英语专业词汇学课件word-formation IV_PPT幻灯片
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Important Points
I. Abbreviation/Shortening
Acronymy: Initialisms/Acronyms Clipping: Blending
II. Back-formation III. Reduplication IV. Analogue V. Words from Proper Nouns
EnglБайду номын сангаасsh Lexicology(II)
7
Write out in full the following initialisms
IDD GMT VIP P.S. a.m. p.m.
international direct dial Greenwich Mean Time very important person postscript ante meridiem post meridiem
English Lexicology(II)
8
1.2 Acronyms
Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word. Most of the words are from the name of an organization or scientific terms
English Lexicology(II)
3
IOC=International Olympic Committee BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation ISBN=International Standard Book Number CAD=computer assisted design cm=centimeter TB=tuberculosis
There are several ways of shortening English words as follows:
Acronymy: Initialisms/Acronyms Clipping Blending
English Lexicology(II)
2
I. Acronymy
1.1 Initialisms 1.2 Acronyms
English Lexicology(II)
13
Give clippings for the following words
gymnasium dormitory handkerchief gasoline kilogram
Clipped words are generally used in less formal situations than their full-length equivalents: they indicate an attitude of familiarity on the part of the user, either towards the object denoted, or towards the audience.
English Lexicology(II)
9
Some acronyms are formed with the intial letter of the first word plus the whole of the second.
N-bomb D-Notice G-man D-day V-day
English Lexicology(II)
6
Write out in full the following initialisms
CPU DIY CEO IT AI SOS
central processing unit Do it yourself Chief Executive Officer Information technology artificial intelligence Save our ship international direct dial
English Lexicology(II)
1
I. The Introduction of Shortening
When new words are formed by compounding or affixation, the result is of course a longer unit. Shortening is contrary to the tend of compounding or affixation.
Nuclear bomb Defense Notice Government man Decimalization day Victory day
English Lexicology(II)
11
II. Clipping
This term refers to the process by which a word of two or more syllables (usually a noun) is shortened without a change in its function taking place. Advertisement, examination, gymnasium, laboratory, photograph. professor, all have commonly-used clipped forms: ad or advert, exam, gym, lab, photo, Prof.
English Lexicology(II)
12
2.1Clipped Words
ad=advertisement expo=exposition phone=telephone pro=professional memo=memorandum tec=detective heli or copter=helicopter comfy=comfortable
I. Abbreviation/Shortening
Acronymy: Initialisms/Acronyms Clipping: Blending
II. Back-formation III. Reduplication IV. Analogue V. Words from Proper Nouns
EnglБайду номын сангаасsh Lexicology(II)
7
Write out in full the following initialisms
IDD GMT VIP P.S. a.m. p.m.
international direct dial Greenwich Mean Time very important person postscript ante meridiem post meridiem
English Lexicology(II)
8
1.2 Acronyms
Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word. Most of the words are from the name of an organization or scientific terms
English Lexicology(II)
3
IOC=International Olympic Committee BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation ISBN=International Standard Book Number CAD=computer assisted design cm=centimeter TB=tuberculosis
There are several ways of shortening English words as follows:
Acronymy: Initialisms/Acronyms Clipping Blending
English Lexicology(II)
2
I. Acronymy
1.1 Initialisms 1.2 Acronyms
English Lexicology(II)
13
Give clippings for the following words
gymnasium dormitory handkerchief gasoline kilogram
Clipped words are generally used in less formal situations than their full-length equivalents: they indicate an attitude of familiarity on the part of the user, either towards the object denoted, or towards the audience.
English Lexicology(II)
9
Some acronyms are formed with the intial letter of the first word plus the whole of the second.
N-bomb D-Notice G-man D-day V-day
English Lexicology(II)
6
Write out in full the following initialisms
CPU DIY CEO IT AI SOS
central processing unit Do it yourself Chief Executive Officer Information technology artificial intelligence Save our ship international direct dial
English Lexicology(II)
1
I. The Introduction of Shortening
When new words are formed by compounding or affixation, the result is of course a longer unit. Shortening is contrary to the tend of compounding or affixation.
Nuclear bomb Defense Notice Government man Decimalization day Victory day
English Lexicology(II)
11
II. Clipping
This term refers to the process by which a word of two or more syllables (usually a noun) is shortened without a change in its function taking place. Advertisement, examination, gymnasium, laboratory, photograph. professor, all have commonly-used clipped forms: ad or advert, exam, gym, lab, photo, Prof.
English Lexicology(II)
12
2.1Clipped Words
ad=advertisement expo=exposition phone=telephone pro=professional memo=memorandum tec=detective heli or copter=helicopter comfy=comfortable