中考考点主谓一致详细大全

主谓一致
主谓一致是指：
1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。

一、名词作主语的主谓一致
⑴本身表示复数概念的，如people, police, cattle, clothes 等，其谓语动词要用复数形式。

例如： people are talking about the news.
Cattle feed on grass.
⑵集合名词作主语，如强调整体，谓语动词常用单数；如表示组成集体的分散个体，谓语动词要用复数。

常见集合名词有：family, class, team, group, government, audience, crowd, company, public, army, staff, population, majority等。

例如：My family is very large.
His family are waiting for him.
⑶有些名词，如equipment, furniture, baggage, machinery, clothing, jewellery等在句子中作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。

例如：The furniture in my room is old now.
⑷表示时间，距离、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时，常被看做整体，谓语动词用单数。

例如： Twenty years is a long time.
A hundred miles is quite a long drive, isn’t it?
二、代词的主谓一致
⑴主语为somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something, either, neither, each, one, the other, another等不定代词时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。

e.g. Everyone is here. 大家都到齐了。

Nobody knows the answer. 没有人知道答案。

⑵ all指人时，谓语动词常用复数；指物时，谓语动词常用单数形式。

e.g. All was silent. (指物)
All are here now. （指人）
⑶ Such作主语，谓语动词要根据它所指的具体内容来决定单复数
Such is my plan.
Such are his words.
⑷在定语从句中，关系代词who, which, that等做主语时，其人称和数的变化随要修饰的名词而定。

例如： Those who have seen the film please put up your hands.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is our chairman.
【友情提示】辨析：
⑴ He is one of the teachers in our school who know Japanese.
他是我们学校懂日语的老师之一。

（不止一个）
⑵ He is the only one of the teachers in our school who knows Japanese.
他是我们学校唯一一个懂日语的老师。

三、并列结构作主语的主谓一致
⑴主语由and或both… and 连接，谓语动词用复数形式（不可数名词谓语也用复数）Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop.
Mr. John and Mrs. John are scientists.
【友情提示】
① and连接的名词表达的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词公用一个冠词（代词），谓语动词用单数形式。

The singer and dancer is to attend the party. 那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家将参加这次晚会。

Bread and butter is her favorite food. 黄油面包是她最喜欢的食物。

【比较】： My friend and lawyer has caught a cold. 译为：。

My friend and my lawyer have caught a cold. 译为：。

②用and连接的两个名词表示同一概念的常见短语有：
一副刀叉 a knife and fork 针线 a needle and thread
数形式。

例如： Each boy and each girl was given a book.
⑶当either… or …, neither… nor…, not… but also… , not… but…, or等连接并列主语时，谓语动词应遵循“就近“原则，即根据最靠近谓语动词的主语来确定。

例如： You, he or I am right. 我，你或者他是对的。

Is either he or you right? 是他还是你对了？
⑷主语后有with, together with, along with, besides, but, including, as well as, rather than, except, in addition to等短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。

例如： All the students besides Marry have gone to the cinema.
He as well as I works very hard.
I, rather than you, am to blame for it.
四、动名词短语、动词不定式短语或名词性从句充当句子主语时，谓语动词用单数
例如：To get on well with him is hard.
What she said is right.
【友情提示】由and连接的动词不定式短语等，其谓语动词主语根据句子的单复数概念决定。

例如： When and where to hold the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
When to hold the meeting and where to hold it are two things.
五、其他结构作主语的主谓一致
⑴在there be…句型中，如主语不止一个，谓语动词根据“就近”原则，常和最靠近的那个主语在单复数上保持一致，以here开头的句子也是如此。

Here are my replies to your questions.
There is an apple, two oranges and some bananas on the plate.
⑵在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后主语一致
Between the two windows hangs a picture.
Now comes your turn.
⑶由some of, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most of, the rest of, all (of), half (of), 分数/ 百分数 + of+ 名词等短语作主语时，其谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。

例如： A lot of students are waiting outside.
Lots of water has been polluted.
【友情提示】population 表示“人口”，即一个国家或地区居民的数目时，其谓要用单数，但如其后出现复数名词与其呼应时，谓语要用复数。

例如：Just under a third of the population now smokes
About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants.
⑷在四则运算中，谓语动词多用单数，也可用复数
Two and ten is twelve.
Two times eight is sixteen.
时，谓语动词用单数。

The old are taken good care of here.
The old gives place to the new. 新陈代谢。

（抽象概念）
表示一类人或事物的词还有：
the poor 穷人 the living活着的人 the dying 垂死的人 the rich 富人
the dead死人 the injured 伤员 the wounded伤员 the young年轻人the ordinary普通人
⑹the number of 和 a number of
the number of +复数名词，表示“……的数目”，其作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。

a number of + 复数名词，表示“许多”，其作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。

例如： The number of the people present at the meeting was about four hundred.
A number of people were late for the meeting.
⑺ The majority of + 复数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但the majority单独作主语时，其谓语单复数均可。

