川师笔译学生作业3

凯程葛老师为大家整理四川师范大学翻译硕士笔译学生上课笔记与课后作业：
Key Points:
Ⅰ.直译与意译
直译“literal translation”or“word-for-word translation”
意译“liberal translation"or"free translation"．
A.Literal Translation
1.Literal translation is asked
1)not to alter the figures of speech,
2)strive to retain the original sentence structures or patterns as much as
possible.
It strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of the original works and retains as much as possible the figures of speech.
2.直译并不是死译
Example1.如今江湖上歹人多。

（36回）
Example2.(……那捕盗官司的人，哪里敢下乡村来？若是那上司官员差他们缉捕人来，）都吓得屎尿齐流，（怎敢正眼儿看他！）
B.Free Translation
1.Free translation changes the original work’s figures of speech,sentence
structures or patterns,but not the original meaning.
It stresses the TL smoothnes s.
It aims at the communicative effect of the translated version.
2.意译并不是乱译。

It is easy to compress a gas，it is just a matter of reducing the space between the molecules.Like a liquid a gas has no shape，but unlike a liquid it will expand and fill any container it is put in.
bination of Literal Translation and Free Translation
翻译的最高境界是直译与意译的融合。

静夜思（李白）
床前明月光，疑是地上霜。

举头望明月，低头思故乡。

Version1:In the still of the night(直译+意译)
意译I descry bright moonlight in front of my bed.
直译I suspect it to be hoary frost on the floor.
直译I watch the bright moon,as I tilt back my head.
意译I yearn,while stooping,for my homeland more.
Xu Zhongjie
Ⅱ.异化与归化
Teaching Purpose:to know and master translation methods through translation
practice
Teaching Methods:Students’pre-class assignment will be checked through some questions and answers about translation methods,and then more details and related translation practice will be added so as to enable students to master these translation methods.
●异化和归化可以被视为直译和意译的概念延伸，但又不完全等同于直译和意译。

●直译和意译主要是局限于语言层面的价值取向，而异化和归化则是立足于文化大语境下的价值取向，两者之间的差异是显而易见的。

异化译法能把一种文化和语言中的信息以近乎保持其本来面目的方式贡献给另一种文化及语言，有利于两种异质文化和语言的相互交流、渗透和融合。

The Trojan Horse特洛伊木马Crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪hot dog“热狗”hot line“热线”chain stores“连锁店”round-table conference“圆桌会议”baptism of war “战争洗礼”
归化译法：把一种文化中的异质成分转化为另一种文化中人们所熟知的内容，使读者领略到不同文化之间不谋而合的妙趣，降低了理解的难度。

但在翻译过程中，却失去了了解、欣赏和借鉴其他国家和民族文化的意义。

A.Foreignizing method(or Minoritizing Translation):
异化法是“对译语文化价值观的一种民族偏离主义的压力，接受外语文本的语言及文化差异，把读者带入外国情景。

”
1.I supposed I should be condemned in Hareton Earnshaw’s heart,if not by his mouth,to the lowest pit in the infernal region s…(E.Bronte:Wuthering Heights)
2.Unless you have an ace up your sleeve,we are dished.
3.he has fished in Manhattan’s wallet and dug out coins…
4.Consequently Mr.Micawber was soon so overcome,that he mingled his tears with hers and mine.(C.Dickens:David Copperfield)
异化法的运用是用一定限度的，主要表现在：一是译语语言文化的限度，二是译语读者接受能力的限度。

译者应把异化视为翻译的主要方法，但采用异化的译法，还应注意限度。

B.Domesticating method(or Domestication):
归化法是“采取民族中心主义的态度，使外语文本符合译入语的文化价值观，把原作者带入译入语文化。

”
语贵适境，写作如此，翻译也如此。

凡是在异化法行不通的时候，译者就要力求冲破原文语言形式的束缚，特别是学会从原文词法、句法结构的框框中“跳”出来，将原文意思融
汇于心，设法寻找汉语在同样场合的习惯说法，译出通达晓畅的汉语来。

1.Miss Sedley was almost as flurried at the act of defiance as Miss Jemima had been;for, consider,it was but one minute that she had left school,and the impressions of six years are not got over in that space of time.(W.M.Thackeray:Vanity Fair)
2.Each of us has his carrot and stick.In my case,the stick is my slackening physical condition,which keeps me from beating opponents at tennis whom I overwhelmed two years ago.My carrot is to win.
3.The first time I saw her,half of my life ago,she nearly took my breath away.
翻译中采用归化译法，也要防止归化过头，即不顾原文的语言形式，不顾原语的民族文化特征，一味追求译文的通顺和优美，甚至在译文中使用一些具有独特的译语文体色彩的表达手段，读起来颇像原作者在用译语写作一样。

因为这样可能产生“文化误导”。

我们在翻译外国作品时，有几种汉语成语是不宜使用的：一是反映中华民族特殊习俗的，如“拂袖而去”、“腰缠万贯”、“罄竹难书”等；二是带有汉字特征的，如“目不识丁”、“八字没一撇”等；三是含有中国地名的，如“稳如泰山”、“黔驴技穷”、“夜郎自大”、“洛阳纸贵”等；四是含有中国人名的，如“名落孙山”、“江郎才尽”、“事后诸葛亮”等。

bination of foreignizing and domesticating methods.
I passed out of my mind,and the next thing I knew I was sitting down on the ground, very cold in the shadows,and looking up at the rock where I had been within an eyelash of eternity…There are such reflections,and for some of them I have the names.
为了实现“文化传真”的使命，译者应树立这一观念：归化主要表现在“纯语言层面”上，在“文化层面”上则应力求最大限度的异化。

Post-class Assignment
Part1.Translate the following sentences.
1.Justice has long arms.
2.They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them.
3.…and that government of the people,by the people,for the people,shall not perish from
the earth.
4.Studies serve for delight,for ornament and for ability.
5.Sickness and trouble:that’s what Ethan’s had his plate full with,ever since the every first helping.
6.She has beauty still,and,if it be not in its heyday,it is not yet in its autumn.
7.An Englishman who had just landed in China entered a restaurant to appease the pangs of hunger.Unfortunately he knew no Chinese and the waiter knew no English;so they were both thrown on mother wit.John Chinaman articulated“Bowwow”,to which John Bull moved his head from right to left.Then the waiter said“Quack,quack!”to which the customer moved his head from sky to earth,and the inner man was soon satisfied.
st night I heard him driving his pigs to market.
9.Keep your shirt on,we’ve lots of time to get to the airport.
10.He is being a good boy now.
11.Youth is not a time of life;it is a state of mind;it is not a matter of rosy cheeks,red lips and supple knees;it is a matter of the will,a quality of the imagination;a vigour of the emotions.
12.She would never believe anything in trousers.
Part2.用归化、异化融合法翻译下列诗歌
As fair art thou,my bonnie lass,
So deep in luve am I;
And I will luve thee still,my dear,
Till a the seas gone dry.
Till a the seas gone dry,my dear,
Ana the rocks melt wi the sun:
And I will luve thee still,my dear,
While the sands o life shall run.(Burns,1933)。