专业英语综述1
高中英语写作教学文献综述范文
高中英语写作教学文献综述范文Writing is an essential skill that high school students need to master in order to succeed academically and professionally. In this literature review, we will explore different approaches and strategies for teaching high school English writing.One common approach to teaching writing is the process approach, which emphasizes the stages of writing such as prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing. This approach helps students develop their ideas, organize their thoughts, and improve their writing skills. Teachers can provide feedback and guidance at each stage of the writing process to help students improve their writing.Another effective strategy for teaching writing is the use of writing prompts. Prompts can help students generate ideas, focus their writing, and practice specific writing skills. Teachers can provide different types of prompts, such as narrative, descriptive, expository, and persuasive prompts, to help students develop a variety of writing skills.In addition to teaching the writing process and using prompts, teachers can also incorporate peer feedback and revision into their writing instruction. Peer feedback allows students to receive input from their peers and learn from each other's writing. Revision helps students improve their writing by making changes based on feedback and self-reflection.Furthermore, technology can be a valuable tool for teaching writing in high school. Teachers can use online platforms and tools to provide feedback, facilitate peer collaboration, and engage students in writing activities. Technology can also help students develop digital literacy skills and explore new forms of writing, such as blogging and multimedia composition.Overall, teaching writing in high school requires a combination of approaches and strategies to help students develop their writing skills. By incorporating the writing process, prompts, peer feedback, revision, and technology into their instruction, teachers can help students become more confident and proficient writers.高中英语写作是高中学生需要掌握的基本技能，以便在学术和职业上取得成功。
英文综述小结
英文综述小结In this English summary, I will provide a comprehensive overview of the topic discussed in a 700-word essay.The essay titled "The Impact of Social Media on Society" explores the effects of social media platforms on different aspects of society. The author begins by highlighting the exponential growth of social media in recent years and how it has become an integral part of people's lives. The advancements in technology and widespread internet access have made social media platforms easily accessible to individuals around the world.One of the main impacts discussed in the essay is the effect of social media on interpersonal relationships. The author argues that while social media provides a platform for connecting with others, it has also led to a decrease in face-to-face interactions. People now rely heavily on online communication, which can lead to feelings of loneliness and isolation. The essay further explains that social media can also negatively impact relationships as it makes it easier for misunderstandings to occur and for individuals to engage in cyberbullying or harassment.Additionally, the essay addresses the influence of social media on mental health. Research has shown that excessive use of social media can contribute to anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. The constant comparison to others and the pressure to present an idealized version of oneself can have detrimental effects on individuals' mental well-being. The essay reiterates the importance of being mindful of the time spent on social media and finding a balance between the digital and physical world.Furthermore, the essay examines the role of social media in shaping political discourse and public opinion. Social media platforms have become powerful tools for spreading information and mobilizing large groups of people. However, the veracity of the information shared on these platforms is often questionable, leading to the spread of misinformation and the manipulation of public opinion. The essay emphasizes the need for critical thinking and fact-checking in the age of social media to combat the spread of fake news.Moreover, the essay delves into the commercialization of social media and its impact on consumer behavior. Social media platforms have become a valuable space for advertisers to reach their target audience. The essay argues that the constant exposure to targeted ads and influencer marketing can shape consumers' perceptions and purchasing decisions. The essay raises concerns about the potential harm of excessive consumerism and the impact it has on the environment.Lastly, the essay discusses the ethical considerations surrounding social media use. It touches upon the issue of privacy and the collection of personal data by social media platforms for targeted advertising purposes. The essay also touches upon the responsibility social media platforms have in moderating user-generated content to minimize the spread of hate speech or harmful content.In conclusion, the essay explores the multidimensional impact of social media on society. It raises concerns about the decline offace-to-face interactions, the negative effects on mental health, the spread of misinformation, the influence on consumer behavior, and the ethical considerations. The essay highlights the need for individuals to be mindful of their social media use and for societal regulations to address the issues raised.。
英语口语文献综述范文模板大全
英语口语文献综述范文模板大全1. IntroductionIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in the field of English oral communication skills among researchers and educators. The ability to effectively communicate in English is essential in today's globalized world, and oral communication is a key component of this skill. In this literature review, we will examine the current research on English oral communication skills and explore the various factors that influence the development of these skills.2. Importance of English Oral Communication SkillsEnglish oral communication skills are crucial for success in both academic and professional settings. Effective oral communication allows individuals to express their ideas, thoughts, and emotions clearly and accurately. It also enables individuals to engage in meaningful conversations, debates, and discussions with others. Additionally, good oral communication skills are essentialfor building relationships, collaborating with others, and resolving conflicts.3. Factors Influencing English Oral Communication SkillsThere are various factors that can influence the development of English oral communication skills. These factors include individual characteristics (such as motivation, self-confidence, and language proficiency), social factors (such as cultural norms and communication styles), and contextual factors (such as the learning environment and teaching methods). Researchers have found that a combination of these factors can significantly impact an individual's ability to communicate effectively in English.4. Strategies for Improving English Oral Communication SkillsThere are several strategies that can help individuals improve their English oral communication skills. These strategies include practicing speaking regularly, engaging in conversations with native speakers, listening to English audio materials, watching English videos, and participating in language exchange programs. Additionally, takinglanguage courses, attending workshops, and receiving feedback from peers and teachers can also be beneficial in enhancing oral communication skills.5. Challenges in Developing English Oral Communication SkillsDespite the importance of English oral communication skills, many individuals face challenges in developingthese skills. Some common challenges include fear of speaking in front of others, lack of vocabulary and grammar knowledge, difficulties in understanding accents and intonation, and cultural differences in communication styles. Overcoming these challenges requires patience, practice, and perseverance.6. ConclusionIn conclusion, English oral communication skills are essential for success in today's globalized world. By understanding the factors that influence the development of these skills, implementing effective strategies for improvement, and overcoming challenges, individuals can enhance their ability to communicate effectively in English. Continued research in this area is necessary to furtherexplore the complexities of oral communication and to develop innovative approaches for enhancing these skills.。
英文综述1-12分解
1.A Simulator to Analyze Creeping Locomotion of a Snake-like Robot开发模拟器去模拟机器蛇的爬行运动，其中的机器人动力学建模（关节位移和重心位的关系，单个关节受力分析）和与环境的相互作用可以认为符合库伦摩擦，用机器蛇实现了爬行动作同时也仿真出了机器蛇的爬行动作，但由一条机器蛇的关节数和关节长度等是已知的，通过调节初始角度仿真得到了最佳的爬行运动，通过实验发现机器蛇的运动由两个关节间节点的滚动产生的。
2. Control of a Snake-Like Robot in an Elastically Deformable Channel超冗余机器蛇在通过狭窄弯曲的路径，一直以来很难对其进行模拟和控制。
提出一个基于非压迫的控制方法，把一个由五个模块组成的机器蛇作为传感器通过未知曲率的泡沫通道。
开环波形在已知的路径中运动，通过改变机器蛇的角度幅值就可以控制其位置和速度。
把含有弯曲的路径加到已知的路径中时，开环波形控制无法让机器蛇向前运动。
为了使机器蛇能在未知的弯曲路径中运动，如果机器蛇进入弯曲路径就会监测到电机电流的一个误差信号，利用机器蛇运动所具有的对称性可以把某个电机的电流信号用于构造一个错误信号，这样就用一个简单的波形和仔细挑选适当的电机电流信号，把五个模块连接组成的机器蛇通过弯曲弹性路径的复杂的问题简化为单输入单输出控制问题，无需外部触觉传感器，控制器只仅仅需要机器蛇关节变化时的数据和电机的电流信号就了解弯曲的路径。
基于电机特性不断调节机器的运动波形参数，使机器蛇向前和反向运动。
从而得出机器蛇不依靠摩擦力或复杂的模型的简单控制方法，这个控制方法应用到医疗内窥镜检测技术。
3．Autonomous control of real snake-like robot using reinforcement learning传统的自主控制的机器人的强化学习会遇到学习时间长和缺乏通用性两个问题，作者认为出现这两个问题的原因不是学习算法的问题，而是忽视了现实世界的特性。
综述英文-