例如：The majority of boys like football.
The majority were/ was in favor of the proposal.
⑻“a/ an + 单数名词+ or two ”作主语时，谓语一般用单数，但“one or two+ 复数名词”作主语时，谓语要用复数
A student or two has failed the exam.
One or two reasons were suggested.
⑼This kind/ sort of +名词作主语，谓语常用单数，但“复数名词+ of this kind”作主语，谓语动词常用复数
This kind of question is very hard. = Questions of this kind are very hard.
【随堂练】
1. she or you going to Beijing next month?
A Was
B Is
C Were
D are
2. The kilometers way.
A are quite long
B are quite a long
C is quite a long
D is a quite long
3. The singer and dancer yet.
A don’t come
B didn’t come
C haven’t come
D hasn’t come
4. One million dollars a lot of money for every one.
A are
B mean
C are thought
D is
5. The United Nations in 1945.
A are set up
B were set up
C was set up
D is set up
6. The nations of Western Europe worth learning from.
A is
B are
C has
D have
7. The Greens France since the spring of 1990.
A have been to
B have been in
C has been to
D had been in
8. How time flies! Three years really a short time.
A is
B are
C was
D were
9. John and his uncle going hiking tomorrow.
A be
B am
C is
D are
10. When the United Nations founded?
A is
B was
C are
D were
11. --Why did you choose English instead of Japanese?
--Because Japanese as popular as English.
A isn’t
B aren’t
C has been
D have been
12. The Chinese peace but they aren’t afraid of war.
A love
B loves
C loved
D loving
13. He is one of the best students in his class who by their teacher.
A praises
B is praised
C praise
D are praised
14. No news good news.
A am
B are
C is
D be
15. With the help of people， the number of pandas more and more.
A is getting
B are getting
C got
D hasn’t got
16. that pair of new Tony’s?
A Are; shoes
B Is; shoes
C Are; shoes
D Is; shoe
17. politics difficult for you to learn.
A Are
B Do
C Does
D Is
18. Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A is
B are
C has
D have
19. Such poets as Shakespeare widely read, of whose works, however, some difficult to understand.
A are; are
B is; is
C are; is
D is; are
20. Mary is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who evening dress.
A wear
B wears
C has worn
D have worn
21. Three died in the terrible fire in this area last winter.
A hundreds people
B hundred people
C hundreds peoples
D hundred peoples
22. three million tons of coal every year in the city.
A is exploited
B are exploited
C had exploited
D have exploited
23. Stories of the Long March popular with the young people now.
A is
B was
C are
D were
24. I, who your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.
A am
B is
C are
D be
【课后练习】
25. Miss Huang together with her friends shopping every Sunday evening.
A go
B went
C going
D goes
26. --How many students are there in your class?
-- the students in our class over fifty.
A The number of; is
B The number of; are
C A number of; is
D A number of; are
27. There some foreign visitors talking a walk in the park.
A is
B are
C has
D have
28. Everyone except Tom and John there when the meeting began.
A was
B were
C is
D are
29. Each of the students a dictionary.
A have
B has
C is
D are
30. --How many teachers are there in your school?
--About 150. One third of them men teachers.
A have
B has
C are
D is
31. When and where to go for the holiday yet.
A have not been decided
B is not decided
C are not decided
D has not been decided
32.--Do you know the population of Yunan ?
--Yes. It’s about forty-three million.
A how many; is
B what; is
C how much; is
D what; are
33. He asked me ten questions. The first five were easy, but the rest difficult.
A were
B are
C was
D is
34. The poor happy; but the rich sad.
A is; is
B are; are
C is; are
D are; is
35. Many a man had that kind of experience.
A have
B has
C is
D are
36. No food and no water in the house.
A is
B has
C are
D have
37. Either my friends or I going to the library on Monday.
A is
B be
C am
D are
38. Only one and a half oranges on the plate.
A is
B are
C be
D was
39. To save time to lengthen life.
A are
B was
C were
D is
40. There a football match and two table tennis matches between Class Eight next week.
A will have
B has
C is going to be
D are gone to be
41. --There no orange juice in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?
--All right, Mum.
A is
B are
C was
D were
42. Nothing difficult in the world, it?
A are, are
B is, isn’t
C are, aren’t
D is, is
43. On the east of the river three buildings.
A lies
B stands
C stand
D are standing
44. Swimming in pool with children very interesting.
A has
B have
C is
D are
45. On every piece of the paper pictures of some horses.
A is
B are
C has
D have
46. In our city of the people to Han Nationality.
A three fifths, belong
B three fifth, belong
C three fifths, belongs
D three fifth, belongs
47. More than one idea put up with at the class meeting.
A have
B has
C has been
D have been
48. Whether you will learn English well or not your hard work.
A depend on
B depend
C depends
D depends on
49. Half of the apple bad.
A are
B is
C were
D has
50. Look! There playing with the children on Dongfeng Square.
A are a number of deer
B is a number of deer
C are a number of deers
D is a number of deers
51. Neither Jim nor his brother a few cities in the south since they were 20 years old.
A will visit
B has visited
C have visited
D visited
52. Either you or the president the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.
A is handing out
B are to hand out
C are handing out
D is to hand out
54. There a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep up.
A were; it
B are; them
C was; it
D is; them
55. Both rice and wheat grown in our country.
A is
B are
C was
D were
56. either of your parents come to see you recently?
A Have
B Had
C Has
D Is
57. What the children in the mountain village need good books.
A is
B are
C have
D has
58. The whole family TV attentively.
A are watching
B is watching
C is seeing
D are seeing
59. Nothing but several glassed bought by my father the day before yesterday.
A was
B were
C have been
D would be
60. At the bus stop a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.
A were
B was
C is
D sits
61. There little change in that middle school.
A have
B had
C have been
D has been
62. 75% of the earth’s surface with water.
A is covered
B is covering
C were covered
D are covered
63. Not only you but also I able to help him out.
A are
B is
C am
D were。