宁夏回族自治区简介中英文

宁夏回族自治区简介中英文
宁夏回族自治区区情简介
An Overview of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
宁夏回族自治区成立于1958年，面积6.64万平方公里，2014年总人口661.5万人，其中回族人口占35.6%，是全国五个少数民族自治区之一。

辖5个地级市，22个县（市、区）。

Founded in 1958, Ningxia covers a total area of 66,400 square kilometers. The total population is 6.615 million in 2014, of which the Hui people accounts for 35.6%. It is one of the five minority autonomous regions in China. It governs five prefecture-level cities and twenty-two counties (or county-level cities, districts).
自然状况。

宁夏全境海拔1000米以上，地势南高北低，落差近1000米，呈阶梯状下降。

属典型的大陆性气候，为温带半干旱区和半湿润地区，具有春多风沙、夏少酷暑、秋凉较早、冬寒较长，雪雨稀少、日照充足、蒸发强烈等特点，年平均降水量300毫米左右。

Natural Conditions
The average altitude is over 1,000 meters, higher in its south than in its north with a stepping-down drop of nearly 1,000 meters. It is typically continental in climate as a temperate semi-arid and subhumid region, as is characterized by windy and sandy spring, short hot summer, early and cool autumn, long and cold winter, sparse snow and rain, abundant sunshine and strong evaporation. The average annual precipitation is approximately 300 millimeters.
地理区划。

在地形上分为三大板块：一是北部引黄灌区。

地势平坦，土壤肥沃，素有“塞上江南”的美誉。

二是中部干旱带。

干旱少雨，风大沙多，土地贫瘠，生存条件较差。

三是南部山区。

丘陵沟壑
林立，部分地域阴湿高寒，是国家级贫困地区之一。

Geographical Conditions
The whole region can be divided into three sections. The northern Yellow River irrigation area, featuring smooth plain and fertile soil, has long enjoyed the fame of “An Oasis in the Hinterland”. The middle arid area, dry, windy and sandy, is known for its barren land and poor living conditions. The southern mountainous area, dominated by hills and ravines, cold and humid in part, is one of the poverty stricken areas in China.
历史沿革。

宁夏是中华远古文明的发祥地之一。

早在3万年前就有人类活动，创造了旧石器晚期的“水洞沟文化”。

战国秦昭襄王三十五年（公元前272年）设北地郡。

秦始皇统一中国后，宁夏北部首次纳入中央版图。

西晋末年，匈奴人赫连勃勃建立地方政权，自号夏，宁夏属其管辖范围。

唐朝，在灵州（今宁夏灵武）设大都督府和朔方节度使。

1038年，党项族首领李元昊以宁夏为中心建立大夏国，史称西夏，定都兴庆府（今银川市）。

1227年，蒙古灭西夏后，取“安宁”之意，改名“宁夏”。

明朝设宁夏卫，清朝设宁夏府。

民国初年设朔方道，1929年成立宁夏省。

1954年宁夏省撤销并入甘肃。

1949年9月23日宁夏解放，1958年10月25日成立宁夏回族自治区，首府银川市。

Historical Evolution
Ningxia is one of the origins of Chinese civilization. About 30,000 years ago, there were human habitats already, with indications at the Shuidonggou Paleolithic Site and the Caiyuan Village Site. Zhaoxiang Emperor established the Beidi Shire in the 35th year (272 BC) of the Qin Dynasty. After Qinshihuang unified China, the northern part of Ningxia was incorporated into the Chinese territory for the first time.
堡、镇北堡、古长城）、“两文一景”（西夏文化、回族文化、塞上江南景观)，体现了深厚的文化底蕴，展示着独特的自然风光。

“塞上江南·神奇宁夏”旅游形象日益叫响，吸引着越来越多的中外游客。

Resource Advantages
Compared with other places, Ningxia boats obvious advantages in its agriculture, energy, tourism, etc, which enjoy great potential for development. Firstly, it is the agricultural advantage. Ningxia now has 16.5 million mu (15 mu=1 hectare) of arable land, or 2.8 mu per capita, ranking the second place in China; it has 7.9 million mu of arable land with the Yellow River irrigation, making it one of the 12 grain production bases in China. Furthermore, with 36.65 million mu of grassland, it is one of China’s ten biggest pastures. Secondly, it is the energy advantage. Ningxia boasts 4 billion cubic meters of usable water from the Yellow River, accounting for 7% of the total distribution water amount; it ranks the 6th in China in terms of its proven coal reserves of 46.9 billion tons, of which Ningdong coal field boasts 39.3 billion tons and is enlisted as one of China’s 14 large coal bases. It has more than 50 proven mineral resources, the potential value of natural resources per capita here is 163.59% of the national average value, ranking the 5th in China. Thirdly, it is the tourism advantage. The ancient Yellow River civilization, mysterious Western Xia history, distinct Hui customs and magnificent scenes of the desert have contributed to the diversified tourism resources here. Profound cultural foundation and unique natural beauty can be embodied and appreciated in “two mountains and one river” (the Helan Mountains, the Liupan Mountains and the Yellow River), “two sands and one
mausoleum”(the Sand Lake, the Shapotou Scenic Spot and the Western Xia Masoleum), “two strongholds and one wall”(the Jiangtaibu, the Zhenbeibu and the ancient Great Wall) and “two cultures and one scenery” (the Western Xia culture, the Hui culture and the scenery of the Oasis in the Hinterland). With the increasingly popularized tourism image of “An Oasis in the Hinterland·Magic Ningxia”, Ningxia is attracting more and more visitors from both home and abroad.
基础设施。

