托福听力单词12 lists(完整版)
托福听力常考词汇总结
托福听力常考词汇总结托福听力中的词汇常常是考生最为头痛的，托福词汇量太大怎么记?店铺为大家带来托福听力常考词汇总结,本汇总将按照话题对词汇进行分类，便于考生记忆。
托福听力常考词汇关于天文学天文学 astronomyconstellation 星座zodiac (星象学的星座)planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus 金星Neptune 海王星Uranus 天王星Ceres 谷物星(the largest asteroid and thefirst discovered)White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space)Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体 (rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen) Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Big Dipper 北斗七星Black hole 黑洞Celestial 天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos 宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar 阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor 流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar 类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas 天体图Solar corona 日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区托福听力常考词汇关于表演艺术表演艺术(舞蹈，电影，音乐 etc.) Genre 艺术分类Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play剧opera 歌剧film 电影camera 摄影camera shotanalytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet 芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography 摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture 雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vividanthem 国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage 海市蜃楼prolific 多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的托福听力常考词汇关于文学文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama 戏剧novel 小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美 Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue 前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义托福听力常考词汇关于美术美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste 粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster 海报Portrait 肖像Model 模式，模特mural 壁画Panorama 全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿。
托福听力考试常见的生词
托福听力考试常见的生词托福听力考试常见的生词有哪些?本文针对托福考试听力环节常见生词的信息，给大家做了必要的解析，希望通过这种方式能够及时有效的帮助大家掌握这方面信息。
下面就来看看为大家整理的这篇文章。
Intern 实习生，Internship实习时机，xylem(植)木质部，phloem(植)韧皮部1 B Battery jumper(电池)接电线，carpool合伙用车，escort护送，lost and found 失物招领，rituals仪式/程序，permeate充满/弥漫，raids袭击，vision视觉，life insurance寿险，health insurance健康险，property liability insurance财产责任险，premium保费，dune沙丘，gravel砾石，fine细微/细小，windward 向风的，slope坡，endorphin内啡肽(一种荷尔蒙)，painkiller止疼药，chronic 长期的，慢性的，placebo effect抚慰剂效果，neuro-chemical神经化学的1 C Crack裂开/裂口，pop敲击，inflammation炎症/狂热，sheathing覆盖物/防护物，tendons腱，tendonitis腱炎，carpal tunnel syndrome腕管综合症，pinch 捏/夹痛，numb麻木，tingling 感觉刺痛/脸红2 A 无2 B托福考试托福考试报名托福考试流程托福考试时间托福考试费用://toefl.533Moose麋，beaver河狸，elk驼鹿，snares张网/设陷阱，clan部落/宗族，animator动画片制，calling做事的冲动/热情，brainstorming集思广益2 CSea breeze海风，land breeze陆风，ascent上升，descent下降，horn号，versatility多用途/多功能，ritual仪式，bugle猎号，tsunamis海啸，epicenter 震中，eruption爆发，pounce猛冲/猛击，backwash退潮冲刷，wreck失事/沉船2 Dpartible inheritance可分割财产，primogeniture长子继承权，cash reserve现金储藏，inventory存货/盘存，retail零售，canyon trail峡谷小道，cramp抽筋，ranger护林员/巡逻队员，saltine cracker咸饼干，strenuous紧张艰苦的，lactic acid乳酸，fermentation发酵，aerobic需氧的2 EPigment色素/色质，tempera蛋彩画法/广告原料，dissolve溶解，suspended 悬浮，synthetic合成的，indigo(化)靛蓝色，ochre赫石/赫色，umber棕土色/红棕色，tinting着色/染色，Tyrian推罗人Shield volcano盾型火山，vent火山口，cinder火山渣，cone火山锥，magma 岩浆，viscosity黏稠，caldera破火山口，depression低洼地/底气压，smoldering无火苗的/阴燃的，geyser间歇泉，hot spring喷泉Quiz 1Eyestrain眼疲劳，skin rashes皮疹，Renaissance文艺复兴，perspective远景/透视画法，vanishing point尽头/灭点，mandatory强制的/命令的以上就是关于托福考试听力环节常见生词的详细解析，希望能帮助大家备考。
托福听力词汇完整版
新托福IBT听力场景入学：enrollment/register 登记, 注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation n.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition fee 费用placement test 开学测试excellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的below average 低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓:university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院science/ arts school 理科/文科学院undergraduate 本科postgraduate /graduate 研究生建筑物buildings:canteen.餐厅/cafeteria.自助餐厅dining hall 食堂administration building 行政大楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂, 礼堂=lecture hall assembly n.集合,集会computer lab 计算实验室，机房选课学科major 主修minor 副修science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学（micro-微marin-海洋）geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistic 语言学pedagogy 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学课程类型required、compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程上课：Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与Otherssemester/term 学期quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要exemption 免修Professor’s signature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长faculty 全体教职员dean 院长coordinator 班主任，协调人tutor 个人辅导supervisor 管理人作业：assignment 作业（lab/book/oral/mix media）report 实验报告project 项目survey 调查presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview vt.n.采访collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲(roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试：mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for补考,resit, retake重考grade （mark 、score）分数成绩：perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和BB plus B加A minus A减pass the exam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆：library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalog 图书目录classified catalog 分类目录title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf n.书架（vt.）stacks 书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部科研过程Hypothesis 假说Alternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说Collect dataSurvey 调查Questionnaire 调查问卷Experiment 实验Interfere, influence 打扰Observation 观察Analyze data 分析数据Interpret data 翻译数据Analysis 分析Analytical 分析的Subject 主题,科目,受制于…的SampleTreatment group 实验组Control group 实验对照组校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助：Letter of reference/recommendation 推荐信Competitive 竞争的Benefit future careerField research 实地调查研究Collect data for papersWaiter, waitress，Babysitter 临时保姆Work at the libraryQualification资格, qualified 合格的Resume, CV 简历financial aid经济援助Scholarship/Fellowship 奖学金Teaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant 助学金Loan 贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based 以优秀为基础Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部Career service住宿：宿舍：accommodation n.住处, 膳宿residence hall宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village 村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者,室友corridor n. 走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借, 租约landlord 房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台，sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartmenthouse key 房锁匙床上用品:pillow n.枕头bed linen n. 床上用品sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electric appliance(instrument;equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶fridge(refrigerator/freezer)冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设日常生活/问题:personalpossessions/property/belongings个人财产get insurance for personalpossessions/property/belongs garbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n. 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇Geology地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡Mud泥土, soil土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻Melt v.融化moltenGravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物Marble 大理石granite 花岗岩Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave 波动Volcano, volcanic 火山，火山的Volcanic eruption 火山喷发Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸(explosion)boom n.爆炸Blast n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Shear（a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves）Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业Insurance 保险Note 注意Contract合约Verbal agreement口头协议Repay 偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label 标签Contention 所持观点Inform 告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and demand供求Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Theme 主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Perceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense 感觉Soul 灵魂spiritElement 组成成分Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational有理性的Contemplation 沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明, justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral 有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic 内部的Extrinsic 外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 削弱Diminish （影响力）减小Medieval 中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine教义,主义,学说Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停天文学astronomyconstellation 星座zodiac （星象学的星座）planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星（the largest asteroid and the first discovered）White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space）Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体(rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen)Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Big Dipper 北斗七星Black hole 黑洞Celestial天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas天体图Solar corona日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.）Genre 艺术分类Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play剧opera歌剧film 电影camera 摄影camera shotanalytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vividanthem 国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage 海市蜃楼prolific 多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural 壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style建筑风格Art deco 装饰艺术Art moderneGeometric patterns 几何图形Arch 拱门Castle 城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing结构Lobby n. 大厅(entrance hall) Elevator n. 电梯Façade n. 正面Stairs 楼梯Interior 内部的Exterior 外部的Impressionistic style印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Renaissance 文艺复兴Medieval中世纪Byzantine architecture 527 (Sofia)-1520音乐Accompaniment 伴奏Audition 试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music古典音乐Concerto 协奏曲Lullaby 催眠曲Duet 二重奏Harmony 和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Serenade 小夜曲Solo 独奏Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music 民间音乐Prelude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score 乐谱Note 音符Notation 乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics 歌词Tempo 节奏Melody 主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune 旋律Conduct 指挥Violin 小提琴Viola 中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['krʌmhɔ:n]n. 变号(一种古双簧乐器)Harp 竖琴考古anthropologist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropologist 生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘Scoop铲子ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品pottery 陶器(potter) Porcelain瓷器fossil 化石relic 遗物，文物Rock painting 岩石画antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull 颅骨Cranial颅骨的Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的Exhume 挖掘PaleoanthropologyPrehistoric史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biological agencyCalcium钙Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Fermentation 发酵Fungus 菌类Gene基因Genetic engineering 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe 微生物Nucleus 细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasitic animal 寄生动物Parasite disease 寄生虫病Parasitology 寄生虫学Pathogen 病菌，病原体Protozoa 原生动物Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast 酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria) 细菌algae海藻coral珊瑚rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物ape 猿chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla 大猩猩monkey n. 猴子mammal 哺乳类动物dinosaur n.恐龙bat (ecolotion) 蝙蝠（声波定位）snowshoe hare 雪兔子raccoon 浣熊polar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部;reptile 爬行类动物snake, cobra眼镜蛇, rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard蜥蜴, snail 蜗牛amphibian adj. 两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n. 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪toad 蟾蜍pond 池塘puddle 水坑insect n.昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly 苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grasshopper 蚱蜢honey beemonarch butterfly 大花蝶large migratory American butterfly having deep orange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweedegg 卵larvae 幼虫caterpillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n. 白蚁marine adj. 海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark 鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅predator n. 捕食者prey n. 被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrimp 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab 螃蟹bird, humming bird artery 动脉scale 鳞片claw爪, paw爪子horn 角hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠hive 蜂巢pollen n. 花粉pollinate v.授粉hibernate 冬眠migrate v. 迁徙communicate v. 交流camouflage 保护色evolve 进化evolution n. 进化endotherm n.温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n. 冷血动物beak 鸟嘴enzymes 酵母secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragrance scent smell)gland 腺体chromosome 染色体植物botany植物学botanist 植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel 月桂chestnut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae(pl. alga) 海藻organism 有机物birch tree (bark) 桦树crops 谷物corn 玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用lichen 地衣,苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such as PUMPKIN s bean 豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral 花的petal 花瓣bloom 开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss 苔藓herbicide 除草剂herb 草本植物herbivorous 食草的classification 分类hierarchy 级别hazardous 有毒害的Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层Convection 对流Stratosphere 同温层Barometer 气压计current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb 吸收dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze 微风Blast 大风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风Cyclone 旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风Monsoon 季风Sandstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风Tropical depression热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel 漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v. 淹没drought 干旱Avalanche雪崩Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepid adj.微温的环保environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染：pollute, pollution, pollutant contaminant n.污染物contaminate v.污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学antiseptic adj.防腐的atmospheric pollution大气污染垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill), recycle, reduce, reuse,dump回收:glass, paper, water,milk carton牛奶盒, tyre,aluminium cans铝罐,plastic bags, rubbish bags biodegradable packaging可降解包装,throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料none-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料:natural gas, coal, petroleumlimited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源, replace=substitute v.取代wind power, hydropower水电,solar (lunar) power太阳能,nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约,污染: water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution土壤污染,noise pollutionsoil erosion 土壤侵蚀soil pollution土壤污染stain n.污染，污点，玷污stink v.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical 有毒的化学物品fume n.烟，气味light pollution日光污染refuse废物sewage污水pesticide n.杀虫剂chemical waste化学废料congest v.使充满危害动物:poaching非法打猎，盗猎,damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地,rare breed稀有物种,endangered species濒危物种, extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), animal rights activist动物权益保护者,natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物, preserve v.保护disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏,have disastrous effect on…对。
托福听力词汇
托福听力词汇新托福IBT听力场景assistant professor 助理教授入学:enrollment 登记, 注册 coordinator 班主任，协调人opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式 counselor 辅导员advisor 指导老师 commencement ceremony 毕业典礼 instructor 讲师tutor 个人辅导 convocation n.正式会议(可指简单的毕supervisor 管理人业典礼) undergraduate 本科 orientation meeting开学说明会 graduate 研究生建筑物buildings: staff n.全体职员 canteen.餐厅 freshman (大学)一年级学生 cafeteria.自助餐厅administration building 行政大楼sophomore (大学)二年级学生main building主楼 junior (大学)三年级学生 wing/annex 配楼teaching building教学楼senior (大学)四年级学生dormitory n.宿舍 tuition, fee 费用 auditorium n.会堂, 礼堂=lecture hallplacement test 开学测试assembly n.集合,集会hallexcellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的 computer lab 计算实验室，机房below average 低于平均水平的，差的 dining hall 食堂选课结构及称谓: 学科 university- president 大学，校长major 主修minor 副修chancellor 名誉校长 science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科college 学院 Mathematics 数学 school 学院 physics 物理 dean 院长chemistry 化学 principal 中学校长 biology 生物学 professor 教授geography 地理学 associate professor 副教授 electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学 Prerequisite 先修课程electronics engineering 电子工程学上课: botany 植物学 Attend class 上课 psychology 心理学 Miss class 缺课 zoology 动物学 Skip class逃课 architecture 建筑学 Syllabus 教学大纲 oceanography 海洋学 Required textbook 要求的课本ecology 生态学 Attendance 出勤 medical science 医学 Grading system 打分体系archaeology 考古学 Class participation 课堂参与history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学，教学法杂semester/term 学期 quarter小学期anthropology 人类学course guideline 课程纲要economics 经济学statistics 统计学 major 主修 accounting 会计学 minor 副修 philosophy 哲学 exemption 免修类型 syllabus 教学大纲 required、 compulsory course 必修课Professor’s signature 教授的签字(用于注册课程) selective/optional course选修课 Course cap课程容量(可以招收的学生数), elective course 选修课 openings (可供注册的名额)lecture 讲座Take选(课), drop 退(课)seminar 高级研讨性课Late registration晚注册colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程Deregistration 注销教师称号 workshop 专题课程 professor 教授级别 lecturer = instructor 讲师Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级teaching assistant = TA 助教Intermediate, secondary 中级research assistant = RA 助研Advanced 高级 counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长 deadline n.最终期限teacher/faculty 教师 extension 延期 student's advisor 学生顾问 due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲 (roadmap)physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家 bibliography n书目, 参考书目chemist 化学家 reference 参考 historian 历史学家 plagiarism n. 抄袭statistician 统计学家 revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿作业: speech n.演讲 assignment 作业 presentation 演讲，陈述homework = coursework = schoolwork = studies 作业 eye contact 目光接触 lab report 实验报告 intonation 音调 book report 读书报告考试: project 作业 mid-term exam 期中考presentation 发言term paper 学期论文 (research paper)final exams = finals 期末考thesis/essay/dissertation 论文 cumulative final 总结性考试journal 学术期刊 take-home exam(拿回家的开卷考试，social investigation 社会调查一般有限定的时间)open-book exam 开卷考试survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷 subjective test 主观性测试observation n.观察 objective test 客观性测试interview vt.n.采访collect data 收集数据 pop quiz 抽查式测验broad (论文等)内容宽泛blue book 答题本 narrow down (论文等)缩小范围 assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价source (写论文的)参考资料make up for补考, critical thinking 评判性思维resit, retake重考grade (mark 、score) 分数lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法成绩: library card 借书证 perfect grade 优异成绩 overdue fine 过期罚金low grade 低分 periodical reading room 期刊阅览室high mark 高分passing grade 及格分 online journal 在线期刊failing grade 不及格分 video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志full marks 满分straight A's 全A current issue 近期杂志be all A's and B's 全是A和Barchive 档案 B plus B加 non-fiction 非小说类文学作品A minus A减pass the iexam with flying colors 以优science-fiction 科幻小说异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业 copier 复印机check out 办理(借、还)手续diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书 renew 续借考试问题:分析成绩低的原因，给出overdue过期解决办法 interlibrary service 馆际服务图书馆: 部分名称 library图书馆 information desk n.服务台librarian图书管理员delivery/circulation desk借书台publication 出版物periodical 期刊 shelf n.书架 magazine 杂志 photocopy room复印室book catalogue 图书目录return area 还书处 classified catalogue 分类目录 students locker 学生存储间bibliography 参考书目 reference section 参考书部title index 书目索引科研过程 alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索Hypothesis 引 Alternative hypothesis择一假说circulation desk借书处Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说reserved books 馆藏书(只能在图书馆内借阅) Collect dataSurvey, questionnaireClubs 俱乐部Experiment Membership 成员资格Interfere, influenceObservation Career service Analyze dataInterpret data 住宿: Analysis 宿舍: Analytical accommodation n.住处, 膳宿SubjectSample residence hall宿舍 Treatment group suite 套间 Non-treatment studio 工作室，独立套间Control groupvillage 村落(校内一栋一栋的房子，校内工作，课外活动可以用做宿舍) 及寻找经济援助: lounge n.公共大厅(可以用做娱乐)Letter of reference/recommendationhome-stay 在国外住在房东家里的那Competitive 种 Benefit future career roommate同屋者,室友Field researchCollect data for papers corridor n. 走廊,过道，Waiter, waitress，Babysitter租房 Work at the library lease n.租借, 租约 Qualification资格, qualified 合格的landlord 房东landlady女房东 Resume, CV rent租金 financial aid经济援助tenant 房客patio n.阳台， sliding door n.推拉门Scholarship Fellowshipsingle room 单人房 Teaching assistantship 助教奖学金twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartmentResearch assistantship 研究奖学金house key 房锁匙 Grant 助学金床上用品: Loan 贷款 pillow n.枕头Need-based以需求为基础bed linen n. 床上用品Merit-based 以优秀为基础sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫 Student union 学生会 blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾家具类quilt n.棉被 furniture 家具bookshelf 书架电器类 bookcase 书柜electric appliance(instrument; couch 沙发 equipment) 电器 chest 柜子;橱;箱子heater, furnace 加热器，炉子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台heating unit 暖气片cabinet (电视机等)机箱;储藏柜;air conditioner 空调设备陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉 storage wall 壁橱washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机 rug 小地毯 (laundry 洗衣店) carpet 地毯utensil 器皿;用具 curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸kitchen utensil 炊具 fixture (房屋)固定装置oven 烤箱;烤炉 furnishings 室内陈设range 煤气灶日常生活/问题:dishwasher 洗碟机 personalpossessions/property/belongings个人财washing machine 洗衣机产get insurance for personal(hot-water) heater 热水器 possessions/property/belongscoffeepot 咖啡壶 garbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾refrigerator (freezer) 冰箱 dispose v. 处理gas meter煤气表vacuum cleaner 吸尘器 insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼tape player 录音机 leaking/leakage n. 泄漏CD player CD机 lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入Laundromat 自动洗衣店讲座场景词汇maintenance 维修，保养 Geology地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡 explode v.爆炸 (explosion)Mud泥土, soil土壤 boom n.爆炸 Earth n. 土 Blast n.爆炸 Sink v.下沉Avalanche n.雪崩 Ground water 地下水地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻 Seismic waves地震波Melt v.融化 molten Compression 压缩 Gravity n.重心 Shear (a deformation of an object in whichAggravate v.加重 parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves)Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭 Slow down减慢速度 Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀 Reflect 反射Depth深度 Fossil n.化石 Density 密度 Dinosaur n.恐龙 Boundary边界Sediment, deposit 沉淀物 Mantle地幔Crust地壳 Marble 大理石 Core地心 granite 花岗岩 Continental plate 大陆板块Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石 Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金 Continental drift 大陆漂移Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动 Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层 Wave 波动 Crack 裂缝 Volcano, volcanic 火山，火山的Molten lava 融化的岩浆Volcanic eruption 火山喷发Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞 Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的 Solar energy太阳能 Extinct adj. 熄灭的 Radiate 发射，放射 Magma n.岩浆 Crude approximation 大概的猜测Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发 Speculation猜测Cooling down冷却Crack 裂缝Mechanism 机制 seismic gap地震活动空白地带Length of the dayPhysical force 体力 postulate 假设 Imaginary line虚拟线chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱 Artificial reservoir 人工水库cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement地倾斜观测LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质 accumulate 积累 Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample样品商业Insurance 保险 Abundant 丰富的 Note 注意，票据 Glassy像玻璃的Contract合约 Amazon stones天河石Verbal agreement口头协议Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Repay 偿还Interest 利息 Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的 Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造 Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Label 标签 Precise measurement精确的测量Contention 所持观点Inform 告知 Global Positioning System全球定位系Cost成本统 Profit 利润loss损失 Longitude 经度 Net净的，gross粗略的Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资Supply and demand供求源Gas hydrate气体水合物Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动 Trap 困住 Recession 衰退 Flame 火焰 Depression 萧条Potential 潜在的 Marketing strategies市场营销策略Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Critic 评论家Distribution 分布 Old-fashioned 过时的Retail 零售Whole sale 批发 Valuable 有价值的 Franchise特许经营 Survive 生存，存活 Budget预算 Conservative 保守的哲学 Liberal 开放的 Socrates, Plato and AristotleImpractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的 Theme 主题 Cognitive 认知的 Logic 逻辑 Weaken 削弱 Rhetoric 修辞 Diminish (影响力)减小Fundamental causes 基本原因Medieval 中世纪 Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Renaissance 文艺复兴Perceive 看待，观察 Doctrine教义,主义,学说Perception 观点Sense 感觉 Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Soul 灵魂spiritElement 组成成分 Epistemology n. 