2020年职称英语考试新增文章：《理工类》第六篇
2020年职称英语考试真题(理工类A级)
2020年职称英语考试真题(理工类A级) Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but becausethe carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds wasinvestigat,ing the link between volcaniceruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed- off large numbers of animals, butall the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanicrock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more.damage they seemedto do. Hecalculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of lifethey killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, oldereruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction' ,for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked byfloods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Thosevolcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. Theglobal warmingthat followed wiped out 80 per cent of all manne genera atthe time, and it took 5million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount ofvolcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but thingsreturned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent oneshardly have an effect atall.”Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago,because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks thatolder volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted todealing with increased levels of C02.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall'sidea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points outthat the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible totell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficultto estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may notnecessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.。
2020年职称英语《理工类》概括大意练习(4)
2020年职称英语《理工类》概括大意练习（4）1 Check out the io Personal Digital Pen launched by Logitech：It's a magic pen that can store everything youwrite and transfer it to your computer. And you don’t haveto lug a hand-held device along with you for it to work.12 Logitech's technology works like this：The pen writes normally,using normal ballpoint pen ink2. But while you are writing,a tiny camera inside the pen is also taking 100 snapshots per second of what you are doing3,mapping yourwriting via a patchwork of minute dots printed on the paper. All this information—the movement of your pen on thepaper,basically — is then stored digitally inside thepen,whether you are writing notes or drawing complex diagrams. You can store up to 40 pages worth of doodles in th e pen’s memory. As far as you are concerned4,you are just using a normal pen.3 It is only when you drop the pen into its PC-connected cradle that the fun begins. Special software on your PC will figure out what you have done,and begin to download any documents you have written since the last time it was there. Depending on whether you have ticked certain boxes on the special notepad,it can also tell whether the document is destined to be an e-mail,a “to do” task,or a diagram to be inserted into a word-processing document. Once the documents are downloaded you can view them,print them out or convert them to other formats.4 The io Personal Digital Pen is a neat and simplesolution to the problem of storing,sharing and retrievinghandwritten notes,as well as for handling diagrams,pictures and other non-text doodling. You don't have to carry a laptop along with you. All you have to do is just whip out the pen and the special paper and you are off5.5 It is a great product because it does not force you to work differently—walking around with a screen strapped to your arm,or carrying with you extra bits and pieces. The pen is light and works like a normal pen if you need it to,while the special notepads look and feel like notepads. The only strange looks will be from people who are curious why you are writing with a cigar.6 The io Personal Digital Pen also has potential elsewhere. FedEx6,for example,is introducing a version of the pen so that customers can fill out forms by hand — instead of punching letters into cumbersome devices. Once that datais digital more or less anything can be done with it —transferring it wirelessly to a central computer,for example,or via a hand-phone. Doctors could transmit their prescriptions direct to pharmacies,reducing fraud； policemen could send their reports back to the station,reducing paperwork.练习：1.Paragraph 2 _________.2.Paragraph 3 _________.3.Paragraph 5 _________.4.Paragraph 6 _________.A A Friendly and Convenient DeviceB Ways to Download the Stored InformationC Examples of Other Potential Applications of the Io PenD Customers' Passion for the Io PenE FedEx the First User of the Io PenF Working Principles of the Io Personal Digital Pen5.There is no need to learn how to use the io Personal Digital Pen because _________.6.If you want to download what you have done with the magic pen,_________.7.The magic pen is particularly convenient when you work away from home or office because _________.8.No matter what you write or draw,_________A you don't have to carry your laptop alongB the information will be shown digitally on the penC FedEx has special software to store your informationD it works like an ordinary penE you simply place the pen into its computer-connected cradleF the movement of your pen is recorded digitally inside the pen答案与题解：1.F 第二段介绍神奇笔的工作原理。
2020年职称英语新增文章：《理工类》第三篇
2020年职称英语新增文章：《理工类》第三篇第三篇 Common Questions about DreamsDoes everyone dream?Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth1 under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep occurs every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. 1 We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.Do people remember their dreams?A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night 一dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake.2 It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost，but for some reason it is very hard to bring it back2. If you want to remember your dream, the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.Are dreams in color?Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ： They don，t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don，t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. 3 Do dreams have meaning?Scientists continue to debate this issue.3 4 Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideasfrom dreams.How can I learn to understand my dreams?The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have, even if they come from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, thesame dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whosefavorite toy is a stuffed elephant. 5 Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will become clearer to you.词汇：vivid /'vivid/ adj.清晰的，生动的，逼真的 lid /lid/ n.眼睑(=eyelid) motive /mautiv/ n.动机 stuffed/stAft/ adj.填充的，塞满了的注释：1. back and forth：来回地，反复地。
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0517-66
