-2018上海市上海中学高三上学期周练英语试题(一)讲课教案

上海中学高三周考

II.Grammar and vocabulary

Section A 10%

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

There seems never 21 (be) a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.

In the ancient world, as is today, most boys 22 (play) with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies 23 social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls 24 (prepare), even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.

25 is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly 26 craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology.

It is the universality (普遍性) of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present 27 is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的) people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life 28 toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.

Because toys 29 be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3,000 BC to 30 used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness (独创性). Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be

used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

which we are willing if necessary to pay a price. Common addictions involve alcohol cigarettes food drugs gambling etc. This article discusses the concepts which can be

31 in coping with addictive behavior.

32 minor addictions such as watching too much television or lying in bed on weekend mornings are often not even considered addictions because the price paid for engaging in them is not high. On the other hand we tend to use the term “addict” to describe the person who at least in the eyes of others continues to be addicted in a behavior long after it has become 33 that the substantial price being paid was not worth the benefit. The individual who has lost career house family and friends because of cocaine (可卡因) use but is 34 to consider stopping is an unfortunate example.

Negative addictions range from those with very minor negative consequences to those as serious as the cocaine addict just mentioned with much 35 in between. Although it is not 36 true that a negative addiction grows stronger over time yet a constant level of addictive behavior (e.g. overspending $ 200 a week ) can lead to an increasing level of negative consequences.

You may be 37 to learn that addictions can also be considered positive. Positive addictions are those in which the benefits outweigh the price. A common example would be the habit of regular exercise. The price of membership in a gym the time involved and any clothing expense is outweighed by the benefits of better health energy self-confidence and appearance. As with negative addictions positive addictions may not get stronger over time and there is a broad 38 of how much benefit is actually obtained.

What is common to both positive and negative addictions is the urge to engage in the addictive behavior and the satisfaction that is 39 when the urge is acted upon. The urge is a state of 40 and expectation that is experienced uncomfortably as a desire for the substance or activity. Because we experience relief when the urge is acted upon there is an increased likelihood that we will act on the urge again.

III.Reading comprehension

Section A