人教版高中历史必修二专题二
人教版高中历史必修2 单元综合二：专题串讲：两次工业革命与世界市场的形成29页PPT
60、生活的道路一旦选定，就要勇敢地 走到底 ，决不 回头。 ——左
人教版高中历史必修2 单元综合二： 专题串讲：两次工业革命与世界市场
的形成
11、不为五斗米折腰。 、芳菊开林耀，青松冠岩列。怀此 贞秀姿 ，卓为 霜下杰 。
13、归去来兮，田蜀将芜胡不归。 14、酒能祛百虑，菊为制颓龄。 15、春蚕收长丝，秋熟靡王税。
56、书不仅是生活，而且是现在、过 去和未 来文化 生活的 源泉。 ——库 法耶夫 57、生命不可能有两次，但许多人连一 次也不 善于度 过。— —吕凯 特 58、问渠哪得清如许，为有源头活水来 。—— 朱熹 59、我的努力求学没有得到别的好处， 只不过 是愈来 愈发觉 自己的 无知。 ——笛 卡儿
整理高中历史必修2_人教版高中历史必修二
整理人 尼克高中历史必修2人教版高中历史必修二第19课《战后资本主义的新变化》教学设计一、课标要求：以第二次世界大战后美国等国家为例，分析当代资本主义的新变化。
二、学情分析：我校高一学生从整体来看学生求知欲望强烈，智力水平中等，有一定的学习能力，但能力水平和学习习惯相对重点学校较低，历史基础差，普遍在初中阶段对历史不够重视，对知识的掌握还没有形成体系，分析问题往往从个人喜好和经验出发，缺乏理性、深度。
这节课涉及当代资本主义经济的有关问题和概念，比较抽象，学生难于理解，所以,在教学中应用创设情景、启发式谈话法，从学生喜闻乐见的材料入手，选用一些形象生动的图片、漫画等素材，帮助学生学习，调动学生的学习兴趣，培养和提高其历史思维能力。
三、教材分析：本课是世界现代经济史的重要一课，涉及西方资本主义的经济发展的运行方式、发展模式，上承罗斯福新政的国家加强对经济的干预和社会保障制度的建立，下接战后资本主义世界经济体系的形成和区域集团化全球化趋势，这节课与当今世界经济发展有着承上启下的紧密联系，涉及当代资本主义经济的有关问题和概念，比较抽象，一课时难讲清楚，因此选取了教材当中的前两个子目作为授课内容。
四、【教学目标】1、知识与能力了解战后美国等资本主义国家经济发展采取的措施；理解国家垄断资本主义、福利国家、的概念。
能够运用战后资本主义国家经济发展的措施来理解战后出现的新变化。
2、过程与方法采用“材料分析”“论从史出”、“场景设置”“学以致用”的思路展开教学，学生通过阅读史料、观察相关图表，掌握提取有效信息、分析数据的能力；通过思考讨论西方福利制度的利弊，培养全面、客观分析和比较历史现象，辩证地观察和分析历史问题的能力；通过分析二战后资本主义新变化的本质及原因，对中国改革开放的启示，学生懂得分析历史要从表象看到本质，懂得多角度分析问题，培养学生借鉴历史经验解决实际问题的能力；学生在参与情景讨论的过程中,锻炼自主学习和口头表达能力。
(完整版)高中历史人教版必修二知识点总结
(完整版)高中历史人教版必修二知识点总
结
高中历史人教版必修二知识点总结
本文将对高中历史人教版必修二的知识点进行总结，帮助学生更好地复和掌握相关内容。
第一章秦汉帝国
- 法家思想：以法律为中心，重视法治，代表人物为李斯。
- 战国时期的变局：列举了战国七雄，并简要介绍了秦国崛起的背景和过程。
- 一统天下的始末：分析了秦始皇统一六国后采取的措施和影响，以及秦朝的衰落原因。
第二章希腊罗马的文明
- 古希腊城邦：讲解了古希腊城邦的特点和各类政治制度。
- 古希腊的哲学与科学：介绍了古希腊哲学家的代表人物和他们的思想，以及古希腊的科学成就。
- 古罗马帝国：概述了古罗马帝国的建立、扩张和衰落的历史过程。
- 古罗马法的影响：介绍了古罗马法的特点和对后世法律制度的影响。
第三章民族大迁徙与北欧海盗
- 民族大迁徙的背景：分析了民族大迁徙的原因，包括汉族与契丹族之间的关系。
- 北欧海盗的活动：介绍了北欧海盗对欧洲的影响，包括维京人的扩张和海上掠夺活动。
- 西方封建社会的形成：讲解了西方封建社会的形成和特点，包括封建制度和封建等级。
- 典型封建国家的比较：对比了英法德等国封建社会的特点和制度。
第四章阿拉伯帝国的崛起
- 的创立：讲解了的创立和基本教义，以及先知穆罕默德的生平。
- 阿拉伯帝国的扩张：介绍了阿拉伯帝国从麦加开始的扩张和征服，以及对所征服地区的统治和文化影响。
- 阿拉伯文化的传播：概述了阿拉伯文化在科学、哲学、医学等领域的繁荣和传播。
以上是高中历史人教版必修二的主要知识点总结，仅供参考。
详细内容请参阅教材。
人教版高中历史必修2教案：2
第5课《开辟新航路》教学设计本课是人教版高中历史必修二经济模块, 资本主义世界市场的形成与发展专题的开篇内容。
本课内容在世界近代史教材中的地位非常重要, 对欧洲和整个世界历史影响巨大, 特别是对世界近代历史产生了巨大的影响, 起着上承资本主义萌芽, 下启殖民扩张和殖民掠夺的过渡衔接作用。
【知识与能力】（1）识记寻金热、商业危机、新航路开辟过程等基本史实；（2）理解新航路开辟的根源和主客观条件；欧洲航海家们的表现具有“非正义的进步性”；（3）学会辩证地认识和评价历史人物。
【过程与方法】（1）通过创设一定的历史情境, 由学生扮演航海之旅中的不同角色, 让学生感知历史, 使学生了解航海的原因和所具备的条/件, 感悟航海家的精神；（2）通过设计有探讨价值的问题, 让学生以小组为单位展开讨论, 各抒己见, 在相互交流中得到共同提高；（3）通过对材料的讨论, 进一步理解新航路开辟的原因及对世界市场形成的影响。
【情感态度价值观】（1）新航路的开辟是由资本主义萌芽产生、各种综合因素共同作用的结果；（2）感受和学习探险家们勇于进取的开拓精神；（3）新航路的开辟是历史的进步, 它促进了人类文明的发展；（4）通过对新航路开辟的客观条件的分析, 领会中国古代发明对推动世界历史前进的重大作用, 使学生认识到中国古代科技文明在推动世界历史发展中的重大作用, 激发学生奋发图强、报效祖国、再铸辉煌的爱国主义情感。
【重点】新航路开辟的经过和影响【难点】地理大发现使世界日益联结成一个整体。
课前准备新航路的开辟, 为促进世界各地区间的联系、资本主义的兴起和发展创造了地理方面的便利, 是推动历史发展进程的客观条件, 所以本课应以新航路开辟的原因、条件、过程和影响为主线展开教学。
在教学中可层层设疑, 进行问题探究/。
问题的设置要有层次, 以激发每一位学生的学习积极性, 贯彻面向全体的原则。
同时要鼓励学生大胆发表自己/的见解, 只要言之有理即可, 以培养学生的发散性思维。
高中历史必修二知识点最全汇总
高中历史必修二知识点最全汇总专题一古代中国经济的基本结构与特点1、古代中国的农业了解从刀耕火种到铁犁牛耕的农业耕作方式的变革(1)刀耕火种：原始农业的主要耕作方法。
即人们先用石刀、石斧把树木砍倒，晒干后放火焚烧，然后再用石犁翻土播种。
这种耕作方式被称为“刀耕火种”或“火耕”。
(2)耜耕：随着松土工具耒耜的出现和普遍使用，标志着我国农业进入了“耜耕”或“石器锄耕”阶段。
商周时期，出现了青铜农具。
由于青铜比较珍贵，在农业生产中很少使用。
木制的耒耜和石锄、石犁，仍是人们进行农业生产的重要工具。
(3)铁犁牛耕：春秋战国时期，人们开始使用铁农具和牛耕并将其逐步推广。
汉朝以后，铁犁牛耕成为中国传统农业的主要耕作方式。
理解古代小农经济(自然经济)的基本含义(1)形成原因(条件)：春秋战国时期，铁农具的出现和牛耕的逐步推广，提高了社会生产力。
伴随着封建土地私有制的确立，以一家一户为单位男耕女织的个体小农经济逐步形成。
(2)特点：小农经济以家庭为生产、生活单位，农业和家庭手工业相结合，生产主要是为满足自家的基本生活需要和交纳赋税。
这种自给自足的自然经济，是中国传统农业社会生产的基本模式。
(3)作用：小农经济是推动精耕细作技术发展的主要动力;小农经济是封建王朝财政收入的主要来源，它的兴衰关系到封建经济的繁荣和封建政权的安危。
(4)地位和影响：自给自足的自然经济，始终在中国封建经济中占据主导地位。
自然经济的牢固存在，是中国封建社会发展缓慢和长期延续的重要原因。
2、古代中国的手工业发展了解古代中国在丝织、冶金和制瓷等手工业部门取得的主要成就(1)丝织业：我国是世界上最早养蚕缫丝织绸的国家。
距今四五千年，我国已养蚕并有了丝织品。
商朝时已有了织机，能织出多种丝织品。
西周时能生产出斜纹提花织物。
唐朝丝织技术高，以轻盈精湛著称，还吸收了波斯的织法和图案风格。
宋朝丝织品品种繁多，织锦吸收了花鸟画中的写实风格，图案生动活泼。
明清中央或地方官府设在苏杭等地的织造局生产的丝织品超过前代，特别是细密精致的缎，成为清朝丝织品的代表。
高中历史人教版必修二《第二次工业革命》课件
第二次工业革命
教学课件
课堂导入
世界第一辆汽车
世界第一辆四轮汽车
课堂导入
电灯
世界上第一架飞机
课堂导入
这些图片大家并不陌生，这些交通工具与照明电灯与现在现代化的设备 相比较确实比较简陋，但是正是这些产品的问世，宣告了人类历史上又一次 革命时代的到来。
那么这一次革命是什么呢？这就是我们要学习的人类历史上的第二次工 业革命。
“电气时代”和“钢铁时代”。
世界市场的发展
➢ 特点： ➢ 第一次工业革命时期，许多技术发明都来源于工匠的实践经验第
二次工业革命时期，科学成为推动生产力发展的一个重要因素。 ➢ 第一次工业革命揭开了资本主义工业化的序幕，第二次工业革命
则将工业化推进到一个新阶段。 ➢ 第一次工业革命首先发生在英国，重要的新机器和新生产方法主
世界市场的发展
第二次工业革命和第一次工业革命有什么相 同和不同之处？与第一次工业革命相比较第二 次，工业革命具有哪些特点？
世界市场的发展
相同：两次工业革命都带来了生产关系的深刻变化：第 一次工业革命确立了现代工厂制，第二次工业革命确立 了 制、垄断制。
推进新课
世界市场的发展
➢ 不同： ➢ 前者以蒸汽机的发明和应用为标志，后者以电力、电动机和内
世界市场的发展
➢ 以电动机为代表的第二次技术革命，使工业革命发展到一个新阶段。 电力与电报、电话和无线电通讯等伟大的发明使人类的生活进入了一 个更光明、更美好的新时期，也使世界市场得到进一步发展。资本主 义把全世界都作为它的活动舞台，不间断地掠夺世界各地区，到19世 纪末进入帝国主义时期终于把世界瓜分完毕，世界成为一个有机的整 体，资本主义世界体系从而最终建立起来。
人民版高中历史必修二教案(全套)
专题一古代中国的经济基本结构与特点一古代中国的农业经济课标要求：知道古代中国农业的主要耕作方式和土地制度，了解古代中国农业经济的基本特点。
教学目标：（1）、知识与能力：了解中国远古时期，农业就占据了主导经济的地位。
了解古代中国农业的主要耕作方式和生产工具的演进。
了解中国古代赋税和徭役，进而明白古代中国的农民承受的沉重负担。
了解古代中国的土地制度和土地兼并问题。
了解古代中国水利事业在农业经济发展中的重大作用。
通过对课本内容的学习理解古代中国农业占据主导的经济地位的原因，从而锻炼历史分析和历史概括的能力。
通过对主要耕作方式和生产工具的演进的了解，理解工具变革在生产发展中的关键作用，从而培养学生运用唯物主义观点分析问题和解决问题的能力。
（2）、过程与方法：学生可以根据教材内容以及教材所提供的历史史料和历史图片，并在教师的指导下，进行大胆想象、数理分析和创新性思维。
并使学生学会用比较法、阅读法、观察法和历史联想法等方法进行历史问题的分析和解决。
（3）、情感态度与价值观：通过对本课的学习，使学生知道古代中国有高度发达的农业文明；我们的祖先在生产实践中建造了大量的世界闻名的水利工程，从而增强民族自豪感和自信心，加深对伟大祖国的热爱之情。
教学课时：1.5课时。
重点难点：重点：理解和认识中国古代的土地制度和赋税制度。
难点：理解中国古代依附于土地的两个不同阶级的深层次关系；理解土地集中与农业经济发展和民众暴动的关系；理解生产工具的革新与经济发展的辩证关系。
