土壤水稳性大团聚体测定方法综述_图文(精)
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第3 期王秀颖等:土壤水稳性大团聚体测定方法综述 111 3. 4 筛目的选择通常以粒径 0. 25 mm 将土壤团聚体分为大团[27 , 57 ],聚体和微团聚体因此,要将大团聚体和微团聚体分开,需首先选用 0. 25 mm 孔径的筛子。
对于>0. 25 mm 的团聚体,若要继续分为若干粒径,则可以根据实验目的选择具体筛目;对于> 0. 1 mm 的微团聚体,也可进行筛分,对于更细(< 0. 1 mm )的土性显著增大。
采用单一的湿润方式不能适用于不同的研究目的及土壤条件,为了更全面地了解土壤团可同时采用常压快速聚体稳定性及粒径分布特征,湿润和常压慢速湿润(或真空湿润) 2 种方式对土样进行预湿。
湿筛过程中振动速度不能太快,以免对团聚体造成破坏。
筛目可以根据实验目的选择。
容易堵塞筛孔,影响测定结果的准确型,故用吸粒,[33 ][11 ]管法。
R. E. Yoder 进行团聚体粒径分析时, 2、 1、 0. 5 、 0. 25 和 0. 1 mm;所选用的筛组孔径为 5 、[58 ] P. Sarah 等研究耶路撒冷地区土壤团聚体的平 6、 4. 7 、 4、 3、 2、 1、0. 5 和均质量粒径时,采用了 7、[27 ] 0. 25 mm 共 9 个孔径的筛子;I. Stavi 等在 P. Sarah 等[58]的基础上增加了 8 、 0. 125 和 0. 062 mm 3
[59 ]; C. Legout 1 和 0. 5 mm 孔径个孔径等则采用 2 、的筛子,< 0. 5
mm 的用激光粒度仪测定。
W. D. Kemper 等[1]认为,利用式( 1)计算平均质量粒径 1、 0. 5 和 0. 2 mm 的筛子会使计算结果偏时,选用 2 、 2、 1 和0. 21 mm 的筛子结果较好,高,而采用 4. 76 、区别在于后者孔径范围更宽。
进行团聚体稳定性分析时,一般采用 1 个孔径[38 ] W. D. Kemper 、
W. D. Kemper 等[2]、的筛子即可, F. Candan 等[42]以及
M. N. Wuddivira 等[52-53]均选用 0. 25 mm 孔径的筛子,用> 0. 25 mm 团聚体含量[42 ]作为团聚体稳定性指标。
F. Candan 等认为> 0. 25 mm的团聚体对土地利用和管理的变化最为[60 ]> 0. 5 、敏感。
H. Cotler 等则同时计算了> 0. 25 、> 1、> 2 和> 4. 75 mm 等各粒径的比例,来衡量团 5 参考文献 Size distribution of aggregation[ M]∥Black C A,Evans D D,Ensminger L E,et al. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part I. Physical and Mineralogical Properties,Including Statistics of Measurement and Sampling. Madison,Wisconsin,USA:American Society of Agronomy,Inc., 1965 : 499510 [ 1] Kemper W D,Chepil W S.[ 2] Kemper W D,Rosenau R C. Aggregate stability and size distribution[M]. 2nd ed.∥ Klute A. Methods of soil analysis: Part
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4 结论通过对水稳性团聚体粒径分布及稳定性的测定方法进行总结,发现,湿筛法是目前最流行、也是最经典的方法。
湿筛法的过程实际上是先用一定的作用力将土壤团聚体分散,然后用筛分的方法将各粒级区分开。
土样在湿润过程中,同时发生了崩解、差异膨胀和物理化学分散作用。
崩解作用的强烈程度与土样初始湿度和湿润速度有关,土样初始含水湿润速度越快,崩解作用越剧烈。
已有的湿量越少、润方法按湿润速度可分为快速湿润和慢速湿润,按土样所处的气压条件可分为常压湿润和高真空湿润。
常压快速湿润过程中,土壤内部封闭的空气被压缩,产生微型爆炸,对团聚体破坏较大,慢速湿润,和真空湿润减小了对团聚体的破坏使团聚体稳定
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