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0517-661、The Threat to KiribatiThe people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth-literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. "This never happened before," say the older citizens of Kiribati.What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物) are released. These pollutants trap heat in the earth's atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川) and polar (极地的) ice caps.If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer, Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and theMarshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate-they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyone's loss. Coral formations are home to more species than any other place on earth.The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They don't have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.【单选题】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned正确答案:A答案解析:题干大意：基里巴斯人民担心也许有一天他们的国家会被一个突然的高潮卷走。
2020职称英语新增文章：理工类B级
2020职称英语新增文章：理工类B级What Is a Dream? For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mindhas no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreamsare an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions. Before modem times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way. The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams ( 1900 ), Freud wrote that dreams are an expressions of a person's wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life. The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud' s. Jung, however, had a different ideaabout dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream wasto communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On theother hand, people who dream about being heroes may learnthat they think too little of themselves. Modem-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. Acriminal, for example, might dream about crime. Dornhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age.His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop. He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of menand women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. 3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11cultures around the world, including both modem andtraditional ones. Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this： Ifyou dream that something terrible is going to occur,you shouldn't panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not thereal world.词汇：psychologist n.心理学家 psychiatrist n.精神病学家(医生) Austrian adj.奥地利的 gender n.性别注释：1.SigmundFreud西格蒙德.费洛伊德(1856-1939)，犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。
2020职称英语《理工类》阅读判断模拟题及参考答案(4)
2020职称英语《理工类》阅读判断模拟题及参考答案（4）Engineering EthicsEngineering ethics is attracting increasing interest in engineering universities throughout the nation. At Texas A&M University, evidence of this interest in professional ethics culminated in the creation of a new course in engineering ethics, as well as a project funded by1 the National Science Foundation to develop material for introducing ethical issues into required undergraduate engineering courses. A small group of faculty and administrators actively supported the growing effort at Texas ASM, yet this group must now expand to meet the needs of increasing numbers of students wishing to learn2 more about the value implications of their actions as professional engineers.The increasing concern for the value dimension3 of engineering is, at least in part, a result of the attention that the media has given to cases such as the Challenger disaster, the Kansas City Hyatt-Regency Hotel walkways collapse, and the Exxon oil spill. As a response to this concern, a new discipline, engineering ethics, is emerging. This discipline will doubtless4 take its place5 alongside such well-established fields as medical ethics, business ethics, and legal ethics.The problem presented by this development is that most engineering professors are not prepared to introduceliterature in engineering ethics into their classrooms. Theyare most comfortable with quantitative concepts6 and often do not believe they are qualified to lead class discussions on ethics. Many engineering faculty members do not think that they have the time in an already overcrowded syllabus to introduce discussions on professional ethics, or the time in their own schedules to prepare the necessary material. Hopefully, the resources presented herein will be of assistance.练习：1.Engineering ethics is a compulsory subject in every institute of science and technology in the Uniled States.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2.The number of students wishing to take the course of engineering ethics is declining at Texas A&SM University.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3.The National Science Foundation involves itselfdirectly in writing up material about ethical issues.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4.It seems that medical ethics and business ethics are more mature than engineering ethics.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5.Several engineering professors have quit from teaching to protest against the creation of a new course in engineering ethics.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6.Many engineering professors may not have time toprepare material for class discussion on professional ethics.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7.It is likely that following this introductory passage, the author will provide the necessary material related to the topic of engineering ethics.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案与题解：1.C 本文没有述及engineering ethics是一门必修课，也没有提到美国所有的理工院校都开设了这门学科。
2020年职称英语理工类考试概括大意加练习(7)
2020年职称英语理工类考试概括大意加练习(7)The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World1 Scientists recently made public the tiniest electric motor ever1 built. You could stuff hundreds of them into the period at the end of this sentence. One day a similar engine might power a tiny mechanical doctor that would travel through your body to remove your disease.2 The motor works by shuffling atoms between two molten metal droplets in a carbon nanotube. One droplet is even smaller than the other. When a small electric current is applied to the droplets, atoms slowly get out of the larger drop let and join the smaller one. The small droplet grows ― but never gets as big as the other droplet and eventually bumps into the large droplet. As they touch, the largedroplet rapidly sops up the atoms it had previously lost. This quick shift in energy produces a power stroke.23 The technique exploits the fact that surfacetension ― the tendency of atoms or molecules to resist separating ― becomes more important at small scales3. Surface tension is the same thing that allows some insects to walk on water.4 Although the amount of energy produced is small ― 20 microwatts ― it is quite impressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor4. The whole setup5 is less than 200 nanometers on a side, or hundreds of times smaller than the width of a human hair. If it could be scaled up to the size of an automobile engine6, it would be 100 million times more powerful than a Toyota Camry's 225 horsepower V6 engine.5 In 1988, Professor Richard Muller and colleagues made the first operating micromotor, which was 100 microns across7, or about the thickness of a human hair. In 2003, Zettl'sgroup created the first nanoscale motor. In 2006, they builta nanoconveyor, which moves tiny particles along like cars in a factory.6 Nanotechnology engineers try to mimic nature, building things atom-by-atom. Among other things, nanomotors could be used in optical circuits to redirect light, a process called optical switching. Futurists envision a day when nanomachines, powered by nanomotors, travel inside your body to finddisease and repair damaged cells.注释：1.ever：比以往任何时候，以前。