导入新课：打出十二生肖的图片，（设问）：十二生肖中有哪些与农业有关的动物？（马、羊、鸡、狗、猪、牛）；（设问）：为什么有如此多与农业相关的生肖？（农业在古代的重要性地位），今天我们就来共同学习专题一第一节：古代农业经济。
鉴于本节内容较松散，可以先让学生快速阅读各目标题，归纳出本节主要内容。
然后在教师引导下，使学生明白本节主要讲述了以下几方面内容：农业的起源、农耕方式和农耕工具的改进、赋税和徭役繁重、土地兼并问题、古代水利事业的发展。
高中历史(人民版)必修二专题二、三复习课件
B.中共八大：（42）年
分析国内主要矛盾： ①人民对于建立先进的( 43 )的要求同落后的( 44)的 现实之间的矛盾； ②人民对于( 45 )的需要同当前( 46 )不能满足人民 需要的状况之间的矛盾。
提出主要任务： 就是集中力量使中国尽快地从( 47 )变为( 48 )。
C.1958年：( 49
)运动
四特征： 高指标、瞎指挥、( 50 )； 性质： ( 51 )错误严重泛滥开来； 影响： 造成社会（52）的极大破坏。
3.2 伟大的历史性转折——改革开放（1978年起） 改革：
A.从农村开始：实施 （ 53 ） 制：
主要内容：实行（ 54
），包干到户的责任制。
），
作用：这是（ 55 ）的一次重大变革，调动了（ 56 从根本上改变农村的经济形势和社会面貌。
民族资本主义工业兴起三途径：
a. 一部分（ 8 ）、官僚、买办、商人、 华侨等投资于近代工矿企业； b. 部分手工工场开始采用（ 转变为近代工矿企业。 9 ）生产，
c. （10 ）派创办的近代军事和民用工业， 也促进了民族工业的发展。
民族资本主义工业产生时著名企业：
a. 方赞举、孙英德在上海虹口创办的（ 11 ）厂；
中国民族工业的曲折发展历程：
1、时间： ①产生： （ 1 ） ）
②初步发展：（ 2
③短暂的春天： （
3
）
④短暂发展：国民党统治前期
⑤遭沉重打击：抗战时期
⑥陷入困境
（
4
）
鸦片战争后中国自然经济开始解体的标志 及其影响
鸦片战争后，( 5 )业的衰败， 标志自然经济开始解体。 影响：自然经济的解体， 为资本主义的发展提供了( 6 )和 ( 中国社会经济结构的变动， 促进了近代民族工业的兴起。 7 ) ，
人民版高中历史必修二专题二第一课导学案
必修二专题二一、近代中国民族工业的兴起【重点】经济结构变动的原因、近代民族工业兴起的背景。
【难点】鸦片战争后中国经济结构的变动与资本主义产生的关系。
【基础导学】一、鸦片战争后中国经济结构的变动1．自然经济逐步解体（1）原因：外国资本主义对中国的侵略。
（2）表现：①第二次鸦片战争后，由于输入的洋货物美价廉，竞争力强，中国土货销售陷入困境。
中国的衰败，标志着自然经济开始解体。
②19世纪六十年代起，中国的手工业部门遭到沉重打击，自然经济的解体速度加快。
2．外国资本主义侵入（1）表现：①第二次鸦片战争以后，以英国为首的资本主义国家凭借扩大了对中国的，输华货物总值有显著增加，并打入内地市场。
②外商在华设立的工业、金融业、商业和航运业等企业也迅速发展。
（2）影响：①对中国经济结构的影响：外国资本主义的入侵，对起到瓦解作用，它削弱了自然经济的基础，破坏了农村家庭手工业，促进了城乡商品交流的发展；同时它也沉重地打击了城市手工业。
②对中国经济发展的影响：外国资本主义的入侵，使中国农产品的程度有了一定的发展，同时一部分农产品的生产开始受到资本主义世界市场的影响；外国商业势力的侵入，使中国的商业和金融业也发生了变化，和买办化的商人开始出现，贸易中心由广州转移到。
③促进了近代民族工业的兴起：自然经济的破坏为的发展提供了劳动力和商品市场。
二、近代民族工业的产生1．条件（1）社会经济结构变动为民族资本主义的产生提供了必要的条件。
（2）洋务运动的促进：洋务派创办了一批近代军事和民用工业企业，促进了近代民族工业的和发展。
2．途径除洋务派创办的官办企业；一种是一部分中小地主、官僚、买办、商人、华侨等投资于近代工矿企业；另一种是原来的手工工场开始采用机器生产，转变为近代企业。
3．概况（1）产生：19世纪70年代前后，近代民族工业首先在上海、广东、天津等沿海地区出现；到甲午战争前，民族资本新开设的工矿企业不断增多，资本投资额不断增加，主要分布在轻工业部门。
历史必修2专题二.doc
历史必修2专题二History must take two subjects〃The tortuous development of modern Chinese capitalism”Sun shuangwu, an experimental school in wenzhou, zhejiang province (32536)The rise of the Chinese national industry in modern timesThe standard content of the courseThis paper briefly describes the change of economic structure in China and the rise of modern national industries, and the historical background of modern Chinese capitalism.To understand the major historical facts about the twists and turns of the national industry in the republic of China, and discuss the main factors that influence the development of Chinese capitalism.Under the condition of semi-colonial and semi-feuclal society, capitalism plays a role in the development process of modern Chinese history."China's economic structure and economic situation before the opium war〃. "The development of national capital before the 1870s to the first sino-japanese war〃・''Currency reform. 〃"National economic construction movement”.Reading the first, second and third sections of the book, what arethe important stages of the development of China，s national capitalist industry? The competent students write out the knowledge structure of the course.nearlygenerationIn thecountriesinformationthisThe mainThe righteousthesongfoldhair show2 low material inquiryRead the following:Material a county city of the east 〃，all learning machine industry. Craftsmen have specialised. As is often the main, daily value. With his (other) reason (why), is called unowned artisan generation (instead of), yue (for the first time in looking for). There is no master, Li Mingli bridge for work... if a room, the generation and clothing have. 〃In the Ming dynasty, the custom of suzhouMaterial 2 Hu Sheng said: 〃as early as the 19th century 40 s and 50 s, as foreign forces of capitalism into China, some poor working people has begun to be directly affected by foreign capital hired laborers enslaved”; 〃In the 60 s, the foreign capital gradually set up factories in China, coupled with the feudal bureaucratic held military industry and civilian industry, national capital industry began in the early, then gradually increase the number of proletariat."-- from the history of the Chinese revolutionMaterial 3 observe the following pictureIn 1865, the British shipyard in Shanghai was founded in 1863 by the Russian company, the shunfeng brick tea factoryWesternization enterprise ——the foreign affairs enterprise of Jiangnan manufacturing bureau —— Shanghai weave layoutProblem exploration:(1)what does the material reflect? What is the essential feature?(2)according to the material 2 and 3, and contact a compulsory 1, refined after the opium war, the reasons for the rise of China，s national capitalism industry and conditions have?