认识论Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational有理性的Metaphysics形而上学,玄学Contemplation 沉思，思考Reconcile和解,调停天文学astronomy Judgment判断 constellation 星座 Just公正的，justice 公正zodiac (星象学的星座)Justify证明, justification 合理的理由planet 行星sun 恒星 Explicit 明确的 Jupiter 木星 Ethics道德规范 Pluto 冥王星Ethical theory 伦理理论Saturn 土星Mercury 水星 Moral 有道德的 Mars 火星 Ultimate truth终极真理Venus金星Neptune海王星 Universal 普遍的 Uranus天王星 Search for truth 追求真理Ceres 谷物星(the largest asteroid and thefirst discovered) Vary v.不相同 White dwarf 白矮星 Intrinsic 内部的Big Dipper 北斗七星 Extrinsic 外部的 Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系 Comet 彗星Galaxy n.星系 Cosmos宇宙, orbit v.运行n.轨道 cosmetic宇宙的 rotate v. 转 Cosmology宇宙学 Axis n.轴 Emission 排放物，发射track n. 轨道outer space外太空 Faint 微弱的 gravity n.重力 Feeble 微弱的 equator n.赤道 Gaseous bodies 气态包tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度 Gravitational force 吸引力dimension n.维度distance n. 距离 Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小 High resolution 高清晰度Centripetal 向心 Ignite 引燃 Centrifugal 离心 Illusive object 幻影物体Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) Image 影响，形象 and dust in interstellar space)Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Nebulous adj. 星云的Interferometer 干扰仪Gas 气体 (rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen)Intergalactic 星系间的Particle 微粒Polar light 极光 International date line 国际日期变更线Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Interplanetary 星球间的Big Dipper 北斗七星 Interstellar星际的 Black hole 黑洞 Leap year 闰年 Celestial天体的 Light year光年 Celestial map 天体图Luminosity光亮度Centrifugal force 离心力Lunar阴历的，月亮的Chondrite 球粒状陨石Massive 巨大的Meteor流星 Chromosphere太阳的色球层Meteor shower 流星雨Clockwise 顺时针Meteorite陨石 Cluster 星团，一群星星Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼choreographer 舞蹈指导Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层 Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星 Abstract art抽象艺术 Polestar 北极星 landscape风景Pseudoscience 伪科学photography摄影exposure 曝光 Quasar类星体 develop film 冲洗胶卷Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转 negative n. 底片 Rotation 旋转 portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、Satellite 卫星Sky atlas天体图 still life静物 Solar corona日冕 sculpture雕塑Space debris 太空垃圾statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vividSpace shuttle 太空飞船anthem 国歌 Space suit 太空服 Critic 评论家 Spin 快速旋转 Criticism 批评，评论Star cluster 星群，星团Review n.评论 Stellar 星星的Masterpiece 杰作 Sunspot 太阳黑子 Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Time difference 时差Time zone 时区 Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力表演艺术(舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.)Feature 特点Characteristics 特点 Genre 艺术分类Distinct adj.与众不同的Performing art 表演艺术Unique 独一无二的 modern dance piece现代舞 Style 风格Technique 技巧 concert 音乐会 Gallery n.画馆 play剧 Edition n.专辑opera歌剧 Release v. 发行 film 电影 Debut n.首映 camera 摄影Impressionist 印象主义者camera shotanalytical 分析的Impressionism 印象派parallel 平行的ballet芭蕾舞 Perspective 透视法Angle 角度 Leading character 主要角色Press/Publishing house出版社Literary criticism 文学评论Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage 海市蜃楼 Literary studies 文学学习prolific 多产Preserve v. 保存 Modernism 现代主义Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌文学 Prologue前言 Literature 文学 Proverb谚语 Poetry诗歌 Surrealism 超现实主义biography传记autobiography 自传美术 detective stories 侦探小说 Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法 drama戏剧 Imitating模仿 novel小说Novelist 小说家Landscape painting风景画collection of short stories短篇小说集 Oil painting油画Paste粘贴 Allegory寓言 Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Comparative literature比较文学Pigmentation 颜料 Diary 日记 Canvas 帆布 Editorial 社论，重要评论Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱 Fiction 小说 Perspective透视画法 Aestheticism 唯美Poster海报 Autobiography 自传Portrait肖像 Descriptive prose 描述散文Model模式，模特mural 壁画 Fairy tale 童话 Panorama全景 Futurism 未来派Pastel drawing蜡笔画Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Sketch草图Autograph手稿 Narrative prose 叙述性散文建筑Architecture建筑学 Podium 讲台 Architect建筑师 Prose 散文Architectural style建筑风格Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Art deco 装饰艺术Art moderneSymphony 交响乐Geometric patterns 几何图形Ballad歌谣Folk music 民间音乐 Arch 拱门 Prelude 前奏 Castle 城堡 Epilogue 尾声Cathedral大教堂 Score 乐谱 Framing结构 Note 音符 Lobby n. 大厅(entrance hall)Notation 乐谱，记号法Elevator n. 电梯 Chord symbol和弦符号Façade n. 正面Stairs 楼梯 Lyrics 歌词 Interior 内部的 Tempo 节奏 Exterior 外部的Melody 主旋律 Impressionistic style印象派风格Rhythm节奏Tune 旋律 Mosque清真寺 Conduct 指挥 Pyramid金字塔 Violin 小提琴Revival 复活 Viola 中提琴 Renaissance 文艺复兴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管 Medieval中世纪 Clarinet单簧管 Byzantine architecture 527 (Sofia)-1520krummhorn['kr?mh?:n]n. 变号(一种古双簧乐器)Harp 竖琴音乐Accompaniment 伴奏考古anthropologist 人类学家Audition 试听，试表演ecological 生态的 Band music 乐队音乐anthropologist 生态人类学家Chord弦乐，弦 archaeology 考古学 Classical music古典音乐anthropology 人类学Concerto 协奏曲 morphology 形态学 Lullaby 催眠曲 Ancientcivilization 古代文明Duet 二重奏Harmony 和弦，和谐origin 起源originate 起源于 Rock and roll 摇滚 ancestor 祖先 Serenade 小夜曲hominid 人(科) Solo 独奏 homogeneous 同一种族(种类)的Sonata 奏鸣曲tribe 部落 Carbohydrate 碳水化合物clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家 Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳excavation 挖掘 Cell细胞 excavate (unearth) 挖掘Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒 Scoop铲子 Enzymes 酶 ruins 遗迹，废墟 Fatigue 疲惫remains 遗迹，遗骸 Fermentation 发酵Fungus 菌类 artifact 手工艺品 Gene基因 pottery 陶器 (potter) Genetic engineering 基因工程学Porcelain瓷器fossil 化石 Glucose 葡萄糖 relic 遗物，文物 Immunology免疫学 Rock painting 岩石画Incubation 孵蛋Inflection传染 antique 古物，古董 Malaria 疟疾 antiquity 古代，古老Microbe 微生物 skull 颅骨 Nucleus 细胞核 Cranial颅骨的 One-celled单细胞的 Stone Age 石器时代 Oxidation氧化 Bronze Age (青)铜器时代 Parasitic animal 寄生动物Iron Age 铁器时代 Parasite disease 寄生虫病Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Parasitology 寄生虫学Mesolithic 中石器时代的Pathogen 病菌，病原体Neolithic 新石器时代的Protozoa 原生动物 Exhume 挖掘 Sanitation 卫生 Paleoanthropology Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Prehistoric史前的Primitive原始的 Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒动物 Toxin 毒素微生物 Vaccine 疫苗 Amino acid 氨基酸 Virus 病毒 Antibody 抗体 Yeast 酵母 Bacterium 细菌动物Biological agency Calcium钙 living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria) 细菌 markings; the larvae feed on milkweed algae海藻 egg 卵 coral珊瑚 larvae 幼虫caterpillar 毛虫rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物 pupa/ chrysalis 茧 ape 猿 termite n. 白蚁chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩 marine adj. 海洋的beaver 狸 gorilla 大猩猩 whale 鲸 monkey n. 猴子 shark 鲨鱼 mammal 哺乳类动物 dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅 dinosaur n.恐龙 predator n. 捕食者 bat (ecolotion) 蝙蝠(声波定位)prey n. 被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的 snowshoe hare 雪兔子shrimp 虾lobster 龙虾 raccoon 浣熊 clam 蚌 polar bear 北极熊 crab 螃蟹 snout (动物的)口鼻部;bird, humming birdartery 动脉 reptile 爬行类动物 scale 鳞片 snake, cobra眼镜蛇, rattle snake 响尾claw爪 , paw爪子蛇 horn 角 lizard蜥蜴, hormone 荷尔蒙 snail 蜗牛 intestine 肠 amphibian adj. 两栖动物hive 蜂巢pollen n. 花粉 crocodile 鳄鱼 pollinate v.授粉 frog n. 青蛙hibernate 冬眠 tadpole 蝌蚪 migrate v. 迁徙 toad 蟾蜍 communicate v. 交流 pond 池塘 camouflage 保护色 puddle 水坑evolve 进化 insect n.昆虫 evolution n. 进化 mosquito 蚊子 endotherm n.温血动物,恒温动物fly 苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀 poikilotherm n. 冷血动物grasshopper 蚱蜢honey bee beak 鸟嘴 monarch butterfly 大花蝶large enzymes 酵母migratory American butterfly having secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌deep orange wings with black and whitepancreas 胰腺 cluster 花簇果实串odor 气味(还有aroma fragrance scent smell) moss 苔藓 gland 腺体herbicide 除草剂 chromosome 染色体 herb 草本植物植物 herbivorous 食草的botany植物学 classification 分类 botanist 植物学家 hierarchy 级别tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原hazardous 有毒害的Meteorology 气象 fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类 meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家laurel 月桂chestnut tree 栗子树 forecast (predict) 预报root 根branch 枝 climate 气候 stem 茎 atmosphere 大气层 algae(pl. alga) 海藻 troposphere 对流层 organism 有机物 Convection 对流 birch tree (bark) 桦树 Stratosphere 同温层 crops 谷物 Barometer 气压计 corn 玉米 current (气)流 maize 玉米 vapor 蒸汽 chlorophyll 叶绿素 evaporate 蒸发 amino acids 氨基酸 damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮 humidity 湿度 photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) moisture 潮湿;水分光合作用lichen 地衣,苔藓 saturate 饱和 squash 南瓜one of a group of large absorb 吸收 vegetables with solid flesh and hard dew 露 skins, such as PUMPKINsfrost 霜fog (mist) 雾 bean 豆类植物 smog 烟雾 nectar花蜜 droplet 小水珠flower花 condense 浓缩 floral 花的 crystal 水晶体 petal 花瓣 downpour (torrential rain) 大雨bloom 开花blossom 花 tempest (storm) 暴风雨pollen花粉germinate 传粉授精 drizzle 细雨 species 物种 shower 阵雨hail 冰雹 environmental protection 环境保护blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪environmentally-friendly 环保的avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩preserve v.保护，保存precipitation (雨、露、雪等)降水污染:Thunder 雷 pollute, pollution, pollutantLightening 闪电breeze 微风 contaminant n.污染物Blast 大风gale 大风 contaminate v.污染 whirlwind 旋风 ecosystem生态系统Cyclone 旋风，飓风 ecology n.生态学typhoon 台风 antiseptic adj.防腐的 hurricane 飓风 atmospheric pollution大气污染Monsoon 季风Sandstorm沙尘暴垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste,Dust storm沙尘暴 littertornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill),Tropical depression热带低气压recycle, reduce, reuse,Wind direction 风向dumpWind velocity 风速回收:glass, paper, water,Wind scale 风力funnel 漏斗，漏斗云 milk carton牛奶盒, tyre,cumulonimbus 积雨云aluminium cans铝罐,disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难 plastic bags, rubbish bags devastation 破坏 biodegradable packaging可降解包装,submerge 淹没overwhelm v. 淹没throwaway 可丢弃的 drought 干旱 disposable 可丢弃的Avalanche雪崩 discourage v. 不鼓励 Balmy 温和的燃料Chilly寒冷的 none-renewable 不可再生的Frigid僵硬的，严格的fossil fuels矿石燃料:Heat-wave热浪Tepid adj.微温的 natural gas, coal, petroleum环保limited/finite natural resources 有限的damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地,自然资源alternative energy替代能源, rare breed稀有物种,endangered species濒危物种,replace=substitute v.取代extinct adj.灭绝 (die out, disappear),wind power, hydropower水电,animal rights activist动物权益保护者 ,solar (lunar) power太阳能,natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然nuclear power核能保护区, radioactivity n. 辐射性protect wild life保护野生动物,use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽preserve v.保护disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏,conserve v. 节省，节约,have disastrous effect on…对。
托福听力之学科词汇
