂养，那个老鼠张大后依然是焦虑型的。

为什么是这样呢？人们认为在动物体内的一种特殊基因会影响焦虑行为。

这些基因是于大脑中的神经细胞接收器相关联的，并且哺乳动物的整体焦虑程度很大程度上取决于是否有神经细胞接收器。

0108托福听力文字

01年8月托福听力文字Part A1. W: Tina says you won’t be able to make it to the meeting tomorrow evening.M: Yeah, sorry about that. I just found out that I have to work over time.Q: What does the man mean?2. W: Would you mind taking a picture of me in front of the fountain?M: Not at all. But I’m not sure how this camera works.Q: What will probably happen next?3. W: Oh my goodness. Your help services card is sitting right here in your file, it should have been sent out to you weeks ago. I hope you haven’t had any need for it.M: No, not yet. But it’s nice to know I have it, so I don’t need to reapply.Q: What does the man mean?4. M: Excuse me, Pro.# But I’m still confused, could you go over that last point one more time? W: Of course, that’s what I’m here for.Q: What does the woman mean?5. M: I’m sorry I made you wait. The bus was stuck in traffic and took forever to get here.W: No harm done. I was able to catch up on some reading.Q: What can be inferred about the conversation?6. M: That’s a really nice ra incoat, Lisa.W: Thanks. I like it too. If only it had a heavy line in it before I can wear it in winter too. Q: What does the woman mean?7. M: I just heard the news that Mary won the election. That must be a big disappointment for you. W: Well, actually, she probably was the best candidate this time around, and I can always run again next year.Q: What does the woman imply?8. W: Do you have your film festival schedule with you? I’d like to find out what’s playing this weekend.M: I past it on to my roommate, but there should be more in the bookstore. I can pick one up for you next time on there.Q: What does the man offer to do?9. W: My new neighbor next door is really great. She # fantastic collection of classical music, I mean dozens of composers I’ve never even heard of.M: Hmm… Just be careful Annie, a hobby like that can be contagious a nd expensive.Q: What does the man imply?10. M: The bus they are renting to take us to the museum? It’s goanna leave at ten in front of the library. So, let’s meet on the library steps before ahead, ok?W: Oh I thought I told you. I have a dentist appointment this morning so I’m going to meet up with you guys downtown at the museum, ok?Q: What does the woman imply?11. M: Gee, you have a lot of change in that ja r. Are you a coin collector?W: No, I’m just saving them for a rainy day.Q: What does the woman mean?12. W: I saw you in the lecture hall yesterday on your way out to Pro. #’s philosophy class.I was quite surprised, I couldn’t imaging you are someone interest ed in philosophy.M: I don’t know what’s so surprising, there are lots of engineering students in that class.Q: What can be inferred about the man?13. M: Did I hear that right? Out reports are due next Friday?W: Just the introduction, the rest will find out about today in class.Q: What does the woman mean?14. M: This painting would go great in my room, but they want 30 dollars for it and it’s probably mostly for the frame.W: Then why don’t you # it # separately?Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?15. W: Dr. Smith, this is #, those stretching exercises that you recommended are really helping with my back pain. But the pills you prescribed, I think, they are giving me a headache.M: That’ not unusual, let’s try cutting back two, just one a day, a ll right?Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?16. W: Congratulations, Tom. I heard you got a job with the Wilson Company.M: Hmm, thanks, Pro.#, but it’s a little too soon for congratulation, all I got so far is an interview, early next week, on Thursday.Q: What does the man imply?17. W: I’m never going to volunteer to help Janet with the party again.M: I know what you mean. We ended up doing most of the cleaning-up.Q: What can be inferred about the party?18. W: This is a pretty small room to be sharing with someone. Don’t you find it a little crowded? M: Well, I don’t know about my roommate. But me, I’m used to being a little cranes. I grew up with six brothers, remember?Q: What does the man mean?19. M: Excuse me, do you know what time the train to Middle Town leaves?W: You mean left, the last one was in eleven p.m. and that’s it, till tomorrow morning.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?20. M: I’m thinking about wearing a suit to the party tonight, what do you think?W: Well, I ha ven’t heard anything about dressing up. I bet a sweater would be fine.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?21. M: If you see your friend Julia in the next couple of days, would you mind asking her to give me a call, I was hoping she’d be able to hel p out with course registration next week.W: Sure, Pro.#, if I see her.She’s made herself pretty scarcely lately.Q: What does the woman mean?22. W: I’ve never seen a larger collection of this author’s books than the one here in this library. It’s impres sive how many she managed to write in her lifetime.M: Yeah, actually a lot more than even this collection was Seger.Q: What does the man imply about the author’s books?23. M: My boss keeps asking me to work overtime but I always said no because I don’t wanna jeopardize my studies, but I’m starting to waver.W: I wouldn’t give in if I were you.Q: What does the woman mean?24. M: What’s keeping Kevin? He said last night he’d meet us here by 2 o’clock and it’s already 2:30.W: It’s so typical of him, isn’t it? Just watch, he’s going to show up in 5 minutes with some wild excuse.Q: What does the woman mean?25. W: Woo, are all those books you’ve got there required for the modern European history class? M: No, a lot of these listed are optional, but you know me, when I do something, I do it 200 percent. Q: What does the man mean?26. M: Let’s go to a movie after dinner.W: That’s attempting. However, the tennis tournament is tomorrow, and I need to get ina short practice session tonight.Q: What will the woman probably do this evening?27. M: I just got this car and already it’s falling apart. First, one of the door handles fell off and now the inside light won’t go on when you open the door.W: Hey, what’s the big deal? Falling apart is when your car needs a new engine, like mine does. Q: What does the woman imply?28. M: Oh, Mrs. Wilson, now the classes are starting again and I could probably keep working at the front desk if you are willing to give me a flexible schedule and let me come in and work between classes, I really would like to stay.W: And we like that too, trouble is, that means the front desk won’t be covered and well, the hotel just can’t operate that way.Q: What does the woman mean?29. W: You didn’t care for the movie, did you?M: You can say that again.Q: What does the man mean?30. M: That grade on my philosophy paper? It really took me by surprise, you know I work hard in everything, but I never thought I get such a high grade, I mean, she actually gave me an A.W: We look Pro.