(3)where are the Chinese modern national capitalist industries? Who were the first people to invest in China，s modern industry? What representative national capitalist industries have emerged in this period?3 low material inquiryRead the following:Material a Then, in the process of primitive accumulation, the lack of the original manual works as the basis of development, China，s emerging in modern enterprises, the vast majority are from scratch, complete to transplant the western existing enterprises, is the product of 〃ou feng beautiful i、ain〃・〃一history of China by historian Lin lipingMaterial 2 MAO zedong pointed out: "due to the stimulus of foreign capitalism and the feudal economic structure of some of the damage, ..................... also in sixty years ago, some merchants, landlords and bureaucrats began investing in modern industry. 〃Sun yat-sen also held this view.— from the collection of MAO zedongMaterial 3 "was China，s feudal society inside the capitalist sprout, in slowly toward the direction of a capitalist society, the introduction of foreign capitalism,To promote the development, it undermines the foundation of the feudal natural economy, caused the Chinese capitalist production development certain objective conditions and may, which makes China，s modern capitalist industry to happen, at the same timetaken by the existing capitalist sprout and grow, China，scapitalism is characterized by dual process. 〃—Lin changqing, editor-in-chief of Taiwan historian Lin changqingMaterial four z，in the early stage of the qing dynasty has a dozenof capitalism germination in the handicraft industry, only twochuai cloth and a tobacco industry after the opium war was replaced by the foreign goods, the rest is maintained. And there are nine transition to machine industry, they represent the mainstream ofbud of capitalism.The relationship between economic development, institutional change and social and cultural ideological change.Problem exploration:In the above four materials, what are the two ideas about China，s modern capitalist industries? Which view do you agree with? Please explain your reasons in combination with your knowledge of history.Low material to explore 4Read the following:Material a Chinese businessman founded six embroidery factory in Shanghai, the total capital of 1.2 million yuan, and at the same time, the French businessmen in Shanghai bao chang embroidery factory offered a capital of 1. 1 million yuan, close to Shanghai six Chinese embroidery factory capital combined.Material second serve chang machinery manufacture small steamship although "burden with Chinese”, but its own technical strength is still very weak, "engine is made in Britain”. By the 1980s, the machine factory in changchang was declining due to the exclusion of foreign enterprises. It was later annexed by British merchants in Shanghai J s yamatsu shipyard.The material sanyo merchant sees my business and commercial competition to use the new law, in the depth of the taboo, the hundred resistance, the price stops the market. Last year Jiangsu and zhejiang, hubei and other provinces, reeling silk, textile factories, all the losses, have the unemployed, have the mortgage and the foreign businessman.In the 1990s, in tianjin, li fuming opened a machine noodle factory in Beijing, using a foreign import engine to grind and grind the flour 200 stone a day. The government of Beijing saw a successful business in machine flour mill. Li fuming didn，t put up with the oppression and went to the government. As a result, the official government gave him the charge of "private mills" and 〃the office of the police, " and he went to his martial arts, 〃to make the crime of torture'7. Mr. Li，s machine mill was forced to close.The above material is adapted from the modern history of modern China.Problem exploration:What are the characteristics of the national enterprises in the early modern period in the material one, two, three, and four?Low problem to explore 5Read the following:The material is a thousand times odd, the bank railway is to be raised in all the departments, that is to return the foreign debt demand, the reality has been moved, the loan is difficult to borrow.It was introduced in 1895, the dynasty of the qing dynastyMaterial 2 February 1896, the qing government ordered: "officer for the frame, all over the business, with its affection.... in the provinces will set up the business bureau, public election by the chamber of commerce an injustice in real steady and prudent prestigious accent, pie filling bureau, dong，s bureau handleaffairs. 〃〃一from the guangxu east China recording.According to the statistics, in 1895-1898, there were more than 50 enterprises in the newly created commercial enterprises, and the total capital amounted to more than 12 million yuan. There are only eight enterprises with total capital of more than 4 million yuan.The amount of investment in a business enterprise is almost three times the amount of official and commercial enterprises. Founded in 1895 〜1898 in more than 50 commercial enterprises, capital in 100000 yuan of the following is 29, 58% of the total number of factories, the total capital of RMB 736000, accounts for only 6. 1% of the total amount of investment. There are 21 factories with capital of more than 100, 000 yuan, 42 percent of the total, and total capital of 1126.3 million yuan, accounting for 93. 