英语名词性从句精讲

英语名词性从句精讲

一、概述

在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。

It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 事实上英语作为国际语言正为世人所接受。(主语从句)

The trouble is that she has lost his address.麻烦的是她把他的地址搞丢了。（表语从句）

They have no idea at all where he has gone.他们不知道他去什么地方了。（同位语从句）

Do you remember how he came? 你记得他怎么来的么？（宾语从句）

二、语序

当名词性从句要采用陈述句语序。由一个含疑问意义的连词引起时，必须将该连词放在名词性从句的开头，且该从句语序不能倒装。

What we can't get seems better than what we have.我们得不到的似乎比我们所拥有的要好。

The photographs will show you what our village looks like.这些

照片将向你展示我们村庄的面貌。

Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring? 你能肯定爱丽丝放金戒指的地方吗？

No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years. 没有人肯定一百万年后人类会是什么样子。

He asked how much I paid for the violin.他问我花了多少钱买这个小提琴。

三、时态的呼应

名词性从句特别是宾语从句中谓语动词的时态要与主句中谓语动词时态要相呼应，主要有下列几种情况：

（1）如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态，从句的谓语动词的时态不受主句谓语动词时态的制约。

I wonder why Jenny hasn’t written us recently. We should have heard from her by now.我不知道为什么珍妮最近没有给我们写信。我们现在应当收到他的来信了。

You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? 你对我的新装还没说怎么样呢，喜欢吗？

I’m sorry I didn’t say anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you. 对不起，我还没来得及。我认为你穿上当然好看。

（2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的谓语动词动作发生在主句的动作之前，过去完成时、过去完成进行时或

一般过去时。

The police found that the house had been broken into and a lot of things stolen.警察发现有人闯入房子并且很多东西被偷She said she had been waiting for me for a long time.她说她等了我很长时间。

（3）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的动作和主句的动作同时发生，则从句的动词用一般过去时或过去进行时。

I didn’t know you were here.我不知道你在这里。

I was told that they were designing a new machine.有人告诉我他们在设计一种新机器。

（4）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的动作发生在主句的动作之后，则从句的动词用过去将来时、过去将来进行时或过去将来完成时。

We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would leave office soon.当他宣布他不久就要离职时，我们都很吃惊。They said they would be listening to a report on current affairs.他说他们将听关于时事的报告。

四、引导名词性从句的关联词

在传统的语法中，有连接代词、连接副词和关系代词、关系副词之分；连接代词、连接副词引导名词性从句和关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句。本书根据最新资料不再作此分

类，通称关系代词和关系副词。

引导名词性从句的关联词大致相同，它们分别是：连词：that, whether, if；关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever。引导从句时一般不用逗号和主句分开。详细见下表：

类别词义在从句中的作用

that 无任何词义仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分

if和whether 意为“是否”，表明从句意义的不确定性起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分

关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当主、表、宾、定语等

关系副词when,where,why,how, however, whenever, wherever 有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语1、that从句与wh-关系代词和关系副词引导名词性从句的区别

连词that在从句中不作成分，不含疑问意义；而wh-连词在从句中作成分，且含有疑问意义；或what/where从句相当于一个名词后加一个定语从句。

It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的头发在