# as scare, but, I won’t call her over-the-terrible , so you really have yourself to thank.Q: What does the woman mean?Part B31-35: listening to two friends preparing dinnerM: We are almost finished. Could u hand me the white pepper?W: Why white pepper and not black? Aren’t they the same thing?M: Well, they are from the same plant, but white pepper is milder. I usually prefer it, it has a more settle flavor.W: How? Aren’t they from the same plant?M: Well. It depends on how ripe it is when it’s fixed. You sure ly have a lot of questions,W: That’s because u have all the answers. Did u learn about this stuff in cooking school?M: Yeah, we study all kinds of herbs and spices.W: So go on. It’s interesting. How do we get black pepper done?M: Ehh. Well, the pepper corn is actually a fruit. It grows on ripe. it’s not really black or white. It turns from green to yellow to red as it ripens. For black pepper, u pick it when it’s still a little immature, and then dry.W: Dry in darkness?M: Well, the skin turns dark as it dries.W: Does that means white pepper is pepper without the skin.M: Exactly. It is put to dry in the sun after the skin is wrapped up. It’s also mature a little longer than black pepper.W: So they do all that just to get a milder pepper corn?M: Right. and for special reason. Some chefs like the idea that he keeps white sources white. W: This green pepper corns are interesting. I never see them before.M: Green pepper has a very distinctive flavor. Some people really like it.W: So it must be picked really young.M: Right. It’s not sun dry. It’s either put in a liquid or a freeze dry to keep the color.W: Well, u r quite the pepper expert, aren’t u?M: Oh, a good chef gets to know about spices.W: I’ll be judge of that. Let me taste. Hmm, u passed.Q 31: What r the speakers mainly discussing?Q 32: How did the man learn about pepper?Q 33: What happens to black pepper after it’s picked?Q 34: According to this man, why some cooks prefer white pepper?Q 35: Why the woman tells the man he passes?36-38 conversation between studentsM: I didn’t see u in creative writing class today. What happened?W: Oh, just a dentist appointment. That’s all. Say, did we get a new assignment for next week M: Yeah. A really interesting one, actually. We’re supposed to write a short story that has some sort of limitation or, or, constraints imposed on it.W: What do you mean? Like rhyming in a Poem?M: Well, that’ll be idea. But what we write has to be prose, as prose poetry. Just to make rhyme in a poem is too easy, I guess. I think Prof. ### really wants to challenge ourselves, to put our creativity to the test.W: Well, did she give any hints about what’s on her mind?M: No really, but I may have an idea the kind of thing what she’s looking for. I just finished a really strange book by some French guy. He wrote a whole book without even using a single e, W: A whole book without a single e? How’s possible? But, wait a minute. I didn’t know ucan read French.M: I can’t. I read the English translation. But get this. There’s no t one e in that either. W: No way. Think of the words u couldn’t use.M: I know, but that translator manages it. I got the book at home if you want to check out for yourself. What’s really amazing to me is that leaving e in English gonna involve a complete different group of words and ends in French. It’s really mind of #.W: Sometime you have to show me that book. But right now I better get going the writing for next week.I already have a couple of ideas thanks to you. And I think I just might be able to work on it to something interesting.Q 36: What is the students’ assignment to write?Q 37: Why did the man mention a book by a French author?Q 38: What the point does the man make about the letter?Part C39-42 listen to a lecture in geography class.We only have a few minutes left so I’d like to go over a couple of points before we move on. Remember, although there are both horizontal and vertical movements in air. The term wind applies only to horizontal movement. And more air is involved in horizontal movements than Vertical movements. And what causes the horizontal movement? Alternately, it’s the solar radiation, because the unequal heating of the earth than the atmosphere produces horizontal differences in air pressure. These differences set winds in motion. Essentially, winds are the naturest way of balancing unevendistribution air pressure over the earth. Secondly, let me repeat my answer to the question we had before about wind direction. Many people get confused by what they hear in weather forecast.We talk about wind direction In terms of where the wind’s coming from, not where it’s blow to Wind direction Good reason to this. To weather broadcasters, the origin of winds is more important than its destination. The winds origin helps them predict the weather.Logically, in the northern hemisphere, a north wind turns to bring cold wind. South wind warm weather.I haven’t forgotten vertical air we don’t have time today to talk about them in depth. In our Next class then, I’ll begin by discussing updr aft and downdraft and how they affect the wealth. I suspect most of you can guess which of the two brings warm which weather, and which brings coldQ 39: According to the speaker, how’s the wind defined?Q 40: Why does the speaker mention solar radiation?Q 41: According to the speaker, which weather broadcast can be confusing?Q 42: What will the speaker discuss in the next class?43-46 listen to part of a talk in psychology classSome of the most practical lessons coming out of research in psychology are the area of memory. People ask, why can’t I remember that term from the physical charge or the library books in due? Of a lot of people, memory may be weak, because they don’t use it enough. It’s like muscle if you don’t exercise it, it won’t get strong. That’s why it’s important to keep our mind active, to keep on learning through our life, we can do this by reading, playing memory game and seeking out #. It’s my guess though that the lack of stimulation isn’t a problem for students like you. More likely, the life u r in is so busy and stimulating that it’s itself may sometime interfere with learning. Later on I will discuss how information is recorded from memory. But, first, the information needs to be recorded, in other words, learned. And for busy people like u and me, that will be the real problem # the lines. If we are distracted, or we are trying to think what we are going to do next, the incoming message just might not be getting recorded effectively. And that leads to the first tip for students who want to improve their memories. Give your full attention to the information you hope to retain. Research clearly shows the advantages of this, and also of active learning, of consciously trying to visualize a new fact, perhaps to make a mental picture, even a wild ridiculous one, so the new fact will stick in memory. Let me illustrate that for u here a little more this evening.Q 43: What’s the talk mainly about?Q 44: What does the speaker illustrate with the example of muscle?Q 45: What does the speaker suggest students do to learn new information more effectively?Q 46: What will the speaker probably do next?47-50 Listen to part of a talk in a biology class.The professor is discussing insect behaviorToday, we are going to continue our discussion on social insects, focusing on the Argentine ants, which as u might guess is a species of ants that are natives to Argentina.We’ll consider what happened to this type of ant after some members of the species move to California from their original habitat. Ok, well, in Argentina, these Argentine ants behavelike most ant species around the world. They fight other ants of the same species if those ants are from some other nests. But the Argentine ants living in California behave differently. Ants from different nests form a single large colony. Within this colony, there is little aggression among ants from different nests. And when they fight with insects from outside their colony, the Argentine ants can quickly recruit a huge army from their network of nests. T his of course gives them advantages over other ants’ species. So then, why do Argentine ants behave differently in California than they do in Argentina? Well, using genetic testing, researches found that all the Argentine ants in California were very similar genetically. You see, when the first Argentine ants came to California, their population must have been very small and all the later generations of Argentine ants there must have descended from the same few ancestors. So they are all closely related. This discovery is important, because for most social insects, membership in a colony is based on how closely related they are genetically.Q 47: What aspect of Argentine ant is mainly discussed?。

