高考英语阅读理解训练：人物传记
高考英语阅读理解训练：人物传记类
(一)(2011·山东高考)
Arthur Miller (1915—2005) is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the
20th century. Miller's father had moved to the USA from Austria??Hungary, drawn like so many
others by the “Great American Dream”. However, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.
Miller's most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American system,
with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trouble
and in the cruel world of business there is no room for
with this system. Willy is “burnt out”
sentiment: if he can't do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and
he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success.
He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.
When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews, and it won
the Tony Award for Best Play, the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize for
Drama. It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.
Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut, on the evening of February
10, 2005, the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.
1．Why did Arthur Miller's father move to the USA?
A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.
B. He was attracted by the “Great American Dream.”
C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist.
D. His family business failed
2．The play Death of a Salesman________.
A. exposes the cruelty of the American business world
B. discusses the ways to get promoted in a company
C. talks about the business career of Arthur Miller
D. focuses on the skills in doing business
3．What can we learn about Willy Loman?
A. He treats his employer badly.
B. He runs the Wagner Company.
C. He is a victim of the American system.
D. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.
4．After it was first staged, Death of a Salesman________.
A. achieved huge success
B. won the first Tony Award
C. was warmly welcomed by salesmen
D. was severely attacked by dramatists
5．What is the text mainly about?
A. Arthur Miller and his family.
B. The awards Arthur Miller won.
C. The hardship Arthur Miller experienced.
D. Arthur Miller and his best??known play.
答案与解析
1．B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Miller's father had moved to the USA from
可知，他父亲移居Austria??Hungary，drawn like so many others by the ‘Great American Dream’”美国像其他许多人一样是受当年伟大的美国梦吸引。
2.A推理判断题。根据第二段可知，这部戏剧对美国制度是一个抨击，它表现了咄咄
逼人的做生意的方式以及坚信金钱和社会地位才是财富的象征。主人公Willy陷入困境，然而生意场上残酷无情：如果他做不了，那么对老板而言，他就一无是处，他必须离开。故此
部戏剧揭露了美国职场的残酷。
3．C推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself
in the end.”
可知主人公面对失败无所适从，无法面对现实，从而走向毁灭，成了美国资本主
义制度下美国梦的牺牲者。故选C项。
4.A细节理解题。根据第三段可知，这部戏剧自1949第一次搬上银幕就获得了“托尼戏剧音乐奖”、“纽约戏剧评论奖”、“普利策戏剧奖”三项大奖，获得极大的成功。因此A项正确。
5．D主旨大意题。纵观全文不难看出本文主要介绍Arthur Miller 以及他的戏剧Death of a Salesman《推销员之死》。其他选项都不全面，只是文中叙述的一部分。故D项正确。
(二)(2011·福建高考)
Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was one of the most private women in the world, yet when she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her life, she revealed (展现) herself as she did nowhere else.
After the death of her second husband, Greek shipping magnate (巨头) Aristotle Onassis, Jacqueline's close friend and former White House social secretary Letitia Baldrige made a suggestion that she consider a career(职业) in publishing.After consideration, Jacqueline accepted it.Perhaps she hoped to find there some ideas about how to live her own life.She became not less but more interested in reading.For the last 20 years of her life, Jacqueline worked as a publisher's editor，first at Viking, then at Doubleday, pursuing (追求) a late??life career longer than her two marriages combined. During her time in publishing, she was responsible for managing and editing more than 100 successfully marketed books. Among the first books were In the Russian Style and Inventive Paris Clothes.She also succeeded in persuading TV hosts Bill Moyers and Joseph Campbell to transform their popular television conversations into a book, The Power of Myth.The book went on to become an international best??seller.She dealt, too, with Michael Jackson as he prepared his autobiography (自传)，Moonwalk.
Jacqueline may have been hired for her name and for her social relations, but she soon proved her worth.Her choices, suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both
to the publishing firms and to Jacqueline herself.In the books she selected for publication, she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind.Her books are the autobiography she never wrote.Her_role_as_First_Lady,_in_the_end,_was_overshadowed_by_her_performance_as_an_e ditor.However, few knew that she had achieved so much.
1．We can learn from the passage that Jacqueline ________.
A．became fond of reading after working as an editor
B．was in charge of publishing 100 books
C．promoted her books through social relations
D．gained a lot from her career as an editor
2．The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that ________.
A．Jacqueline ended up as an editor rather than as First Lady
B．Jacqueline's life as First Lady was more colorful than as an editor
C．Jacqueline was more successful as an editor than as First Lady
D．Jacqueline's role as First Lady was more brilliant than as an editor
3．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Jacqueline's two marriages lasted more than 20 years.