9% of total investment.—from the business press, China，s recent historyProblem exploration:(1)according to the material, together with the relevant knowledge in the textbook,In the end of the 19th century and early 20th century, the Chinese national capitalist industry obtained the preliminary development.(2)according to the textbooks and combining the material 2 and 3, points out that in the late 19th and early 20th century, the development of China，s national capitalist enterprise features which represent?(3)according to the textbook, what famous national capitalist enterprises appeared in China in the late 19th and early 20th century?Contact the relevant knowledge in compulsory 1 (4), analysis of 19th century and the early 20th century, the development of Chinese national capitalist enterprises obtain preliminary, what importantinfluence on modern Chinese society?Second class, "the tortuous development of industry in the republic of China”Low exploration 1:Read the following textbook:After the establishment of the temporary government of nanjing, a number of laws to revitalize industries were promulgated.In 1913, China imported more than 570 million yuan. In 1915, it fell to more than 455 million, down more than 20 percent from 1913. During the first world war, China's imports didn，t reach the level of 1913. In 1913, China，s total export volume was 403 million, except for a slight decline in 1914, and gradually- increased year by year until the end of the war in November 1918.The government of the three northern and northern warlords also set up some rules and regulations for the reward and development of the economy. The feudal monopoly was lifted and the national capitalists were encouraged to set up mines.Material 4 observe the following pictureIn 1914, tsinghua university students boycotted and burned Japanese goodsProblem exploration:(1)reading 〃the establishment of industrial boom in the early ofthe republic of China" a yard, and analysis during the period ofthe republic of China of China，s national industry can appear"brief spring" the main reason for what?(2)according to the relevant content of the textbook, what are the main characteristics of the industrial development of China，s national capitalist industry during the first world war?(3)what impact has been made in the analysis of the relevant content of the requirement 3 and the brief development of the Chinese national capitalist industry?* 2(1) according to the teaching material 〃on the eve of the Anti-Japanese War the brief development of national industry”, a, a summary of China，s national industry will be the main cause of the golden age.(2) according to the relevant knowledge in the textbook, who is the chief beneficiary of the golden age of the Chinese national capitalist industry in the early years of the republic of China? The reason?3 low inquiryLate reading textbooks ''nationalist rule the plight of the development of Chinese national industry" one eye, analysis after their victory in the Anti-Japanese War, the national industry development is still the main reason for the difficulties and even went bankrupt have?The gaokao classicA,multiple choice(spring) China，s modern capitalism ()A. it is the development of capitalism in the feudal society, andit is the same as the Ming and qing dynastiesC. it was caused by the invasions of foreign capitalist invasionsBefore the opium war, China，s natural economy dominated. One of the characteristics of this economic form wasA. the products of the peasant family handicraft are basically used for their own consumption b. the land is concentrated inthe hands of the landlord classC. economic crops dominate agricultural production. Farmers do not sell agricultural products in the marketAfter the opium war, China，s economy gradually became entangled in the world capitalist market, which did not include the influence of ChinaThe land owned by the feudal landlord collapsed. The natural economy of self-sufficiency was gradually disintegratedC. the advanced production technology in the west was introduced graduallyIn 1861,The various kinds of foreign cloth that entered tianjin port were 325,582, accounting for 64% of the total import value of tianjin port at that time, and the opium at 948480, accounting for 18. 