01年8月托福听力文字

01年8月托福听力文字Part A1. W: Tina says you won’t be able to make it to the meeting tomorrow evening.1。

W:蒂娜说你不能去参加明天晚上的会议。

M: Yeah, sorry about that. I just found out that I have to work over time.M:是的,抱歉。

我刚刚发现我得加班。

Q: What does the man mean?2. W: Would you mind taking a picture of me in front of the fountain?2。

W:你介意拍一张照片,我在前面的喷泉吗?M: Not at all. But I’m not sure how this camera works.M:不客气。

但我不确定这架照相机如何工作。

Q: What will probably happen next?3. W: Oh my goodness. Your help services card is sitting right here in your file, it should have been sent out to you weeks ago. I hope you haven’t had any need for it.3。

W:哦,我的天啊。

你的帮助服务卡是在这里坐着在你的文件,它应该是几周前寄给你。

我希望你没有任何的需要。

M: No, not yet. But it’s nice to know I have it, so I don’t need to reapply.M:不,还没有。

但是很高兴知道我有它,所以我不需要再申请。

Q: What does the man mean?4. M: Excuse me, Pro. # But I’m still confused, could you go over that last point one more time? 4。

2001年8月TOEFL试题听力部分及答案

Section One: Listening ComprehensionPart A1. (A) He'll help Tina prepare for the meeting.(B) He's disappointed that he'll have to miss the meeting.(C) He often works extra hours.(D) He's afraid the meeting won't end on time.2. (A) The man will take the camera to be repaired.(B) The woman will take a picture of the man.(C) The woman will show the man how to use the camera.(D) The woman will borrow the man's camera.3. (A) He'd like to apply for a replacement card.(B) He needed to see a doctor two weeks ago.(C) He's pleased that the woman found the card.(D) He's glad he was finally able to get an appointment.4. (A) She doesn't understand the man's question(B) She doesn't have time to repeat the explanation now.(C) She doesn't mind answering questions(D) Shell return soon.5. A) The woman doesn't accept the man's apology.(B) The woman wasn't bothered by the delay.(C) The man didn't realize the woman was waiting.(D) The man waited a long time for the bus.6. (A) The coat isn't warm enough to wear in cold weather.(B) She bought the coat last winter.(C) She needs to have the coat cleaned before next winter.(D) The coat is the only warm coat she owns.7. (A) She won't be a candidate next year.(B) She doesn't believe the news.(C) The news doesn't upset her.(D) The news will disappoint Mary.8. (A) Try to find the woman's roommate.(B) Buy tickets for the film festival.(C) Give the woman a ride to the bookstore.(D) Get a schedule for the woman.9. (A) He doesn't know many composers of classical music(B) Annie might spend a lot of money on classical music.(C) He has known Annie's neighbor for many years.(D) Annie should try not to get sick.10. (A) She'll probably be late for her appointment with the dentist(B) She won't be riding with her class to the museum.(C) She'll meet the man in front of the library.(D) She forgot that her class was going to the museum11. (A) She thinks it will rain today.(B) Her hobby is collecting coins.(C) She'll change the money for the man.(D) She's keeping the money for an emergency.12. (A) He studies engineering.(B) He has only recently become interested in philosophy.(C) He wasn't at the lecture.(D) He thinks Professor Warner is a good teacher.13. (A) The reports should have been completed by today.(B) Only the first part of the report is due next Friday.(C) Some students didn't finish their reports on time.(D) Some students haven't started their reports yet.14. (A) Spend thirty dollars on the painting.(B) Sell one of his paintings.(C) Look for a less expensive painting.(D) Buy the painting without the frame.15. (A) Exercise less frequently.(B) Take less medicine each day.(C) Visit him as soon as possible.(D) Take a new kind of headache medicine.16. (A) His job starts next week.(B) He's eager to start his new job.(C) His professor was mistaken about the job.(D) He believes the job interview went well.17. (A) Janet didn't attend.(B) Janet's friends did a lot of the work.(C) The man wasn't invited.(D) It was canceled at the last minute.18. (A) He's looking for another roommate.(B) He's sharing the room with his brothers.(C) He hasn't met his roommate yet.(D) He doesn't think the room is too small.19. (A) The train to Middletown is often late.(B) The man has missed the train to Middletown.(C) The next train to Middletown leaves in eleven minutes.(D) Trains don't stop at Middletown in the evening.20. (A) Wear his suit.(B) Prepare for cold weather.(C) Find out who's going to the party.(D) Dress informally.21. (A) She's not sure she'll be seeing Julia.(B) She'll phone Julia later in the week.(C) She doesn't know Julia's phone number.(D) She doesn't think Julia knows about registration.22. (A) Most of them were written near the end of the author's lifetime.(B) Many of them aren't included in the library's collection.(C) They were all highly praised by literary critics.(D) Many readers like to collect them.23. (A) The man is a good student.(B) The man shouldn't work overtime.(C) She wishes that she had a job.(D) She doesn't want to work with the man.24. (A) She doesn't expect to meet with Kevin today.(B) She can't wait any longer for Kevin.(C) Kevin is often late.(D) Kevin has probably overslept.25. (A) The books are all required for the history course.(B) Some of the books are for courses other than history.(C) He plans to read more than just the books that are required.(D) He's worried he may not finish the required reading.26. (A) Watch a movie on television.(B) Go out to dinner with the man.(C) Go to the tennis court.(D) Play in the tournament.27. (A) She wishes she could help the man.(B) She has a bigger problem than the man has.(C) She knows a mechanic who can fix the man's car.(D) The man should buy a new car.28. (A) She's pleased the man's schedule won't change.