2020年职称英语考试理工类阅读理解(1)
2020年职称英语考试理工类阅读理解(1)In the past twenty years，there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country toanother.While some countries have restricted most__1__tolocal people，others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.This is particularly the case in the Middle East，__2__increased oil incomes have enabled many countries tocall in outsiders to improve local facilities.Thus the Middle East has attracted oil.workers __3__the U.S.A.and Europe.It has brought in workers from many countries, __4__ South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working __5__in the Middle East，it is not surprising that the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicianscall__6__ at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they Can in their own country, and this is a major __7__.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating(补偿的)advantage.For example，the __8__ living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to __9__ on each other for safety and comfort.In a similar way, many migrant workers Can save large sums of money partly because of the__10__of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely __11__ greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do routine work in their home country.One major problem which__12__ migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones.They are nearly always on__13__，so it is not easy for them to planahead with great confidence.This is to be __14__since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents.In any__15__,migrant workers accept this disadvantage，along with others，because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive.1 A cases B jobs C activities D uses2 A which B what C who D where3 A from B with C in D of4 A opposing B limiting C including D asking5 A parts B conditions C methods D clothes6 A earn B borrow C change D cost7 A role B difficulty C event D attraction8 A necessary B normal C difficult D good9 A depend B look C base D go10 A range B lack C lot D number11 A presents B accepts C takes D meets12 A invites B affects C needs D reflects13 A investment B strike C contract D duty14 A suggested B reported C indicated D expected15 A time B attempt C way D case答案解析：1.B 文章的第一句说的是：在过去的20年里有着一种持续上升的趋势，即工人从一个国家移动到另一个国家。
职称英语理工类阅读理解新增文章(含练习解析及译文)
2012年职称英语理工类新增文章2012年职称英语理工、综合和卫生教材（电子版已经发布，欢迎下载）阅读理解（6篇）第六篇Making Light of1 Sleep第十九篇Graphene's Superstrength1*第三＋八篇"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四＋五篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers" 注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章2、阅读理解3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化阅读理解第六篇Making Light of1 SleepAll we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock，your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle，called a circadian rhythm，helps control whenyou wake，when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty，something happens in the timing of the biological clock. Theclock pushes forward，so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed，your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift4 is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark5. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems，too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud6when they don't get enough sleep，says Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence，RI7 .It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock，your internal clock can be reset. In fact，it automatically resetsitself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of nightplay important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years，researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock8were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.词汇：circadian/s3:'keidiən/ adj. 昼夜节奏的，生理节奏的adolescent/ædəu'lesənt/ n．青少年；adj．青少年的puberty/ 'pju:bəti/ n．发育；青春期sync/siŋk/ n. （口语）同步；和谐，协调synchronize/'siŋkrənaiz / V.（使）同时发生；（使）同步注释：1.make light of ：轻视，不在乎。
全国职称英语等级考试试题-理工类(doc-35)
全国职称英语等级考试试题（理工类）第一部分阅读理解(75分)Passage 1CATV is a short way of saying "community antenna (天线) television." But "cable television" is the term most people use. Cable television allows viewers to receive TV programs that they cannot pick up with their regular antennas.Television signals do not follow the curve (曲线) of the earth. They travel in straight lines inall directions. Signals from a TV station move toward the horizon (水平线) and then go into space. If you live only a few miles from a station, you may not get any picture at all. CATV began in 1948. People in places far from TV stations shared the cost of putting up high antennas. A community antenna was usually placedon a hill, a mountain, or on a high tower. The antenna picked up TV signals and fed them into a small local station. From the station, thick wires called cables ran out to nearby homes. Eachperson using the cable paid a monthly charge.CATV worked well, and soon new uses were foundfor it. Local stations could feed programs into empty channels that were not in use. People along the cable could have local news, weather reports, and farm and school news at no extra charge. Today, cable television has moved into cities. It brings in extra programs that city viewers with regular antennas cannot see. It is also used in many classrooms throughout the country.1. From the first paragraph we know that ________. ○A. most people use cable television○B. "community antenna" is another name for"regular antenna"○C. a community antenna is used for cabletelevision○D. regular antennas cannot pick up TV signals programs2. Of the following, which is NOT the way TVsignals travel?○A. In a curve.○B. In a straight line.○C. In all direction.○D. Toward the horizon.3. Cable TV is becoming more and popular because _____________.○A. it is free of charge○B. it can provide more programs○C. it provides all TV users good pictures○D. TV sets with regular antennas can also havea good reception through CATV4. On the whole, this passage is about ________. ○A. how to put up high antennas○B. a way of picking up better TV programs○C. how to use the empty channels on your TV set○D. the way that TV signals are sent5. From the passage we can infer that __________. ○A. TV has begun to be used for educational purposes○B. there is no charge for CATV○C. cable TV cannot be used in mountainous areas ○D. antennas for cable TV are usually put up in the center of a communityPassage 2In earliest times, men considered lightning to be one of the great mysteries of nature. Someancient people believed that lightning and thunder were the weapons of the gods.In reality, lightning is a flow of electricity formed high above the earth. A single flash of lightning 1.6 kilometers long has enoughelectricity to light one million light bulbs.The American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, was the first to show the connection between electricity and lightning in 1752. In the same year he also built the first lightning rod.This device protects buildings from damage by lightning.Modern science has discovered that one stroke of lighting contains more than 15 million volts. A spark between a cloud and the earth may be as long as 13 kilometers, and travel at a speed of 30 million meters per second.Scientists estimate that there are about 2000 million flashes of lightning per year. Lightning hits the Empire State Building in New York City 30 to 48 times a year. In the United States along it kills an average of one person every day.The safest place to be in case of an electrical storm is in a closed car. Outside, one should go to low ground and not get under trees. Also, one should stay out of water and away from metal fences. Inside a house, people should avoid open doorways and windows and not touch wires or metal things.With lightning, it is better to be safe than sorry!6. Lightning is really __________.