9% of the total value of imports. The material question is:China，s modern commercial trade is backwardC. Western countries have decriminalized the dumping of goods from ChinaThe following statement on the reasons for the initial development of national capitalism after the sino-japanese war is incorrectA natural economy further disintegrated the private capital of BThe government of the qing government adjusted the idea of "business war" in the early days of economic policyIn the 1960s and 1990s, it was a start-up period for modern Chinese enterprises, which were relatively concentratedA. b. in pearl river delta region of the Yangtze river shelter-forest region c. d. the bei jing-tianjin region trading portsAfter the sino-japanese war, there was a boom in China，s modern national industriesA. the spread of western science and technologyB. The influence of mercantilist c. the qing government eased restrictions on d.improvement ideasThe 1960s and 1990s were the early stages of China，s modern industrialization. The following statements about the source of the industrial capital of the stage are correctThe funds of the military industry were originally funded by the governmentC. the money of the military industry comes mainly from the private d. civil industry9. Guangdong (2006) according to the record, the jiangnan manufacturing bureau workers income in 1867, is in the same area of agricultural labor force 4 to 8 times or labor income, this phenomenon can be understood as a high school history teachingA.The civil enterprise is profitable and the welfare of the workers is betterB.The official value of the military industry is relatively highThe workers who were recruited from the western countries were more likely to earn moreD. The national capitalist provides a relatively generous remuneration for the workersIn the end of the 19th century, China，s national capitalism had a preliminary developmentA. The qing government relaxed the restrictions on the people's factoriesC.the European powers temporarily relaxed their economic aggression against China11.(2007) Shanghai history in the maguan treaty provisions: "the Japanese people have all the goods made in China, its transport in the mainland tax, tax on the mainland, class notes, miscellaneous pie... the Japanese subjects in China as the goods which is dealt with, since the waive should enjoy optimal example. 〃 One of the factors that has made China，s national industry struggling in modern times is that it isA. the rise of foreign industry in China has no technological advantagesThe national industry has no capital advantage D12.(2007 guangdong liberal arts foundation) at the end of the qing dynasty, national capitalists in order to avoid heavy taxes and government officials extortion, or in the enterprise is located in the concession, or s〃the foreign traders in the name of〃，or "stern bow hanging the British flag hanging when China”. This reflects theA. the arrival of the Chinese nationalist capitalism in the springC. feudalism is a resistance to the development of Chinese national capitalism. Western powers strongly support the development of Chinese national capitalism13.Guangdong history (2006) 2006-1920, China，s production of vegetable oil, industrial products such as flour export quantity increase, at the same time the number of imported goods is greatly reduced. The main factor contributing to this phenomenon isA. The Chinese people* s suppression of the Japanese food movement c. the first world war D. The strike of the Chinese working classIn 2008, some scholars thought,The import of foreign goods caused the gradual collapse of China，s natural economy. The direct evidence for this is thatIn the late 19th century, the zhenjiang customs report said, 〃once upon A time, in the former jiangbei state county, they were made of foreign cloth, and in the near term, they used to be more and more people.〃In the early part of the 20th century, some people pointed out that "the expansion of the commercial market and the lack of farmland in the construction of the building and the work of the tiller of the tiller of the land to abandon its work are inevitable. 〃C 1853 〃the shunde county annals" load: "female cloth (cloth) are counties and cities, since the WaiYang to wind fire water buffalo conveyor into cloth, deducted to base, women workers a few stops its half. 〃"The need for cotton goods, as in guangzhou, has long been restricted,〃 said the American consul in xiamen in 1850.From 1870-1910, the percentage of the total value of imported loans in China was accounted for by some Chinese imports yearCotton clothMetals and minerals mechanical187028.05.8188024.95.5189020. 25. 70.3190021. 54. 70. 7191014.74. 31. 5Table 2 reflectsA. China has reduced the demand for industrial productsThe traditional handicraft industry in China has been decliningFrom the beginning of the 20th century, z/foreign goods became popular and the cloth was becoming obsolete.〃 the most fundamental weapon of the foreign cloth was the victory over the earth clothA. foreign cloth ads are full of c. foreign clothes are leading the fashion. The price of foreign cloth is lowTwo, not a choice (Shanghai history) read the following materials.Founded in 1872, the merchant bureau of the ship was the first commercial enterprise in China. Before that, the shipping industry in China was all run by foreign shipping companies. When it was established, it bought the entire property of the American merchant flag chang-ship company in 1877 with 2. 2 million square. The following is the initial development and operation of the merchant bureau.In degreescapitalborrowingShips tonnageFreight revenuePaid interest1873. 8 to 74. 747. 6012. 30408849. 171. 