(B) She can't offer the man a flexible schedule.(C) Whoever works at the front desk must have a flexible schedule.(D) She doesnt need anyone else to work at the front desk.29. (A) He wants the woman to repeat her question.(B) He agrees with the woman.(C) He wants to talk about the movie.(D) He wants to see the movie again.30. (A) Professor Lane is liked by her students.(B) Professor Lane never gives high grades.(C) The man deserves the grade he received.(D) The man should phone Professor Lane to thank her.PartB31. (A) How different kinds of pepper are produced.(B) Why white pepper is superior to dishes.(C) How the pepper plant is grown.(D) How various peppers are used in cooking.32. (A) He read about it in a cookbook.(B) He grows his own herbs and spices.(C) He heard about it from a friend.(D) He studied it in cooking school.33. (A) It's preserved in liquid.(B) The skin is removed.(C) It's dried in the sun.(D) It's freeze-dried.34. (A) It's more pure than other types of pepper.(B) It helps maintain the color of certa i n b l a c k p e p p e r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 3 8 " > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 3 9 " > ( C ) I t h a s a f r u i t y f l a v o r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 4 0 " > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 4 1 " > ( D ) I t ' s e a s i e r t o g r o w . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 4 2 " > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 4 3 " > 3 5 . ( A ) H e a n s w e r e d a l l h e r q u e s t i o n s c o r r e c t l y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 4 4 " > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 4 5 " > ( B ) H e r e c e i v e d a g o o d g r a d e i n c o o k i n g c l a s s . / p > p b d s f i d =" 3 4 6 " > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 4 7 " > ( C ) S h e l i k e s w h a t h e h a s j u s t c o o k e d . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 4 8 " > / p > pb d s f i d = " 3 4 9 " > ( D ) S h e ' s i m p r e s s e d w i t h h i s k n o w l e d g e / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 5 0 " > / p > p b d s f i d = "3 5 1 " > 3 6 . ( A ) A s t o r y i n p r o s e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 5 2 " > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 5 3 " > ( B ) A p o e m t h a t r h y me s . / p > p b d sf i d = " 3 5 4 " > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 5 5 " > ( C ) A t r a n s l a t i o n o f a s h o r t l i t e r a r y w o r k . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 5 6 " > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 5 7 " > ( D ) A j o u r n a l a b o u t t h e p r o c e s s o f w r i t i ng . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 5 8 " > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 5 9 " > 3 7 . ( A ) Th e c l a s s h a s b e e n a s si g n e d t o r e a d t h a n i t i s i n E n g l i s h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 6 0 " > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 6 1 " > ( B ) H e w a s a b l e t o r e a d i t i n F r e n c h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 6 2 " > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 6 3 " > ( C ) H e i s n ' t s u r e i t ' s a v a i l a b l e i n E n g l i s h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 6 4 " > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 6 5 " > ( D ) H e t h i n k s i t ' s a n e x a m p l e o f w h a t t h e w a n t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 6 6 " > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 6 7 " > 3 8 . ( A ) I t ' s p r o n o u n c e d d i f f e r e n t l y i n F r e n c h i t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 6 8 " > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 6 9 " > ( B ) T o w r i t e w i t h o u t u s i n g i t i s d i f f i c u l t b o t h i n E n g l i s h a n d i n F r e n c h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 7 0 " > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 7 1 " > ( C ) E v e r y w o r d i n t h e F r e n c h a u t h o r ' s p r o f e s s o r b o o k c o n t a i n e d i t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 7 2 " > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 7 3 " > ( D ) I t ' s c o m m o n l y u s e d i n E n g l i s h t o m a k e p o e t r y r h y m e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 7 4 " > b r b d s f i d = " 3 7 5 " > P a r t C / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 7 6 " > b r b d s f i d = " 3 7 7 " > 3 9 . ( A ) A s t h e r e s u l t o f t h e m o i s t u r e i n t h e E a r t h s a t m o s p h e r e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 7 8 " > ( B ) A s t h e r e s u l t o f t h e E a r t h s r o t a t i o n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 7 9 " > ( C ) A s t h e h o r i z o n t a l m o v e m e n t o f a i r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 8 0 " > ( D ) A s t h e v e r t i c a l m o v e m e n t o f a i r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 8 1 " > 4 0 . ( A ) I t s t h e u l t i m a t e c a u s e o f w i n d s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 8 2 " > ( B ) I t c a u s e s v e r t i c a l m o v e m e n t s o f a i r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 8 3 " > ( C ) I t r e d u c e s d i f f e r e n c e s i n a i r p r e s s u r e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 8 4 " > ( D ) I t s u s e d t o p r e d i c t w e a t h e r p a t t e r n s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 8 5 " > 4 1 . ( A ) A i r p r e s s u r e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 86 " > ( B ) T e m p e r a t u r e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 87 " > ( C ) H u m i d i t y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 38 8 " > ( D ) W i n d d i r ec t i o n . / p > p bd s f i d = " 3 8 9 " > 4 2 . ( A ) H o w w i n d s a f fe c t t e m p e r a t u r e . / p > p b d sf i d = " 3 9 0 " > ( B ) R e a s o n s f o r s u d d e n i n c r e a s e s i n w i n d . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 9 1 " > ( C ) T h e o r ig i n o f s t o r m s y s t e m s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 9 2 " > ( D ) H o w v e r t i c a l a i r m o v e m e n t i n f l u e n c e s w e a th e r . / p > p b d s fi d = " 3 9 3 " > 4 3 . ( A ) F a c t o r s t h a t a f f e c t t h e a b i l i t y t o r e m e m b e r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 9 4 " > ( B ) T h e i n f l u e n c e o f c h i l d h o o d m e m o r i e s o n a d u l t h o o d . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 9 5 " > ( C ) A p r o p o s a l f o r f u t u r e p s y c h o l o g i c a l r e s e a r c h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 9 6 " > ( D ) B e n e f i t s o f a b u s y l i f e s t y l e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 9 7 " > 4 4 . ( A ) T h e n e e d t o e x e r c i s e t h e m e m o r y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 9 8 " > ( B ) H o w t h e b r a i n d i f f e r s f r o m o t h e r b o d y t i s s u e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 9 9 " > ( C ) T h e u n c o n s c i o u s l e a r n i n g o f a p h y s i c a l a c t i v i t y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 0 0 " > ( D ) H o w n e r v e s c o n t r o l b o d y m o v e m e n t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 0 1 " > 4 5 . ( A ) R e p e a t i t a l o u d . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 0 2 " > ( B ) W r i t e i t d o w n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 0 3 " > ( C ) M a k e a m e n t a l p i c t u r e o f i t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 0 4 " > ( D ) p r a c t i c e r e c a l l i n g i t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 0 5 " > 4 6 . ( A ) A s k q u e s t i o n s a b o u t t h e a s s i g n e d r e a d i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 0 6 " > ( B ) G i v e a n e x a m p l e o f a c t i v e l e a r n i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 0 7 " > ( C ) E x p l a i n r e c e n t r e s e a r c h o n r e c a l l i n g c h i l d h o o d m e m o r i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 0 8 " > ( D ) M a k e a n a s s i g n m e n t f o r t h e n e x t c l a s s s e s s i o n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 0 9 " > 4 7 . ( A ) H o w t h e y b e h a v e t o w a r d a n t s f r o m o t h e r n e s t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 1 0 " > ( B ) W h a t t h e y u s u a l l y e a t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 1 1 " > ( C ) W h y t h e y a r e b e c o m i n g e x t i n c t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 1 2 " > ( D ) W h y t h e y w e r e b r o u g h t t o C a l i f o r n i a b r b d s f i d = " 4 1 3 " > b r b d s f i d = " 4 1 4 " > 4 8 . ( A ) T h e y p r o t e c t A r g e n t i n e a n t s t h a t l i v e i n n e i g h b o r i n g n e s t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 1 5 " > ( B ) T h e y g a t h e r f o o d w i t h A r g e n t i n e a n t s f r o m o t h e r n e s t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 1 6 " > ( C ) T h e y f i g h t A r g e n t i n e a n t s f r o m o t h e r n e s t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 1 7 " > ( D ) T h e y g e n e r a l l y b u i l d l a r g e r n e s t s t h a n o t h e r a n t s p e c i e s d o . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 1 8 " > 4 9 . ( A ) T h e y a t t a c k m e m b e r s o f t h e i r o w n n e s t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 1 9 " > ( B ) T h e y r e c r u i t a n t s f r o m o t h e r s p e c i e s i n t o t h e i r n e s t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 2 0 " > ( C ) T h e y f o r m l a r g e c o l o n i e s m a d e o f s e v e r a l n e s t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 2 1 " > ( D ) T h e y h i d e f r o m i n s e c t s t h a t a t t a c k t h e i r n e s t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 2 2 " > 5 0 . ( A ) T h e y s h a r e t h e s a m e f e w a n c e s t o r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 2 3 " > ( B ) T h e y c a n t b e d i s t i n g u i s h e d f r o m n a t i v e C a l i f o r n i a n a n t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 2 4 " > ( C ) T h e y a r e e v o l v i n g f a s t e r t h a n n a t i v e C a l i f o r n i a n a n t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 4 2 5 " > ( D ) T h e i r f u t u r e s u r v i v a l i s i n d o u b t . b r b d s f i d = " 4 2 6 " > b r b d s f i d = " 4 2 7 " > T{ Hh b r b d s f i d = "4 2 8 " > B C C C B A C D B B D A B D B C B D B D A B B C C C D B B C A D C B C A D B C A D D A A C B A C C A / p > pb d s f i d = " 4 2 9 " > / p > / d i v > d i v i d = " f l o a t _ b t n "c l a s s = " " bd s f i d = " 4 3 0 " > b u t t o n c l a s s = " f l o a t _ b t n lef t _ b t n " i d = " c o p y _ b u t t o n " d a t a - c l i p b o a r d - a c t i o n = " c o p y " d a t a - c l i p b o a r d - t a rg e t = " # c o n t e n t - t x t " o n c l i c k = " d o _ c o p y ( ) ; " b d s f i d = " 4 3 1 " > e m c l a s s = " i c o n " b d s f i d = " 4 3 2 " >。