B．Jacqueline's own publishing firm was set up eventually.
C．Jacqueline's views and beliefs were reflected in the books she edited.
D．Jacqueline's achievements were widely known.
4．The passage is mainly ________.
A．an introduction of Jacqueline's life both as First Lady and as an editor
B．a brief description of Jacqueline's lifelong experiences
C．a brief account of Jacqueline's career as an editor in her last 20 years
D．an analysis of Jacqueline's social relations in publishing
答案与解析
1．D细节理解题。由短文第一段中的“...she went to work as an editor in the last two
可推出她在自己的编辑事业中decades of her life, she revealed herself as she did nowhere else”
获益很大。故选D项。
2. C细节理解题。根据画线句后面的“然而，很少有人知道她取得了这么多成就”可知，画线句的含义是：她作为第一夫人的角色最终在她作为编辑的出色表现前黯然失色。故选C 项。
3．C推理判断题。由最后一段倒数第三句“Her books are the autobiography she never 即她编辑的书籍就是她从来没有写过的自传。由此可知，她的观点和信仰都反映在她wrote.”
所编辑的书籍中。故选C项。
以4．C主旨大意题。由短文第一段中“...as an editor in the last two decades of her life...”及整篇文章的叙述可知，本文主要介绍Jacqueline 生命中最后20年的编辑生涯。故选C项。
(三)(2011·辽宁高考)
Many people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile (汽车). But Henry Ford did not
start to build his first car until 1896. That was eleven years after two Germans developed the
world's first automobile. Many people believe Henry Ford invented the production line that
moved a car's parts to the worker, instead of making the worker move to the parts. That is not
true, either. Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford. What Henry Ford did
was to use other people's ideas and make them better. And he made the whole factory a moving
production line.
In the early days of the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. It was the best
way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Ford's most famous race
was his first one. It was also the last race in which he drove the car himself.
The race was in 1901, at a field near Detroit. All of the most famous cars had entered, but
only two were left: the Winton and Ford's. The Winton was famous for its speed. Most people
thought the race was over before it began.
The Winton took an early lead. But halfway through the race, it began to lose power. Ford
started to gain. And near the end of the race, he took the lead. Ford won the race and defeated
the Winton. His name appeared in newspapers and he became well??known all over the United
States.Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company. In 1903, a
doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company. That_sale was the beginning of Henry
Ford's dream.Ford said: “I will build a motor car for the great mass of people. It will be large
enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for. It will be built of
the best materials. It will be built by the best men to be employed. And it will be built with the
simplest plans that modern engineering can produce. It will be so low in price that no man
making good money will be unable to own one.”
The Model T was a car of that kind. It only cost $850. It was a simple machine that drivers
could depend on. Doctors bought the Model T. So did farmers. Even criminals. They considered it
the fastest and surest form of transportation. Americans loved the Model T. They wrote stories
and songs about it. Thousands of Model T's were built in the first few years.
1．What do we know about Henry Ford from Paragraph 1 ?
A. He made good use of ideas from others.
B. He produced the first car in the world.
C. He knew how to improve auto parts.
D. He invented the production line.
2．Why did Henry Ford take part in the 1901 car race?
A. To show off his driving skills.
B. To draw public attention.
C. To learn about new technology.
D. To raise money for his new company.
3．“That s ale” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________.
A. the selling of Ford cars at reduced prices
B. the sale of Model T to the mass of people
C. the selling of a car to a Detroit doctor
D. the sales target for the Ford Company
4．What was Henry Ford's dream according to the text?
A. Producing cars for average customers.
B. Building racing cars of simple design.
C. Designing more car models.
D. Starting more companies.
答案与解析
1．A细节理解题。根据第一段的“What Henry Ford did was to use other people's ideas ．可知，A项符合题意。
and make them better”
2．B细节理解题。根据第二段的“In the early days of the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. It was the best way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a
可知，B项符合题意。
racing car. Ford's most famous race was his first one.”
3．C词义猜测题。由第四段画线单词前的一句“In 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the
以及画线单词所在的一句可知，C项符合题意。
first car from the company.”
4．A推理判断题。根据第四段的That sale was the beginning of Henry Ford's dream. Ford said：“ I will bui ld a motor car for the great mass of people... making good money will be unable 可知，A项符合题意。
to own one.”
(四)(2011·陕西高考)
Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice. However, few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner.
Born in September, 1897, Irene Curie was the first of the Curies' two daughters. Along with nice other children whose parents were also famous scholars, Irene studied in their own school,
and her mother was one of the teachers. She finished her high school education at the College of
Sévigné in Paris.
Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. When World War I began, Irene went to help her mother, who was using X??ray facilities (设备) to help save the lives of wounded soldiers. Irene continued the work by developing X??ray facilities in military hospitals in France and Belgium. Her services were recognised in the form of a Military Medal by the French government.
In 1918, Irene became her mother's assistant at the Curie Institute. In December 1924, Frederic Joliot joined the Institute, and Irene taught him the techniques required for his work. They soon fell in love and were married in 1926. Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and
their son Pierre five years later.
Like her mother, Irene combined family and career. Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935. Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed leukemia because of her work with radioactivity (辐射能). Irene Joliot??Curie died from leukemia on March 17,1956.
1．Why was Irene Curie awarded a Military Medal?
A. Because she received a degree in mathematics.
B. Because she contributed to saving the wounded.
C. Because she won the Nobel Prize with Frederic.
D. Because she worked as a helper to her mother.
2．Where did Irene Curie meet her husband Frederic Joliot?
A. At the Curie Institute.
B. At the University of Paris.
C. At a military hospital.
D. At the College of Sévigné.
3．When was the second child of Irene Curie and Frederic Joliot born?
A. In 1932.
B. In 1927.
C. In 1897.
D. In 1926.
4．In which of the following aspects was Irene Curie different from her mother?
A. Irene worked with radioactivity.
B. Irene combined family and career.
C. Irene won the Nobel Prize once.
D. Irene died from leukemia.
答案与解析
1.B细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句可知，居里夫人的女儿艾琳·居里之所以获得军人奖章是因为她在抢救伤员方面做出了很多贡献。
2.A细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，艾琳·居里是在居里研究所遇到后来成为她
丈夫的弗雷德里克·约里奥。
3.A细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，他们的第一个孩子出生于1927年，第二个孩子是五年后出生的，也就是1932年。
4.C细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，艾琳·居里与自己的母亲有很多相似之处，
唯一不同的就是，她只获得一次诺贝尔奖，而母亲获得过两次。
Passage 5
Napoleon,as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace,is more than once described as having
“fat little hands.”Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse.”He is said to be “undersized,”with “short legs”and a “round stomach”.The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description—it seems not that far off from historical accounts—but his choice of facts:other things that could be said of the man are not said.We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman.Tolstoy’s Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his nose—and that is the point.
It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character.And it turns out that,as Tolstoy has it,Napoleon is a crazy man.In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace,the wars having reached the critical year of 1812,Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar (沙皇),who has come with peace terms.Napoleon is very angry:doesn’t he have more army? He,not the Tsar,is the one to make the terms.He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped,“That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war!”he shouts.And then,Tolstoy writes,Napoleon“walked silently several times up and down the room,his fat shoulders moving quickly.”
Still later,after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds,Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner.“He raised his hand to the Russian’s...face,”Tolstoy writes,and “taking him by the ear pulled it gently...”.To have one’s ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court.“Well,well,why don’t you say anything?”said he,as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself,Napoleon.
Tolstoy did his research,but the composition is his own.
51.Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon in War and Peace is .
A.far from the historical facts
B.based on the Russian history
C.based on his selection of facts
D.not related to historical details
52.Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because .[来源:https://www.360docs.net/doc/a99567167.html,]
A.he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms
B.the Tsar’s peace terms were hard to accept
C.the Russians stopped his military movement
D.he didn’t have any more army to fight with
53.What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do?
A.To walk out of the room in anger.
B.To show agreement with him.
C.To say something about the Tsar.
D.To express his admiration.
54.Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is .
A.ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests
B.fond of showing off his iron will
C.determined in destroying all of Europe
D.crazy for power and respect
55.What does the last sentence of the passage imply?
A.A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings.
B.A writer may write about a hero in his own way.
C.A writer may not be responsible for what he writes.
D.A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.
答案51.B 52.C 53.B 54.A 55.B
Passage 6
(08·山东C篇)
It was the summer of 1965.DeLuca,then 17,visited Peter Buck,a family friend.Buck asked DeLuca about his plans for the future.“I’m going to college,but I need a way to pay for it,”DeLuca recalls saying.“Buck said,’You should open a sandwich shop.’”
That afternoon,they agreed to be partners.And they set a goal:to open 32 stores in ten years.After doing some research,Buck wrote a check for $1,000.DeLuca rented a storefront (店面) in Connecticut,and when they couldn’t cover their start-up costs,Buck kicked in another $1,000.
But business didn’t go smoothly as they expected.DeLuca says,“After six months,we were doing poorly,but we d idn’t know how badly,because we didn’t have any financial controls.”All he and Buck knew was that their sales were lower than their costs.