771877.8to 78. 7 75. 10381.9726916232. 2336. 531881.8to 82. 7 100. 00353. 7529474188. 4710. 751883. 8 to 84. 7 200. 00227. 0933378192.3722.42Note: the loan is mainly official (government loan).Question:(1)what is the business situation of the shipping department inthe period involved in the above table? (4)Operating conditions: has been developing, the ship tonnage increases, the increase in income, private capital, increasing to expand faster than private capital officer, heavy interest burden, and so on.(2)combining the above materials, it points out what role it played in China，s economic development at the time. (2 points)The introduction of advanced means of transport, or the stimulus of private capital investment, partly resisted the invasion of foreign capital.(guangdong) read the following materialsA the beginning of the 20th century in Shanghai, wuxi, investment industry national capitalists rong zongjing, wonderful brothers, known as "flour" and "textile giant”.According to statistics, to 1936, companies with annual capacity of 16.94 million bags of flour, about about except (northeast China)in the country 27% of the total output, have 347 grinding machine, accounting for 28% of the total number of national; Rong family enterprise has yarn bursts (try the original is wrong, should be 〃ingot〃)570000, loom 5300 units, all about about except (northeast China) in the country Chinese businessman MianFangYe 21% of the total. -------------------------------------------- according to〃rong family enterprise”Material 2 In terms of today, the construction industry, as well as outline map, i. e., according to the textile thing, my country with a population of forty thousand, only yarn (should be "ingot") two million, which is the population of Europe and the United States and yarn bursts (the proportion of should be 〃ingot〃)，our country existing yarn of bursts (should be "ingot"),That there is no demand for the people; But it was a great blow to the textile industry, which was to set up a factory in our country, in order to achieve its economic aggression. No more than this, the veil is necessary for life, and even for others.----- rong zongjing: "the revitalization of the industrial economic development to livelihood project”Mr. Rong died in Hong Kong in February 1938. A newspaper article says rong brothers "for China，s economy, there have been great contribution; its small make wuxi in jiangsu province is inferior to Shanghai industrial zone, big encouraged the development of natural resources on the mainland, answer by their own experience, know the important of education, in wuxi own establishment ofprimary, secondary, and university, cultivating talents for service business and society, is particularly significant. 〃 A few days later, the paper is also called 〃rong zongjing run industries, reciting the decade, efficacy, Leon lai, of the people's livelihood is a Japanese army invaded two battles, after can not threatened, avoid to far, insistence, especially as yet. 〃一〃—Feb. 11, 1938,〃 the news. 〃Answer:What is the basic starting point of the rong brothers investment industry? (3 points) what is the positive role of the rongjia enterprise in the development of the Chinese economy? (6 points) what other positive aspects does the rong brothers have? (3)Answer: (12 points)The basic starting point: develop the national economy, meet the needs of the people and resist foreign economic aggression.(3)Action: developing the national industry by developing cotton spinning and flour processing industry in China. To protect against foreign economic aggression; Make the local economy of wuxi and Shanghai a certain development. (6)Other positive aspects: education; National integrity. (3)Class exercisesAfter the opium war, China，s self-sufficiency natural economy began to unravel. The main mark is ()A. the emergence of foreign enterprises in ChinaC. the emergence of the military industry and the civilian industry created by the foreign service.D. ChinaAfter the sino-japanese war, the qing government had to order the provinces 〃to make a lot of weaving, spinning and weaving”. The main purpose of this order is ()A. promote the development of the Chinese national capitalist industry and encourage the competition between the national capitalist industry and the foreign businessmanC. to save the government of the qing dynastyIn 1935, China，s GDP grew by 2. 37 billion yuan, to 25. 8 billion yuan in 1936, an increase of 8. 86 percent. Agricultural production increased by 6. 1 percent, and industrial and commercial production increased by 21. 