学科词汇汇总antibody 抗体toxin 毒素immunity 免疫immunology 免疫学vaccine 疫苗fungus 真菌bacteria 细菌fermentation 发酵inflection 传染/ 感染microorganism / microbe 微生物virus 病毒disfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌biology 生物学marine biology 海洋生物学entomology 昆虫学ornithology 鸟类学microbiology 微生物学genetics 遗传学speciology 物种学parasitology 寄生虫学paleontology 古生物学paleontologist 古生物学家dinosaur 恐龙die out / extinction 灭绝mammal 哺乳动物carnivore 食肉动物rodent 啮齿类动物underwater 水下的marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器diving 潜水/ 跳水one-celled organism 单细胞有机体tissue（动植物细胞的）组织protective camouflage 保护色predator 捕猎者oceanic. 海洋的snail 蜗牛animal adaptation 动物适应性survival of the fittest 适者生存origin of species 物种起源wild environment 野生环境insecticide 杀虫剂prenatal care 产后护理habitat 栖息地tentacle 触须prey 捕食navigate 导航tiny receptor 接收器nerve / specimen 物种amphibian 两栖类动物decline in the number数量减少gene 基因genetic 基因的，遗传的endangered species 濒危动物survival 活着的transition 转变/过渡microbe 微生物yeast 酵母（菌）bacteria 细菌single-cell 单细胞reptile 爬行类动物hatch 孵化incubation 孵化nest 巢offspring 子孙chew up 咀嚼unfertilized eggs 未受精卵nutrient 营养品nourishment营养品/ 食物feed 喂养cannibalism 同类相食respiration 呼吸ingestion 摄食digestion 消化digestive enzyme 消化酶cell 细胞nucleus 细胞核cytoplasm 细胞质plasma lemma / cell membrane 细胞膜cell wall细胞壁protein 蛋白质amino acid 核酸plankton 浮游生物heredity 遗传mutation of species 物种变异chromosome 染色体genetic engineering 遗传工程solitary 独居social 群居bio-diversity 生物多样性metamorphosis 变态/变形mutation 变种variation 变异zoology 动物学Darwinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择phylum 门class 纲order 目suborder亚目family 科genus 属species种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian/amphibious animal 两栖动物protozoa 原生动物rodent 啮齿动物ruminant 反刍动物parasitic animal 寄生动物primate 灵长动物plankton 浮游生物mollusk 软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore 食草动物mammal 哺乳动物homotherm 恒温动物cold-blooded animal 冷血动物poikilotherm 变温动物scavenger 食腐动物carnivorous 食肉的herbivorous 食草的omnivorous 杂食的bird 鸟类camouflage['kæmuflɑ:ʒ伪装hibernate 冬眠；蛰伏regeneration 再生predatory / carnivore食肉的predator 捕食者prey 捕食hordes/swarms（昆虫等）群flock（牛、羊等）群community 动物的群落或人的部落population 种群herd 兽群hygiene 卫生sanitation 公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous 一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous 一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic 游牧的；流浪的trapper 诱捕动物者niche 小生态环境vestige退化器fertilizer 使受精metabolism 新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply / reproduce 繁殖spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物scales 鳞feathers 羽毛armor 甲spinal cord 脊椎digestive system 消化系统excretory system 排泄系统reproductive system 生殖系统circulatory system 循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormonal system 内分泌系统digestive duct 消化管esophagus 食管stomach 胃small intestine小肠large intestine 大肠anus 肛门digestive gland 消化腺salivary gland唾液腺liver 肝gallbladder 胆pancreas 胰squirrel 松鼠marten 貂bat 蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter 水獭antelope 羚羊gorilla 大猩猩chimpanzee 黑猩猩baboon 狒狒hyena 鬣狗moose 驼鹿beaver 海狸elk 麋鹿reindeer 驯鹿giraffe 长颈鹿rhinoceros 犀牛hippo 河马sloth 树懒slothful 懒惰的frog 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪salamander 蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle 龟lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色龙alligator/ cayman / crocodile 鳄鱼centipede 蜈蚣robin 知更鸟owl 猫头鹰barnacle 北极鹅penguin 企鹅canary 金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture 秃鹫crane 鹤stork鹳ptarmigan 雷鸟migrate 迁移plumage 羽体camouflage 伪装wing 翅膀bill 鸟嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴insect昆虫:wasp 黄蜂hornet 大黄蜂spider 蜘蛛pest 害虫worm 虫/蠕虫cicada 蝉mantis 螳螂cockroach 蟑螂earthworm 蚯蚓antenna / tentacle 触须larva 幼虫jellyfish 水母nettle fish 海蜇coral 珊瑚dolphin 海豚whale 鲸鱼shrimp 小虾prawn 对虾lobster 龙虾crab螃蟹mussel 贻贝；蚌类clam 蛤蜊oyster 牡蛎sponge 海绵starfish 海星squid 鱿鱼；乌贼burro / octopus章鱼sole 鳎；鳎目鱼plaice 鲽，红斑比目鱼botany 植物学botanical / botanic 植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant寄生植物root 根canopy 树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf 叶leaflet 小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk 叶柄shoot / sprout 嫩芽/抽枝flower 花bud 花蕾petal 花瓣peel / skin 果皮shell（硬）果壳husk（干）果壳/（玉米）苞叶trunk 树干bark 树皮branch 树枝bough 大或者粗的树枝twig 小树枝jungle丛林lawn 草坪meadow 草地/牧场prairie 大草原mosses 苔藓shrub / bush 灌木cluster 一簇（灌木）fern 蕨类植物horsetails 木贼类植物club mosses 石松类植物herb 草photosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll 叶绿素symbiosis 共生symbiotic 共生的wither / shrivel / fade 凋谢blossom 花pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉petal 花瓣nectar 花蜜tissue 组织organ 器官system 系统seeds种子everlasting永久的crossbreed 杂交root pressure 根压bore 腔/肠cohesion-tension 凝聚压力column 花柱necrosis 坏死barren 贫瘠的；不生育的futile 无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose 葡萄糖starch 淀粉fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养perennial 多年一生的annual 一年一生的verdant 绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen 常青树conifer tree针叶树larch 落叶松pine 松树spruce 云杉juniper 刺柏；杜松sequoia 红杉elm 榆树walnut 核桃树redwood 红木树plum blossom 梅花orchid 兰花chrysanthemum 菊花water lily 荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花rose 玫瑰carnation 康乃馨lily 百合jasmine 茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower 向日葵camellia 茶花corn / maize / mealie 玉米pumpkin 南瓜tomato 番茄lettuce 莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat 小麦rye 黑麦barley 大麦oats 燕麦meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家meteorological station 气象站forecast / predict 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层stratosphere 平流层mesosphere 中间层ionosphere 电离层exosphere 逸散层cold front 冷锋warm air mass 热气团current（气）流moisture 潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp / moist / humid 潮湿humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿/ 水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost霜fog / mist 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水condense 浓缩crystal水晶体sheet（水、冰、雪的）一层downpour / torrential rain 大雨tempest (storm) / torrential rain 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard / snowstorm 暴风雪avalanche / snow slide 雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze 微风sandstorm 沙暴monsoon 季风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风tornado / twister / cyclone 龙卷风wind scale 风级tsunami / seismic sea wave 海啸tidal wave 潮汐；浪潮upper atmosphere 上层大气funnel 漏斗云disaster / calamity /catastrophe 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾convection 对流wind velocity 风速wind direction 风向long-range forecast 长期预报numerical weather prediction 数值天气预报nephanalysis 云层分析；卫星云图crust 地壳mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer / stratum 地层stratigraphy 地层学fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift / crack / split 断裂disintegration /decomposition 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩limestone 石灰岩granite 花岗岩marble 大理石lithosphere 岩石圈magma / molten lava 岩浆quartz 石英mineral 矿物ore 矿石deposit 矿床rubble 碎石debris 残骸platinum 白金/ 铂金silver 银copper 黄铜aluminum 铝tin 锡lead 铅zinc 锌nickel 镍mercury 汞/水银sodium 钠gem 宝石diamond钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby 红宝石glacier 冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch / age / period 冰川期glacial drift 冰渍moraines 冰碛iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山(sloping) shield volcano 盾状火山（平缓）(steep-sided) cone volcano 锥状火山（陡峭）eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口caldera （开口较大的）火山口depression 洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava 火山岩浆volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash 火山灰geyser 间歇喷泉hot spring 温泉earthquake / quake / tremor / seism 地震seismic 地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic intensity scale 震烈度seismic wave 地震波transverse wave 横波longitudinal wave 纵波epicenter 震中epicentral distance 震中距aftershock 余震cataclysm 灾变tsunami / tidal / force 海啸undersea landslide海底山崩melt global warming 全球逐渐变暖aquifer 蓄水层swamp 沼泽peat bog 泥炭沼泽Great Canyon 大峡谷Nile River 尼罗河Colorado river 科罗拉多河crumples zones 地质缓冲地带bedrock 岩床bulge 凸起物archaeology 考古学paleontology 古生物学anthropology 人类学archaeologist 人类学家pale-anthropologist古人类学家ecological anthropologist 生态人类学家psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家originate起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同以种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族excavation 挖掘excavate / unearth 挖掘ruins 遗迹/废墟remains 遗产/遗骸artifact 手工艺品relic 遗物/文物antique 古物/古董antiquity 古代/古老Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age 青铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的morphology 形态学skull 颅骨cranial 颅骨的fossil 化石ancient civilization 古代文明cave man 山顶洞人cultural relics 文物rock painting 岩画hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线/ 经线parallel 平行圈latitude 纬线longitude 经线/ 经度elevation 海拔altitude 高度/ 海拔horizon 地平线equator 赤道temperature latitudes 温带地区tropics 热带地区Arctic / the North Pole 北极Antarctic / Antarctica 南极the Antarctic Continent南极洲the Antarctic Circle南极圈the Arctic Circle 北极圈aurora 极光tropics of Cancer 北回归线tropics of Capricorn 南回归线international date line 国际日期变更线time difference 时差time zone 时区topography 地形/ 地形学plain 平原plateau / highland 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地oasis 绿洲enclave 飞地peak 山峰cordillera /ranges 山脉carven / cave 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean 地底下coastland 沿海地区coastline 海岸线watershed 分水岭upper reaches 上游lower reaches 下游tributary 支流deposit 沉积spring / fountain 泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed 河床gulf / bay 海湾waterfall 瀑布cascade 小瀑布；喷流reef 暗礁tide 湖水torrent水的急流tropical rain forest 热带雨林continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛archipelago 群岛delta 三角洲landlocked area 内陆inland waterway 内陆河subcontinent次大陆cliff 山崖valley 山谷hillside / mountain slope 山坡continental shelf 大陆架canyon / gorge 峡谷channel / strait 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的/ 陆地的terrestrial heat / geothermal 地热terrestrial magnetism 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉积物tropical 热带的temperate温带的frigid 寒带的frost heaving 冻胀现象tundra 苔原，冻原fieldstone 卵石the Mediterranean Sea 地中海the primeval forest 原始森林Scandinavia 斯堪的纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)Fjord [fjɔ:d]峡湾coral reef 珊瑚礁Chalk 白垩纪cataclysm 大洪水ridge 山脊；分水岭abyss 深渊territory 版图；领土地域Pyrenees 比利牛斯山脉Carpathians 喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius 维苏威火山Pompeii 庞贝precipice悬崖eon 世；纪；代glacier 冰河Pangaea 盘古大陆dune 沙丘Lagoon 咸水湖astronomy 天文学astronomical observatory 天文台planetarium 天文馆astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学cosmos / universe 宇宙cosmology 宇宙infinite 无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线celestial 天体的celestial body / heavenly body天体celestial map / sky atlas 天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf / dwarf star 矮星quasar 类星体constellation 星座galaxy / Milky Way 银河系star cluster 星团asterism 星群solar system 太阳系solar corona 日冕solar eclipse 日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet 行星planetoid / asteroid小行星revolve 旋转twinkle 闪烁naked eye 肉眼Mercury 水星Venus 金星Earth 地球Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin 旋转satellite卫星lunar 月球的meteor流星meteor shower 流星雨star 恒星meteoroid 流星体meteorite 陨石comet 彗星space / outer space 太空，外层空间spacecraft / spaceship 宇宙飞船space shuttle 航天飞机space telescope 空间望远镜astronaut / spaceman 宇航员space suit 宇航服stellar 恒星的intergalactic 星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary 行星间的asteroid 小行星nebula 星云space debris太空垃圾ammonia 氨photosphere光球；光球层chromospheres 色球；色球层日冕层sunspot 太阳黑子（发生在光球层）flare 耀斑（发生在色球层）solar prominence 日珥（发生在色球层）convection zone 对流层vacuum 真空infrared ray 红外线absolute magnitude 绝对量级emission 发射/散发high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪，干涉仪illusive object 幻影体faint 微弱的image影像gravitational force 吸引力molten 融化的leap year闰年rotation 自传revolution 公转black hole 黑洞ultraviolet ray 紫外线luminosity 光度light year 光年ecology 生态学ecosystem 生态系统balance of nature 自然界生态平衡fauna 动物群flora 植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse 温室效应infrared radiation 红外线辐射ozone layer / ozonosphere 臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气控制water pollution 水污染noxious / toxic 有毒的fumes（有毒的）废气waste 废物solid waste 固体废物sewage / wastewater 污水sewage purification 污水净化swage disposal 污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝fossil fuel 矿物燃料process of photo synthesis 光合作用solar energy 太阳能nonrenewable 不可再生的energy conservation 保护能源resource 资源energy source 能源资源tidal energy潮汐能fuel-efficient 节能型的rush hour 高峰期zero emission 零辐射wildness 野生/天然preservation 保护atmosphere 大气carbon 碳dioxide 二氧化物burning of coal and oil 煤油燃烧global warming 全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应rise in sea level 海平面上升long-term climatic change 长期的气候变化environmental recycling center 再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage 垃圾pollutant 污染物desertification 沙漠化deforest 滥伐森林drought 干旱water shortage 水源缺乏offshore spillage 近海岸溢出carbon dioxide release 二氧化碳排放industrial sewage 工业污水recycling 再循环purify 净化deteriorate 恶化acid rain 酸雨sewage disposal 污水处理environment protection 环境保护ozone layer 臭氧层waste disposal 废物处理emission（汽车废气的）排放soot 烟尘ElNiño 厄尔尼诺现象artist 艺术家choreographer 舞蹈编排家critic 批评家satirist 讽刺作家inventor 发明家biographer 自传作家sculptor 雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian 人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor 业主mortal 犯人precursor 先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice 学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist 简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde 前卫派territory 领域genre 风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd 怪诞的/奇数的erratic 奇怪的weird 怪异的/不可思议的romantic 浪漫的innocent 天真的/无罪的lovelorn 相思病苦的emotional 情绪的/情感的sentimental 感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless 无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal家长的/ 族长的rigid 僵化的spare 简朴的clumsy 笨拙的zigzag 曲折的contemporary 当代的acclaimed 受欢迎的preeminent 