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01年8月托福听力文字Part A1. W: Tina says you won’t be able to make it to the meeting tomorrow evening.M: Yeah, sorry about that. I just found out that I have to work over time.Q: What does the man mean?2. W: Would you mind taking a picture of me in front of the fountain?M: Not at all. But I’m not sure how this camera works.Q: What will probably happen next?3. W: Oh my goodness. Your help services card is sitting right here in your file, it should have been sent out to you weeks ago. I hope you haven’t had any need for it.M: No, not yet. But it’s nice to know I have it, so I don’t need to reapply.Q: What does the man mean?4. M: Excuse me, Pro.# But I’m still confused, could you go over that last point one more time?W: Of course, that’s what I’m here for.Q: What does the woman mean?5. M: I’m sorry I made you wait. The bus was stuck in traffic and took forever to get here.W: No harm done. I was able to catch up on some reading.Q: What can be inferred about the conversation?6. M: That’s a really nice raincoat, Lisa.W: Thanks. I like it too. If only it had a heavy lining(衬里)，so I can wear it in winter too.Q: What does the woman mean?7. M: I just heard the news that Mary won the election. That must be a big disappointment for you. W: Well, actually, she probably was the best candidate this time around, and I can always run again next year.Q: What does the woman imply?8. W: Do you have your film festival schedule with you? I’d like to find out what’s playing this weekend. M: I past it on to my roommate, but there should be more in the bookstore. I can pick one up for you next time I’m there.Q: What does the man offer to do?9. W: My new neighbor next door is really great. She’s got fantastic collection of classical music, I mean dozens of composers I’ve never even heard of.M: Hmm…Just be careful Annie, a hobby like that can be contagious（感染的）and expensive.Q: What does the man imply?10. M: The bus they are renting to take us to the museum? It’s goanna leave at ten in front of the library. So, let’s meet on the library steps before ahead, ok?W: Oh I thought I told you. I have a dentist appointment this morning so I’m going to meet up with you guys downtown at the museum, ok?Q: What does the woman imply?11. M: Gee, you have a lot of change in that jar. Are you a coin collector?W: No, I’m just saving them for a rainy day（穷困时期）.Q: What does the woman mean?12. W: I saw you in the lecture hall yesterday on your way out to Pro. #’s philosophy class. I was quite surprised, I couldn’t imaging you are someone interested in philosophy.M: I don’t know what’s so surprising, there are lots of engineering students in that class.Q: What can be inferred about the man?13. M: Did I hear that right? Our reports are due next Friday?W: Just the introduction, the rest will find out about today in class.Q: What does the woman mean?14. M: This painting would go great in my room, but they want 30 dollars for it and it’s probably mostly for the frame.W: Then why don’t you see a few sellers separately?(分别找卖画与卖框的人)Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?15. W: Dr. Smith, this is #, those stretching exercises(伸展运动) you recommended are really helping with my back pain. But the pills you prescribed, I think, they are giving me a headache.M: That’s not unusual, let’s try cutting back(削减) to just one a day, all right?Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?16. W: Congratulations, Tom. I heard you got a job with the Wilson Company.M: Hmm, thanks, Pro.#, but it’s a little too soon for congratulation, all I got so far is an interview, early next week, on Thursday.Q: What does the man imply?17. W: I’m never going to volunteer to help Janet with the party again.M: I know what you mean. We ended up doing most of the cleaning-up.Q: What can be inferred about the party?18. W: This is a pretty small room to be sharing with someone. Don’t you find it a little crowded?M: Well, I don’t know about my roommate. But me, I’m used to being a little cramped(狭窄). I grew up with six brothers, remember?Q: What does the man mean?19. M: Excuse me, do you know what time the train to Middle Town leaves?W: You mean left？ the last one was in eleven p.m. and that’s it, till tomorrow morning.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?20. M: I’m thinking about wearing a suit to the party tonight, what do you think?W: Well, I haven’t heard anything about dressing up. I bet a sweater would be fine.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?21. M: If you see your friend Julia in the next couple of days, would you mind asking her to give me a call,I was hoping she’d be able to help out with course registration next week.W: Sure, Pro.