全区公路通车里程近2.85万公里，其中高速公路1344公里，实现了各市县1小时上高速公路的目标。

全区基本实现了行政村村村通公路、通电、通电话、通广播电视。

Infrastructure
There are about 28,500 kilometers of highways and expressways, of which 1,344 kilometers are expressways, thus reaching the goal that each county and city in this region can have access to expressways in one hour. Road, electricity, telephone, radio and television have basically covered each administrative villages throughout the region.
发展成就。

近年来，随着国家西部大开发战略深入实施，宁夏经济社会持续健康发展，经济增长连续13年超过全国平均水平，改革开放纵深推进，结构调整初见成效，城乡面貌发生显著变化，人民生活水平有较大改善。

2014年，实现地区生产总值2750亿元，增长8%；地方公共财政预算收入339.8亿元，增长10.2%；全社会固定资产投资3201亿元，增长19.4%；社会消费品零售总额673.2亿元，增长10.3%；城镇居民人均可支配收入23285元，增长8.4%；农民人均纯收入8410元，增长10.7%。

今年上半年全区地区生产总值同比增长7.4%，固定资产投资同比增长12.8%，地方公共预算收入增长
7.6%，城乡居民人均可支配收入分别增长8.2%和8.9%。

Development Achievements
In recent years, with the in-depth implementation of China’s western development strategy, Ningxia has enjoyed sound development in both economic and social fields, as its economy growth has surpassed the national average level for 13 consecutive years. The reform and opening up have been promoted in an in-depth way. The structural adjustment has shown preliminary effects. The urban and rural areas have taken on great changes and people’s livelihood has also been improved remarkably. In 2014, the region realized a GDP of 275 billion yuan, increasing by 8%; the local public financial budget revenue reached 33.98 billion yuan, growing by 10.2%. The social fixed asset investment aggregated at 320.1 billion yuan, increasing by 19.4%. The social consumption retail volume totaled 67.32 billion yuan, increasing by 10.3%. The disposable income of urban residents grew by 8.4% to 23,285 yuan, and the net income for rural residents increased by 10.7% to 8,410 yuan. The first half of this year has witnessed a year-on-year growth of 7.4% in terms of the region’s GDP, 12.8% in terms of fixed asset investment, 7.6% of local public budget revenue, 8.2% and 8.9% respectively of disposable income for urban and rural residents.
宁夏新十景简介
Introduction to the Ten Scenes of Ningxia
艾依春晓Aiyi River
艾依河工程南起青铜峡水利枢纽坝下，北至平罗县沙湖，沿途连接数十个湖泊湿地共5万余亩，于2003年开工建设，规划线路总长83公里，目前已建成48公里。

艾依河建成后在改善沟道水质、调节地下水位、提高城市防洪排水标准、保障湖泊湿地、提高水资源利用率等方面发挥了巨大作用，同时美化了人居环境，成为银川市一道亮丽的风景线。

Starting from the Qingtongxia Dam in the south and reaching the Sand Lake in Pingluo County, the Aiyi River project links dozens of wetlands and lakes covering a total area of 50,000 mu (15 mu=1 hectare). Initiated in 2003, the project has a planned route of 83
kilometers, with 48 kilometers already finished. Upon completion, the project plays a significant role in improving water quality, adjusting underground water level, upgrading the city’s capacity of flood prevention and drainage, protecting lakes and wetlands and enhancing water efficiency. Meanwhile, it stands as an embellishment to Yinchuan City’s scenery, upgrading its environment greatly.
古堡新影Zhenbeibu Film Town
镇北堡西部影城距银川市35公里，是在一个原始古堡的基础上修建的。