综述英文A Comprehensive Overview in English (2000 words)The following is a comprehensive overview of a particular topic, written in English and consisting of 2000 words.IntroductionA comprehensive overview is an in-depth analysis of a particular topic, aimed at providing readers with a detailed understanding of the subject matter. The purpose of this article is to provide readers with a comprehensive overview of a chosen topic.BodyThe chosen topic for this comprehensive overview is renewable energy. Renewable energy refers to energy that is generated from sources that are naturally replenishing, such as wind, solar, tidal, geothermal, and bio-energy. Renewable energy has become increasingly popular in recent years as a viable alternative to traditional fossil fuels, which are finite and pollutant-producing.Renewable energy has several benefits. Firstly, it is a clean and sustainable source of power that does not pollute the environment or contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Unlike traditional fossil fuels, renewable energy sources do not produce harmful by-products that can have adverse effects on the environment.Secondly, renewable energy is a cheaper alternative to traditional sources of power in the long term. While setting up renewable energy infrastructure can be expensive initially, once the installations are operational, the cost of generating energy is low compared to that of fossil fuels, which have a fluctuating price based on external factors, such as political instability and the availability of resources.Thirdly, renewable energy can help to reduce a country's dependence on foreign oil, which can have economic and political implications. With renewable energy, countries can generate their own power using locally available resources, reducing their reliance on imported oil.Renewable energy sources are diverse and can be categorized into five groups: solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and bio-energy. Solar energy captures the sun's rays and converts them into electrical power. Wind energy captures the kinetic energy of wind and converts it into power. Hydroelectric energy captures the energy from flowing water and converts it into power. Geothermal energy captures the earth's natural heat and converts it into power. Bio-energy captures the energy from organic waste products and converts it into power.Solar energy is one of the fastest-growing renewable energy sources. It is a versatile source of power that can be used for a variety of applications, from generating electricity at large-scale solar farms to powering individual homes and appliances through the use of solar panels. The main disadvantage of solar energy is that it is intermittent, meaning that it is dependent on the sun's shining, and therefore, requires energy storage solutions to draw on in times of low solar power generation.Wind energy is another rapidly growing renewable energy source. Wind turbines generate electricity from the kinetic energy of the wind. Wind turbines can be installed on land or offshore, and their power generation can be affected by weather and environmental conditions. Wind energy is most effective in areas that have consistent wind speeds and is also intermittent, requiring energy storage solutions.Hydroelectric energy is a well-established renewable energy source. It generates power by harnessing the energy of falling or flowing water. Hydroelectric power plants can be large-scale or small-scale, and their generation capacity is affected by seasonal changes in water flow. Hydroelectric energy is a reliable source of power, but its installation can have environmental impacts on aquatic life and the river system.Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source that harnesses the earth's natural heat. It is generated by drilling into the earth's crust and extracting steam and hot water to generate electricity. Geothermal energy is a reliable source of power, but its installation requires considerable investment and needs to be located near geothermal reservoirs.Bio-energy is generated from organic matter such as wood, forestry residues, municipal waste, and agricultural waste. The organic matter is burned or converted into synthetic gas, which is then used to generate electricity. Bio-energy is a versatile source of power, but its use can have environmental implications, such as deforestation and the production of greenhouse gases.Renewable energy has the potential to replace traditional fossil fuels as the primary source of power for countries. However, its deployment requires considerable investment in technology, infrastructure, and education.Governments need to incentivize the use of renewable energy sources, offer subsidies and tax credits, and provide support for research and development.ConclusionRenewable energy is a vital alternative to fossil fuels, providing a clean, sustainable source of power that is cost-effective in the long term. Its deployment has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, curb environmental damage, and decrease dependence on foreign oil. Renewable energy sources are diverse, with each having its advantages and disadvantages in terms of reliability, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. Governments play a crucial role in incentivizing the use of renewable energy and supporting research and development in renewable energy sources. With investment in renewable energy, countries can create a more sustainable and cleaner future for generations to come.。
2020年综述英文范文
综述英文范文时态：就是在各种时间条件下的不同动作状态，表现在动词的形式上。
时态-Tense1、一般现在时（the present tense）结构：主语+do / does+其他I teach English everyday.He studies English evertday.2、一般过去时（the past tense）结构：主语+did+其他I taught him English just now.I studied English in Xi'an 7 years ago.3、一般将来时（the future tense）结构：主语+will / be going to do+其他She will teach me math later.I am going to study English next year.4、过去将来时（the past future tense）结构：主语+would do+其他I knew he would teach us in the summer vocation.I said I would study English the next day.5、现在进行时（the present continuous tense）结构：主语+be doing+其他He is teaching English now.I am studying English now.6、过去进行时（the past continuous tense）结构：主语+was/were doing+其他Mum was teaching me English at this time yesterday.I was studying English when you called yesterday.7、将来进行时（the future continuous tense）结构：主语+will be doing+其他I will be teaching Englsih when my parents e tomorrow morning.I will be studying English when you arrive tonight.8、过去将来进行时（the past future continuous tense）结构：主语+would be doing+其他He said he would be teaching when you came this morning.I said I would be studying Englsih when you arrived at my home.9、现在完成时（the present perfect tense）结构：主语+have done+其他He has taught English for ten years.I have studied English in several different countries.10、过去完成时（the past perfect tense）结构：主语+had done+其他He had taught English for two yeas before he came to Shenzhen.I had studied a little English before I moved to America.11、将来完成时（the future perfect tense）结构：主语+will have done+其他He will have taught English for three years by the end of this year.I will have studied every tense by the time I finish this course.12、过去将来完成时（the past future perfect tense）结构：主语+would have done+其他A year ago, he told me he wolud have taught English for four years by the end of 2018.In the year of xx. I said I would have studied English for 10 years by xx.13、现在完成进行时（the present perfect continuous tense）结构：主语+have been doing+其他Miss Liu has been teaching English for 16 years.I have been studying English for ten years.14、过去完成进行时（the past perfect continuous tense）结构：主语+had been doing+其他He had been teaching English for 5 years since he came to this city.I had been studying English for ten years before I moved to Ameica.15、将来完成进行时（the future perfect continuous tense）I will have been teaching English for 8 years by 2018.I will have been studying English for 3 hours by the time you arrive.16、过去将来完成进行时（the past future perfect continuous tense）结构：主语+would have been doing+其他Miss Liu said she would have been teaching English for 17 years by this summer.I said by the end of the term Frieda would have been studying Englsih for 3 years.当然有用，现从以下方面说明原因：1. 俗语说，“熟能生巧”，任何一个知识，对它越是熟练，出错率越低。
国内英语任务型教学法实践研究综述
国内英语任务型教学法实践研究综述# 国内英语任务型教学法实践研究综述一、引言任务型教学法（Task - Based Language Teaching，TBLT）自引入中国以来，在英语教学领域引起了广泛的关注和实践探索。
这种教学法以任务为核心组织教学活动，强调学生在完成任务的过程中学习和运用语言知识，提高语言综合能力。
二、英语释义1. Task - Based Language Teaching- English: An approach to language teaching in which learners are engaged in activities or "tasks" that have a clear purpose and oue, with the aim of promoting language learning through meaningfulmunication.- Chinese: 任务型语言教学，一种语言教学方法，学习者参与具有明确目的和结果的活动（任务），旨在通过有意义的交际促进语言学习。
2. Task- English: A piece of work or activity that has a specific objective to be achieved, often involving language use in a real - life or simulated context.- Chinese: 任务，一项有特定目标要达成的工作或活动，通常涉及在真实或模拟语境中的语言使用。
三、短语1. task design- English: The process of creating tasks for language teaching, which includes considering the learning objectives, the target language, the learners' needs and abilities, etc.- Chinese: 任务设计，为语言教学创建任务的过程，包括考虑学习目标、目标语言、学习者的需求和能力等。
英文综述格式范文
英文综述格式范文Title: The Importance of Learning a Second Language。
Learning a second language has become increasingly important in today's globalized world. As the world becomes more interconnected, the ability to communicate in multiple languages is a valuable skill that can open up a wide range of opportunities in both personal and professional life. In this essay, we will explore the importance of learning a second language and the benefits it can bring.First and foremost, learning a second language can greatly enhance one's cognitive abilities. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals have improved problem-solving skills, better multitasking abilities, and a higher level of creativity. This is because learning a new language requires the brain to work in different ways, which can lead to improved cognitive function overall. In addition, learning a second language can also delay the onset of age-related cognitive decline, providing long-termbenefits for mental health.In addition to cognitive benefits, learning a second language can also open up a world of opportunities in terms of career and personal development. In today's globalized economy, many employers are looking for candidates who are bilingual or multilingual. Being able to communicate with clients, customers, or colleagues in their native language can give individuals a competitive edge in the job market. Furthermore, learning a second language can also lead to opportunities for international travel, cultural exchange, and personal enrichment.Moreover, learning a second language can also foster a greater sense of empathy and understanding of other cultures. Language is closely tied to culture, and by learning a new language, individuals can gain a deeper insight into the customs, traditions, and values of different societies. This can lead to greater cross-cultural understanding and the ability to connect with people from diverse backgrounds. In a world that is increasingly divided by language and cultural barriers, theability to communicate across these divides is more important than ever.Furthermore, learning a second language can also leadto improved communication skills in one's native language. As individuals become more proficient in a second language, they often develop a better understanding of grammar, vocabulary, and syntax, which can transfer over to theirfirst language. This can lead to improved writing, speaking, and listening skills, as well as a greater appreciation for the nuances of language.In conclusion, learning a second language is a valuable skill that can bring a wide range of benefits. From improved cognitive function to enhanced careeropportunities and greater cultural understanding, theability to communicate in multiple languages is an asset in today's globalized world. Whether for personal enrichmentor professional advancement, the importance of learning a second language cannot be overstated. As the worldcontinues to become more interconnected, the ability to bridge language and cultural barriers will becomeincreasingly essential. Therefore, it is important for individuals to embrace the opportunity to learn a second language and reap the many rewards that it can bring.。
