典型压水堆核电厂一回路热力系统小破口失水事故计算分析

典型压水堆核电厂一回路热力系统小破口失水事故计算分析

核工程与核技术专业

学生指导老师

[摘要]压水堆是使用轻水作冷却剂和慢化剂，在高温、高压条件下运行的核反应堆，它所使用的燃料为低浓度的浓缩铀。在20世纪80年代，压水堆被认为是技术最成熟，最经济，最安全的堆型。目前，我国内地大部分正在运行和在建机组为压水堆机组。而压水堆核电站与普通火电站的最大区别就在于：它的一回路带有放射性。当压水堆发生小破口失水事故后，可能导致反应堆冷却剂中的放射性物质进入安全壳，经安全壳泄露之后，会污染环境。而通过研究典型压水堆核电厂一回路热力系统在小破口失水事故工况下的系统响应，能够让我们对压水堆核电厂的安全有更直观的认识，确保核电能够安全有效的为人类服务。

本论文是以典型压水堆核电厂为研究对象，用RELAP5软件为工具，对核电厂的一回路热力系统进行建模和仿真。建模和仿真的范围是：反应堆冷却剂系统(RCP)、与安全分析有关的一回路辅助系统。一回路辅助系统主要包括：辅助给水系统(ASG)、反应堆余热排出系统(RRA)、安全注入系统(RIS)和化学容积控制系统(RCV)。在建模的过程中运用了模块化结构的方法，即：先将一回路的热力系统模型分解为若干个功能独立，能够分别调试、设计以及验证的模块，然后再逐层耦合组成分系统模型，最后整合成完整的一回路热力系统模型。

根据所建一回路热力系统模型进行稳态计算，并将计算结果与典型压水堆核电厂的数据进行对比分析。在此基础上，对冷管段的小破口失水事故的极限工况瞬态过程进行了模拟和分析，通过仿真实验，了解事故发生过程中反应堆堆芯的热工水力状况。

[关键词] 压水堆，RELAP5，一回路热力系统，建模，小破口失水事故

The analysis and calculation of typical nuclear power plant thermodynamic system of PWR primary small loca

Nuclear Engineering and Nuclear Technology

Student:Adviser:

[ABSTRACT]Pressurized water reactor is the use of light water as coolant and moderator, running in the condition of high temperature, high pressure reactor, the fuel is uranium of low concentration. In twentieth Century 80 time, pressurized water reactor is considered to be the most mature technology, the economy, the security of the reactor type. At present, the mainland of China and most are in operation and under construction units for pressurized water reactor. The pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant with the biggest difference between ordinary thermal power station is a loop: it's radioactive. When a small break loss of coolant accident for pressurized water reactor, the reactor coolant may lead to radioactive substances into the containment, after security shell leakage, pollution of the environment. The loss of coolant accident response by studying typical pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant thermodynamic system of a loop, so that we can have a more intuitive understanding of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant safety, ensure that nuclear power is safe and effective for the human services.

This paper is based on the typical pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant as the research object, using RELAP5 software as a tool, the modeling and Simulation of a loop of nuclear power plant thermal system. Scope: Modeling and Simulation of the reactor coolant system (RCP), and safety analysis of auxiliary system related. Auxiliary system mainly includes: auxiliary feedwater system (ASG), the reactor residual heat removal system (RRA), safety injection system (RIS) and the chemical and volume control system (RCV). In the modeling process using the method of modularization structure, namely: first the thermodynamic system model of a circuit is divided into several independent function, can be respectively debugging, design and verification module, and then layer by layer coupling component system model, finally integrated into a complete loop model of thermodynamic system.

According to the calculation of the loop thermodynamic system model for steady state, and compare the results with a typical pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant by the comparative analysis of the data. On this basis, the simulation and analysis of transient process of small break loss of coolant accident of cooling pipe, through the simulation experiments, to understand the thermal hydraulic conditions in the process of the accident the reactor core.

[Keywords] Pressurized-water reactor，RELAP5, The first loop thermal system，Modeling，Small break loss-of-coolant accident．