○A. weapon○B. electricity○C. light○D. mystery7. People once though that lightning came from __________.○A. scientists○B. ground○C. lightning rod○D. gods8. One flash of lightning can produce enough electricity for ______ bulbs.○A. 10,000○B. 1,000○C. 1,000,000○D. 1009. Benjamin Franklin ___________.○A. made the first lightning rod○B. invented electricity○C. built the Empire State Building○D. prevented Lightning from hitting cars10. _________ is the best place to be during an electrical storm.○A. Swimming pool○B. a high ground○C. Under a tree○D. A carPassage 3Because of the energy crisis, scientists in theoil-consuming nations have become increasingly interested in the potential(潜在的) of solar energy. Some experts estimate that the present supply of fossil (化石) fuel will not last until the endof the twentieth century. The problem that solar energy researchers face is how to harness (利用) the sun's energy effectively and inexpensively. One of the most popular methods currently being tested uses rooftop solar collectors and undergroundstorage tanks. An advantage of a properly working system of this type is that it will not create any environmental pollution. Another advantage of using solar energy is that the cost of thefuel-the sun's rays-is zero. When a solar heating system is working at maximum (最大的) efficiency,it can provide up to 80 percent of winterheating needs.11. The main topic of this passage is __________. ○A. the shortage of fossil fuel○B. the problems that energy researchers face○C. an environmental pollution problem○D. an inexpensive energy source12. One popular solar heating system makes use of__________.○A. roof collectors and underground storage○B. fossil fuel conversion○C. underground oil tanks○D. water collection and evaporation13. The cost of using the sun's rays for heatingis ___________.○A. about the same as the cost of fossil fuels○B. several hundred dollars per year○C. negligible compared with other energy sources○D. determined by the severity of the winter14. Which of the following describes an advantageof using solar energy?○A. There is little or no environmental pollution. ○B. A large percentage of fuel costs can be saved.○C. Fossil fuels will become more plentiful.○D. The oil-consuming nations will not have toimport oil.15. According to some experts, the supply offossil fuel will not last _______.○A. one more century○B. an indeterminable time○C. until the end of this century○D. indefinitely第二部分完成句子(25分)根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。
职称英语理工类C级-6
职称英语理工类C级-6(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第1部分：词汇选项{{/B}}(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences. （分数：1.00）A.forceB.influence √C.surpriseD.power解析：2.The workers in that factory manufacture furniture.（分数：1.00）A.promoteB.paintC.produce √D.polish解析：3.In short, I am going to live there myself.（分数：1.00）A.In other wordsB.That is to sayC.In a word √D.To be frank解析：4.I am not certain whether he will come.（分数：1.00）A.determinedB.sure √C.sorryD.glad解析：5.Norman Blarney is an artist of deep convictions.（分数：1.00）A.statementsB.beliefs √C.suggestionsD.claims解析：6.Mr. Johnson evidently regarded this as a great joke.（分数：1.00）A.readilyB.casuallyC.obviously √D.simply解析：7.I had some difficulty in carrying out the plan.（分数：1.00）A.makingB.keepingC.changingD.implementing √解析：8.Can you follow the plot so far?（分数：1.00）A.changeB.investigateC.writeD.understand √解析：9.Please do not hesitate to call me if I can be of further assistance.（分数：1.00）A.contact √B.seeC.helpD.touch解析：10.Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.（分数：1.00）A.physical √B.mentalC.naturalD.hard解析：11.We all think that Mary's husband is a very boring person,（分数：1.00）A.shyB.stupidC.dull √D.selfish解析：12.She seemed to have detected some anger in his voice.（分数：1.00）A.noticed √B.heardC.realizedD.got解析：13.He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct. （分数：1.00）A.styleB.behavior √C.modeD.attitude解析：14.14 In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.（分数：1.00）A.result √B.judgmentC.decisionD.event解析：15.They only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.（分数：1.00）rgeB.totalC.small √D.similar解析：二、{{B}}第2部分：阅读判断{{/B}}(总题数：7，分数：7.00)16.The heat released by burning oil and coal is the direct cause of global warming.（分数：1.00）A.A. RightB.B. Wrong√C.C. Not mentioned解析：17.The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long, history of civilization.（分数：1.00）A.A. RightB.B. WrongC.C. Not mentioned√解析：18.Scientists are not sure how serious the effects of global warming will be.（分数：1.00）A.A. RightB.B. Wrong√C.C. Not mentioned解析：19.The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substantial about-the problem of global warming.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right√B.B. WrongC.C. Not mentioned解析：20.The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right√B.B. WrongC.C. Not mentioned解析：21.High tides used to attack Kiribati when there was strong wind or heavy rain.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right√B.B. WrongC.C. Not mentioned解析：22.Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution.（分数：1.00）A.A. RightB.B. WrongC.C. Not mentioned√解析：三、{{B}}第3部分：概括大意与完成句子{{/B}}(总题数：8，分数：8.00)23.Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：24.Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：25.Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：26.Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）解析：27.Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are 1.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：28.Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because 1.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：29.One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume 1.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）解析：30.It is claimed that introducing robots is 1.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：四、{{B}}第4部分：阅读理解{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：15.00)31.Astronomers are particularly interested in Eta Carinae because （分数：3.00）A.it is in its final stage. √B.it is a supernova.C.it exploded in 1987.D.it is brighter than the Sun.解析：32.The word "period" in Paragraph 3 means the length of time（分数：3.00）A.over which stars vary in brightness. √B.for which Eta Carinae's brightening lasts.C.Eta Carinae takes to become a supernova.D.it takes the laser from Eta Carinae to travel to the earth.解析：33.Eta Carinae is now engaging in（分数：3.00）A.some very common behaviour.B.some very dull behaviour.C.some very frightening behaviour,D.some very strange behaviour. √解析：34.Eta Carinae is hard to observe because（分数：3.00）A.it is too far away.B.there is too much dust and gas around it. √C.the binoculars are not powerful enough.D.it does not send out infrared light.