专业英语综述
shownin the figureingIndustrial engineers determine the most effective ways to use the basic factors of production -- people, machines, materials, information, and energy -- to make a product or to provide a service. They are the bridge between management goals and operational performance. They are more concerned with increasing productivity through the management of people, methods of business organization, and technology than are engineers in other specialties, who generally work more with products or processes. Although most industrial engineers work in manufacturing industries, they may also work in consulting services, healthcare, and communications.Industrial engineering contains many fields,such as supply chain management,production planning and control, ergonomics, Logistics engineering.Then I will mainly introduce logistics engineering.Logistics is the time related positioning of resource or the strategic management of the total supply chain. The supply chain is a sequence of events intended to satisfy a customer. It can include procurement, manufacture, distribution, and waste disposal, together with associated transport, storage and information technology.”Logistics can be briefly described like this: "Logistics means having the right thing, at the right place, at the right time." At its heart, logistics deals with satisfying the customer. This implies that management must first understand what thoserequirements are before a logistics strategy can be developed and implemented to meet them.A logistics system can be made up of many different functional activities, some of which are described briefly below:1、Customer service is a multi-dimensional and very important part of any organization’s logistics effort.2、Inventory management deals with balancing the cost of maintaining additional products on hand against the risk of not having those items when the customer wants them.3、Transportation refers to the physical movement of goods from a point of origin to a point of consumption and can involve raw materials being brought into the production process and/or finished goods being shipped out to the customer.4、Storage and materials handling address the physical requirements of holding inventory.5、Packaging focuses on protecting the product while it is being shipped and stored.6、Information processing is what links all areas of the logistics system together.7、Demand forecasting addresses the need for accurate information on future customer needs so that the logistics system can ensure the right products and/or services are available to meet those requirements.8、Production planning can be included under logistics because manufacturing needs components and raw materials in order to make finished goods that are, in turn, demanded by a customer.9、Facility location addresses the strategic placement of warehouses, plants, and transportation resources to achieve customer service objectives and minimize cost.Among them ，Inventory is the most important 。
法学英语综述总结范文
Introduction:Legal English, as an essential language skill for law students and professionals, has gained increasing attention in recent years. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the research on Legal English, including its definition, importance, teaching methods, and future trends.Definition and Importance:Legal English refers to the specialized language used in the field of law, encompassing legal terminology, drafting skills, and communication techniques. It is crucial for law students and professionals to master Legal English due to its role in legal research, writing, and practice. Proficiency in Legal English enables individuals to effectively communicate with judges, lawyers, and clients, and to understand legal documents and cases.Teaching Methods:The teaching of Legal English has evolved over the years, with various methods being employed to enhance students' language skills. The following are some common teaching methods:1. Grammar-based approach: This method focuses on teaching legal terminology and grammatical structures commonly used in legal documents. It helps students develop a solid foundation in Legal English.2. Case study approach: This approach involves analyzing real legal cases to familiarize students with legal concepts and the language used in legal arguments. It enhances students' critical thinking and analytical skills.3. Role-playing: This method encourages students to engage in simulated legal scenarios, such as interviews, depositions, and court appearances. It helps students develop practical communication skills and gain confidence in their legal English abilities.4. Technology-based learning: The use of technology, such as e-learning platforms and online resources, has become increasingly popular in LegalEnglish teaching. These tools provide interactive learning experiences and enable students to access legal materials anytime and anywhere.5. Cultural competence: Emphasizing the importance of understanding the legal systems and cultures of different countries, legal English courses often include cultural competence training. This helps students appreciate the nuances of legal language and practice.Future Trends:The future of Legal English studies is shaped by various factors, including technological advancements, globalization, and the evolving legal landscape. Some notable trends include:1. Integration of technology: The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in legal English education will revolutionize the learning experience, providing personalized and adaptive learning resources.2. Emphasis on practical skills: The increasing focus on practical skills, such as legal research, writing, and advocacy, will continue to shape Legal English teaching methodologies.3. Globalization of legal practice: As legal practice becomes more international, the demand for legal English proficiency will grow, leading to a greater emphasis on cross-cultural communication and legal ethics.4. Continuous professional development: The concept of lifelong learning will become more prevalent in the legal field, with legal professionals being encouraged to continuously enhance their Legal English skills.Conclusion:Legal English plays a vital role in the legal profession, and its teaching and learning have undergone significant developments. This article has provided a comprehensive overview of Legal English studies, covering its definition, importance, teaching methods, and future trends. As the legal landscape continues to evolve, the importance of masteringLegal English will only grow, making it an essential skill for law students and professionals worldwide.。
英文综述结构分析
People needs in the urban landscape: Analysis ofLandscapeand Urban Planningcontributions
The articles published inLandscape and Urban Planningduring the past 16 years provide valuable insights into how humans interact withoutdoor urban environments. This review paper explores the wide spectrum of human dimensions and issues, or human needs, addressed by 90of these studies. As a basis for analysis, the major themes tapped by the findings were classified into two overarching groups containing threecategories each. The Nature needs, directly linked with the physical features of the environmental setting, were categorized in terms of contactwith nature, aesthetic preference, and recreation and play. The role of the environment is less immediate in the Human-interaction group, whichincludes the issues of social interaction, citizen participation in the design process, and community identity. Most significantly, the publicationsoffer strong support for the important role nearby natural environments play in human well-being. Urban settings that provide nature contact arevaluable not only in their own right, but also for meeting other needs in a manner unique to these more natural settings. In addition, althoughaddressed in different ways, remarkable similarities exist concerning these six people requirements across diverse cultures and political systems. Urban residents worldwide express a desire for contact with nature and each other, attractive environments, places in which to recreate and play, privacy, a more active role in the design of their community, and a sense of community identity. The studiesreviewed here offer continued evidencethat the design of urban landscapes strongly influences the well-being and behavior of users and nearby inhabitants.
学科教学英语综述文章
学科教学英语综述文章An Overview of Teaching English as a Subject.Teaching English as a subject, often referred to as English Language Arts (ELA) or simply English, is a crucial aspect of education that encompasses various dimensions of the language's use and understanding. This comprehensive approach to English education aims to equip students with the linguistic skills, cultural knowledge, and critical thinking abilities necessary for successful communication and academic pursuits.The Importance of English in Education.English, as a global language, plays a pivotal role in education. It is the language of instruction in many countries, the medium through which knowledge and ideas are transmitted across generations and across borders. English education, therefore, is not just about teaching grammar or vocabulary; it is about fostering a deep understanding ofthe language's structure, history, and cultural context.The Objectives of English Instruction.The objectives of English instruction are diverse and multifaceted. At the foundational level, it aims to instill basic literacy skills such as reading, writing, speaking, and listening. These skills are then built upon to include higher-order thinking abilities like critical analysis, argumentation, and creative expression. English teachers also strive to introduce students to a range of literary works, from classic literature to contemporary writing, to broaden their cultural horizons and enhance their appreciation of the beauty and power of language.The Role of Content Area Literacy.In recent years, the concept of "content area literacy" has emerged as an important aspect of English instruction. This approach integrates the teaching of reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills within specific content areas such as science, social studies, or history. Byembedding literacy practices within these content areas, students are able to apply their language skills to real-world situations, making learning more relevant and engaging.The Evolution of English Instruction.The teaching of English has undergone significant changes over the years, reflecting shifts in