#, if I see her. She’s made herself pretty scarce lately（她最近很少出现）.Q: What does the woman mean?22. W: I’ve never seen a larger collection of this author’s books than the one here in this library. It’s impressive how many she managed to write in her lifetime.M: Yeah, actually a lot more than even this collection was suggested.Q: What does the man imply about the author’s books?23. M: My boss keeps asking me to work overtime but I always said no because I don’t wanna jeopardize （影响、危害）my studies, but I’m starting to waver(动摇).W: I wouldn’t give in if I were you.Q: What does the woman mean?24. M: What’s keeping Kevin? He said last night he’d meet us here by 2 o’clock and it’s already 2:30. W: It’s so typical of him, isn’t it? Just watch, he’s going to show up in 5 minutes with some wild（不着边际的）excuse.Q: What does the woman mean?25. W: Wow, are all those books you’ve got there required for the modern European history class? M: No, a lot of these are listed are optional, but you know me, when I do something, I do it 200 percent. Q: What does the man mean?26. M: Let’s go to a movie after dinner.W: That’s attempting. However, the tennis tournament is tomorrow, and I need to get in a short practice session tonight.Q: What will the woman probably do this evening?27. M: I just got this car and already it’s falling apart. First, one of the door handles fell off and now the inside light won’t go on when you open the door.W: Hey, what’s the big deal? Falling apart is when your car needs a new engine, like mine does.Q: What does the woman imply?28. M: Oh, Mrs. Wilson, now the classes are starting again and I could probably keep working at the front desk here if you are willing to give me a flexible schedule and let me come in and work between classes, I really would like to stay.W: And we’d like that too, trouble is, that means the front desk won’t no way be covered and well, the hotel just can’t operate that way.Q: What does the woman mean?29. W: You didn’t care for the movie, did you?M: You can say that again.Q: What does the man mean?30. M: That grade on my philosophy paper? It really took me by surprise, you know I work hard in everything, but I never thought I get such a high grade, I mean, she actually gave me an A.W: We’ll look Pro. Li as fair, but, I wouldn’t call her overtly charitable, so you really have yourself to thank.（我们认为李教授很公正，但他不会过分慷慨，所以这这个成绩是你自己努力的结果）Q: What does the woman mean?Part B31-35M: We are almost finished. Could u hand me the white pepper?W: Why white pepper and not black? Aren’t they the same thing?M: Well, they are from the same plant, but white pepper is milder. I usually prefer it, it has a more subtle flavor.W: How? If they’re from the same plant?M: Well. It sort of depends on how ripe it is when it’s picked. You sure ask a lot of questions.W: That’s because u have all the answers. Did u learn about this stuff in cooking school?M: Yeah, we study all kinds of herbs and spices.W: So go on. It’s interesting. How do we get black pepper done?M: Eh. Well, the pepper corn is actually a fruit. It grows on vine, and it’s not really black or white. It turns from green to yellow to red as it ripens. For black pepper, u pick it when it’s still a little immature（注意读音）, and then dry.W: Drying darkens it?M: Well, the skin turns dark as it dries.W: Does that means white pepper is pepper without the skin.M: Exactly. It is put to dry in the sun after the skin is rubbed off. It’s also mature a little longer than black pepper.W: So they do all that just to get a milder pepper corn?M: Right, and for special reason. Some chefs like the idea that he keeps white sources white.W: This green pepper corns are interesting. I never see them before.M: Green pepper has a very distinctive flavor. Some people really like it.W: So it must be picked really young.M: Right. It’s not sun dried. It’s either put in a liquid or a freeze dry to keep the color.W: Well, u r quite the pepper expert, aren’t u?M: Oh, a good chef gets to know about spices.W: I’ll be judge of that. Let me taste. Hmm, u pass.Q 31: What r the speakers mainly discussing?Q 32: How did the man learn about pepper?Q 33: What happens to black pepper after it’s picked?Q 34: According to this man, why some cooks prefer white pepper?Q 35: Why the woman tells the man he passes?36-38M: I didn’t see u in creative writing class today. What happened?W: Oh, just a dentist appointment. That’s all. Say, did we get a new assignment for next weekM: Yeah. A really interesting one, actually. We’re supposed to write a short story that has some sort of limitation or, or, constraints imposed on it.W: What do you mean? Like rhyming in a Poem?M: Well, that’s the idea. But what we write has to be prose, as post poetry. Just making a rhyme would be too easy, I guess. I think Prof. ### really wants to challenge ourselves, to put our creativity to the test. W: Well, did she give any sort of hints about what she has in mind?M: No really, but I may have an idea the kind of thing she’s looking for. I just finished reading a really strange book by some French guy. He wrote a whole thing without ever using a letter e.W: A whole book without a single e? How’s that possible? But, wait a minute. I didn’t know u could read French.M: I can’t. I read the English translation. But get this. There’s not one e in that either.W: No way. Think of the words u couldn’t use.M: I know, but that translator manages it. I got the book at home if you want to check out for yourself. What’s really amazing to me is that leaving out the e in English has got to involve a complete different group of words and ending than in French. It’s really mind-boggling(难以置信).W: Sometime you have to show me that book. But right now I better get going the writing for next week.I have already had a couple of ideas thanks to you. And I think I just might be able to work on it meant to something interesting.Q 36: What is the students’assignment to write?Q 37: Why did the man mention a