这里保持并利用了古堡原有的奇特、雄浑、苍凉、悲壮、残旧、衰而不败的景象，突出了它的荒凉感、黄土味及原始化、民间化的审美内涵，尽可能地保留了它特殊的审美价值，让电影艺术家们在这一片西部风光中心情尽兴地发挥他们的想象
力和创造力。

Located 35 kilometers from Yinchuan City, the Zhenbeibu Film Town was built upon the relics of an ancient fortress. It fully utilizes the original scenes of uniqueness, mightiness, desolation, solemnness,
and bleakness to preserve its distinctive features, so that the film makers can run wild their imagination and creativity amid the western scenery.
贺兰晴雪Helan Mountains
贺兰晴雪，古宁夏八景之一。

六月暑日，在景区西边沟尽头的青羊溜山巅上，蓝天晴空，白雪盖顶，这就是古宁夏八景之首的“贺兰晴雪”。

自古诗人用“满眼但知银世界，举头都是玉江山”来赞美“贺兰晴雪”胜景。

Sunlit snowy Helan Mountains tops the eight scenes of ancient Ningxia. It is comprised of azure sky and snow capped peaks of the Qingyangliu Mountain in summer. Since ancient times poets have used the verse of “a silver world as far as the eyes can see, a jade river like mountain stretching endlessly above the head”to pay
tribute to the scene.
黄河金岸Golden Banks along the Yellow River
宁夏回族自治区党委、政府提出打造“黄河金岸”，推进沿黄城市带建设的战略构想，利用沿黄地带集聚10座城市的优势，打造一个沿黄城市群，这就是“黄河金岸”。

黄河流经宁夏397公里，沿黄河两岸依次分布着银川、石嘴山、吴忠、中卫4个地级市，以及平罗、青铜峡、灵武、贺兰、永宁、中宁等县市，这10个城市占自治区43%的土地面积，集中了自治区57%的人口、80%的城镇、90%的城镇人口，创造了宁夏90%以上的GDP和财政收入。

The CPC Ningxia Committee and Ningxia People’s Government proposed the initiative of the Golden Banks along the Yellow River, aiming to build a city cluster along the Yellow River on the basis of
the current ten cities. The Yellow River flows through Ningxia for 397 kilometers, on the two banks of which dot four prefecture level cities of Yinchuan City, Shizuishan City, Wuzhong City and Zhongwei City and counties (or county level cities) of Pingluo, Qingtongxia, Lingwu, Helan, Yongning, Zhongning, etc. 43% of Ningxia’s land area, 57% of its population, 80% of its cities and 90% of its urban population are concentrated here, contributing to over 90% of Ningxia’s GDP and fiscal revenue.
回乡风情Hui Customs
宁夏回族自治区，回族人口约占全区总人口的1/3，占全国回族人口的1/5。

从平坦无垠的银川平原，到沟壑纵横的六盘山区，幽静肃穆的清真大寺宏伟壮观，民风淳朴的回回村庄散布四方，你都能感受到浓浓的民族气息。

回族人民热情好客，当你随意来到一户回族人家做客，远远就能看到主人热情洋溢的笑脸，他们会拉着你的手说“色俩目”，把你迎进屋，端出各种各样、新奇美味的清真食品让你大快朵颐，酥脆可口的馓子、色泽亮黄的油香、香辣扑鼻的羊杂
碎、肉质鲜嫩的羊羔肉，还有手抓羊肉、羊肉泡馍……。

回乡处处好风景，风情万种把客迎。

回想风情在宁夏是一道独特的风景，相信你来到宁夏，一定会流连忘返，乐而忘归。

中华回乡文化园是回乡风情和回族文化的缩影。

The Hui population accounts for one thirds of the total population of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and one fifths of China’s total amount. From the Yinchuan Plain to the Liupan Mountains, you will find magnificent mosques and villages inhabited by the Hui people, as well as a strong ethnic flavor. The Hui people are friendly and hospital. Whenever you visit their family, you will be welcomed by warm smiles and delicious halal food, such as fried dough twist, fried flour cake, stewed sheep entrails, boiled mutton, and pita bread soaked in lamb soup. The Hui customs stand as a unique scene of Ningxia, which will leave every visitor a deep impression. The Chinese Hui Culture Park is miniature of the Hui customs and culture in Ningxia.
六盘烟雨Liupan Mountains
六盘山是我国最年轻的山脉之一，素有“春去秋来无盛夏”之说。

主峰米缸山海拔2942米,登上主峰远眺,朝雾迷漫,云海苍茫。

日出云开,但见重峦叠嶂；风去雨过,满眼苍山叠翠。

1935年毛泽东同志率领中国工农红军长征到达此地,触景言志,借山抒怀,写下了光辉诗篇《清平乐六盘山》。

As one of the youngest mountain range of China, the Liupan Mountains are famous for the cool summers. On the top of the main peak Migang Mountain, which is 2,942 meters high, you will find the verdant mountains shrouded in a sea of clouds. In 1935 when Mao Zedong led the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army here, he was deeply impressed by the view and wrote the well-known poem of Liupan Mountains.
沙湖苇舟Sand Lake
公里，其中水域面积45平方公里，沙漠面积22.52平方公里。

