河南省翻译竞赛

河南省第五届翻译竞赛（专业组）?

（考试时间为120分钟）?

一、汉译英（50%）?

中国还没有形成勇于提问的风气?

杨福家曾经与耶鲁大学校长莱文讨论为什么那么多的耶鲁校友回报母校，其中大多数是本科毕业生。莱文的回答很简单：因为他们认为学校改变了自己的一生。?

????莱文举了一个美国8岁小孩的例子。一天上课，这个小孩对老师说，你写的字拼错了。老师说“真的吗？让我查一下字典”。这位小孩立刻说“不必查，我保证你拼错了”。? ????这个敢于质疑老师的小孩不仅没有被批评，反而被校长在家长会和全校大会上表扬了。? ????杨福家特别感慨，这是中美文化的不同之处：美国孩子放学了，父母会问：你今天问了多少个问题；而中国孩子放学了，父母会问：你今天考了多少分。?

在他看来，这也是为什么一直回答不了钱学森之问的原因之一。“中国没有形成质疑的环境，孩子从小就不敢提问。然而，没有问题就不会有创造。”杨福家说。

二、英译汉（50%）?

The?Longevity?Gap?between?Men?and?Women?

A?century?ago?American?men?outnumbered?and?outlived?the?women.?But?in?the?20th?centur y,?women?began?living?longer,?primarily?because?pregnancy?and?childbirth?had?become?less? dangerous.?The?gap?grew?steadily.?In?1946,?for?the?first?time?ever?in?the?United?States,?fem ales?outnumbered?males.?

Part?of?the?reasons?are?self-inflicted.?Men?smoke?more?than?women,?drink?more?and?take?m ore?life-threatening?chances.?Men?are?murdered?(usually?by?other?men)?three?times?as?often? as?women?are.?They?commit?suicide?at?a?higher?rate?and?have?more?than?twice?as?many?fat al?car?accidents?as?women?do.?Men?are?more?likely?to?be?involved?in?alcohol-related?fataliti es.?

????But?behavior?doesn't?explain?away?the?longevity?gap.?Nor?is?stress?the?answer.In?the?19 50s,?as?heart?disease?claimed?more?and?more?male?victims,?pressure?in?the?corporate?boardr oom?was?blamed.?Let?women?venture?out?of?the?home?and?into?the?line?of?fire,?doctors?sai d,?and?they?would?begin?dying?at?the?same?rate?as?men.?But?a?funny?thing?happened?on?the ?way?to?the?funeral.?

Between?1950?and?1985,?the?percentage?of?employed?women?in?the?United?States?nearly?do ubled.?Those?working?women,?several?studies?have?found;?are?as?healthy?as?women?at?home .?

Today,?some?scientists?studying?the?gender?gap?believe?that?the?data?point?to?one?conclusion :?Mother?Nature?may?be?partial?to?women.?