解析：35.Which of the following statements about Eta Carinae is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.It will end up as a supernova.B.It can be seen only through binoculars.C.It is the only star that sends out an ultraviolet laser. √D.Its ultraviolet laser is brighter than that of the Sun.解析：五、{{B}}第二篇{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：15.00)36."Some" in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to（分数：3.00）A.some cocoa trees.B.some chocolate drinks.C.some shops. √D.some South American Indians.解析：37.According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years? （分数：3.00）A.Food. √B.Clothing.C.Ideology.nguage.解析：38.Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.One third of the world's population drinks coffee.B.Coffee is native to Colombia. √C.Coffee can keep one awake.D.Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.解析：39.Which country is the largest coffee producer?（分数：3.00）A.Brazil. √B.Colombia.C.Ethiopia.D.Egypt.解析：40.Thousands of Irish people starved during the "Potato Famine" because（分数：3.00）A.they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything else.B.they were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.C.the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoes.D.the potato harvest was bad. √解析：六、{{B}}第三篇{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：15.00)41.We learn from the passage that the London & Blackwell railway（分数：3.00）A.now carries passengers to and from the docks,B.was a busy line a few years ago.ed to employ many messengers and clerks.D.was not originally a steam railway. √解析：42.The passage tells us that London's first Light Rail System（分数：3.00）A.was constructed in the nineteenth century.B.will be finished in three years' time.C.follows some of the original lines. √D.took three years longer than expected to complete.解析：43.The trains on the DLR are controlled by（分数：3.00）A.an on-board central computer. √B.a computer engineer on board.C.two-way radios operated by the drivers.D.a computer center based somewhere along the line.解析：44.It appears that the Poplar to Stratford section of the DLR route was originally developed to （分数：3.00）A.promote travel in the Midlands.B.encourage trade with the North of England.C.create employment.D.make the transport of goods easier. √解析：45."This line" in Paragraph 3 refers to（分数：3.00）A.the line from the Tower Gateway Station to Poplar.B.the line from Poplar to Island Gardens.C.the Millwall Extension Railway. √D.the line from, Poplar to Stratford.解析：七、{{B}}第5部分：补全短文{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：10.00)填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：八、{{B}}第6部分：完形填空{{/B}}(总题数：15，分数：15.00)A.unlikelyB.uncertainC.great √D.little解析：A.change √B.cureC.demandD.set解析：A.processes √B.producesC.takesD.refuses解析：A.formB.affectC.createD.determine √解析：A.developed √B.boughtC.discoveredD.sent解析：A.toB.alongC.by √D.with解析：A.slowB.deafC.blind √me解析：A.lifeB.way √C.methodD.skill解析：A.closeB.wide √C.smallD.high解析：A.describeB.demandC.considerD.indicate √解析：A.watchedB.madeC.learntD.heard √解析：A.acceptedB.based √C.keptD.focused 解析：A.took √B.spentedD.had解析：A.featureB.qualityC.diagramD.source √解析：A.but √B.evenC.soD.if解析：。
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0517-21
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0517-211、BudgetA budget is a spending plan. It can help you spend money wisely. It can do this by cutting out wasteful spending. Of course, preparing a budget takes planning, and following a budget takes will power. Your budget should meet your family's needs and income.The first step in creating a budget is to set your goals. What does your family need and wants. You must know this to work out the details of the budget. Keep goals realistic, in terms of income available. Then decide which goals are the most important.The next step is estimating family income. Before you can plan wisely, you need to know how much money you have to spend! Write down all the money you expect to receive (wages, savings, interest, etc.) during the planned budget period.After you have calculated how much money will be available, itis time to estimate expenses. List all of your family expenses.If you are not satisfied with what you got for your money, look carefully at your spending. Studying your records will show where overspending has occurred. It will also point out poor buying habits.It is also a good idea to set aside a small amount of money for emergencies. Every family has small emergencies: a blown tire, a broken device, or the need for minor medical care.The writer suggests that it is a good idea to set aside some money because____.【单选题】A.you probably will not be able to follow your budgetB.people usually spend more than they plan to doC.things can happen unexpectedlyD.others may want to borrow some money from you正确答案:C答案解析:从原文最后的“It is also a good idea to set aside a small amount of money for emergencies. Every family has small emergencies”可以知道，每个家庭都会有一些意外情况发生，所以有必要准备一小笔资金作为备用金。
2020职称英语考试《理工类》C级阅读理解练习题(1)
2020职称英语考试《理工类》C级阅读理解练习题（1）The Need to RememberSome people say they have no memory at all："I just can't remember a thing!" But of course we all have a memory.Our memory tells us who we are.Our memory helps us to make use in the present of what we have learnt in the past.In fact we have different types of memory.For example,our visual memory helps us recall facts and places.Some people have such a strong visual memory,they can remember exactly what they have seen,for example,pages of a book,as a complete picture.Our verbal（言语的）memory helps us remember words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written：items of a shopping list,a chemical formula,dates,or a recipe.With our emotional（情感的）memory,we recall situations or places where we had strong feelings.perhaps of happiness or unhappiness.We also have special memories forsmell,taste,touch and sound,and for performing physical movements.We have two ways of storing any of these memories.Our short-term memory stores items for up to thirty seconds-enough to remember a telephone number while we dial.Our long-term memory,On the other hand,may store items for alifetime.Older people in fact have a much better long-term memory than short-term.They may forget what they have doneonly a few hours ago,but have the clearest remembrance（记忆）of when they were very young.Psychologists tell us that we only remember a few facts about our past,and that we invent the rest.It is as though we remember only the outline of a story.We then make up the details.We often do this in the way we want to rememberthem,usually so that we appear as the heroes of our own past-or maybe victims needing sympathy（同情）.16 Visual memory helps us recall a place we have been to.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 Visual memory may be used when we read a story.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 Verbal memory helps us read words we have never heard.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 Emotional memory is used when we perform physical movements.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 Animals do not have a long-term memory.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 Long-term memory is more important than short-term memory.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 Generally we remember only a few facts about the past.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned参考答案：16.A l7.A l8.B l9.B 20.C 21.C 22.A。