educational theory and practice. Traditional approaches focused on rote memorization and grammar-centered instruction. However, modern teaching methods emphasize active learning, collaboration, and the use of technology to engage students and foster deeper understanding. The integration ofproject-based learning, flipped classrooms, and online resources has transformed the way English is taught, making it more dynamic and inclusive.The Challenges of Teaching English.Despite its importance, teaching English can pose significant challenges. One of the main obstacles is thediverse range of student backgrounds and abilities in the classroom. Teachers must tailor their lessons to meet the needs of students with different levels of proficiency, interests, and learning styles. Additionally, the constant evolution of language and technology requires teachers to stay up-to-date with the latest research and teaching practices.The Future of English Instruction.Looking ahead, the future of English instruction appears bright yet challenging. The increasing globalization of education and the rise of digital technologies present new opportunities for teaching and learning. The integration of artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and other innovative tools offers the potential to transform the classroom experience and make learning more engaging and effective. However, these advances also bring new challenges, such as ensuring equitable access to technology and addressing the ethical implications of data collection and analysis.In conclusion, the teaching of English as a subject is a dynamic and evolving field that requires teachers to possess a broad range of skills and knowledge. It is about fostering a love of reading and writing, encouraging critical thinking, and instilling a deep understanding of the language's cultural and historical context. As we move forward, it is crucial that we continue to innovate and adapt our teaching methods to meet the changing needs of students and the evolving landscape of education.。
大学英语精读第三版第1册课后练习题含答案
大学英语精读第三版第1册课后练习题含答案简介大学英语精读第三版第1册是中国大学英语教材的一部分，是为大学英语专业的本科生编写的一本英语教材。
本文主要为大学英语精读第三版第1册课后练习题的答案提供参考，以供学习者学习和实践。
第1章综述第1节 Reading Skills课后练习题1.What can you achieve by previewing a reading material?You can get an idea of the overall content, organization, mn idea, and purpose of the reading material.2.How is skimming different from scanning?Skimming is reading through a text quickly to get a general idea of the content. Scanning is reading a text quickly to find specific info rmation.第2节 Pre-reading and Predicting课后练习题1.What can you do before reading a passage to help youunderstand it better?You can use your prior knowledge, ask questions, and predict the content and the structure of the passage.2.What can predictions do?Predictions can motivate you to read carefully and attentively, h elp you understand and retn information more easily, and improve your re ading comprehension.第3节 Identifying the Mn Idea课后练习题1.What is the mn idea of the passage?The mn idea is the most important idea or message that the author wants to convey, and it usually appears in the topic sentence or thesis statement of the passage.2.What are some ways to identify the mn idea of a passage?You can identify the topic, the scope, the purpose, and the suppo rting detls of the passage, and summarize them into a sentence or a phra se that expresses the author's mn idea.第2章阅读与写作第1节 Finding the Topic Sentence课后练习题1.What is a topic sentence?A topic sentence is a sentence that expresses the mn idea or focus of a paragraph, and usually appears at or near the beginning of the pa ragraph.2.How can you find the topic sentence of a paragraph?You can look for signals such as transitional words and phrases, repetition, summary, or explicit statement that introduce, summarize, or highlight the mn topic of the paragraph.第2节 Supporting Detls课后练习题1.What are supporting detls?Supporting detls are specific examples, evidence, facts, reasons, or explanations that support and elaborate on the mn idea or topic of a paragraph.2.What is the difference between a general statement and aspecific example?A general statement is a statement that applies to a broad category or concept, while a specific example is a concrete instance or detl t hat exemplifies or illustrates the general statement.第3节 Writing Effective Paragraphs课后练习题1.What are the three mn parts of a paragraph?The three mn parts of a paragraph are the topic sentence, the sup porting detls, and the concluding sentence.2.What are some guidelines for writing effective paragraphs?Some guidelines for writing effective paragraphs are to organize your ideas logically, use topic sentences and supporting detls, provide transitions, use descriptive language and sensory detls, vary your sentence structure and length, and conclude with a suggestion, a prediction, or a thought-provoking question.结语大学英语精读第三版第1册的课后练习题旨在帮助学习者巩固和深化课堂所学的英语阅读、理解、分析和写作技能。
Literature Review (Sample 1)文献综述
Literature ReviewC12 英语〔1〕 X X XTess of the D’Urbervilles is generally regarded as Tomas Hardy’s finest novel. Since its publication in 1891, it has encountered considerable concern in literary criticism. Among these numerous essays dwelling on Tess, most criticisms and interpretations focus on probing into the root of Tess’s tragedy. These scholars ponder Tess’s tr agedy from various perspectives and give a multitude of interpretations on this topic. But no one can exhaust such a great work，there is still much room for further consideration about Tess’s tragedy. Through several months’ efforts in searching, collectin g and reading an abundance of scholars and professors’ literature concerning causes of tragedy of Tess, I have learned much and gained a lot of data and create the following essay which summons up the essence of the literature.1．Analyses of Objective F actors in Tess’s Tragedy.The Age Characteristic and the Rebel in Tess of the D’U rbervilles – A Feminine Decoding on Tess of the D’U rbervilles by Jiang Lu introduces the economic background of the story. Jiang states that the story of Tess happened during the late half of 19th century, which witnessed the decline and destruction of the English peasantry. It was an age of transition and great social upheavals. With the development of capitalism, England was slowly developing from its former state of a mainly agricultural country to its new condition of a primarily industrial society, because of which the traditional self-sufficient society order in the country was broken. Helplessly confronted with the change, the country villagers were deprived of their lands, houses and other possessions. Then, in possession of few things they were forced to immigrate away from their accustomed land and to be employed as farm workers. Therefore, country peasants were inflicted tragically by the industrial development. This part clearly demonstrates the economic situation of the farmer at Victorian age which is quite beneficial to my paper.An Ecofeminist Reading of Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles by YuKun discusses the tragedy of Tess from the perspective of Ecofeminism, this paper practically explores the close relationship between women and nature and women’s tragic fate as the result of industrialization and patriarchal society, which helps me understand Tess’s tragedy from a new angle. It points out that at the late Victorian Age when industrialization began to encroach upon the countryside rapidly and capitalism developed further, the peasants lost their land and many of them were impoverished. Tess’s family,without exception, was poverty-stricken, which turned out to be the very root of her tragedy. Tess, impelled by the economic pressure from her family, had to go to claim kindred with prosperous D’Urbervilles family where she met evil Alec who deprived of her virginity; and it was her poor family that made Tess return to Alec. Besides, the society in the Victorian period was a man-dominated society, woman had to suffer the injustices of man-made law, the law by which man and woman were not equally treated in terms of morality. Angel who set a double moral standard for man and woman certainly couldn’t conceive of a relationship of equality with Tess. He couldn’t forgive Tess for her lost of virginity although he himself had dissipated past. Thus he finally abandoned Tess because of her “impurity〞, which gave Tess a fatal blow.The Connotation and Characteristic of “Angels in House〞in Victorian Period of England by Zeng Yayin demonstrates perfect women’s image in people’s mind in Victorian period. It says that a traditional Victorian woman is supposed to be a perfect woman. First, they should be gentle, graceful and charming, that is to keep an attractive appearance. Second, they should be submissive. They were taught to be sympathetic, gentle and considerable to other people. And the most important thing was to be submissive to their father or brothers, and after being married, their submission turned to their husbands. Third, they should have pure bodies. Traditionally, virginity was worshipped as a symbol of honor for an unmarried woman. It was very important for a younger woman to be a virgin before marriage and be loyal to her husband after she married him, and virginity was a girl’s virtue and value as well. Fourth, home was her whole world. She should sacrifice herself for her husband and the family. Taking care of the family and making the home healthy andcomfortable was undoubtedly all her duty. Besides, they were economically dependent, what they should do was to stay at home which was the shelter for them, and to seek for support and protection from them, so marriage was pretty much their best choice. All in all, the idle Victorian woman should be devoted, pure both mentally and physically and submissive. This paper gives me a general idea of the image of women in Victorian period, which will help me a lot in my paper.Analysis of Tragedy of Tess by Tang Xuan points out that Tess is a typical female tragedy, considering the convention and the bourgeois morality of her time. The last years of the nineteenth century were the Victorian period. Victorian morality imposed rigid norm on women, which demanded women to be pure. The loss of virginity was a fatal blow to Tess as she was turned against and crushed by the social convention. It was a man-dominated society, in which woman had to suffer the injustices of man-made law, the law by which man and woman were not equally treated in terms of morality and the use of double standard in sexual matters was the essential feature of the Victorian society. This was why Tess, being violated by Alec, unfairly suffered from being morally and socially spurned and punished while Alec remained free from any social reprimands. What is more, according to the Victorian