DeLuca was managing the store and going to the University of Bridgeport at the same time.Buck was working at his day job as a nuclear physicist in New York.They’d meet Monday evenings and brainstorm ideas for keeping the business running.“We convinced ourselves to open a second store.We figured we could tell the public,’We are so successful,we are opening a second store.’”And they did－in the spring of 1966.Still,it was a lot of learning by trial and error.
But the partners’learn-as-you go approach turned out to be their greatest strength.Every Friday,DeLuca would drive around and hand-deliver the checks to pay their suppliers.“It probably took me two and a half hours and it wasn’t necessary,but as a result,the suppliers got to know me very well,and the personal relationships established really helped out,”DeLuca says.
And having a goal was also important.“There are so many problems that can get you down.You just have to keep working toward your goal,”DeLuca adds.
DeLuca ended up founding Subway Sandwich,the multimillion-dollar restaurant chain.
67.DeLuca opened the first sandwich shop in order to .
A.support his family
B.pay for his college education
C.help his partner expand business
D.do some research
68.Which of the following is true of Buck?
A.He put money into the sandwich business.
B.He was a professor of business administration.
C.He was studying at the University of Bridgeport.
D.He rented a storefront for DeLuca.
69.What can we learn about their first shop?
A.It stood at an unfavorable place.
B.It lowered the prices to promote sales.
C.It made no profits due to poor management.
D.It lacked control over the quality of sandwiches.
70.They decided to open a second store because they .
A.had enough money to do it
B.had succeeded in their business
C.wished to meet the increasing demand of customers
D.wanted to make believe that they were successful
71.What contributes most to their success according to the author?
A.Learning by trial and error.
B.Making friends with suppliers.[来源:https://www.360docs.net/doc/a99567167.html,]
C.Finding a good partner.
D.Opening chain stores.
答案67.B 68.A 69.C 70.D 71.A
Passage 7
(08·山东D篇)
Melissa Poe was 9 years old when she began a campaign for a cleaner environment by writing a letter to the then President Bush.Through her own efforts,her letter was reproduced on
over 250 donated billboards (广告牌) across the country.
The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids F.A.C.E.) in 1989.There are now 300,000 members of Kids F.A.C.E. worldwide and it is the world’s largest youth environmental organization.
Poe has also asked the National Park Service to carry out a “Children’s Forest”project in every national park.In 1992,she was invited as one of only six children in the world to speak at the Earth Summit in Brazil as part of the Voices of the Future Program.In 1993,she was given a Caring Award for her efforts by the Caring Institute.
Since the organization started,Kids F.A.C.E.members have distributed and planted over 1 million trees!Ongoing tree-planting projects include Kid’s Yards－the creation of backyard wildlife habitats (栖息地)－and now Kids F.A.C.E.is involved in the exciting Earth Odyssey,which is a great way to start helping.
“Starting the club turned out to be a way to help people get involved with the environment.Club members started doing things like recycling,picking up litter and planting trees
as well as inviting other kids to join their club.”
“We try to tell kids that it’s not OK to be lazy,”she explains.“You need to start being a responsible,environmentally friendly person now,right away,before you become a resource-sucking adult.”
72.Kids F.A.C.E.is .
A.a program to help students with writing
B.a project of litter recycling
C.a campaign launched by President Bush
D.a club of environmental protection
73.What can we learn about Poe?
A.She was awarded a prize in Brazil.
B.She donated billboards across the country.
C.She got positive responses for her efforts.
D.She joined the National Park Service.
74.Kid’s Yards is .
A.established in a national park
B.started to protect wildlife
C.a wildlife-raising project
D.an entertainment park for kids
75.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?
高考英语阅读理解训练50篇
阅读理解训练50篇（1） 1 Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell.But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger. For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hor- mones (荷尔蒙).They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etC．In general the person feels excited and ready to act. Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.” Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger. 1．“Damaging emotion” means t hat _________. A．the emotion is harmless B．the emotion is harmful C．the feeling is very strong D．the feeling is hard 2．What statement is right? A．Were you angry, you would be cancered (得癌症). B．Once you are angry, you must be cancered. C．Angry as you are often, you can't be cancered, D．Anger may cause you a cancer. 3．Expressing anger violently _________ repressing it according to some scientists. A．is just the same as B．is more harmful than C．is no better than D．is much better than 4．According to the author, you'd better _________. A．never be angry B．cool it down before you express it C．laugh and laugh when you get angry D．admit you are wrong when you are angry 二
高考英语阅读理解D专练5篇
阅读理解D专练5篇 Passage 1(2017江苏,D) Old Problem, New Approaches While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation. When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that:“There is no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.”Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost. Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level:his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season. Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000m3of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.
高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇(附答案)
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