2020职称英语理工新增文章
Common Questions about DreamsDoes everyone dream?Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep occurs every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. ___1___ We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid. Do people remember their dreams?A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night —dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. ___2___ It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring it back. If you want to remember your dream，the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.Are dreams in color?Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ：They don’t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. ___3___Do dreams have meaning?Scientists continue to debate this issue. ___4___ Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.How can I learn to understand my dreams?The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have，even if they come from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whose favorite toy is a stuffed elephant. ___5___ Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will become clearer to you.词汇：vivid /'vivid/ adj. 清晰的，生动的，逼真的lid /lid/ n. 眼睑（=eyelid)motive /məutiv/ n. 动机stuffed /stʌft/ adj. 填充的，塞满了的注释：1. back and forth：来回地，反复地。
理工类职称英语新增
理工类职称英语新增 SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】第八篇What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however， think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person’s mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person’s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life. 1The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves. 2 was once a student of Freud’s. JungModern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz，believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person’s daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men’s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. Th is is not true of women’s dreams.3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream注释：1．As scientists learn more about memory, we are closing in on this tantalizing goal.随着科学家们对记忆了解增多，我们正接近这一诱人的目标。
2020年职称英语考试押题(理工类A阅读理解)
2020年职称英语考试押题（理工类A阅读理解）2020年职称英语考试押题（理工类A阅读理解）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。
请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择l个答案涂在答题卡相对应的位置上。
第一篇Motoring Technology1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.Travelling at speed has always been risky. One cutting edge area of research in motoring safety is the use ofdigital in--car assistants. They can ensure you don't miss crucial road signs or fall asleep. The use of artificial intelligence software allows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesn't distract you at a vital moment. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.Some safety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology “sees through” high-sided vehicles blocking your view.And improvements to seat belts, pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape.And alternatives to fossil-fuel based petrol, such as plant oils, are a hot area of research. Fuel cells based on hydrogen burn cleanly, and are the subject of a serious research effort.But whatever is in the fuel tank, you don't want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations, some using satellite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft. These communication systems can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help.Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road. Such jams can be analysed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyone's personal chauffeur, but their latest efforts suggest that won't be soon.3l What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents worldwide increase to a shocking rate? _________A They are developing faster electric vehicles.B They are analyzing road deaths occurring worldwide every year.C They focus their research on safety and new fuels.D They are designing fully automatic cars.32 According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen _________A because drivers fall asleepB because drivers make mistakesC because of engine failureD because of speeding33 Which of the safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage? _________A Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog.B Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles.C Improvements in seat belts, pedal controls and tyres.D Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.34 What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use satellite tracking and remote communications? _________A To prevent car thieves from getting into your car.B To call for help when one's car crashes.C To call for help when the car gets jammed in the traffic.D To track the car down when it is being stolen.35 What is true of robotic drivers? _________A It will take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practical use.B Robotic drivers are not allowed to drive on busy roads.C Robotic drivers can never replace human drivers.D Robotic drives are too expensive to use.第二篇How to ForgiveTo forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your grudge. But forgiveness ispossible－and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. “People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness,”says Frederic luskin, Ph. D., author of Forgive for Good (Harper Collins, 2002). “So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital.”So how do you start the healing? Try following these steps： Calm yourself. To defuse your anger, try a simple stress-management technique. “Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure： a beautifulscene in nature, someone you love,” laskin says. Don't wait for an apology. “Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologi zing,” luskin says. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness doesnot necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action. Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hurt gives powerto the person who caused you pain. “Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you,” luskin says. Try to see things fromthe other person's perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear－even love. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns. Don't forget to forgive yourself. “ For people, forgivin g themselves is the biggest challenge,” luskin says. “ But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don't.”36 According to the passage, which of the following statements of forgiveness is NOT true? _________A Forgiveness is easy.B Forgiveness is possible.C Forgiveness can benefit your physical and mental health.D Forgiveness is great.37 The underlined word “grudge” (Para. l) most probably means“_________”.A understandingB forgivenessC angerD jealousy38 “Take a couple of breaths and think of... someone you love” is a good way to _________.A take the control away from your offenderB see things from the other person's perspectiveC recognize the benefits of forgivenessD calm yourself39 According to luskin, you should not wait for an apology. There are several reasons EXCEPT that _________.A the person who hurt you may have no intention of apologizingB forgiveness means reconciliation with the person who hurt youC the person who hurt you may have wanted to hurt youD people just don't see things the same way40 What is the biggest challenge? _________A To have better appetite and better sleep when you are hurt by others.B To stop replaying your hurt.C To remember to forgive yourself.D To write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view.