杰出的versatile（人）多才多艺的/（物）多功能的household 家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine 真正的authentic 逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic 象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia 怀旧主义/思乡emotive 感人的prodigious 巨大的classic 经典的posthumous 死后的文学pose 散文diary 日记autobiography 传记editorial 社论narrative prose 叙述性descriptive prose描写性essay 随笔poetry诗歌ballad 民谣lullaby 催眠曲fiction 小说allegory 寓言fairy tale 童话legend 传说proverb 谚语model 人物原型leading character 主人公main plot 主要情节prelude 序曲prologue 序言epilogue 尾声literary criticism 文学批评literary studies 文学研究schools of literature 文学流派comparative literature 比较文学realism 现实主义surrealism 超现实主义aestheticism 唯美主义音乐musical instrument 乐器orchestra（管弦）乐队shook rattle 摇拨浪鼓pound dru 击鼓foot beat 跺脚note音符score 乐谱movement 乐章fanatical狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music 民间音乐pop music 流行音乐classical music 古典音乐Jazz 爵士乐symphony 交响乐rock and roll 摇滚乐band music/ wind music 管乐string 弦乐violin 小提琴viola 中提琴cello 大提琴harp 竖琴horn 号；喇叭clarinet单簧管oboe 双簧管keyboard instrument 键盘乐器percussion 震荡/打击乐器vocal music 声乐concerto 协奏曲sonata 奏鸣曲serenade 小夜曲solo 独奏/ 独唱duet 二重唱conducting 指挥podium 指挥台accompaniment 伴奏quality 音质volume 音量chord 和弦harmony 和声rest 休止time 节拍lullaby 催眠曲prelude 序曲epilogue 尾声政治经济subsistence 存活，生活subsistence wage 刚够养家糊口的工资subsistence level 收支平衡的生活水平kinship 亲属关系，血缘关系commodity 商品check 支票；收据；账单bank loan 银行贷款interest 利息withdraw 从银行账户中提款honor (a cheque/bill/draft)承兑a run on a bank 挤兑the Great Depression大萧条consumerism 消费主义（认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法）；保护消费者权益主义affluence富裕，富足sophisticated 世故的，老练的；复杂的，尖端的建筑architecture 建筑学architect 建筑学家construct 结构wing 辐楼/ 侧楼design 设计elevator 电梯skyscraper 摩天大楼design element 设计元素log structure 原木结构cabin 小木屋beam 梁prototype 原型building technique 建筑工艺new material 新材料metal-frame 金属结构repair person 修理工planetarium 天文馆aquarium 水族馆archives 档案馆office building 写字楼cathedral 大教堂mosque 清真寺the statue of liberty 自由女神像the triumphal arch 凯旋门sphinx 狮身人面像pyramid 金字塔美术fine arts 美术oil painting 油画water color 水彩画tempera 蛋彩画sketch 速写/素描pastel 彩色蜡笔画poster 海报/招贴画charcoal drawing 木炭画mural painting / fresco 壁画engraving 版画lithograph 石板画landscape painting 风景画still life 静物画portrait 肖像画caricature 漫画pigment 颜色，色素canvas油画布brush 画笔drawing board 画板perspective 透视画法original原作copy 临本reproduction / replica复制品genuine 真的fake 假的gallery 美术馆autograph 真迹panorama 全景画calligraphy 书法paste 裱糊impressionistic style 印象派风格framing 装框sculptor 雕塑家figurine 小雕像bust半身雕塑像animator 漫画家saxophonist萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo 靛蓝。
托福听力分类词汇汇总
托福听力分类词汇汇总植物学botany植物学botanical / botanic 植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic PIaIIt 水生植物ParaSite PIant 寄生植物root 根CanOPy树冠层 /顶棚foliage / Ieaf 叶Ieaflet小叶rosette （叶的）丛生Steln 茎StaIk 杆IeafStaIk 叶柄ShOOt/ SPrOUt 嫩芽/抽枝flower 花bud花蕾PetaI花瓣Peel / SkilI果皮Shen （硬）果壳husk （干）果壳/ （玉米苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle丛林IaWll 草meadow 草地/牧场Prairie大草原InOSSeS苔W ShrUb Zbush灌木CIUSter 一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horsetails 木贼类植物ClUb mosses石松类植物herb 草PhOtOSylltheSiS光合作用ChIOrOPhyn叶绿素SymbiOSiS 共生SynlbiotiC 共生的Wither /ShriVeI / fade 凋谢blossom 花POlIen花粉pollinate 传授(starch) 碳水larch 落叶松花粉petal 花化合物（淀粉）pine 松树瓣nectar 花蜜glucose 葡萄spruce 云杉tissue 组织糖starch 淀粉juniper 刺organ 器官fat 脂肪柏；杜松system 系统protein 蛋白sequoia 红杉seeds种子质elm 榆树everlasting 永vitamin 维他walnut 核桃树久的命redwood 红木crossbreed 杂malnourished 树交营养不良的plum blossomroot pressure nutrition 营养梅花根压perennial 多年orchid 兰花bore 腔/肠一生的chrysanthemu cohesion-tensi annual 一年一m 菊花on 凝聚压力生的water lily 荷花column 花柱verdant 嫩绿/莲花necrosis 坏死的，翠绿的rhododendron barren 贫瘠evergreen 常杜鹃花的；不生育的青树carnation 康futile 无用的conifer tree 针乃馨carbohydrate 叶树jasmine 茉莉花mealie 玉米rye 黑麦helianthus / pumpkin 南瓜barley 大麦heliotrope / tomato 番茄oats 燕麦sunflower 向lettuce 莴苣日葵cabbage 卷心camellia 茶花菜corn / maize / wheat 小麦微生物学antibody 抗体bacteria 细菌virus 病毒toxin 毒素fermentation disinfection 消immunity 免发酵毒sterilization 疫inflection 传染灭菌immunology / 感染免疫学microorganisvaccine 疫苗m / microbefungus 真菌微生物生物学biology 生物biology 海洋虫学学生物学ornithology 鸟marine entomology 昆类学microbiology 微生物学underwater 水下的survival of thefittest 适者生genetics 遗传marine 海洋的存学scuba 水下呼origin of speciology 物吸器species物种起种学diving 潜水/ 源parasitology 跳水wild寄生虫学one-celled environmentpaleontology organism 单细野生环境古生物学胞有机体insecticide 杀paleontologist tissue（动植物虫剂古生物学家细胞的）组织prenatal caredinosaur 恐龙protective 产后护理die out / camouflage 保habitat 栖息地extinction 灭护色tentacle 触须绝predator 捕猎prey 捕食mammal 哺乳者navigate 导航动物oceanic snail tiny receptor carnivore 食蜗牛a 接收器肉动物nimal nerve /rodent 啮齿类adaptation 动specimen 物种动物物适应性amphibian 两栖类动物decline in the hatch 孵化incubation 孵酶cell 细胞number 数量化nucleus 细胞减少nest 巢核gene 基因offspring 子孙cytoplasm 细genetic 基因的chew up 咀嚼胞质endangered unfertilized plasma lemma species濒危动eggs未受精卵/ cell 物nutrient 营养membrane survival 活着品细胞膜的nourishment cell wall 细胞transition 转变营养品/ 食壁/过渡物protein 蛋白microbe 微生feed 喂养质物cannibalism amino acid yeast 酵母同类相食核酸（菌）respiration 呼plankton 浮游bacteria 细菌吸生物single-cell 单ingestion 摄食heredity 遗传细胞digestion 消化mutation of reptile 爬行类digestive species 物种变动物enzyme 消化异chromosome 染色体solitary 独居social 群居s 变态/ 变形mutation 变种genetic bio-diversity variation 变异engineering 遗生物多样性传工程metamorphosi动物学zoology 动物无脊椎动物ruminant 反刍学vertebrate 脊动物Darwinism 达椎动物parasitic尔文学说aquatic life animal 寄生动natural 水生动物物selection 自然reptile 爬行动primate 灵长选择物动物phylum 门amphibian / plankton 浮游class 纲order amphibious 生物目animal 两栖动mollusk 软体suborder 亚目物动物family 科protozoa 原生coelenterate genus 属动物腔肠动物species种rodent 啮齿动（如水母、海invertebrate 物蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore 食草动物mammal 哺乳动物homotherm 恒温动物cold-blooded animal 冷血动物poikilotherm 变温动物scavenger 食腐动物carnivorous 食肉的herbivorous 食草的omnivorous 杂食的bird 鸟类camouflage 伪装hibernate 冬眠；蛰伏卫生设施regeneration monogamous 再生一夫一妻的predatory / /一雌一雄的carnivore 食polygamous 肉的一夫多妻的predator 捕食/一雄多雌的者prey 捕食polyandrous hordes / 一妻多夫的swarms（昆虫/一雌多雄的等）群nomadic 游牧flock （牛、羊的；流浪的等）群trapper 诱捕community 动动物者物的群落或人niche 小生态的部落环境population 种vestige 退化器群fertilizer 使受herd 兽群精hygiene 卫生metabolism 新sanitation 陈代谢公共卫生；breed（名词）品种；（动词）system 消化系esophagus 食繁殖统excretory 管stomach 胃multiply / system 排泄系small intestine reproduce 繁统小肠large 殖reproductive intestine 大肠spawn ( 鱼、syste生殖系统anus 肛门虾、蛙等）孵circulatory digestive anatomy 解剖system 循环系gland 消化腺学统salivary gland appetite 食欲respiratory 唾液腺creature 生物system 呼吸系liver 肝scales鳞统gallbladder 胆feathers 羽毛hormonal pancreas 胰armor 甲system 内分泌spinal cord 系脊椎digestive ductdigestive 消化管水生动物jellyfish 水母coral 珊瑚shrimp 小虾nettle fish 海dolphin 海豚prawn 对虾蜇whale 鲸鱼lobster 龙虾crab 螃蟹sponge 海绵octopus 章鱼mussel 贻贝；starfish 海星sole 鳎；鳎目蚌类squid 鱿鱼；乌鱼clam 蛤蜊贼plaice 鲽，红oyster 牡蛎burro / 斑比目鱼哺乳动物squirrel 松鼠猩猩牛hippo 河马marten 貂baboon 狒狒sloth 树懒bat 蝙蝠hyena 鬣狗slothful 懒惰squeak（老鼠moose 驼鹿的等）吱吱beaver 海狸otter 水獭elk 麋鹿antelope 羚羊reindeer 驯鹿gorilla 大猩猩giraffe 长颈鹿chimpanzee 黑rhinoceros 犀两栖动物、爬行动物frog 青蛙scorpion 蝎子色龙tadpole 蝌蚪turtle 龟cay men / salamander 蝾lizard 蜥蜴crocodile 鳄鱼螈chameleon 变centipede 蜈蚣鸟类robin 知更鸟vulture 秃鹫装wing 翅膀owl 猫头鹰crane 鹤bill （鸟）嘴barnacle 北极stork 鹳beak（鹰等的）鹅ptarmigan 雷嘴penguin 企鹅鸟canary 金丝雀migrate 迁移chirp （鸟、虫plumage 羽体的叫声）camouflage 伪昆虫insect 昆虫worm 虫/蠕虫earthworm 蚯wasp 黄蜂cicada 蝉蚓hornet 大黄蜂mantis 螳螂antenna / spider 蜘蛛cockroach tentacle 触须pest 害虫蟑螂larva 幼虫生态学ecology 生态balance of flora 植物群学nature 自然界rain forest 雨ecosystem 生生态平衡林态系统fauna 动物群food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨制air pollutionwastewater 污水greenhouse 温空气控制sewage室效应water purification 污infrared pollution 水污水净化radiation 红外染swage线辐noxious / toxic disposal 污水ozone layer / 有毒的处理ozonosphere fumes ( 有毒decibe（l 噪音）臭氧层的）废气分贝ultraviolet waste 废物radiation 紫外solid waste辐pollution 固体废物control 污染控sewage /能源和环境fossil fuel 矿物solar energy 保护能源燃料太阳能resource 资源process of nonrenewable energy source photo 不可再生的能源资源synthesis 光合energy tidal energy 潮作用conservation 汐能fuel-efficient 节能型的rush hour 高峰期zero emission 零辐射wildness 野生/天然preservation 保护atmosphere 大气carbon 碳dioxide 二氧化物burning of coal and oil 煤油燃烧global warming 全球变暖greenhouse level 海平面上升long-term climatic change 长期的气候变化environmentalrecyclingcenter 再循环利用中心litter/trashgarbage 垃圾pollutant 污染物desertification沙漠化deforest 滥伐森林drought干旱offshorespillage 近海岸溢出carbondioxide release二氧化碳排放industrialsewage工业污水recycling 再循环purify 净化deteriorate恶化acid rain酸雨sewagedisposal 污水处理environment effect 温室效water 应shortage 水源rise in sea 缺乏protection 环境保护废物处理emission（汽车尼诺现象ozone layer 臭废气的）排放氧层soot 烟尘waste disposal El Ni? o 厄尔天文学astronomy 天cosmology 宇sky atlas 天体文学宙图astronomical infinite 无限的celestialobservatory cosmic 宇宙的sphere 天球天文台cosmic dwarf / dwarfplanetarium radiation 宇宙star 矮星天文馆辐射quasar 类星体astrophysics cosmic rays 宇constellation 天文物理学宙射线星座astrology 占星celestial 天体galaxy / Milky 学的Way 银河系pseudoscience celestial body star cluster 星伪科学/ heavenly 团cosmos / body 天体asterism 星群universe 宇宙celestial map / solar system太阳系Uranus 天王飞船solar corona 星space shuttle 日冕Neptune 海王航天飞机solar eclipse 星space日食Pluto 冥王星telescope 空间solar orbit 轨道望远镜radiation 太阳spin 旋转astronaut /辐射satellite 卫星spaceman 宇planet 行星lunar 月球的航员planetoid / meteor 流星space suit 宇asteroid 小行meteor 航服星shower 流星雨stellar 恒星的revolve 旋转star 恒星intergalactic twinkle 闪烁meteoroid 流星系间的naked eye 肉星体interstellar 恒眼meteorite 陨石星间的Mercury 水星comet 彗星interplanetary Venus 金星space / outer 行星间的Earth 地球space 太空，asteroid 小行Mars 火星外层空间星nebula 星云Jupiter 木星spacecraft / space debris Saturn 土星spaceship 宇宙太空垃圾ammonia 氨日珥（发生幻影体photosphere 在色球层）faint 微弱的光球；光球层convection image 影像chromosphere zone 对流层gravitational s 色球；色球层vacuum 真空force 吸引力chromosphere infrared ray molten 融化的s-corona 红外线leap year 闰年transition absolute rotation 自传zone 色球- 日magnitude 绝revolution 公冕过渡层对量级转sunglow 日冕emission 发射/ black hole 黑sunspot 太阳散发洞黑子（发生在high-resolutio ultraviolet ray 光球层）n 高清晰度紫外线flare 耀斑（发interferomete luminosity生在色球层）r 干扰仪，干光度solar 涉仪light year 光prominence illusive object 年气象学meteorology meteorologist meteorologica 气象气象学家l station 气象站forecast / moisture 潮湿，水气torrential rain大雨predict 预报spell 某种天气tempest climate 气候持续一段时(storm) / atmosphere 大vapor 蒸汽torrential rain 气层evaporate 蒸暴风雨troposphere 发drizzle 细雨对流层damp / moist / shower 阵雨stratosphere humid 潮湿hail 冰雹平流层humidity 湿度blizzard /mesosphere中moisture 潮湿snowstorm 暴间层saturate 饱和风雪ionosphere 电dew 露avalanche / 离层frost 霜fog / snow slide雪exosphere mist 雾smog 崩逸散层烟precipitation cold front 冷droplet 小水（雨、露、雪锋condense浓缩等）降水warm air crystal 水晶体thunder 雷mass 热气团shee（t 水、冰、breeze 微风current (气)雪的）一层sandstorm 沙流downpour / 暴monsoon 季风tidal wave 潮流gale 大风汐；浪潮wind velocity whirlwind 旋upper 风速风typhoon atmosphere 上wind direction层大气funnel 风向台hurricane 飓漏斗云long-range风disaster / forecast 长期tornado / calamity / 预报twister / catastrophe 灾numerical cyclone 龙卷难weather风devastation 破prediction wind scale 风坏数值天气预级submerge 淹报tsunami / 没drought 旱nephanalysis seismic sea 灾云层分析；wave 海啸convection 对卫星云图地理学hemisphere parallel 平行/ 经度半球圈elevation meridian 子latitude 纬线海拔午线/ 经线longitude 经线altitude 高度/ 海拔aurora 极光lowland 低地basin 盆地horizon 地平tropics of线Cancer 北回oasis绿洲equator 赤道归线enclave 飞地temperature tropics of peak 山峰latitudes 温带Capricorn 南cordillera /地区回归线ranges 山脉tropics 热带地international carven / cave 区date line 国际洞穴Arctic / the 日期变更线terrain 地域North Pole time subterranean 北极difference 地底下Antarctic / 时差coastland 沿海Antarctic a 南time zone 时地区极the 区coastline 海岸Antarctic topography 线Continent 南地形/ 地watershed极洲形学分水岭the Antarctic plain 平原upper reaches Circle 南极圈plateau / 上游the Arctic highland 高lower reaches Circle 北极圈地下游tributary volcanic continental 支流island 火山岛shelf 大陆架deposit 沉积coral island canyon / spring / 珊瑚岛gorge 峡谷fountain 泉水islet 小岛channel /iceberg 冰山peninsular 半strait 海峡riverbed 河床岛remote-sensingulf / bay archipelago g 遥感的海湾群岛terrestrialwaterfall delta 三角洲地球的/ 瀑布landlocked 陆地的cascade 小瀑area 内陆terrestrial 布；喷流inland heat /reef 暗礁tide waterway 内陆geothermal 湖水河地热torrent 水的急subcontinent terrestrial流次大陆magnetism 地tropical rain cliff 山崖磁forest 热带雨valley 山谷continental林hillside / drift 大陆漂continental mountain 移学说island 大陆岛slope 山坡sea-floorspreading the primeval Pyrenees 比利海床扩展forest 原始森牛斯山脉evaporation 林Carpathians 蒸发Scandinavia 喀尔巴阡山脉salinity 含盐度斯堪的纳维Vesuvius 维苏ocean bottom 亚（半岛）（瑞威火山海床典、挪威、丹Pompeii 庞贝sediment 沉积麦、冰岛的泛precipice 悬崖物称）eon 世；纪；tropical 热带fjord 峡湾代的coral reef 珊瑚glacier 冰河temperate 礁Pangaea 盘古温带的Chalk 白垩纪大陆frigid 寒带的cataclysm dune 沙丘frost heaving 大洪水Lagoon 咸水冻胀现象ridge 山脊；湖tundra 苔原，分水岭冻原abyss 深渊fieldstone 卵石territory 