customs, a man could live a dissipating life as he had once done while a woman could not. This double standard for man and woman made it impossible for Angel who was dominated by the conventional social custom and the bourgeois view of morality to forgive Tess. This part helps get a better idea of the impact of social convention and morality on Tess’s tragedy.The Ruin of a Pure Woman — Analyses of the Tragedy of Tess by Zhou Hong says that Tess is the victim of capitalist law and hypocritical religion. It states that Alec dared to do evil at his pleasure not only because he was a man of money and power, but also because he was under the protection of bourgeois law which was employed as a tool to rule ordinary people and was always at bourgeois’ interest. According to the law, it was ironic that the man who seduced Tess was justified while Tess who suffered damage was sinful. Oppressed by so strong social prejudice, Tess was deprived of the right to protect herself and forced to accept the unfair treatmentimposed on her. Thus, she was doomed to be a victim of power and violence. Besides, hypocritical religion was also closely related to Tess’s tragedy. In capitalis t society, religion was just used as a tool to lull and enslave people. When Tess met Alec again, to Tess’s as tonishment , Alec, the man who seduced her and ruthlessly pushed her into the abyss of tragedy, could resort to Christianity and became a priest who asked people to do good deeds. From this part I can see that both bourgeois law and religion are hypocritical.2. Reflection on Subjective F actors in Tess’s Tragedy.Analysis of Tess’s Character by Xu Haibo focuses on Tess’s character to explain the cause of Tess’s tragedy. It points out that the character of Tess is closely related to her fate, it is the tension in her character that leads her to the tragedy. The most obvious ones are those between humility and pride, and between innocence and sensuality. Ultimately it can be said that the tension is the one between obedience and rebellion within her character. It presents that both historical conditions and living environment contribute to the formation of Tess’s character. Tess has the qualities of kindness, honesty, diligence and loyalty which are shared by the label people, besides, she also inherits the pride traditionally associated with noble families, but her pride is conflicted with her social and economic position. In this paper, the author gives a detailed explanation with examples about the tension in Tess’s character which helps me better understand his idea. Besides it points out that there is also conflict between acquired conventional belief and instinctive independence of mind, and between ignorance and education in Tess’s character, which can also be seen from many cases. From this article, I get a good knowledge of Tess’s character as well as its relationship with her fate.Study on the Tragic Fate of Tess by Zhou Zhongxin and Wang Yanwen points out that Tess is a pure woman, but, ironically, her purity becomes the decisive factor of her tragedy. It states that Tess’s pure nature is fully embodied by her strong sense of responsibility and self -sacrifice to her family. When their horse is killed in an unexpected accident, nobody blames Tess as she blames herself, therefore, she doesn’trefuse once more her parent’s suggestion to claim kin with the wealthy D’Urbervilles family although she is not willing to do so. This is the very action that ruins all her life, she is seduced by Alec and later gives birth to an illegitimate baby. Moreover, her sense of responsibility is also clearly revealed when she becomes a mistress of Alec because of the desperate situation of her family. Tess’s purity is also displayed in her honesty and loyalty to love. When she is seduced by Alec, she bravely chooses to leave him at once irrespective of the pressure of her family and the society, because she realizes that she has never loved Alec.As to Angle, she falls in love with him deeply, but she continuously refuses Angle’s wooing because she thinks her being his wife is a shame for him. In order to protect Angle, she is willing to sacrifice her own feeling and happiness. Although she accepts Angle at last, she decides to disclose her past to him because of her honesty and true love for Angle. But her confession only results in an end of their marriage, she is deserted by her heartless husband, which leads to her miserable life soon afterwards. This paper offers me a good idea of the relationship be tween Tess’s purity and her tragedy.A Multi Perspective of the Tragedy of Tess of the D’Urbervil les by PengYan mentions the persecution of religion on Tess. Brought up in a heavily religious environment, Tess is deeply poisoned by religious thought, which forces Tess to bear enormous psychological pressure and induces her to sink into tragical abyss. Tess is a victim of religious doctrine. When her baby is dying, she suddenly realizes that she hasn’t been baptized and therefore will die without salvation a nd go to hell, but no parson is willing to do it for her baby, so she decides to baptize her baby by herself. Obviously, all her terrors about the hell are coming from the religious doctrine taught to her. Besides, although she used to doubt the existence of God when she feels desperate toward life, she can’t free herself from the shadow of religion. She always uses religious thought to imagine, explain and symbolize her miserable life. When she meets a man writing biblical texts on walls, she consciously feels ashamed and guilty for her loss of virginity, although it is not her fault. She is always self-contempt and keeps torturing herself by hypocritical religion thought. From this part I get to know religion’s impact on Tess.My Opinion about Tess of the D’Urbervilles by Li Honglan points out her family’s role in causing her tragedy. It says that Tess’s parents are ignoran t and vain，which leads directly to Tess’s tragedy. Tess’s father, Jack is lazy, selfish and foolish. When he hears of the news about his noble ancestry, he thinks his family will surely become rich if only Tess go to claim kinship with the wealthy family. When Tess is seduced by Alec, he doesn’t care about his daughter’s feelings and lock the door to prevent Tess from going out, the only thing that worries him is what others will think of this collapse of his family pride.Besides, Tess’s mother Joan is no better than Jack. The news of ancestry also affects her, she wants her daughter to rise in the world by making a successful marriage and thus bring fortunes to the whole family. When Tess chooses to leave Alec, she blames Tess for not marrying him and when Tess is deserted by Angle, she thinks it is all Tess’s fault. At the same time, her father doesn’t show sympathy for Tess either, he even doubts about her marriage, which makes Tess unable to live at home any more. Since her parents cannot be relied on, Tess takes on her younger shoulder the family burdens. She has a strong sense of responsibility towards her family and at almost every stage of her life it is her concern for family that influences her actions-from her agreement to claim kinship to family D’Urberville right to her final decision to return to Alec is totally due to her responsibility to support her family. From this analysis, I get a comprehensive knowledge about the influence of Tess’s family on her tragedy.Tess一A Pure but Tragic Woman by Zhang Qun discusses the influence of two men —Alec and Angle on Tess’s tragedy. It explains that Alec, typical of a bourgeois villain, m etamorphoses himself into the more dignified style of Alec D’Urberville and decorates himself as a man of nice heart. He takes advantage of Tess’s poverty and innocence, and seduces her on purpose. Thus , Tess intends to look for a way out but is driven by him to a way with a dead end. On the other hand, Angle is a representative of bourgeois intellectuals. He regards himself as a man full of new thoughts who isn’t bound by social customs. However, as a matter of fact, he couldn’t free himself from it. He idealizes Tess as symbol of purity and pursues her enthusiasticaly, but desert her as soon as Tess’s confession. Given up by her husband,Tess can’t support her family on her own and she is foeced by the death of her father and consequent loss of their cottage to succumbe to Alec to be his mistress. But out of her expection, Angle comes back, she is so shocked and regretfull that she kills Alec, because she thinks it is the only way out. From this analysis, I get a sense of these two men’s impact on Tess and I will use some of his idea in my paper.3. Introduction to the A uthor’s Outlook Reflected in the Novel.On Fatalism and Pessimistic View in Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles by Hu Ye says that Tess’s t raged y is related to Thomas Hardy’s fatalisti c outlook on life. Tess’s life can be divided into several stages and every stage is sprinkled a series of coincidences that push Tess to the doomed abyss. In this paper, it gives details about these coincides. At the outset, Tess’s father John Durbeyfield is so excited at the news of her ancestor that he drink himself drunk, so Tess has to replace her father to send the beehives to the market. Then the accidental death of the horse Prince destroys the family’s livelihood, so Tess is forced to go to claim k in with the wealthy D’Urbervilles family, where she is seduced by Alec.After this great frustration, she happens to meets Angle and falls in love with him. When she is about to marry him, Tess decides to write her past in a letter and thrusts it from unde r the door into Angel’s bedroom. But the paper gets mislaid under the carpet and Angel does not see it, which directly leads to the break of their marriage. When Tess eventually decides to visit Angel’s parents and asks them for help, she unfortunately ove rhears the conversation of Angel’s brothers, then she give up asking help from them. There is also the coincidence that she reencounters with Alec at exactly the moment when she is most vulnerable, then she becomes her mistress. Considering these coincides, I think that there is close relationship between Tess’s tragedy and these coincidences, although they all happen by chance.Tragic Consciousness Inherited and Future Developed in Hardy’s Novels On The Tragical ness in Tess of D’Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure by Zuo Yanru says that Thomas Hardy is an inheritor of classical tragedy, so he naturally transplanting the ideas of fatalism into his tragedy novels, and Tess of the D’Urbervilles is a typicalone. It tells that Hardy’s perspective of fatalism ha s two distinctive features. First, his fatalism often arises from the external environment, both social and physical, and the internal character of the protagonists. This realistic concern is a new aspect of fatalism. Second, in order to achieve the desire d tragic effect, Hardy’s destructive forces are reflected as the combination of accidents and inevitabilities, which aims to produce a strong sense of fate. The two features makes Hardy’s novels produce a strong sense of fatalism. This introduction lets me know the character of Hardy’s fatalism and its influence on the novel.Having read the above literature concerning the analyses of Tess’s tragedy, we have no difficulty to find that more and more scholars and professors both at home and abroad begin to p ay attention to the field of the cause of Tess’s tragedy. Most of them probe into this field from the perspective of social background, the heroine’s inner factors or the heroes destructive impact, there are not many other interpretations, however, all of them give me good guide to this topic and help me gain a better understanding of various elements relating to Tess’ tragedy, it also evokes my interest towards this topic and stimulates me to study this topic from a new perspective. In my paper, I tend to analyze the tragedy of Tess from individual choices with the help of the achievements of the critical study done by the former Hardy scholars, and I hope that I can make some contribution to this field by reading extensively and analyzing the literature.ReferencesXu Haibo. Analysis of Tess’s Character [J]. ?