第八章雷电过电压及其防护
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第8章 雷电过电压及其防护
(Chapter 8 Lightning Discharge and Lightning Protection) 研究雷电过电压的必要性：
(The need for studying lightning over-voltage)
雷电现象极为频繁，产生的雷电过电压可 达数千千伏，足以使电气设备绝缘发生闪络和 损坏，引起停电事故。
本节内容(Content of the section)：
➢8.1.1 雷云的形成
(The formation of thundercloud)
➢8.1.2 雷电放电过程
(The process of lightning discharge)
➢8.1.3 有关的雷电参数
(Lightning parameters)
了 “闪电就是电”的本质，而随着物理学的进一步 发展，人们对雷电这一自然现象有了更深刻的Fra Baidu bibliotek识。
At the beginning of the 18th century, Franklin and other physicists had revealed the essence that “lightning was electricity”. With the further development of physics, people have a more profound understanding of this natural phenomenon.
8.4 接地的基本概念及原理
(The basic concepts and principles of grounding)
习题与思考题
(Exercises and FAQs)
返回 (back)
8.1 雷电放电和雷电过电压
(Lightning discharge and lightning over-voltage) 早在18世纪初，富兰克林等物理学家已经揭示
Lightning is extremely frequent, causing high lightning over-voltage which is high enough to make electrical equipment flashover and damage. Finally it will lead to the outage accident .
➢8.1.4 雷电过电压的形成
(The formation of lightning over-voltage)
8.1.1 雷云的形成 (The formation of thundercloud)
能产生雷电的带电云层称为雷云。
Electrically charged clouds which can produce lightning is called thundercloud.
本章内容(Main content in this section)
8.1 雷电放电和雷电过电压
(Lightning discharge and over-voltage)
8.2 防雷保护设备
(Lightning protection device)
8.3 电力系统防雷保护
(Lighting protection in power system)
➢有必要理解雷电产生的原因、过程及参 数，以理解防雷原理及设计防雷设备。
It’s necessary to understand the cause, the process and the parameters of lightning discharge to get the principles and the design rules of lightning protection equipment.
➢有必要对输电线路、发电厂和变电所的 电气装置的采取防雷保护措施。
It’s necessary to take lightning protection measures for transmission lines, power plants and substations electrical installations.
Thundercloud formation is mainly caused by the thermal convection effect of the air containing water vapor. The sun's heat radiation to the ground make the water partly into steam. The air of water vapor rises due to the hot baking surface. It will produce the hot air upwards. The temperature drops about 10 ℃ while the hot air rises by per 10km. The high-altitude cold air meets hot air to form rain, hail and other objects of the water. The material under the action of electrostatic field is polarized to form a hot thundercloud.
雷云的形成过程是综合性的。
The formation process of thundercloud is comprehensive.
• 雷云的形成主要是含水汽的空气的热对流效应。 太阳的热辐射使地面部分水分化为蒸汽，含水 蒸汽的空气受到炽热的地面烘烤而上升，会产 生向上的热气流。热气流每上升10km，温度 下降约10℃，热气流与高空冷空气相遇形成雨 滴、冰雹等水成物，水成物在地球静电场的作 用下被极化，形成热雷云。
特别是利用高速摄影、自动录波、雷电定向定位等 现代测量技术对雷电进行的观测研究，大大丰富了人们 对雷电的认识。
In particular, the use of high-speed photography, automatic recorded waves, lightning directional orientation and other modern measurement techniques for the observation have greatly enriched people's understanding of thunder and lightning.
(Chapter 8 Lightning Discharge and Lightning Protection) 研究雷电过电压的必要性：
(The need for studying lightning over-voltage)
雷电现象极为频繁，产生的雷电过电压可 达数千千伏，足以使电气设备绝缘发生闪络和 损坏，引起停电事故。
本节内容(Content of the section)：
➢8.1.1 雷云的形成
(The formation of thundercloud)
➢8.1.2 雷电放电过程
(The process of lightning discharge)
➢8.1.3 有关的雷电参数
(Lightning parameters)
了 “闪电就是电”的本质，而随着物理学的进一步 发展，人们对雷电这一自然现象有了更深刻的Fra Baidu bibliotek识。
At the beginning of the 18th century, Franklin and other physicists had revealed the essence that “lightning was electricity”. With the further development of physics, people have a more profound understanding of this natural phenomenon.
8.4 接地的基本概念及原理
(The basic concepts and principles of grounding)
习题与思考题
(Exercises and FAQs)
返回 (back)
8.1 雷电放电和雷电过电压
(Lightning discharge and lightning over-voltage) 早在18世纪初，富兰克林等物理学家已经揭示
Lightning is extremely frequent, causing high lightning over-voltage which is high enough to make electrical equipment flashover and damage. Finally it will lead to the outage accident .
➢8.1.4 雷电过电压的形成
(The formation of lightning over-voltage)
8.1.1 雷云的形成 (The formation of thundercloud)
能产生雷电的带电云层称为雷云。
Electrically charged clouds which can produce lightning is called thundercloud.
本章内容(Main content in this section)
8.1 雷电放电和雷电过电压
(Lightning discharge and over-voltage)
8.2 防雷保护设备
(Lightning protection device)
8.3 电力系统防雷保护
(Lighting protection in power system)
➢有必要理解雷电产生的原因、过程及参 数，以理解防雷原理及设计防雷设备。
It’s necessary to understand the cause, the process and the parameters of lightning discharge to get the principles and the design rules of lightning protection equipment.
➢有必要对输电线路、发电厂和变电所的 电气装置的采取防雷保护措施。
It’s necessary to take lightning protection measures for transmission lines, power plants and substations electrical installations.
Thundercloud formation is mainly caused by the thermal convection effect of the air containing water vapor. The sun's heat radiation to the ground make the water partly into steam. The air of water vapor rises due to the hot baking surface. It will produce the hot air upwards. The temperature drops about 10 ℃ while the hot air rises by per 10km. The high-altitude cold air meets hot air to form rain, hail and other objects of the water. The material under the action of electrostatic field is polarized to form a hot thundercloud.
雷云的形成过程是综合性的。
The formation process of thundercloud is comprehensive.
• 雷云的形成主要是含水汽的空气的热对流效应。 太阳的热辐射使地面部分水分化为蒸汽，含水 蒸汽的空气受到炽热的地面烘烤而上升，会产 生向上的热气流。热气流每上升10km，温度 下降约10℃，热气流与高空冷空气相遇形成雨 滴、冰雹等水成物，水成物在地球静电场的作 用下被极化，形成热雷云。
特别是利用高速摄影、自动录波、雷电定向定位等 现代测量技术对雷电进行的观测研究，大大丰富了人们 对雷电的认识。
In particular, the use of high-speed photography, automatic recorded waves, lightning directional orientation and other modern measurement techniques for the observation have greatly enriched people's understanding of thunder and lightning.