版Mediterranea 图；领土；地n Sea 地中海域地质学crust 地n ore 矿石壳mantle 地幔分解deposit 矿床core 地核erosion 腐蚀rubble 碎石continental fossil 化石debris 残骸crust 大陆地igneous rock platinum 白金壳火成岩/铂金silver 银oceanic crust sedimentary copper 黄铜海洋地壳rock 沉积岩aluminum 铝layer / metamorphic tin 锡lead 铅stratum 地层rock 变质岩zinc 锌stratigraphy limestone 石nickel 镍地层学灰岩mercury 汞/ fault 断层granite 花岗岩水银fault plane 断marble 大理石sodium 钠gem层面lithosphere 岩宝石fault zone 断层石圈diamond 钻石带magma / emerald 绿宝rift / crack / molten lava 岩石split 断裂浆ruby 红宝石disintegration quartz 石英glacier 冰川/decompositio mineral 矿物glacial 冰川的glacial epoch / 锥状火山地震age / period 冰（陡峭）seismic地震的川期eruption 火山seismology glacial drift 冰喷发地震学渍crater 火山口magnitude moraines 冰碛caldera (开口震级iceberg 冰山较大）火山口seismic volcano 火山depression 洼intensity scale active volcano 地，凹陷处；震烈度活火山盆地seismic waveextinct lava 火山岩浆地震波volcano 死火volcanic dust transverse山火山尘wave 横波dormant volcanic ash longitudinal volcano 休眠火山灰wave 纵波火山geyser 间歇喷epicenter 震中(sloping) 泉epicentral shield volcano hot spring distance 震中盾状火山温泉距（平缓）earthquake / aftershock 余(steep-sided) quake / 震cone volcano tremor / seism cataclysm 灾变tsunami / tidal swamp 沼泽peat bog 泥炭crumpleszones 地质缓/ force 海啸沼泽冲地带undersea Great Canyon bedrock 岩床landslide 海底大峡谷bulge 凸起物山崩Nile River 尼melt global 罗河warming 全球Colorado逐渐变暖river 科罗拉aquifer 蓄水层多河考古学archaeology 学家ancestor 祖先考古学ecological hominid 人paleontology anthropologist （科）古生物学生态人类学家homogeneousanthropology psychological 同以种族（种人类学anthropologist 类）的archaeologist 心理人类学tribe 部落clan 人类学家家氏族pale-anthropo originate 起源excavation 挖logist 古人类于掘excavate / unearth 挖掘ruins 遗迹/ 废墟remains 遗产/ 遗骸artifact 手工艺品relic 遗物/ 文物antique 古物/ 古董antiquity 古代/古老Stone Age 石建筑学architecture 建筑学architect 建筑学家construct 结构青铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的morphology 形态学skull 颅骨cranial 颅骨的wing 辐楼/侧楼design设计elevator电梯skyscraper 摩天大楼civilization 古代文明caveman 山顶洞人cultural relics文物rockpainting 岩画designelement 设计元素log structure 原木结构器时代fossil 化石Bronze Age ancientcabin 小木屋天文馆神像beam 梁aquarium 水the triumphal prototype 原型族馆arch 凯旋门building archives 档案sphinx 狮身人technique 建筑馆office 面像工艺building 写字pyramid 金字new material 楼塔新材料cathedral 大教castle 城堡metal-frame 堂金属结构mosque 清真repair person 寺修理工the statue ofplanetarium liberty 自由女政治、经济学类subsistence 存的生活水平据；账单活，生活kinship 亲属bank loan 银subsistence 关系，血缘关行贷款wage 刚够养系interest 利息家糊口的工资commodity 商withdraw 从subsistence 品银行账户中提level 收支平衡check 支票；收款人物artist 艺术家 choreographe r 舞蹈编排家honor (cheque/bill/d raft) 承兑 a runon a bank 挤兑 the Great Depression 大萧条 consumerism 消费主义（认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法）； 保护消费者权益主义 affluence 富 裕，富足 sophisticated 世故的，老练 的；复杂的，尖端的教育学highereducation 高 等教育moralcharacter 道 德品质domain 领域 faculty 全体教treasurer 生活委员/财务大 臣 elective system 选课制 度curriculum 课程（总称）discipline 学科 /管理learn by rote 死记硬背encyclopedias 百科全书/ 专科全书员alumni 校友critic 批评家誉领袖的satirist 讽刺作disciple 学徒innocent 天真家apprentice 学的/无罪的inventor 发明徒lovelorn 相思家mechanic 机械病苦的biographer 自工emotional 情传作家minimalist 简绪的/情感的sculptor 雕塑单抽象派艺术sentimental家家感伤的/多feminist 女权avant-garde 愁善感的主义者前卫派cheerless 无精humanitarian territory 领域打采的/无生人道主义者genre 风格/ 命力的imagist 意象体裁patriarchal派诗人eccentric 古怪家长的/族philanthropist 的长的慈善家odd 怪诞的/奇rigid 僵化的proprietor 业数的spare 简朴的主mortal 犯人erratic 奇怪的clumsy 笨拙的precursor 先weird 怪异的/ zigzag 曲折的驱不可思议的contemporary figurehead 名romantic 浪漫当代的acclaimed 受欢迎的genuine 真正的emotive 感人的preeminent 杰authentic 逼真prodigious 巨出的的/原汁原味大的versatile （人）的classic 经典的多才多艺的/ symbolic 象征posthumous （物）多功能性的死后的的immortal 不朽household 的/神家庭的/家nostalgia 怀旧喻户晓的主义/思乡摄影photographer 景exposure 曝光摄影家background instantpanorama 全背景camera 拍立景照片high 得snap shot 快照definition 高camera lens相developing 清晰度机镜头冲洗close-up 特写tripod 三脚架enlarge 放大out of focus 调dark room foreground 前焦不准暗室wide angle lens 广角镜头long focus lens长镜头filter 滤色镜文学pose 散文model 人物原流派diary 日记型comparative autobiograph leading literature 比较y 传记character 主文学editorial 社论人公realism 现实narrative main plot 主主义prose 叙述性要情节surrealism descriptive prelude 序曲超现实主义prose 描写性prologue 序言futurism 未来essay 随笔epilogue 尾声主义poetry 诗歌literary modernism 现ballad 民谣criticism 文学代主义lullaby 催眠曲批评aestheticism fiction 小说literary 唯美主义allegory 寓言studies 文学研fairy tale 童话究legend 传说schools ofproverb 谚语literature 文学音乐musical pop music 流管instrument 乐行音乐oboe 双簧管器classical keyboard orchestra （管music 古典音instrument 弦）乐队乐键盘乐器shook rattle 摇Jazz 爵士乐percussion 震拨浪鼓symphony 交荡/打击乐器pound drum 响乐vocal music 击鼓rock and roll 声乐foot beat 跺脚摇滚乐concerto 协奏note 音符band music / 曲score 乐谱wind music sonata 奏鸣曲movement 乐管乐serenade 小夜章string 弦乐曲fanatical 狂热violin 小提琴solo 独奏/独唱的viola 中提琴duet 二重唱hillbilly music cello 大提琴conducting 指乡村音乐harp 竖琴挥folk music 民horn 号；喇叭podium 指挥间音乐clarinet 单簧台accompanime harmony 和声epilogue 尾声nt 伴奏rest 休止quality 音质time 节拍volume 音量lullaby 催眠曲chord 和弦prelude 序曲美术（绘画和雕塑）fine arts 美术画caricatureoil painting 油mural 漫画画painting / pigment 颜色，water color fresco 壁画色素水彩画engraving 版canvas 油画布tempera 蛋彩画brush 画笔画lithograph 石drawing sketch 速写/素板画board 画板描landscape perspective pastel 彩色蜡painting 风景透视画法笔画画original 原作poster 海报/招still life 静物copy 临本贴画画reproduction / charcoal portrait 肖像replica 复制品drawing 木炭画genuine 真的fake 假的gallery 美术馆autograph真迹panorama 全景画calligraphy 书法paste 裱糊impressionisti c style 印象派风格framing 装框sculpture 雕塑sculptor 雕塑家figurine 小雕像bust 半身雕塑像statue 塑像unique 唯一的/独特的animator 漫画家saxophonist 萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo 靛蓝purple 紫色。
托福听力分类词汇大全
part 1. 天文类1 astronomy 天文astronomy 天文学astronomical 天文的astronomical observatory 天文台astronomer 天文学家astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学cosmos(universe) 宇宙cosmology 宇宙学infinite 无限的cosmic 宇宙的cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线celestial 天的celestial body (heavenly body) 天体celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星quasar 类星体，类星射电源constellation 星座galaxy (Milky Way) 新河系cluster 星团solar system 太阳系solar corona 日冕solar eclipse 日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet 行星planetoid (asteroid) 小行星revolve 旋转，绕转twinkle 闪烁naked eye 肉眼Mercury 水星Venus 金星Earth 地球Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin 旋转satellite 卫星lunar 月球的meteor 流星meteor shower 流星雨meteoroid 流星体meteorite 陨石comet 彗星space (outer space) 太空，外层空间spacecraft (spaceship) 宇宙飞船spaceman ( astronaut) 宇航员，航天员space suit 宇航服，航天服space shuttle 航天飞机space telescope 空间望远镜astronaut 宇航员star 恒星stellar 恒星的intergalactic 星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary 行星间的asteroid 小行星nebula 星云space debris 太空垃圾ammonia 氨corona 日冕chromosphere 色球photosphere 色球层convection zone 对流层vacuum 真空infrared ray 红外线chondrite 球粒absolute magnitude 绝对量级radiation 辐射emission 发射，散发high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪2 geography 地理geography 地理geographer 地理学家hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线，经线parallel 平行圈，纬线latitude 经度longitude 精度elevation 海拔altitude 高度temperate latitudes 温带地区horizon 地平线equator 赤道tropics 热带地区Arctic 北极Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极expedition 探险time zone 时区topography 地形，地形学plain 平原plateau (highland) 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地cavern (cave) 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean ( underground) 地底下coastland 沿海地区island 岛屿continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛continent 大陆continental shelf 大陆架ranges 山脉valley 峡谷canyon 峡谷channel (strait) 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的，陆地的terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉淀物，沉积物tropical 热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的formation 形成frost heaving 冻胀现象fieldstone 卵石3 geology 地质学geologist 地质学家crust 地壳mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust 大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer (stratum,复数strata) 地层plate 板块fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift (crack; split) 断裂disintegration (decomposition) 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩quartz 石英limestone 石灰岩marble 大理石granite 花岗岩lithogenous 岩成的lithosphere 岩石圈magma 岩浆mineral 矿物ore 矿石deposit 矿床platinum 白金，铂silver 银copper 黄铜aluminum 铝tin 锡lead 铅zinc 锌nickel 镍mercury 汞，水银sodium 钠gem 宝石diamond 钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby 红宝石glacier 冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch ( age, period) 冰川期glacial drift 冰渍iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口lava 火山岩浆volcanic 火山的volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash 火山灰earthquake ( quake; tremor; seism) 地震seismic 地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic wave 地震波cataclysm 灾变4 anthropologist 人类学家paleoanthropologist 古人类学家ecological anthropologist 生态人类学家psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品relic 遗物，文物antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学skull 颅骨cranial 颅骨的5 ecology 生态学ecologist 生态学家ecosystem 生态系统balance (of nature) 自然界生态平衡fauna 动物群flora 植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse effect 温室效应infrared radiation 红外线辐射ozone layer (ozonosphere) 臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution 污染pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气污染water pollution 水污染noise pollution 噪音污染soil pollution 土壤污染pollution-free 无污染pollutant 污染物noxious (toxic) 有毒的fumes （有毒）废气waste 废物solid waste 固体垃圾sewage (wastewater) 污水sewage purification 污水净化sewage disposal 污水处理decibel （噪音）分贝6 meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水breeze 微风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风funnel 漏斗，漏斗云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾7 chemistry 化学chemical property 化学特性，化学性质chemical composition ( makeup ) 化学成分chemical agent 化学试剂chemical reaction 化学反应chemical change 化学变化chemical bond 化学键chemical apparatus 化学器械substance (matter; material) 物质element 元素periodic table 周期表hydrogen 氢oxygen 氧nitrogen 氮helium 氦carbon 碳calcium 钙silicon 硅sulfur 硫iodine 碘compound 化合物hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物derivative 衍生物alchemy 炼金术petroleum (oil) 石油petroleum products 石油产品crude oil 原油refine 提炼，精炼gasoline 汽油methane 甲烷solution 溶液dissolve 溶解solvent 溶剂solubility 可溶性cohesive 聚合力adhesive 粘合力atom 原子nucleus 原子核electron 电子neutron 中子proton 质子molecule 分子particle 粒子ion 离子particle accelerator 粒子加速器catalysis （复数catalyses）催化作用catalyst 催化剂artificial 人造的synthetic 合成的synthetic fiber 人造纤维polymer 聚合物polymerization 聚合作用plastic 塑料dye 染料cosmetics 化妆品8．physics物理physics 物理mechanics 力学thermodynamics 热力学acoustics 声学electromagnetism 电磁学optics 光学dynamics 动力学force 力velocity 速度acceleration 加速度equilibrium 平衡statics 静力学motion 运动inertia 惯性gravitation 引力relativity 相对gravity 地心引力vibration 震动medium (media) 媒质frequency 频率wavelength 波长pitch 音高intensity 强度echo 回声resonance 回声，洪亮sonar 声纳ultrasonics 超声学electricity 电static electricity 静电magnetism 磁性，磁力magnet 磁体electromagnet 电磁magnetic field 磁场electric current 电流direct current (DC) 直流电alternating current (AC) 交流电electric circuit 电路electric charge 电荷electric voltage 电压electric shock 触电electric appliance 电器conductor 导体insulator 绝缘体semiconductor 半导体battery (cell) 电池dry battery 干电池storage battery 蓄电池electronics 电子学electronic 电子的electronic component (part) 电子零件integrated circuit 集成电路chip 集成电器片，集成块electron tube 电子管vacuum tube 真空管transistor 晶体管amplification (名词)放大amplify （动词）放大amplifier 放大器，扬声器oscillation 震荡optical 光（学）的optical fiber 光学纤维lens 透镜，镜片convex 凸透镜concave 凹透镜microscope 显微镜telescope 望远镜magnifier 放大镜spectrum 光谱ultraviolet 紫外线X rays X射线Gamma rays γ射线infrared rays 红外线microwaves 微波dispersion 色散transparent 透明translucent 半透明opaque 不透明的9 mathematics mathematics 数学mathematician 数学家arithmetic 算术calculation 计算calculator 计算器abacus 算盘numeral 数字sum 和total (sum total) 总和，总数aggregate 总计fraction 分数，小数decimal 十进位，（十进）小数digit 数字，数位percentage 百分比addition 加法plus 加上subtraction 减法minus 减去multiplication 乘法multiplication table 乘法表multiply 乘以times乘以power 乘方square 平方division 除法divide 除以algebra 代数quantity 表示量的数（或符号）equation 方程式，等式formula 公式root 根geometry 几何geometric 几何的dimension 维parallel adj. 平行的n. 