语文学刊(高教·外文版)?2007(06) Zhang Qun. Tess—A Pure but Tragic Woman [J]. Journal of Donghua University (Eng.Ed.) 2003(20).胡艳.论哈代?德伯家的苔丝?中的宿命论和悲观主义色彩[J].?太原科技大学报?2021(02).蒋橹.?苔丝?中的时代特征与叛逆形象—苔丝的女性主义视觉解析[J].?电影评介?2006(14).[J].?青海师专学报(教育科学)?2005(05).彭焱. “苔丝〞悲剧的多层次透视[J].?内江师范学院学报?2005(20).唐璇.?苔丝?悲剧根源剖析[J].?南华大学学报(社会科学版)?2006(01).于坤. An Ecofeminist Reading of Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles[J]. ?高等教育与学术研究?2007(01).—?苔丝?悲剧分析[J].?电影评介?2007(11).左燕茹.Tragic Consciousness Inherited and Future Developed in Hardy’s Novels On The Tragicalness in Tess of D’Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure [D].济南：山东师范大学. 2004.“家庭天使〞的内涵和特点[J].?达县师范高等专科学校学报(社会科学版)?2005(04).[J].? 电影评介?2021(11).。
专业英语大总结
ahu air hundling unit 空调箱air conditioning load空调负荷air distribution气流组织air handling unit 空气处理单元air shower 风淋室air wide pre.drop空气侧压降aluninum accessaries in clean room 洁净室安装铝材as-completed drawing 修改竣工图ayout 设计图blass stop valve 铜闸阀canvas connecting termingal 帆布接头centigrade scale 摄氏温度chiller accessaries 水冷柜机排水及配料chiller asembly 水冷柜机安装工费chiller unit 水冷柜机基础clean bench 净化工作台clean class 洁净度clean room 洁净室无尘室correction factor修正系数dcc dry coll units 干盘管district cooling 区域供冷direct return system异程式系统displacement ventilation置换通风drawn No.图号elevation立面图entering air temp进风温度 entering water temp进水温度fahrenheit scale 华氏温度fan coil unit 风机盘管ffu fan filter units 风扇过滤网组final 施工图flow velocity 流速fresh air supply 新风供给fresh air unit 新风处理单元ground source heat pump地源热泵gross weight 毛重heating ventilating and air conditioning 供热通风与空气调节hepa high efficiency pariculate air 高效过滤网high efficiency particulate air filters高效空气过滤器horizontal series type水平串联式hot water supply system生活热水系统humidity 湿度hydraulic calculation水力计算isometric drawing轴测图leaving air temp 出风温度 leaving water temp出水温度lood vacuum pump中央集尘泵mau make up air hundling unit schedule 外气空调箱natural smoke exhausting自然排烟net weight 净重noise reduction消声nominal diameter 公称直径oil-burning boiler燃油锅炉one way stop peturn valve 单向止回阀operation energy consumption运行能耗pass box 传递箱particle sizing and counting method 计径计数法Piping accessaries 水系统辅材piping asembly 配管工费plan 平面图rac recirculation air cabinet unit schedule循环组合空调单元ratio controller 比例调节器ratio flow control 流量比例控制ratio gear 变速轮ratio meter 比率计rational 合理性的，合法的；有理解能力的rationale （基本）原理；原理的阐述rationality 有理性，合理性rationalization proposal 合理化建义ratio of compression 压缩比ratio of expansion 膨胀比ratio of run-off 径流系数ratio of slope 坡度ratio of specific heat 比热比raw 生的，原状的，粗的；未加工的raw coal 原煤raw cotton 原棉raw crude producer gas 未净化的发生炉煤气raw data 原始数据raw fuel stock 粗燃料油raw gas 未净化的气体 real gas 实际气体realignment 重新排列，改组；重新定线realm 区域，范围，领域real work 实际工作ream 铰孔，扩孔rear 后部，背面，后部的rear arch 后拱rear axle 后轴rear-fired boiler 后燃烧锅炉rear pass 后烟道rearrange 调整；重新安排[布置]rearrangement 调整，整顿；重新排列[布置]reason 理由，原因；推理reasonable 合理的，适当的reassembly 重新装配reaumur 列氏温度计reblading 重装叶片，修复叶片recalibration 重新校准[刻度]recapture 重新利用，恢复recarbonation 再碳化作用recast 另算；重作；重铸receiving basin 蓄水池receiving tank 贮槽recentralizing 恢复到中心位置；重定中心；再集中receptacle 插座[孔]；容器reception of heat 吸热recessed radiator 壁龛内散热器，暗装散热器recharge well 回灌井reciprocal 倒数；相互的，相反的，住复的reciprocal action 反复作用reciprocal compressor 往复式压缩机reciprocal feed pump 往复式蒸汽机reciprocal grate 往复炉排reciprocal motion 住复式动作reciprocal proportion 反比例reciprocal steam engine 往复式蒸汽机reciprocate 往复（运动），互换reciprocating 往复的，来回的，互相的，交替的reciprocating ( grate ) bar 往复式炉排片reciprocating compressor 往复式压缩机reciprocating condensing unit 往复式冷冻机reciprocating packaged liquid chiller 往复式整体型冷水机组reciprocating piston pump 往复式活塞泵reciprocating pump 往复泵，活塞泵reciprocating refrigerator 往复式制冷机recirculate 再循环recirculated 再循环的recirculated air 再循环空气[由空调场所抽出，然后通过空调装置，再送回该场所的回流空气]recirculated air by pass 循环空气旁路recircilated air intake 循环空气入口recirculated cooling system 再循环冷却系统recirculating 再循环的，回路的recirculating air duct 再循环风道recirculating fan 再循环风机recirculating line 再循环管路recirculating pump 再循环泵recirculation 再循环recirculation cooling water 再循环冷却水recirculation ratio 再循环比recirculation water 再循环水reclaim 再生，回收；翻造，修复reclaimer 回收装置；再生装置reclamation 回收，再生，再利用reclamation of condensate water蒸汽冷凝水回收recombination 再化[结]合，复合，恢复recommended level of illumination 推荐的照度标准reconnaissance 勘察，调查研究record drawing 详图、大样图、接点图recording apparatus 记录仪器recording barometer 自记气压计recording card 记录卡片recording facility 记录装置recording liquid level gauge 自动液面计recording paper of sound level 噪声级测定纸recording pressure gauge 自记压力计recording water-gauge 自记水位计recoverable 可回收的，可恢复的recoverable heat 可回收的热量recoverable oil 可回收的油recoverable waster heat 可回收的废热recovery plant 回收装置recovery rate 回收率relief damper 泄压风门return air flame plate回风百叶Seat air supply座椅送风Shaft seal 轴封Shaft storage 搁架式贮藏Shake 摇动，抖动Shakedown run 试车，调动启动，试运转Shake-out 摇动，抖动Shakeproof 防振的，抗振的Shaker 振动器Shaking 摇[摆，振]动Shaking grate 振动炉排Shaking screen 振动筛Shallow 浅层，浅的，表面的Shank 柄，杆，柱体，轴Shape 造[成]型，形状[态]模型。
英语学科方面的文献综述范文3000字
英语学科方面的文献综述范文3000字全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hello everyone, today I’m going to talk about English subject. English is a super important subject for us students. We learn English to communicate with people from all around the world and to understand books, movies, and songs in English.First, let’s talk about reading. Reading is a big part of learning English. When we read English books or articles, we can learn new words, phrases, and grammar rules. It’s like exploring a whole new world! Reading also helps us improve our writing skills. We can see how authors use different words and sentence structures to express their ideas.Next, let’s talk about speaking. Speaking English can be a bit scary at first, but practice makes perfect! We can practice speaking English with our friends, teachers, or even in front of the mirror. It’s important to keep practicing so we can become confident English speakers.Now, let’s talk about listening. Listening is a key skill in learning English. We can listen to English songs, podcasts, orwatch English movies and TV shows. By listening to native speakers, we can improve our pronunciation and understand different accents.Last but not least, let’s talk about writing. Writing in English can be challenging, but it’s also fun! We can write English essays, stories, or even keep a diary in English. Writing helps us express our thoughts and ideas in a clear and organized way.In conclusion, learning English is really exciting and useful for us students. By reading, speaking, listening, and writing in English, we can become fluent English speakers and open up a whole new world of opportunities. So let’s keep learning and improving our English skills every day! Thank you for listening!篇2Title: My Review of English SubjectsHey everyone! Today I'm going to talk about English subjects. English is super important because it helps us communicate with people from all around the world. In this review, I will share some interesting information about English and how we can improve our skills in this subject.First of all, reading is a great way to improve our English. By reading books, newspapers, or even online articles, we can learn new words and improve our vocabulary. Reading also helps us understand different writing styles and grammar structures.Next, writing is another important skill in English. We can practice our writing by keeping a journal, writing stories, or even writing essays. Writing not only helps us express our thoughts and ideas but also improves our grammar and punctuation skills.Listening to English songs, watching English movies, and even chatting with friends in English are great ways to improve our listening and speaking skills. By listening to native speakers and practicing speaking, we can improve our pronunciation and fluency in English.Lastly, grammar is a crucial part of English. Learning grammar rules, practicing with exercises, and asking for help when we're stuck can help us become more confident in using English correctly.In conclusion, English is a fun and exciting subject that can open up many opportunities for us in the future. By practicing reading, writing, listening, speaking, and grammar, we can become better at English and communicate effectively with others.I hope you enjoyed my review of English subjects. Keep practicing and never give up on improving your English skills! Thanks for reading!篇3Oh, hi there! Today, I'm gonna talk about English subject review articles. It's gonna be super fun, so let's dive right in!First off, what is a literature review? Well, it's basically a summary of all the research that's been done on a certain topic. For us, that topic is English learning and studying.There are lots of different ways to study English, like reading books, practicing grammar, listening to music, and watching movies. And guess what? All of these ways have been studied by experts to see what works best for learning English.One important thing researchers have found is that everyone learns English in their own way. Some people might learn better by reading books, while others might prefer watching English movies. It's all about finding what works best for you!Another cool thing researchers have discovered is that using technology can be super helpful for learning English. Apps,online games, and even social media can all be great tools for practicing English skills.So, in conclusion, English subject review articles are super important for helping us understand the best ways to learn English. Remember, everyone is different, so don't be afraid to try out different methods until you find what works best for you. Happy learning!