第三篇HawaiiHawaii's native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of thearchipelago's political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the Second World War and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea.The islands were annexed by the US in l898 and since then Hawaii's native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state's homeless, suffer levels of unemployment and theirlife span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives' cause a major boost be recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy with the state--as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in l978 to represent to natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious in the Ka lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in l987 and wants full, official independence from the US.But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The stateauthorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In l933, the state government paid the OHA US$l36 million in back rent on the crown land and manyofficials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.4l Hawaii's native minority refers to _________.A people of Filipino originB the Ka lahui groupC people with 50％ Hawaiian bloodD Hawaii's ethnic groups42 Which of the following statement is true of the Hawaiian natives? _________A They are the only native group without sovereignty.B Their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.C Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.D Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groupsin Hawaii.43 Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee? _________A He suggested that the native people decide for themselves.B He is leading the local independence movement.C He is Hawaii's first native governor.D He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.44 Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty? _________A The Hawaiian natives.B American Indian natives.C Office of Hawaiian Affairs.D The Ka lahui group.45 Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT _________．A more back rent on the crown landB full independence from the USC a greater autonomy within the stateD a claim on the Hawaiian crown land更多推荐：、、。
职称英语补全短文第六篇 Mobile Phones逐句翻译
第一篇Mobile Phones移动电话Mobile phones should carry a label if they proved to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist.根据一个名叫罗伯特·贝尔的科学家的观点，如果移动电话被证实是一种辐射危害的来源的话，那在上面应该贴一个标签。
And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be built until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit are scientifically evaluated, he said.而且在移动电话发射塔的电磁辐射对人体健康的长期影响有一个合乎科学的评价之前，不能建造更多的发射塔。
“Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight but we should be asking for more scientific information ."Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects low-level radiation. “没有人会在一个晚上就倒地死去，但我们还是应该寻找更多的科学论据去指出它的危害。
”罗伯特·贝尔在一次关于少量辐射对人体健康影响的会议上说。
“If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised,”he said. 1“如果移动电话被证明有危害，就应该在它上面贴一个号警告标签，直到设计出合适的隔离屏为止。
2020年职称英语考试《理工类》补全短文练习题8
2020年职称英语考试《理工类》补全短文练习题8Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to thelast._______(46) Quite the contrary, just as the cook has to undergo an intensive training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose-school work, matters of business, or purely social communication.___________(47)There are still some remote places in the world where you might find someone to do your business or social writing for you, for a fee. There are a few mangers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from._____________(48)We have to write school papers, business papers or home papers. We are constantly called on to put words to paper. It would be difficult to count the number of such words, messages, letters, and reports put to the mails or delivered by hand, but the daily figure must be enormous.__________(49) We want to arouse and hold the interest of readers. We want whatever we write to be read, from first word to last, not thrown into some “letters-to-be-read” file or into a wastepaper basket._____________(50)A But for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselves.B However, the managers may sometimes cause the writers a lot of trouble.C Any good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full-blown(成熟的)D What is more, everyone who writes expects, or at least hopes, that his writing will be read.E This is the reason we bend our efforts toward learning and practicing the skills of interesting, effective writing.F You may be sure that the greater the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more rewarding.。
2020年职称英语考试真题理工类A级阅读理解(文字版)
2020年职称英语考试真题理工类A级阅读理解(文字版)Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds wasinvestigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over thepast 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massivevolcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warmingthat followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera atthe time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no massextinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused bythe impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical. Institute in France, says that Wignall’s idea is prov ocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power ofvolcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it isdifficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.Black Holes TriggerScientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close.The black hotels gravity pullsharder on the nearest part of the star，an imbalance thatpulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours，onceit gets close enough.Scientists say this Uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star.The strain of these unbalanced forces canalso trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroythe star from within.Matthieu Brassart and Jean-PierreLuminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon，France1，carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star‘s life，as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.When the star gets close enough，the uneven forcesflatten it into a pancake shape.Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart.But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shockwaves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail，and found that even when their effects are included，the conditions favor a nuclear explo sion.“Therewill be an explosion of the star — it will be completely destroyed，” Brassart says. Although the explosionobliterates the star，it saves some of the star‘s matterfrom being devoured by the black hole.The explosion ispowerful enough to hurl mu ch of the star’s matter out of the black hole‘s reach，he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed，although at a much later stage.It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart，its matter starts swirling into the hole itself.It heats upas it does so，releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode，then they could in principle allow these events to bedetected at a much earlier stage，says Jules Hatpern ofColumbia University in New York，US2.“It may make itpossible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough，” he says.Brassart agrees.“Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays，but it‘s something that needs to bemore studied，” he says.Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos，New Mexico，US3，says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate，and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.词汇：supermassive adj.特大质量的imbalance/im5bAlEns/n.不平衡，不平衡veer/ viE/v.转向，改变方向flatten/5flAtn/v.使成扁平，夷平pancake/5pAnkeik/n.薄煎饼obliterate/E5blitEreit/v.抹去，除去，消除devour/di5vauE（r）/v.吞没；毁灭swirl/swE：l/打旋，旋动gamma rays γ 射线supernova/7sju：pE5nEuvE/n.超新星。