沙湖以自然景观为主体，沙、水、苇、鸟、山五大景源有机结合，构成了独具特色的秀丽景观，是一处融江南秀色与塞外壮景于一体的“塞上明珠”。

The Sand Lake, located in Shizuishan City, Ningxia, is a 5A-class scenic spot with a total area of 80.10 square kilometers and 45 square kilometers of waters. The unique scenery of the lake is composed of sand, water, reed, bird and bining the lush southern-type fields with desert scenery, the lake is reputed as a Pearl in the Hinterland.
沙坡鸣钟Shapotou Scenic Spot
沙坡鸣钟——是中卫八景之一。

位于中卫城西，过迎水桥，驶进浩瀚无垠的腾格里沙漠；绿洲上面，是高达近百米的大沙丘，直逼黄河左岸。

在2000多米的沙堤中间，有一段坡最陡，势最险。

这就是自然奇观、"会唱歌的沙漠"--鸣沙山的"沙坡鸣钟"。

这里的沙子，一年四季都能发出一种奇妙的声音。

如果登上坡顶，顺势下滑，即刻会听到嗡嗡嗡的轰鸣。

The Shapotou Scenic Spot, located west of Zhongwei City and on the edge of the Tengger Desert, is composed of sand dunes as high as 100 meters on the northern bank of the Yellow River. In the middle of the 2,000-meter-long sand dam, there is the slope of the Mingsha Mountain which is the most steep and precipitous. Here is the scene of the singing desert, which produces a tolling sound when one slides down the slope.
神秘西夏Imperial Mausoleum of Western Xia
西夏王陵又称西夏帝陵，位于宁夏回族自治区银川市西约30公里的贺兰东麓。

是西夏王朝的皇家陵寝，在方圆53平方公里的陵区内，分布着九座帝陵，270多座陪葬墓，陵邑、祖庙遗址2处，窑址10余处，是中国现存规模最大、地面遗址最完整的帝王陵园之一。

1988年被国务院公布为全国重点文物保护单位、国家重点风景名胜区,后被评为国家AAAA景区，被世人誉为"神秘的奇迹"、"东方金字塔"。

The Imperial Mausoleum of Western Xia is located at the eastern foot of the Helan Mountains, 30 kilometers west of Yinchuan City. It is the mausoleum for the successive kings of Western Xia. Covering an area of 53 square kilometers, the mausoleum has nine imperial tombs, over 270 auxiliary tombs, two temples, and ten caves. As one of China’s largest imperial mausoleums with the best preserved ground buildings, it is listed as one of the key cultural relics under state-level protection and a 4A-class scenic spot. It is renowned as a “Mysterious Miracle” and the “Oriental Pyramid”.
水洞兵沟Shuidonggou Site
位于银川市东南19公里的水洞沟古人类文化遗址经历千万年的风沙雕蚀，鬼斧神工地般的造就了魔鬼城、旋风洞、摩天崖、卧驼岭、断云谷、怪柳沟等二十多处奇绝的“雅丹地貌”景观。

1923年，法国古生物学家德日进、桑志华在这里发现了史前文化遗址，通过发掘，出土了大量石器和动物化石，水洞沟因此而成为我国最早发现旧石器时代的古人类文化遗址。

500年前，明朝将士在水洞沟枕戈待旦，将长城、沟堑、城堡、峡谷及开凿于绝壁之上的藏兵洞共同组成了军事防御体系。

水洞沟的神奇不仅是“中国史前考古的发祥地”，而且是我国目前保存最为完整的明代长城立体军事防御体系。

1988年被国务院公布为“全国重点文物保护单位”。

The Shuidonggou Site, located 19 kilometers to the southeast of Yinchuan City, boasts over twenty spots of Yardang landform which were created after thousands of years of erosion by steady winds. In 1923 two French paleontologists, Teilhard de Chardin and Emile Licen, discovered prehistoric cultural relics here. Later a large number of stoneware and animal fossils were unearthed here, making the site the first Paleolithic one in China. 500 hundred years ago soldiers set up a military defense system here consisting of ravines, canyons, the Great Wall, fortresses, and a cave to station troops. The site is reputed as the origin of China’s prehistoric archaeology. On
the other hand it is the best preserved military defense system dating back to the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). It is listed among the key cultural relics under state-level protection in 1988.。