篇4Title: My Review of English SubjectHello everyone! Today I want to share with you all about my thoughts on the English subject. English is a very important subject in school because it helps us to communicate with people from different countries and cultures. So, let's dive into my review of the English subject!First of all, I think that reading is a very important part of learning English. Reading helps us to improve our vocabulary, grammar, and understanding of the language. When we read books, magazines, or articles in English, we can learn new words and phrases that we can use in our own writing and speaking.Secondly, writing is also a crucial skill in learning English. By writing essays, stories, or even keeping a diary in English, we can practice our grammar, spelling, and sentence structure. Writing helps us to express our thoughts and ideas in a clear and organized way.Next, listening and speaking are two more important skills in learning English. By listening to English songs, watching movies or TV shows in English, and having conversations with our friends or teachers, we can improve our listening and speaking skills. Speaking English fluently will help us to communicate with people from all over the world.In addition to these skills, grammar and vocabulary are essential components of learning English. By studying grammar rules and learning new words and phrases, we can improve our understanding and usage of the English language.Overall, the English subject is fun and interesting because it allows us to explore new worlds through reading, writing, listening, and speaking. I believe that by practicing these skills regularly and putting in effort, we can become fluent English speakers and communicate effectively with people from all walks of life.That's all for my review of the English subject! I hope you enjoyed reading it and that it inspires you to continue learning and improving your English skills. Thank you for listening!篇5Title: A Review of English Subject StudiesHi everyone! Today I'm going to talk about all the cool stuff I've learned from reading different articles about the English subject. English is such an important subject because it helps us communicate with people from all around the world. Let's dive into the fascinating world of English studies!First, let's talk about how reading can improve our English skills. Reading helps us learn new words, understand grammar rules, and improve our writing. According to a study by Smith et al. (2018), students who read regularly have better vocabulary and writing skills compared to those who don't. So, remember to read books, newspapers, and articles in English to improve your language skills!Next, let's discuss the importance of grammar in English. Grammar rules might seem tricky, but they are super important for clear communication. A study by Brown and Jones (2017) found that students who have a good understanding ofgrammar make fewer mistakes in their writing and speaking. So, don't forget to study those grammar rules and practice using them in your daily conversations.Speaking of conversations, let's not forget about speaking skills in English. Speaking confidently in English can open up many opportunities for us. A study by Johnson and Lee (2019) showed that students who practice speaking regularly have better pronunciation and fluency. So, don't be shy to speak up in class or practice with your friends to improve your speaking skills.Lastly, let's look at the impact of technology on English learning. With the advancement of technology, there are so many tools and resources available to help us learn English. A study by White et al. (2020) found that using educational apps and online resources can enhance our learning experience and make it more fun. So, make use of these resources to make your English learning journey more enjoyable!In conclusion, studying English is not only important for communication but also for personal growth. By reading, understanding grammar rules, practicing speaking, and utilizing technology, we can improve our English skills and become better communicators. I hope you found this review helpful andremember to keep learning and exploring the world of English studies. Happy learning!篇6Title: A Fun Exploration of the World of English StudyHi everyone! Today I want to talk about English study, which is a super cool subject that can help us communicate with people from all over the world. Isn't that awesome?First, let's talk about reading. Reading is like going on an adventure in a book! You can learn new words, interesting stories, and even travel to different countries without leaving your seat. Make sure to read lots of books, magazines, and even online articles to improve your English.Next, let's chat about writing. Writing is like putting your thoughts on paper for others to read. It's a great way to express yourself and practice using grammar and punctuation correctly. Try writing letters, stories, or even keeping a journal to hone your writing skills.Speaking of grammar, it's like the rules of the English language. Learning grammar can help you speak and write more clearly so that others can understand you better. Practice usingdifferent tenses, verb forms, and sentence structures to become a grammar pro!Listening is another important skill in English study. Just like in class, it's important to listen to your teacher, friends, and even English songs or movies to improve your listening skills. Pay attention to pronunciation, intonation, and word stress to become a good listener.Last but not least, let's talk about speaking. Speaking is like using your English skills to have conversations with others. Don't be shy to speak up in class, with your friends, or even with native English speakers. The more you practice speaking, the better you'll become.In conclusion, English study is a fun and exciting subject that can open up a whole new world of opportunities for you. So keep reading, writing, listening, and speaking to enhance your English skills. Remember, practice makes perfect! Good luck on your English learning journey!That's all for now, folks. See you next time!篇7Title: A Review of English SubjectHi everyone! Today, I want to talk about the English subject. English is super important because it is spoken all around the world. It helps us communicate with people from different countries and learn about different cultures.First of all, let's talk about reading. Reading is so much fun! When we read books, we can go on adventures without even leaving our room. We can learn new words and improve our vocabulary. Reading also helps us become better writers because we can see examples of how to write well.Next, let's talk about grammar. I know, grammar can be a bit boring sometimes, but it's really important. A good understanding of grammar helps us speak and write correctly. It helps us make sense when we talk to others and write essays for school.Speaking of writing essays, that leads us to writing. Writing is a great way to express our thoughts and feelings. We can write stories, poems, or even letters to our friends. Writing helps us organize our ideas and communicate them clearly.And lastly, let's talk about speaking. Speaking English is so cool because we can talk to people from all over the world. It's important to practice speaking English so we can get better at it.We can practice by talking to our friends, teachers, or even ourselves in the mirror.In conclusion, the English subject is super important and fun. Reading, grammar, writing, and speaking are all important parts of learning English. So, let's keep learning and improving our English skills every day!That's all for now. Thanks for listening!篇8Title: My Review on English SubjectHey guys, today I want to talk about English subject with you! English is a super cool subject that helps us communicate with people from all around the world. Let's dive into some interesting facts and tips about English!First of all, reading is super important in English. It helps us expand our vocabulary and improve our comprehension skills. Reading books, newspapers, magazines, and even online articles can help us learn new words and phrases. So don't forget to read every day!Next, writing is another key aspect of English. When we write, we practice forming sentences, paragraphs, and essays. We canexpress our thoughts and ideas through writing, which is super fun! Try to write a diary, a short story, or even a letter to a friend to practice your writing skills.Listening is also crucial in English. By listening to English songs, movies, podcasts, and conversations, we can improve our listening skills and understand different accents. So turn on your favorite English song and sing along!Speaking is probably the most exciting part of learning English. We can practice speaking with our friends, family, or even by ourselves. Don't be afraid to make mistakes, as it's all part of the learning process. The more you speak, the better you'll become!Lastly, grammar is an essential part of English. By understanding grammar rules, we can speak and write in a correct and clear way. Practice grammar exercises, watch grammar videos, and ask your teacher for help if you need it.In conclusion, English is such a fun and useful subject that can open up many opportunities for us. So let's keep practicing reading, writing, listening, speaking, and grammar to become English experts! I hope you enjoyed my review on English subject. Let's continue learning and improving together!篇9Hey guys, today I'm going to talk about English! English is a super important subject in school because it helps us communicate with people from all over the world. I'm going to do a literature review, which means I'm going to look at a bunch of articles and books about English.One cool thing I found out is that reading stories in English can help us learn new words and improve our reading skills. So, it's a good idea to read books, magazines, or even online articles in English to practice. Another thing I learned is that writing in English can help us express our ideas better. So, don't be afraid to write stories, essays, or even poems in English.I also found out that watching English movies or TV shows can help us improve our listening skills. It's fun to watch our favorite shows in English and try to understand what the characters are saying. And if we watch with subtitles, it can help us learn new words too.Finally, I learned that practicing speaking English with friends or family members can help us become more confident when speaking. We can play English games, have conversations, oreven perform skits in English to practice. The more we practice, the better we'll get!So, that's my literature review on English. Remember, the key to learning English is to practice reading, writing, listening, and speaking every day. Keep working hard, and you'll be an English pro in no time! Bye guys!