3%, the fastest growth in history. The main reason is ()The national government promoted the stimulus of ''monetary reform，，and the influence of "national economic construction movement”The people boycotted the foreign goods and advocated the influence of the national cargo movement and the rapid development and expansion of the bureaucratic capitalA. in b. by b. by c. by d. inThe guangdong nanyang tobacco co., founded in 1905, was reorganized in 1918 as nanyang brothers tobacco co. , LTD. In 1919, the capital increased to hk $15m and more than half of its shares were owned by Jane，s brothers. Successively in Shanghai, Hong Kong, hankou and other places set up branch factories, and for tin foil plant, printing plant, and guangdong factory, the setting up of flue-cured tobacco leaf production factory, sales organizations all over the country and southeast Asia. In 1927, the capital was nearly 20 million yuan. The main reason for the rapid development of this enterprise in this period is ()The strong support of foreign enterprises was strongly promoted by the revolution of 1911The influence of the idea of ''industrial savior" has all been withdrawn from ChinaA. in b. by c. in d. inAccording to historical records: after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War,Some ethnic capitalists believe that the spring of Chinese nationalism is coming. In the war of liberation, however, national capitalism went bankrupt. The main reason for this isThe monopoly and oppression of the national government's hyperinflation policiesThe United States has a heavy tax burden on China，s economic aggressionA. in b. by c. with d. in(14) read the following materials (all from the rise of modern Chinese industry):Material a word for five years, Fang Ju invite reputation while the iron is hot to possess townsman Sun Yingde to Shanghai, both of the partnership to raise a wupan yuan, bought some simple equipment, hongqiao east near the bus outside the hongkou lushun road (now east big name) founded the hair chang iron foundry, forging and replacement of specially for old docks mast cap ship spare parts, etc. It was founded in a small scale, with only one iron stove and four or five workers. The foreigners called them 〃NIr. In the early 1970s, the changchang was renamed as the building of the copper and iron machine, with a lathe 2 and more than 10 workers. It is used for forging, welding, turning, etc. In the late 1970s, the changchang iron factory was renamed. Qing guangxu (1876), began selling homemade small fire wheels. After three years, he started selling home-made lathe, steam hammer, etc.Material second serve chang factory make success a flat brush two-wheeled sand dredger machine, called 〃tiger〃，the captain 70 feet, 15 feet wide, feasible 30 miles an hour. On August 11, the same year, "the declaration z，issued a message praising it: "not only for China, but also for the outside world, not for the first timein a thousand years. " ''When it was made, it was Chinese, 〃 fang said. 〃so it was driving and it was not necessary for the west to be the owner of the boat. 〃 In the nineteen years of guangxu,the 〃hanyang〃 ship made by the shichang factory was sold to theoverseas Chinese merchants of north Korea and sailed between thecity of jiapu (now incheon) and the han city. On June 2, the north China Daily said, "the success of the hanyang，z is a sign of thevery trustworthy spirit of the Chinese capitalists.Material three (19th century) in the 90 s, while chang factory into development boom, the British business run by the shipyard, cheung was born has acquired a large number of foreign shipyard, almost monopoly over the whole of Shanghai shipbuilding industry. Because of the poor capital and the lack of its own shipyard, the factory has struggled to compete with foreign rivals. After the sino-japanese war, the yarson shipyard will be the target of a merger. Under the competition of the yarson shipyard, the changchang plant declined rapidly, losing a year, and the workers fell from more than 200 to more than 60. In the twenty-fifth year of guangxu, it had to be announced by jenson shipyard. In 26 years, he was forced to sell it to jisong shipyard for 40,000 yuan, making it a workshop. After the factory was annexed, fang yi-yang became a buyer of the company. He was a member of Jiangnan manufacturing bureau (now Shanghai Jiangnan shipyard). In 32 years of guangxu, fang praised his death. In the same year, the changchang hardware store wasclosed. At this point, the whole history of the changchangfactory is over.The following answer:(1)what kind of enterprises does fang hold and sun yingde founded?(1) when does this type of business first appear? (1)(2)according to the material one and material two, what。
人民版高中历史必修二专题二2中国古代的手工业经济
下面是CCTV《鉴宝》节目展示的两件古代瓷器：图 一为“青釉四系瓷罐”，图二为“粉彩开光花瓶”。
图一
图二
请回答：结合所学知识判断这两件瓷器的制造时间最 早分别可能是在哪一朝代？并说明理由。
广汉三星堆
在四川成都广汉地区发现远 古文化遗址。谁也不知道是 怎么一回事。挖下去一看， 吓了人一跳。啊呀！想不到 这里埋着许多青铜器、玉器 和陶器，一锄头挖出了一个 有三四千年历史的古代青铜 文明遗址。
探究：观察图片并结合教材总结我国冶金业的变化
遗汉 址代 冶 铁
2005年1月发现于山东济南，遗址 发现有大量铁矿渣、煤渣及红烧土 等冶铁遗迹。
探究：观察图片并结合教材总结我国冶金业的变化
人力鼓风
水排
冶铁技术进步和发展：
a.由块炼铁到生铁的进步 b.淬火工艺的出现 c.煤的使用 d.供风形式有了革命性的变化
三、从经营方式上看，生产规模逐渐扩大，分工日益细密。
四、从经营形态上看，官营手工业和私营手工业并存。 五、我国古代经济结构的重要组成部分。
1、东汉杜诗发明的水排是一种 A、灌溉工具 B、冶铁工具 C、播种工具 D、纺织工具 2、古代手工业品中质量最好的应出自 A、官营手工业 B、民营手工业 C、家庭手工业 D、私营企业 3、景德镇是我国著名的“瓷都”，其闻名天下始于 A、唐朝 B、宋朝 C、元朝 D、明朝 4、明清时期手工业的发展，最重要的影响是 A、促进地区或行业新的社会分工 B、促进城镇集市的发展 C、促进生产规模的扩大 D、促成雇佣关系的产生