2020职称英语《理工类》阅读理解练习题(4)
2020职称英语《理工类》阅读理解练习题（4）Stress Level Tied to Education LevelPeople with less education suffer fewer stressfuldays,according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior.However,the study also found that when 1ess-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health.From this.researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random.Ⅵr11ere you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day,and how well you will cope with them.The research team interviewed a national sample of 1.03 1 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health.People without a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days,people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time,and people with college degrees reported stress 44 percent of the time.Less advantaged people are less healthy on a daily basis and are more likely to have downward turns in theirhealth.'"lead researcher Dr.Joseph Grzywacz,of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center,said in a prepared statement."The downward turns in health were connected with daily stressors.and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating for the less advantaged."Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why less-educated people report fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic."If something happens every day,maybe it'snot seen as a stressor"Grzywacz says."Maybe it is just 1ife."1. Stress level is closely related toA）family size.B）social status.C）body weight.D）work experience.2.The 1.03 1 adults were interviewedA）on adaily basis for 8days.B）during one of eight days.C）all by Grzywacz.D）in groups.3. Which group reported the biggest number of stressful days？ A）People without any education.B）People without high school degrees.C）People with high school degrees.D）People with college degrees.4.The less advantaged people are,the greaterA）the impact of stress on their health is.B）the effect of education on their health isC）the level of their education is.D）the degree of their health concern is.5.Less—educated people report fewer days of stress possibly becauseA）they don't want to tell the truth.B）they don't want to face the truth.C）stress is too common a factor in their life.D）their stress is more acute.答案：1. B 从文章题目便可得知,一个人的紧张水准与其受教育的水准挂钩,而受教育的水准又直接影响一个人的社会地位。
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2020年职称英语考试新增文章：《理工类》第六篇第六篇 The Apgar TestThe baby was bom at 3：36 p. m. At 3：37，she scored 4out of 10 on her first test. At 3：41，she scored 8 out of 10. The doctor was glad.Another baby, bom at 8：24 p. m.，scored 3 out of 10 onhis first test He scored 4 out of 10 on his second test. He took another test at 8：34 and scored 5. 1 He called forhelp1.These newborn babies took a test called the Apgar test. This test helps doctors diagnose problems. 2 Most babies take two tests. The first is at 1 minute after birth, and the second is at 5 minutes after birth. If a baby’s score at 5 minutes is less than 6，the baby takes another test at 10 minutes after birth.The Apgar test is not an intelligence test. It’s a test that shows a baby’s health right after it is bom. The Apgar test measures things such as a baby’s color, heart rate, and breathing. The test has five parts, and the score for eachpart can be 0，1，or 2. 3A doctor named Virginia Apgar developed the test. Apgar went to medical school at Columbia University in New YorkCity in 1929. She faced many challenges because she was the first woman in the program. However, she was one of the best students in her class. After medical school，she started treating patients2.Apgar also became a researcher in anesthesiology, a new topic in medicine at the time3. During her studies, she learned how to give patients anesthesia. 4In the 1940s，many women started to have anesthesia when they gave birth. Apgar had a question： How does anesthesia affect newborn babies? In 1949, when Apgar was a professor at Columbia’s medical school, she created her simple test. She wrote a paper about her methods in 1953. Soon after, people started using the Apgar test around the world.In her work, Apgar saw that many newborns had problems. She wanted to help these babies survive. She stopped practicing medicine in 1959，and she went back to school to get a master’s degree in public health. 5Today，the Apgar test is still used all over the world. Newborn babies don’t know it, but Virginia Apgar is a very important person in the first few minutes of their lives.词汇：diagnose /fdaiagnauz/ vt. & vi.诊断(疾病) anesthesiology /，aenis，0izi，3bd3i/ n.麻醉学called for help：需要协助，求救。
call for：需要，要求，提倡;来找(某人)，来取(某物)。
she started treating patients：她开始治疗病人。
treat sb.有三种意思，分别是“对待某人” “治疗某人”和“款待某人”。
treat作“治疗”讲，是普通用语的治疗，意义广泛，cure多用于疾病方面，heal多用于创伤或外伤方面。
at the time ：当时，在那时。
同义短语有 at that point, at that time, on the occasion。
练习：A Doctors add the scores together for the total Apgar score.B She spent the rest of her life doing research andraising money to help newborn babies.C A score of 10 is uncommon.D The doctor was worried.E They decide if a baby is normal or needs special care.F Anesthesia is a procedure that makes patients lose consciousness, so they do not feel any pain during surgery.答案与题解：1. D由第二段的前半部分可知这个婴儿三次健康测试的分数都不理想，而且最后一句提到他需要救助，说明他的情况不容乐观，所以医生应该担心。
所以，答案为D。
2. E第三段中第二句话提到这项测试协助医生诊断新生儿的问题，即医生能够根据测试结果判断新生儿的健康状况。
所以，答案为E。
3. A顺承本段倒数第二句的句意可知选项A和选项C都能够，但选项C说10分的成绩不常见，这个点由全文其他地方推断不出来。
所以，答案为A。
4. F本段第二句话最后提到阿普加学习给病人实施麻醉，而选项F讲的是麻醉是什么，正好与本段第二句话句意吻合。
所以，答案为F。
5. B本段主要讲的是阿普加协助新生儿的愿望以及她为此所做的努力，纵观六个选项符合段意的只有选项B。
所以，答案为B。
第六篇阿普加测试下午3：36, —个婴儿出生了。
3：37时，她的第一次健康测试成绩是4分(总分10分)。
3：41 时，她的成绩是8分，医生感到非常高兴。
另一天晚上8：24,另外一个婴儿出生了。
他的第一次测试成绩是3分，第二次成绩是4分。
8：34时又实行了一次测试，成绩是5分。
医生非常担心，这个婴儿需要救助。
这些新生儿实行的是一项叫作阿普加的测试。
这项测试协助医生诊断新生儿的问题，他们根据测试成绩判断新生儿是正常的还是需要特殊护理。
绝大部分的婴儿会接受两次测试。
第一次是在出生后1分钟，第二次是在出生后5分钟。
如果婴儿在第二次测试中的成绩少于6分，那他们需要在出生10分钟后再实行一次测试。
阿普加测试不是一项智力测试。
它是一项在婴儿出生后表明其健康状况的测试。
这项测试会测量诸如婴儿的皮肤颜色、心率、呼吸一类的项目，总共包括五部分，每一部分的成绩能够是0分、1分或2分。
医生把每一部分的成绩加起来就是这项测试的总分。
一位名叫弗吉尼亚阿普加的医生设计了这项测试。
1929年，阿普加去纽约的哥伦比亚大学医学院就读。
因为是这个学科里的第一位女性，使她面临了很多挑战。
不过，她却是班上的学生之一。
完成医学院的学业后，她开始给患者治疗。
阿普加还是麻醉学方面的研宄者，当时麻醉学是一项新的医学课题。
在求学过程中，她学会了如何给患者实施麻醉。
麻醉会使病人失去意识，因而他们在手术过程中不会感到任何疼20世纪40年代，很多妇女在分娩时开始使用麻醉。
但阿普加有个疑问：麻醉是如何影响新生儿的呢? 1949年，当阿普加在哥伦比亚医学院担任教授时，她创造了这项简单测试。
1953 年，她写了一篇关于该测试方法的论文。
不久之后，人们开始在世界范围内使用阿普加测试。
在工作中，阿普加发现很多新生儿都有健康问题。
她想协助这些新生儿活下来。
1959年，她中止了行医，回到学校攻读公共卫生硕士学位。
她把自己的余生都奉献给了医学研宄以及筹集资金协助新生儿。
今天，阿普加测试仍然在全世界范围内被广泛使用。
虽然新生儿们并不知道，但弗吉尼亚阿普加却是他们生命的前几分钟里非常重要的一个人。