平行线quadrilateral 四边形square 正方形area 面积rectangle 长方形，矩形polygon 多边形cube 立方形volume 体积sphere 球形circle 圆形ellipse (oval) 椭圆形cone 圆锥形circumference 圆周diameter 直径radius 半径triangle 三角形angle 角degree (角) 度calculus 微积分differential calculus 微分学integral calculus 积分学function 函数probability 概率statistics 统计quantitative 量的，数量的qualitative 质的，质量的deduction (inference) 推论，演绎induction 归纳10 agriculture 农业agriculture (farming) 农业agricultural 农业的land (soil) 土壤；土地soil conservation 土壤保护soil erosion 泥土流失silt 粉砂，泥沙clay 黏土，湿土clod 土块agrarian 土地的，农业的pilot (experimental ) 试验性的harrow( rake) 耙，耙土ridge 田埂furrow 犁沟plot （patch）小块地ranch 农场，牧场plantation 种植园orchard 果园nursery 苗圃seedbed 苗床sickle 镰刀spade 铲，锹shovel (平头) 铲pick 稿tractor 拖拉机cultivate (till) 耕作sow(seed) 播种harvest 收割weed 除草irrigate 灌溉manure(fertilizer) 肥料spray 喷洒（农药）insecticide(pesticide)杀虫剂pest 害虫rust 锈病grain (cereal) 谷物，谷粒granary(grain store) 粮仓mill 碾，磨wheat 小麦corn 玉米rice 大米barley 大麦sorghum 高粱oats燕麦rye 黑麦millet 粟，小米vegetable 蔬菜horticulture 园艺学hydroponics 水栽法，营养液栽培法greenhouse(glasshouse, hotbed) 温室cabbage 洋白菜lettuce 生菜mustard 芥菜spinach 菠菜broccoli 花椰菜cucumber 黄瓜eggplant 茄子pepper 辣椒pumpkin 南瓜tomato 西红柿beet 甜菜carrot 胡萝卜radish 小红萝卜pea 豌豆soybean 大豆celery 芹菜garlic 大蒜leek 韭菜onion 洋葱头potato 土豆peanut 花生sesame 芝麻cotton 棉花husbandry (animal husbandry) 畜牧业pasture 牧场livestock 家畜fowl (poultry) 家禽cattle 牛，家畜buffalo 野牛dairy (dairy cattle) 奶牛dairy farm 乳牛场hay （作饲料用）干草haystack 干草堆fodder (feed) 饲料trough 饲料槽barn(shed) 牲口槽stable 厩，马厩cowshed 牛棚pigpen (hog pen, pigsty) 猪圈sheepfold (sheep pen) 羊栏roost (hen house) 鸡舍fish farm 养鱼场aquaculture 水产养殖11 animal 动物Darvinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择class 纲order 目family 科genus 属suborder 亚目species 种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic( life) 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian (amphibious animal) 两栖动物dinosaur 恐龙bird 鸟类extinction 灭绝mammal 哺乳动物primates 灵长目动物insect 昆虫antenna (复数antennae) 触须tentacle larva 幼虫，幼体camouflage 伪装pest 害虫worm 虫，蠕虫hibernate 冬眠lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色蜥蜴regeneration 再生turtle 龟beast 野兽domesticate 驯养predatory (carnivorous ) 食肉的predator 捕食者prey （动词）捕食（名词）被捕食的动物scavenger 食腐动物migrate 迁移wing 翅膀，翼bill （鸟）嘴beak （鹰等的）嘴nest 筑巢dolphin 海豚whale 鲸鱼bat 蝙蝠gorilla 大猩猩chimpanzee 黑猩猩habitat 栖息地rodent 啮齿动物（如松鼠）primate 灵长动物plankton 浮游生物mollusk 软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物（如珊瑚）shrimp 小虾prawn 对虾lobster 对虾crab 螃蟹clam 蛤蜊sponge 海绵coral 珊瑚starfish 海星canary 金丝雀chirp (鸟，虫的叫声)唧唧squeak （老鼠等）吱吱porpoise 海豚sloth 树懒slothful 懒惰的hygiene 卫生sanitation 卫生parasite 寄生虫moth 蛾caterpillar 毛虫hordes (昆虫等)群swarms (昆虫等)群flock （鸟，羊等）群community 动物的群落或人的部落herd 兽群bunch （花等）束，捧beaver 海狸monogamous 一夫一妻的，一雄一雌的polygamous一夫多妻的，一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的，一雌多雄的trapper 诱捕动物者rhinoceros 犀牛niche 小生态环境vestige 退化器官，遗迹fertilizer 使…受精larvae 幼虫tentacle 触角homotherm 恒温动物poikilotherm 变温动物metabolism 新陈代谢baboon 狒狒breed (名词)品种，（动词）繁殖multiply （reproduce）繁殖hatch 孵spawn (鱼、虾、蛙等)孵offspring (young) 解剖学anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物microbe 微生物herbivorous 食草的carnivorous 食肉的omnivorous 杂事的12 plant 植物botany 植物学botanist 植物学家botanical (botanic) 植物的plant 植物aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy 树冠层，顶棚foliage (leaf) 叶leaflet 小叶rosette (叶的)丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk 叶柄shoot (sprout ) 嫩芽，抽枝flower 花bud 花蕾petal 花瓣peel(skin) 果皮shell (硬) 果壳husk （干）果壳；（玉米）苞叶trunk树干branch 树枝bough 大或者粗的树枝twig 小树枝bark 树皮jungle 丛林meadow 草地，牧场prairie 大草原shrub (bush) 灌木cluster 一簇（灌木）fern 蕨类植物herb 草photosynthesis 光合作用symbiosis 共生wither (shrivel, fade) 凋谢pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉pollination 授粉cell 细胞tissue 组织organ 器官system 系统seeds 种子everlasting 永久的orchid 兰花pollinate 授粉crossbreed 杂交shrub 灌木sequoia 红杉root pressure 根压cohesion-tension 凝聚压力bore 腔，肠column 花柱symbiotic 共生的immunity 免疫organism 生物，有机物necrosis 坏死barren 贫瘠futile 无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉），糖类glucose 葡萄糖starch 淀粉fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命calorie 卡路里（热量单位）malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养13 politics 政治constitution 宪法legislation 立法Democrats 民主党Republicans 共和党Amendment 修正案Congress 美国国会Senate 参议院House of Representatives 众议院monarchy 君主制anarchism 无政府主义federal system 联邦制presidential system 总统制municipal 市的，市政的metropolitan 大都市的centralized 中央集权的ideology 意识形态maneuver 擦略tariff 关税immigrant 移民institutionalize 机构化election 选举vote 投票officeholding 任职veto 否决American Revolution 美国革命/独立战争Independence War 美国独立战争American Civil War 美国内战radical 激进的,根本的overturning 颠覆性的independent 独立的breathtaking 激动人心的military 军事的colonize 拓殖，殖民per capita 人均treason 叛国conspiracy 阴谋imprisonment 监禁release 释放pardon 特赦accusation 谴责，指控welfare 福利patronage 资助，赞助unionization 联合，结合14 education 教育educator 教育家higher education 高等教育moral character 道德品质domain 领域faculty 全体教员alumni 校友treasurer 生活委员，财务大臣elective system 选课制度curriculum 课程（总称）discipline 学科，管理learn by rote死记硬背15 music音乐musical instrument 乐器orchestra 乐队string 弦乐wind 管乐shook rattle 摇拨浪鼓pound drum 击鼓footbeat 点脚，跺脚percussion 震荡，打击乐器note 音符score 乐谱movement 乐章fanatical 狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music 民间音乐pop music 流行音乐classical music 古典音乐Jazz 爵士乐16 psychology 心理mental 心理的physical 身体的，物质的，物理的spiritual 心灵的conformity 从众majority 多数人minority 少数人threshold judgment （心理学）初始性判断subject 受实验对象17 people 人物artist 艺术家choreographer 舞蹈编排家critic 批评家satirist 讽刺作家inventor 发明家biographer 自传作家sculptor 雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian 人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor 业主mortal 犯人precursor 先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice 学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist 简单抽象派艺术avant-garde 前卫派territory 领域genre 风格，体裁eccentric 古怪的odd 怪诞的，奇数的erratic 奇怪的weird 怪异的，不可思议的unique 独一无二的romantic 浪漫的innocent 天真的，无罪的lovelorn 相思病苦的emotional 情绪的，情感的sentimental 感伤的，多愁善感的cheerless 无精打采的，无生命力的patriarchal 家长的，族长的rigid 僵化的spare 简朴的clumsy 笨拙的nervous 紧张的zigzag 曲折的contemporary 当代的acclaimed 受欢迎的preeminent 杰出的outstanding 杰出的versatile (人)多才多艺的，（物体）多功能的household 家庭的，家喻户晓的genuine 真正的authentic 逼真的symbolic 象征性的immortal 不朽的，神nostalgia 怀旧主义，思乡emotive 感人的prodigious 巨大的classic 经典的posthumous 死后的。
托福听力常见文学类词汇一览
托福听力常见文学类词汇一览托福听力必备高频话题词汇整理常见文学类词汇一览托福听力高频话题文学类常见词汇汇总literary studies 文学研究literary criticism 文学评论narrative 叙述narrator 叙述者，人称school of literature 文学派别Realism 现实主义Romanticism 浪漫主义surrealism 超现实主义stream of consciousness 意识流William Shakespeare 威廉. 莎士比亚莎翁四大悲剧：Hamlet 汉姆雷/Macbeth 麦克白/King Lear 李尔王/Othello 奥赛罗Mid-summer Night Dream 仲夏夜之梦O'henry 欧亨利Mark Twin 马克吐温Tolstoy 托尔斯泰content 目录summary 总结annotation 注释reference 参考文献authorship 著作权copyright 版权fairy tale 童话故事folk tale 民间故事legend 传说literature 文学poetry 诗歌poem 诗poet 诗人heroic poem 英雄主义诗歌sonnet 十四行诗biography传记autobiography 自传drama 戏剧prose 散文novel 小说novelist 小说家allegory 寓言comparative literature 比较文学editorial 社论editor 编辑fiction 小说non-fiction 非小说类abstract 摘要preface 序言prologue 前言main body 主体plot 情节托福听力练习对照文本Good evening. My name is Pam Jones, and on behalf of the Modern Dance club, I'd like to welcome you to tonight's program.晚上好，我的名字叫Pam Jones，代表现代舞俱乐部，我想欢迎大家来到今晚的节目。
托福听力常见学科词汇分类总结
托福听力常见学科词汇分类总结托福听力会考到不同的类型话题，属于我们要积累多种话题词汇，为了帮助大家备考，下面小编给大家带来托福听力常见词汇分类总结，望喜欢！托福听力词汇总结：天文学astronomy 天文学astronomical 天文的astronomical observatory 天文台 astronomer 天文学家 astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学cosmos(universe) 宇宙cosmology 宇宙学 infinite 无限的 cosmic 宇宙的 cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线celestial 天的celestial body (heavenly body) 天体celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星quasar 类星体，类星射电源constellation 星座galaxy (Milky Way) 新河系cluster 星团solar system 太阳系 solar corona 日冕 solar eclipse 日食 solar radiation 太阳辐射 planet 行星 planetoid (asteroid) 小行星 revolve 旋转，绕转 twinkle 闪烁 naked eye 肉眼 Mercury 水星 Venus 金星 Earth 地球 Mars 火星 Jupiter 木星 Saturn 土星 Uranus 天王星 Neptune 海王星 Pluto 冥王星 orbit 轨道 spin 旋转 satellite 卫星 lunar 月球的meteor 流星meteor shower流星雨meteoroid 流星体meteorite 陨石comet 彗星space (outer space) 太空，外层空间spacecraft (spaceship) 宇宙飞船 spaceman ( astronaut) 宇航员，航天员 space suit 宇航服，航天服 space shuttle 航天飞机 space telescope空间望远镜 astronaut 宇航员 star 恒星 stellar 恒星的 intergalactic 星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary 行星间的asteroid 小行星nebula 星云space debris 太空垃圾ammonia 氨corona 日冕chromosphere 色球 photosphere 色球层 convection zone 对流层vacuum 真空infrared ray 红外线chondrite 球粒absolute magnitude 绝对量级radiation 辐射emission 发射，散发high-resolution 高清晰度 interferometer 干扰仪托福听力词汇总结：地质学地理学stratum地层，inner core 内核，outer core 外核，plate 板块，volcanic 火山岩，limestone石灰石，quartzite石英岩，granite花岗岩，sedimentary rock沉积岩，continent 大陆，continental shelf大陆架, the Northern Hemisphere北半球, Longitude经度, Latitude纬度, Meridian 子午线，the North Pole北极，the South Pole南极，the Antarctic Continent南极洲，hillside 山坡，mountain slope山坡，desert沙漠，cliff山崖，Grand Canyon大峡谷，valley山谷，basin盆地，peninsula半岛，coral island珊瑚岛，coastline海岸线，delta三角洲，upper reaches上游, lower reaches 下游, tributary 支流, deposit沉积, swamp沼泽spring泉，fountain喷泉，geyser间歇泉，withdraw 后退，versatile 多才多艺的，geology 地理，geography 地质学，calculus 计算，结石，original 最初的，新颖的，account for 导致，earth plate 地球板块，crust 地壳，Great lakes 北美五大湖(Superior 苏比尔湖, Huron 休伦湖, Michigan 密西根湖, Erie 伊利湖, Ontario 安大略湖)，Lake Baikal 贝加尔湖，Caspian Sea里海，Aral Sea咸海，combine/ split 联合/分裂，Mediterranean 地中海的，glacier 冰川，iceberg 冰山，Meteorology气象学，observation观测，hurricane 飓风，typhoon 台风，convection 对流，troposphere 对流层，stratigraphy 地层学, continental crust 大陆地壳, continental drift theory大陆漂移学说, core 地核, mantle 地幔，vegetation植被，tropical rain forest 热带雨林，volcano火山，volcano eruption火山爆发，dormant volcano休眠火山，earth quake地震，magnitude地震震级，seismic wave地震波，seismology地震学托福听力词汇总结：考古学psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家origin 起源originate 起源于 ancestor 祖先 hominid 人(科) homogeneous 同一种族(种类)的 tribe 部落 clan 氏族 archeologist 考古学家 excavation挖掘 excavate (unearth) 挖掘 ruins 遗迹废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品relic 遗物，文物antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age (青)铜器时代 Iron Age 铁器时代 Paleolithic 旧石器时代的 Mesolithic 中石器时代的 Neolithic 新石器时代的 archaeology 考古学 anthropology 人类学 morphology 形态学 skull 颅骨 cranial 颅骨的(生态学) ecology 生态学 ecologist 生态学家 ecosystem 生态系统 balance (of nature) 自然界生态平衡 fauna 动物群 flora 植物群托福听力词汇总结：生态学rain forest 雨林 food chain 食物链 acid rain 酸雨 greenhouse effect 温室效应infrared radiation 红外线辐射ozone layer (ozonosphere) 臭氧层 ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射 pollution 污染pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气污染water pollution 水污染noise pollution 噪音污染 soil pollution 土壤污染 pollution-free 无污染pollutant 污染物noxious (toxic) 有毒的fumes (有毒)废气waste 废物 solid waste 固体垃圾 sewage (wastewater) 污水 sewage purification 污水净化 sewage disposal 污水处理 decibel 分贝。
托福听力词汇表及练习册
托福听力词汇表及练习册Emma Lin2014寒假托福听力常见词汇和一些常用表达一、长对话中1．orientation meeting/session [.ɔ:rien'teiʃən] 新生情况介绍会Ex: The University has arranged an orientation session.2．professor’s office hour 教授答疑时间Ex: Many freshmen are uncertain or shy about utilizin g a professor’s office hours.3．lecture ['lektʃə] n. 演讲，讲课Ex: Several hundred people are expected to attend the lecture.4．lecture hall/ auditorium [,ɔdɪ'tɔrɪəm] n. 讲堂，讲演厅，报告厅Ex: The lecture hall was jammed when the professor arrived at the very last moment. 5．tutorial [tju:'tɔ:riəl] n. 个别指导Ex: Small group tutorials are used to discuss problems which come up in lectures.6. deadline ['dedlain] n. 最后期限，截止时间Ex: There's no way I can meet that deadline.7. overdue ['əuvə'dju:] adj. 过期的Ex: I must take these books back to the library - they're overdue.There is a fine if the reserved library books are even one hour overdue.8. schedule ['skedʒul] n. 时间表，计划v. 安排，计划，Ex: According to the schedule, the first lecture begins at 9.00 amThe test is scheduled to begin in one hour.9. time slot [slɔt] 时间空档Ex: If you have two final exams scheduled at the same time, you will have to move one exam to another time slot10．signature ['signitʃə] n. 签字，签名Ex: Each child must obtain the signature of his or her parents11．Thesis/paper ['θi:sis] n. 毕业论文Ex: a master's/doctoral thesis on the effects of global warming12．dissertation [.disə'teiʃən] n. 论文Ex: He wrote his dissertation on an obscure 16th-century poet.13．course [kɔ:s] n. 课程Ex: compulsory/required/mandatory course；elective course, optional course; foundation course，introductory course，intermediate level course，advanced course 13．elective [i'lektiv] n. 选修科目Ex: She took three electives last term.14. option/optional course ['ɔpʃən] n. 选修科目Ex: She is taking French as an option next year15．presentation [.prezen'teiʃən] n. (国外学生在课堂上所做的)演讲Ex: The speaker gave an interesting presentation on urban transport.16. field work 野外考察实地考察Ex：Offered by most departments for academic credit, field work enables students to examine the way the theories and the practical experiences of a particular discipline interact.17. attendance [ə'tendəns] n. 