三星堆遗址真神秘啊，至今 为止留下了一个又一个难解 之谜。
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人民版高中历史必修二知识点归纳大全合集
人民版高中历史必修二知识点归纳大全合集高中历史必修二归纳大全合集（一）古代中国的农业经济：（1）古代中国农业主要耕作方式的变革1、原始农业的产生：“刀耕火种”、“火耕”2、距今七八千年前：中国农业进入了“耜耕”或“石器锄耕”时代3、春秋战国时期：XXX牛耕，中国古代农业的传统耕作方式形成。
（2）了解古代中国的农业经济的基本特点：小农经济以小农户个体经营为主的农业经营方式，是古代中国农业经济的基本特点。
（3）、古代水利建设概况1、夏商周：农田水利有较大发展。
2、春秋战国：战国时秦国蜀郡守XXX的都江堰，水工郑国在秦国修的XXX。
都江堰3、秦：灵渠4、两汉：西汉XXX亲到黄河工地命文武百官背土，东汉XXX黄河才基本解除了黄河水患。
5、XXX：开通了大运河，是世界上最早、最长的运河。
6、唐朝：设专职官员管理水利事业，各地兴修了不少水利工程，还创制了新的灌溉工具筒车。
（二）现代中国的手工业的发展1、纺织业主要成绩：手工业代替官营业（1）原料利用先后按次：麻葛丝棉。
（2）丝绸之路：汉代开辟。
丝绸远销以罗马为中心的地中海地区。
（3）唐代私营纺织作坊兴起，官营纺织业也有相当大的规模，朝廷征收民间纺织品的数量相当可观。
2、冶金业主要成就：商周时期青铜器铸造工艺特点：分布广，规模大，水平高。
战国以后以铁器为主，汉代冶铁开始使用煤炭做燃料，3、制瓷业取得的主要成就：（1）先有陶后有瓷（2）陶器：a、产生——原始时期彩陶b、发展：山东龙山文化——蛋壳黑陶c、共同技术——唐三彩d、陶瓷过渡时期：商代中期到东汉晚期。
（3）磁器：a、唐代青瓷——九秋风露越窑开，夺得千峰翠色来b、唐晚期长沙铜官窑首创彩绘工艺。
c、清代：粉彩磁器的工艺技术发明——康熙时期、顶峰——雍正时期（三）现代中国的贸易发展(1)秦朝办理“市”有明白的法律规定。
(2)汉代在进行会合贸易的“市”，有特地的办理机构（3）六朝时代，出现了“草市”（4）唐代“草市”的作用十分显著，“夜市”比较繁荣（5）宋代的“市”突破了原先空间和时间上的限制（6）明清都市中的商业区已经相当繁华。
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简介
历程
荣誉
数据
4 、本专题图表资料比较丰富，通过“情景再现”法，引导 学生应用史料分析问题，培养学生论从史出、史论结合的 能力。 5 、将经济结构的变动与近代社会生活变迁结合起来，理解 近代经济发展对社会的影响 6 、本专题内容广泛而较琐碎，按照新课改精神，多想学生 提供新的情景和材料，在课堂上调动学生学习的主动性和 积极性，多提出问题，引导学生思考、引导学生质疑。让 学生在学习中主动探索、获得知识。
必修二专题二
近代中国资本主义的 曲折发展
历史（4）班 马麦燕
课标要求
简介
历程
荣誉
数据
1、简述鸦片战争后中国经济结构的变动和近 代民族工业的兴起的史实，认识近代中国 资本主义产生的历史背景。 2、了解民国时期民族工业曲折发展的主要史 实，探讨影响中国资本主义发展的主要因 素。
3、探讨在半殖民地半封建社会条件下，资本 主义在近代历史发展进程中的地位和作用。
官僚资本的野蛮掠夺 美国的经济侵略 国民政府的反动统治
民族工业遭到巨大打击，处于 风雨飘摇之中
三、近代中国资本主义的历史命运
近 代 中 国 资 本 主 义 的 历 史 命 运 在夹缝中求生存
在半殖民地半封建的中国，走资
本主义道路是行不通的
在斗争中求发展
知识线索 近代中国的经济结构
简介
历程
荣誉
数据
一些地主、官僚、买办、商人、华 侨等开始利用外国先进的生产技术和
机器创办近代企业
主要分不足东南沿海地区，以轻工业为主
近代中国民族工业的兴起
初步发展的民族工业给中国社会带来新的气息
二、民国时期民族工业的 曲折发展
民国初期兴办观 民 国 时 期 民 族 工 业 的 曲 折 发 展 实业潮
辛亥革民扫除一些障碍 背景 主观 民族资产阶级投资热情高涨
重难点分析
简介
历程
荣誉
数据
重点分析 中国民族资本主义的曲折发展 【解析】民族资本主义是在中国社会半殖民地化过程中产生并发展起 来的，其发展经历了如下几个阶段： 产生：鸦片战争结束后，在外国资本主义和洋务企业的刺激下，民族 资本主义于19世纪六七十年代在东南沿海兴起。 初步发展：甲午战争后，列强争相对华输出资本，自然经济解体加速； 清政府放宽对民间设厂的限制，民族资本主义工业初步发展。
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数据
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
有学者对此持相反意见，认为在第一次世界大战期间， 帝国主义并未放松对中国的侵略。截至1913年底以前，自 1842年以来签订的所有不平等条约继续有效；列强所有对 华贷款、借款、投资等近22亿美元的资本没有抽走分文； 已经设立的13家银行及85个分支机构、500余家工矿企业、 40多家航运公司及其他侵略机构没有一家撤走。这些原有 的外国资本和侵略机构仍在正常运转，继续不断蚕食着中 华民族的财富。大战期间，主要参战国英法两国在中国的 权益不仅没有受到损害，而且还略有发展。而没有直接卷 入战争的美国和日本，不仅完全填补了德俄等国在华势力， 而且进行了新的侵略。因此说一战期间中国民族资本企业 快速发展，是由于帝国主义放松了对中国的侵略，显然论 据不足。而这一时期国际商品流向和商品市场的转移才是 中国民族资本发展的真正契机之所在。
（一个主体，六种并存）
自然经济占主导 外国资本主义 新民主主义经济
洋务经济
民族资本主义
官僚资本主义
兴起 产生
初步 发展
短暂 春天
较快 发展
陷入 困境
近代中国民族资本主义曲折发展 的线索
简介
历程
荣誉
数据
教学中需注意的问题
简介
历程
荣誉
数据
1 、本专题主要介绍了近代中国资本主义的曲折发展。在学 习中，同学们应首先理清线索，掌握近代资本主义产生的 原因、背景以及发展的阶段性，探究中国近代民族工业艰 难发展的深层原因。 2 、在学习中，要学会运用对比分析的方法，归纳并总结中 国近代民族工业在各个发展阶段的不同表现，认识到中国 民族工业发展虽然遭受到各种压迫，但毕竟在夹缝中从无 到有，从小到大，逐渐发展起来。这种新的经济成分对于 中国社会各方面的影响是巨大的。 3 、学习本专题，还要注意掌握各种数据，通过对数据的分 析，我们可以对近代中国民族工业在各个不同阶段的发展 有一个直观的认识。
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二、关于中国民族资本企业黄金时代的时限
大多研究者认为是在第一次世界大战期间。但白吉尔在 《黄金时代》的序言中指出，中国资产阶级的“黄金时代” 实际仅指1910年代中期到1920年代中期约十年的时间。这 既是因为这时中国的资产阶级经济获得了迅速发展，出现 了“经济奇迹”或“第二次工业化浪潮”（第一次指洋务 运动），也是因为这一时期中国国家的作用严重衰弱了， 资产阶级的政治人格得以较纯净的形式表现出来，在政治 上表现得最为积极与活跃。
资
本 主 义 的
抗战前夕的短暂发展
轻工业为主，未形成完整的
民国时期民族工业的曲折发展
特征
工业体系，力量十分薄弱
带有半殖民地半封建性
自然经济仍占主导地位
国民政府的“币值改革”
“国民经济建设运动”
在帝国主义和官僚资本压迫下，
反帝爱国运动蓬勃发展
工业的发展曲折而又艰难
官僚资本的野蛮掠夺
发
展
近代中国资本主义的历史命运
学术前沿
简介
历程
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数据
一、关于中国民族资本企业发展黄金时代的根本原 因
有学者认为，外因即帝国主义暂时放松对中国的经济侵 略是黄金时代得以到来的主要因素。持这种观点的人认为， 第一次世界大战期间，帝国主义暂时放松了对中国的经济 侵略，从外部为中国民族工业发展提供了一个有利的时机。 首先，外国商品输入量下降，从而改善了中国民族工业品 的国内市场环境，减少了外国工业品的竞争。其次，由于 战争，帝国主义国家对中国部分商品的需求增加，为中国 货物输出提供了有利条件。最后，出口增加刺激了中国近 代工业的发展，尤其是出口需求量大的纺织业和面粉业的 发展
民族资本主义企业资金少，规模小，技术力量薄弱，产品缺乏市场竞 争力；在阶级来源上，民族资产阶级有很多是官僚、地主、商人投资 于近代企业而形成的。这些就决定了民族资本主义与外国资本主义和 本国封建势力之间存在着一定的依赖关系，因而又具有软弱性和妥协 性。
知识结构
近 代 中 国
近代民族工业的兴起
鸦片战争后，外国资本主义的入侵不断地瓦解着中国的自然经济
民国后期的发展
美国的经济侵略
民族工业遭到巨大打击，处于风雨飘摇之中
国民政府的反动统治
在夹缝中秋生存
在半殖民地半封建的中国
在斗争中 秋发展
走资本主义道路是行不通的
一、近代民族工业的兴起
鸦片战争以后，外国资本主义的入侵 不断瓦解着中国的自然经济
鸦片战争后经济结构的变动 近 代 民 族 工 业 的 兴 起
鸦片战争后经济结构的变动 一些地主、官僚、买办、商人、华侨等开始利用外国先进的生产
技术和机器创办近代企业
近代中国民族工业的兴起
主要分布在东南沿海地区，以轻工业为主
初步发展的民族工业给中国社会带来新气息
辛亥革命扫除一些障碍
背景
主观
民族资产阶级投资热情高涨
民国初期兴办的实业潮
客观：第一次世界大战期间，帝国主义暂时放松了对华经济侵略
简介
历程
荣誉
数据
难点突破 民族资本主义的特点对民族资产阶级的影响 【突破】民族资产阶级具有革命性和进步性、软弱性和妥协性，这些 都是由民族资本主义的特点决定的。 民族资本主义是近代中国最为先进的生产方式，这就决定了民族资产 阶级的先进性。民族资本主义诞生于半殖民地半封建社会，它的发展 必然会促使新的意识形态和新的阶级力量发展壮大，必然会对旧的生 产关系和政治制度产生瓦解作用，这就决定了民族资产阶级的革命 性。
客观 ：第一次世界大战期间，帝国主义暂时放松了对 华经济侵略
自然经济占主导地位
特征
带有半殖
以轻工业为主，未完成完整的工业体系， 民地半封 力量十分薄弱 建性
国民政府的“币制改革” 在帝国主义和官僚资本压迫下
抗战前夕的短暂发展
“国民经济建设运动”
反帝爱国运动蓬勃发展
工业的发展曲折而又艰难
民国后期的发展
短暂春天：辛亥革命推翻了封建帝制，一战期间西方列强被迫放松了 对华经济扩张，民族资本主义工业一度迅速发展。
较快发展：1927-1936年，国民政府推行“国民经济建设运动”，民 族工业有了较快的发展。
简介
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陷入困境：20世纪三四十年代，官僚资本主义逐渐垄断社会经济，日 本发动侵华战争，美国加紧对华经济侵略，民族资本主义工业陷入困 境。 结果： 1953－1956年，国家通过国家资本主义的形式，利用“赎买” 的政策，完成了对资本主义工商业的社会主义改造，使其变为社会主 义公有制经济。 民族资本主义是一种革命的和进步的经济因素，其产生发展有利于近 代中国社会的进步。民族资本主义的发展瓦解着自然经济，对外国资 本主义经济的侵略也有一定的抵制作用；民族资本主义的产生和发展 为维新变法运动和资产阶级民主革命提供了社会基础，也为新民主主 义革命的到来和中国共产党的建立准备了阶级条件；民族资本主义的 发展还为西方资本主义思想文化在中国的传播提供了基础，最终动摇 了封建正统思想的统治地位。