第12讲 状语从句(下)

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第12讲状语从句(下)

高考重点要求:

学习状语从句主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别

第一节知识梳理

时间状语从句

时间状语从句高考重难点突破:

●when, while和as的区别:when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬间动词。

并且when有时表示“就在那时”。

Eg. W hen she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我停止吃饭。(瞬间动词)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.

当我住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)

We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。(瞬间动词)

●While引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并

且while有时还可以表示对比。

Eg.While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.

(was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生)

I like playing football while you like playing basketball.

我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)

●As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as

也可以强调“一先一后。

Eg. We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”)

As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)

●由before和after引导的时间状语从句

注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时,则主句动词多用过去完成时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。

Eg.It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。

Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。

My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.

我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。

They had not been married four months before they were divorced.

他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。

After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.

你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。

After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后,我们回家了。

(从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时)

●由since引导的时间状语从句

since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。

Eg:I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。

Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了?

It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。

It is five months since our boss was in Beijing. 我们老板离开北京有五个月了。

知识扩展:

1. It is since从。。。以来多长时间了(因为since +从句或名词,表示一段时间)

It is five years since we met last time.从我们上次见面已经五年了。

2.It is +before…(……才)

It was a long time before I went to sleep again. 过了很长时间我才睡着。

It was an hour before(=until)the police arrived. 过了一个小时,警察才来。

表示“一……就……”:

hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序。Eg. H e had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.

他刚到家,就被邀请开始另一旅程。

No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起,他就起床劳动去了。

Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in. 我刚坐下,他就进来了。

He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.

他刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。

条件状语从句

条件状语从句高考重难点突破

条件状语从句的时态:

遵循原则:主语与从句时态上保持一致的原则

条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时,那么从句常常用一般现在时,有时也可以用现在进行时和现在完成时。

Eg. He’ll be a doctor when he finished studying here.

他结束在这儿的学习之后,将会成为一名医生。

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll start. 明天如果不下雨,我们就出发。

有时主句中用祈使句和情态动词来替代将来时态

Eg. If you get the book, let me know. 如果你弄到了那本书,告诉我一声。

If he feels like seeing the sights of the city, he can take a bus tour.

如果他想看城市风光,他可以做城市观光车。

如果主句谓语动词是want, hope等词,则条件状语从句用一般现在时。

Eg. What do you want to do if you have much money?如果你有很多钱,你想要做什么?

I hope to see her if I’m free. 如果我有空,我希望去看看她。

在有些句子中,主、从句都可用一般现在时。

Eg.If you ring this number, no one answers. 如果你打这个电话号码,不会有人接。

If you press the switch, the computer comes on. 如果你按这个开关,计算机就会启动。

让步状语从句

让步状语从句高考重难点突破:

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