book by a French author?Q 38: What the point does the man make about the letter?Part C39-42We only have a few minutes left so I’d like to go over a couple of points before we move on. Remember that, although there are both horizontal and vertical movements in air. The term wind applies only to horizontal movements. And more air is involved in horizontal movements than Vertical movements. And what causes the horizontal movements? Alternately, it’s the solar radiation, because the unequal heating of the earth than the atmosphere produces horizontal differences in air pressure. These differences set winds in motion. Essentially, winds are the nature’s way of balancing uneven distribution air pressure over the earth. Secondly, let me repeat my answer to the question we had before about wind direction. Many people get confused by what they hear in weather forecasts. We talk about wind direction in terms of where the wind’s coming from, not where it’s blowing to. There is a reason for this. To weather broadcasters, the origin of wind is more important than its destination. The winds origin helps them predict the weather. Logically, in the northern hemisphere, a north wind tends to bring cold weather, south wind warm weather. I haven’t forgotten vertical movement of air, but we don’t have time today to talk about them in depth. In our next class then, I’ll begin by discussing updraft(上升气流) and downdraft and how they affect the wealth. I suspect most of you can guess which of the two brings warm which weather, and which brings cold.Q 39: According to the speaker, how’s the wind defined?Q 40: Why does the speaker mention solar radiation?Q 41: According to the speaker, which weather broadcast can be confusing?Q 42: What will the speaker discuss in the next class?43-46Some of the most practical lessons coming out of research in psychology are the area of memory. People ask, why can’t I remember that term from the physical chapter or the date my library books in due? Well for a lot of people, memory may be weak, because they don’t use it enough. It’s like a muscle, if you don’t exercise it, it won’t stay strong. That’s why it’s important to keep our mind active, to keep on learning throughout our life. We can do this by reading, playing memory games and seeking out new experiences. It’s my guess though that the lack of mental stimulation isn’t a problem for students like you. More likely, the lives u all live are so busy and stimulating that this in itself may sometime interfere with learning. Later on we will be discussing how information is recalled from memory. But, first, the information needs to be recorded, in other words, learned. And for busy people like u and me, that will be the real problem often lies. If we are distracted, or we are trying to think what we are going to do next, the incoming message just might not be getting recorded effectively. And that leads to the first tip for students who want to improve their memories. Give your full attention to the information you hope to retain. Research clearly shows the advantages of this, and also of active learning, of consciously trying to visualize a new fact, perhaps to make a mental picture, even a wildly ridiculous one, so the new fact will stick in memory. Let me illustrate that for u here a little more concretely.Q 43: What’s the talk mainly about?Q 44: What does the speaker illustrate with the example of muscle?Q 45: What does the speaker suggest students do to learn new information more effectively?Q 46: What will the speaker probably do next?47-50Today, we are going to continue our discussion of social insects, focusing on the Argentine(阿根廷的) ant, which as u might guess is a species of ant that are natives to Argentina. We’ll consider what happenedto this type of ant after some members of the species move to California from their original habitat. Ok, well, in Argentina, these Argentine ants behave like most ant species around the world. They fight other ants of the same species if those ants are from some other nests. But the Argentine ants livingin California behave differently. Ants from different nests form a single large colony. Within this colony, there is little aggression among ants from different nests. And when they fight insects from outside their colony, the Argentine ants can quickly recruit a huge army from their network of nests. This of course gives them advantages over other ants’species. So then, why do Argentine ants behave differently in California than they do in Argentina? Well, using genetic testing, researches found that all the Argentine ants in California were very similar genetically. You see, when the first Argentine ants came to California, their population must have been very small， and all the later generations of Argentine ants there must be descended from the same few ancestors. So they are all closely related. This discovery is important, because for most social insects, membership in a colony is based on how closely related they are genetically.Q 47: What aspect of Argentine ant is mainly discussed?Q48: What does the professor say about Argentine ants that live in Argentina?Q49: What’s the characteristic of Argentine ants in California?Q50: What did genetic testing indicate about the Argentine ants in California?。

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