篇10Title: A Review of My Favorite Subject - EnglishHello everyone! Today I am going to talk about my favorite subject in school - English! English is super cool and fun, and I love learning new things about it every day. In this article, I will share with you some of the interesting things I have learned in English class.First of all, in English class, we learn about grammar. Grammar is like the rules of English, and it helps us to speak and write correctly. We learn about nouns, verbs, adjectives, and all sorts of other words that help us to make sentences. It's like putting together a puzzle, and when everything fits just right, it feels really good!Next, we learn about reading and writing in English class. Reading is so much fun because we get to explore new worlds and learn about different cultures. I love reading books and stories, especially ones with exciting adventures. Writing is also really cool because we get to express our thoughts and ideas on paper. I like writing stories and poems, and I feel so proud when my teacher says I did a good job!In English class, we also learn about vocabulary. Vocabulary is like a treasure chest full of words, and the more words we know, the better we can communicate. We learn new words every day and use them in sentences to practice. It's like building a tower with blocks, and the taller the tower, the more words we know!Lastly, in English class, we learn about speaking and listening. Speaking is important because it helps us to communicate with others. We practice speaking in front of the class and with our friends, and it helps us to become confident speakers. Listening is also important because it helps us to understand others. We listen to stories, conversations, and songs, and it helps us to improve our listening skills.In conclusion, English is my favorite subject in school because it is fun, interesting, and useful. I love learning grammar,reading and writing, vocabulary, speaking and listening in English class. I feel proud of all the things I have learned so far, and I can't wait to learn even more in the future. English rocks!Thank you for reading my article about English. I hope you enjoyed it as much as I enjoyed writing it. Have a great day!。
英语文献综述常用词汇
如何写英语文献综述文献综述（Literautre Review）是科研论文中重要的文体之一。
它以作者对各种文献资料的整理、归纳、分析和比较为基础,就某个专题的历史背景、前人的工作、研究现状、争论的焦点及发展前景等方面进行综合、总结和评论。
通过阅读文献综述,科研工作者可花费较少的时间获得较多的关于某一专题系统而具体的信息,了解其研究现状、存在的问题和未来的发展方向。
因此,它的学术水平和价值受到特别的重视。
文献综述往往被收集在专业期刊的Review栏目中，常见的有Survey，Advances, Progress，Recent Advances，Update 和Annual Review等.根据写作目的和内容的侧重点，文献综述大致可以分为动态性综述(developmental review）、成就性综述（result review)和争鸣性综述（contentious review）。
按时间来划分，文献综述又可分为回顾性综述(retrospective review)和前瞻性综述（prospective review）。
根据作者的参与情况，文献综述还可分为归纳性综述(inductive review)和评论性综述（critical review).文献综述的分类并非绝对，在实际写作中,往往是各种类型综合在一起.一篇结构完整的文献综述应由六个部分组成：标题与作者(title and author）、摘要与关键词（abstract and key words)、引言（introduction）、述评（review）、结论(conclusion）和参考文献（references）.与研究论文相比,文献综述的篇章结构比较自由，但其中最为核心的部分是引言、述评和结论。
下面将分别介绍这几个部分的特点及其写作方法。
2。
1 引言(Introduction）引言是文献综述正文的开始部分,主要包括两个内容:一是提出问题；二是介绍综述的范围和内容.提出问题时，作者要给出定义性解释、交代研究背景、简单介绍不同文献的看法和分歧所在并介绍该文献的写作目的;介绍该综述的范围和主要内容时,作者应使用简明扼要的语句加以概括.引言部分通常为200～300词。
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The development with MOFs in applicationIt is well known that Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) plays a important role in the profession of organic and inorganic, also known as porous coordination polymers (PCPs), are an emerging type of porous materials which are formed by the self-assembly of metallic centers and bridging organic linkers. Design and synthesis of organic linkers are very critical to target MOFs with desired structures and properties. In this review, we summarize and highlight the part that the recent development of porous MOFs that are constructed from the multicarboxylate ligands containing m-benzenedicarboxylate moieties, and their promising applications in gas storage and separation and heterogeneous catalysis. 1. IntroductionWith the fast development rate of our society, all kinds of technology had presented a prosperous scene ,especially in chemical profession and chemical industry. A lot of chemical productions have been manufactured, like medicine drugs, pesticide, cosmetic, fossil fuel and so on. But in this procedure, there are many harmful waste pollutant had been made, so we must come up with good ideas to settle it. It is a challenge project for us.While much more attention of the MOF community has been devoted to adsorption and purification of gases, there is now also a vast body of data on the capability of MOFs to separate and purify liquid mixtures.Initial studies focused on separation of petrochemicals in apolar backgrounds, but the attention has moved now to the separation of complex, e.g. chiral compounds, and to the isolation of bio-based compounds from aqueous media. We here give an overview of most of the existing literature, with an accent on separation mechanisms and structure–selectivity relationships.A large portion of the production costs areassociated with purification steps, for instance using solvent extraction, adsorption, crystallization and distillation processes. 1,2 Presently, distillation accounts for more than 90% of all separation processes in the chemical industry. 3 Due to the reactive nature or the decomposition of certain chemicals and the high costs associated with distillation, valid alternatives are needed for a sustainable chemical industry in the future. 4 Adsorptive separation is such a promising alternative; it is already used in a multitude of processes in industry today. 5 An adsorbent is able to separate a mixture of chemicals into pure compounds, mostly based on differences in the interaction between the adsorbent and the constituents of the mixture. 6 The efficiency of separation is therefore strongly determined by the characteristics of the adsorbent. Microporous materials such as zeolites, 3 activated carbon,7 carbon molecular sieves,8 aluminophosphates,9 inorganic or polymeric resins 10 and composite materials 11 have already been studied intensively for adsorptive separations .However, in order torealise the challenging separations of future industries, superior adsorbents are still needed. Certain metal-organicframeworks (MOFs) which combine high chemical and thermalstability, 12–14large surface areas15,16and tuneable surface properties 17–21could be valuable candidates in this respect. MOFs are hybrid materials constructed from inorganic metal nodes and multidentate organic ligands organised in a crystalline three-dimensional network. 222. The MOFs’ applicationsRecently, there are many people focusing on the field that MOFs are applied in our life. Everyone knows that our environment was harmed by the worse gas, which were made in the procession with the production of work products. Considering the lasting development,we must look foreword the new ways to solve the serious cases. With the hard work by chemists, the widely applications of MOFs are widely used in the field. Setting several aspect as following.2.1 Applications in gas adsorption of FL-MOFsDue to their low densities, high surface areas, large porevolumes, as well as adjustable pore sizes and tunable pore functionalities,MOFs have been widely explored for the gas adsorption(e.g., H 2 , CH 4 , and CO 2 ) and separation (e.g., CO 2 /N 2 , CO 2 /CH 4 ). 23 So far, great efforts have been dedicated to the quest for strategies to enhance gas adsorption capacity and selectivity in porous MOF materials and a lot of vital resultshave been reported and reviewed. 24 In the case of FL-MOFs, researches focused on the increasement of the pore void ratio, retention of porosity after guest removal, and enhancement of gas-binding affinity for their better application in gas adsorption and separation.2.2 Applications in fuel system in transportation industryMOFs are highly crystalline structures with nanometer-sized pores that allow for the efficient storage of natural gas and other gases such as hydrogen and carbon dioxide. MOF materials provide high surface area on which gases are adsorbed. For example, a one gram sample of MOF materials offers a surface area equivalent to a football (soccer) field.Currently, there is a company named BASF, which is focused on commercializing MOF solutions for the transportation industry. The company has developed patented MOF materials that allow for the increased storage of natural gas, offering the potential to significantly increase vehicle range or to operate fuel storage tanks and natural gas compression systems at lower pressures.Demonstration vehicles equipped with natural gas fuel systems containing BASF MOF materials were introduced in 2013, including a heavy duty Kenworth truck up-fitted with BASF’s energy storag e technology. The storage system on this class 7 T440 truck utilizes a Type IV natural gas storage pressure vessel, designed and up-fitted by Quantum Technologies, a leader in the development and production of integrated natural gas fuel storage systems.The demonstration truck is also equipped with a BASF natural gas emissions catalyst.3. Conclusion and outlookThe development of new organic linkers is still very important to target functional MOF materials. Among the diverse basic units, the meta-benzenedicarboxylate one, summarized in this review, is particularly of importance to be developed into a number of organic linkers and thus MOFs of diverse structures and tuneable pores.The tuneable structures and porosities within this series of synthesized MOFshave enabled them to have wide applications on gas storage, gas separation, heterogeneous catalysis and sensing. The fact that some MOFs summarized here exhibit extraordinarily high gas storage/capture capacities for H 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 2 and CO 2 indicates that a few very promising ones might be practically implemented in our daily lives in the near future. The richness of organic backbones will not only enrich the database of organic linkers containing meta-benzenedicarboxylate units, but will also lead to some even better MOFs for the above mentioned applications. Future research will also be focused on the self-assembly of other metal ions/metal clusters with the developed organic linkers from meta-benzenedicarboxylate units to construct porous MOFs and then to explore their diverse functions. Of course, other types of expanded m-benzenedicarboxylate units will also be extensively explored for their construction of functional MOFs in the near future.References1 R. T. Yang, Adsorbents: Fundamentals and Applications, 2007.2 D. M. 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