出勤，上课Ex: Attendance at lectures is compulsory.18．skip/miss classes 缺课，旷课Ex: He skipped chemistry class three times last month19. tuition fees 学费Ex: Many students will not have to pay tuition fees if their financial situation is below a certain level.20.course syllabus ['siləbəs] 课程大纲Ex: Course syllabus lists the course objectives, required reading assignments, examination dates, and other course requirements such as attendance21．Assignment [ə'sainmənt] n. 功课，任务=homework = coursework = schoolwork = studies Ex: I have a lot of reading assignments to complete before the end of term.22. handout ['hændaut] n. 讲义Ex: I e-mailed you about getting the handouts from the class I missed the other day.23. semester=term [si'mestə] n. 学期Ex: How many subjects are you studying this semesterquarter ['kwɔːtə] n. 小学期(四分之一年)24. practicum ['præktikəm] n. 实习科目，实习课Ex: A practicum is a college course, often in a specialized field of study, that is designed to give students supervised practical application of a previously or concurrently studied theory.25. placement service 就业办公室Ex: Placement service is a campus office that provides job listings from local or campus employees and assists students in finding full-time jobs after graduation is a/an26．take on a part-time job 找兼职工作Ex: He had taken a part-time job selling all-natural products.27．transfer [træns'fə:] v 转班，转学Ex: I was able to transfer my credits from summer school28．extension [iks'tenʃən] n. 延期Ex: Donald's been given an extension to finish his thesis29．examination [ig.zæmi'neiʃən] n. 考试Ex: The examination results will be announced in September.30．pop quiz 突击考试Ex: We have a history quiz every Monday.31．mid-term exam 期中考试Ex: Alison has a history midterm next week.32．final exam 期末考试Ex: The final exam for this class will be on May 21st.When is your chemistry/French/algebra final?33．teaching assistant 助教Ex: A teaching assistant (TA) is an individual who assists a professor or teacher with instructional responsibilities.34.instructor=lecturer [in'strʌktə] n. 教师，讲师Ex: He's a poetry instructor at a local community college.35．spring break 春季学期间的短假期Ex: In the United States, the timing of spring break in tertiary institutions may range from the beginning of March to the later part of April, but many schools are in recess for at least one of the weeks in March36．review [ri'vju:] vt. 温习，复习(go over)Ex :We'll spend this week reviewing for the final.37. tutor ['tju:tə] n. 家庭教师Ex: His tutor encouraged him to read widely in philosophy.38. tutoring 家庭辅导Ex: I have to do some tutoring to pay my tuition fees.Tutoring can be defined as people who are not professional teachers helping and supporting the learning of others in an interactive, purposeful and systematic way.39. internship ['intə:nʃip] n. 实习Ex: Jane has a summer internship at a local TV station.40. assistantship [ə'sistənt.ʃip] n. 研究生助教奖学金Ex: Graduate students have several sources of funding, but perhaps the most common is the assistantship41. gym/sports center/health center 健身中心Ex: I try and work out at the local gym once a week.42. lost and found 失物招领处Ex: A lost and found is an office in the university where students can go to retrieve lost articles that may have been found by other students.43. health insurance 医疗保险Ex: A health insurance policy is a contract between an insurance company and an individual 44. student I.D. number 学号Ex: Students have an I.D number, with which they login onto the school's website and access assignments.45. snack bar 小吃店Ex: A snack bar is a place where you can buy snacks or small meals46. online course 网络课程Ex: Online courses enable us to extend the opportunity of studying with the University of Oxford to students anywhere in the world, in a way that fits with the busiest of lives.47. plagiarism ['pleidʒiərizəm] n. 剽窃Ex: The journal accused the professor of plagiarism.48. curriculum [kə'rikjuləm] n. 课程，全部课程Ex: Languages are an essential part of the school curriculum.49. audit ['ɔ:dit] 旁听Ex: As a senior citizen, he is allowed to audit university classes.50. multiple choice questions 多项选择题Ex: A multiple choice examination or question shows several possible answers, and you have to choose the correct one51. grade, score, mark 分数成绩Ex: Tim worked hard and got good grades.The school's test scores have not improvedHer marks have been a lot lower this term52. GPA 平均成绩点数(=grade point average)Ex: A cumulative grade point average is calculated as an indicator of overall academic performance in a program and is used as a criterion for graduation requirements53. with honors/with flying colors ['ɔnəz] n. 优异成绩Ex: If you complete a school or university qualification with honours, you achieve a high standard. She graduated with (top/high) honors.54. the stacks [stæks] 书架Ex: I couldn't find the book in the stacks.55. commencement n. [kə'mensmənt] 毕业典礼(=graduation ceremony)Ex: During commencement degrees or diplomas are given to students who have graduated froma school or college56. transcript ['trænskript] /report card/grade report 成绩单Ex: In most places, the report card is issued by the school to the student or the student's parents twice or four times yearly.57. abstract ['æbstrækt] n. 摘要Ex: There is a section at the end of the magazine which includes abstracts of recent articles/books.58. summary ['sʌməri] n. 概述Ex: At the end of the news, they often give you a summary of the main news stories.59. Literature Review ['litərətʃə] 文献综述Ex: The ultimate goal of literature review is to bring the reader up to date with current literature on a topic60．references/bibliography [.bibli'ɔgrəfi] n. 参考书目Ex: Bibliography usually appears at the end of the thesis.61．term paper n. 学期论文Ex: Bill has written only one-third of his term paper that is due tomorrow62．graduate school application 研究生申请Ex: My professor offered me some advice concerning the wording of my graduate school application63．diploma [di'pləumə] n. 文凭Ex: Anyone with a high school diploma can enroll in the course.I’d like to drop off my graduation form. I understand you need this in order to process my diploma. 64．recall [ri'kɔ:l] v. 召回Ex: If the book is recalled by other students then you have to return it within 7 working days. 65．certificate [sə'tifikit] n. 证书Ex: high school/college diploma66．scholarship ['skɔləʃip] n. 奖学金Ex: She got/received/won a scholarship to Yale University67．fellowship ['feləuʃip] n. 研究生奖学金Ex: She's applied for a research fellowship.68．grant [grɑ:nt] n. 资助Ex: They gave/awarded her a grant to study abroad for one year.69．registration [.redʒi'streiʃən] n. 注册Ex: Registration for the course will take place a week before the start of term.70．sign up for 选课Ex: She's signed up for evening classes at the community college.71．major ['meidʒə] n. 主修专业Ex: He chose history as his major and French as his minor72．minor ['mainə] n. 副修专业Ex: She majored in chemistry with a minor in biology73．academic advisor 学习顾问Ex: Academic advisors provide students with accurate information about academic progression and degree requirements.74．approval [ə'pru:vəl] n. 允许许可Ex: I need to get the professor’s signature on my schedule card here, on the line above advisor’s approval.75．quit/drop classes/courses 放弃退课Ex: I have to drop my chemistry course last semester when I went into the hospital, so I need to take it again,76．credit ['kredit] n. 学分Ex: He's already got a credit/three credits in earth science77．registrar ['redʒi.strɑ:] n . （学校）注册主任Ex: at some colleges, an official in charge of examinations, keeping records and admitting new students78．enroll [in'rəul] v. 登记Ex: I enrolled for/in/on the modern art course.79．library ['laibrəri] n. 图书馆Ex: The library loans books, CDs and videotapes.80．student ID card 学生证Ex: You have to show your student ID card in order to go to the university gym.81．library card 借书证Ex: I’ve lost my library card and I can’t borrow any books until I get a new one.82．fiction ['fikʃən] n. 小说Ex: The book is a work of fiction and not intended as a historical account.83．non-fiction 非小说Ex: Non-fictions include dictionaries and reference books.84．encyclopedia [en.saikləu'pi:diə] n. 百科全书Ex: Does anyone know when Mozart was born?" "Look it up in the encyclopedia." 85．periodical [.piəri'ɔdikəl] n. 期刊Ex: She has written for several legal periodicals.86．magazine [.mægə'zi:n] n. 杂志Ex: She's the editor of a popular women's magazine.87．current issue 现刊Ex: Current issues are put on the shelves in the periodical section.88．back issue 过刊Ex: Back issues of newspapers are put in the basement of the library.89．journal ['dʒə:nl] n. 学术杂志Ex: The library subscribes to all the major science journals.90．newspaper ['nju:z.peipə] n. 报纸Ex: Which newspaper do you read regularly?a daily / Sunday newspaper91．atlas ['ætləs] n. 地图册Ex: an atlas of the world92．almanac ['ɔ:lmənæk] n. 年鉴Ex: a book published every year that contains facts and information such as important days, times of the sun rising and going down or changes in the moon93．video 录像带Ex: We're going to rent a couple of videos to watch this weekend94．VCR 录像机= Video Cassette RecorderEx: a machine you use to record television programmes or play videotapes95．declare a major 选专业You must declare a major by the end of your sophomore year96．computer access 电脑的可使用性Ex: Computer access is provided in all sections of the library97．internet service 互联网服务98．online database 在线数据库Ex: We're linked to the on-line database at our head office.99．project ['prɒdʒekt] 功课任务Ex: In our third year at college everyone had to do a special project.I am having problem with my group project100．cram [kræm] v.仓促备考Ex: She's cramming for her history exam.101．photocopier ['fəutə.kɔpiə] n. 复印机Ex: I have a photocopier in my office that automatically sorts sheets of paper into different bins. 102．photocopy 复印Ex: I'll just make a photocopy of the agreement.Could you photocopy those three pages for me, please?103．printer 打印机Ex :The future of high-quality printing in businesses belongs to laser printers. 104．interlibrary service 图书馆馆际互借服务Ex: Interlibrary services are services provided mutually by libraries with the aim of making library documents, irrespective of the place where they are deposited, available to all their users. 105．closed reserve 非外借书库Ex: If a print resource will be in high demand they can request that item placed in the Closed Reserve.106．put …on reserve 把资料放在非外借书库Ex: The librarian has put the book on reserve for me107．multimedia 多媒体Ex: We bought a multimedia encyclopedia108．online catalogue ['kætəlɔ:g] n. 在线书目Ex: There is a new catalogue of all the books in the library.109．keyword 关键字Ex: You can type in the keyword to locate the book you are looking for.110．call number 索书号Ex: A call number is a group of numbers and/or letters put together to tell you where in the library to find your book.111．check out 办理外借手续Ex: Residents now have to pay $50 a year to check out books from the state university library 112．circulation desk [.sə:kju'leiʃən] 借书台Ex: When visiting the library in person, you can bring the material you want to check out to one of two circulation desks on the main level of the library.113．loan period/borrowing period [ləun] 借书期限Ex: The loan period for circulating materials varies according to the status of the borrower. 114.renew [ri'nju:] v. 续借Ex: He renewed the book for another two months115．fine [fain] n. 罚款，罚金Ex: I got a fine for not returning library books on time.116．bachelor's degree 学士学位Ex: He graduated from North Dakota State University in 1993 with a bachelor's degree in civil engineering.117．general education 通识教育Ex: All courses in the General Education program strive to stimulate critical or analytic thinking 118．discipline ['disiplin] n. 学科Ex: History and economics only became separate academic disciplines in the 20th century. 119．vacation [vei'keiʃən] n. 假期，休假Ex: We're taking a vacation in June.120．prerequisite ['pri:'rekwizit] n. 先决条件Ex: Passing a written exam is a prerequisite for taking the advanced course.121．quarter ['kwɔ:tə] 四分之一学年Ex: A quarter is one of four periods into which the school year is divided122．counselor ['kaunsələ] n. 顾问123．department chair 部门主管Ex: He was elected department chair of the physics department.124．dean [di:n] n. 系主任，学院院长Ex: She is the new dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences.the Dean of Medicine125．faculty ['fækəlti] n.全体教员；（大学的）系，科，院Ex:the Arts/Law Facultythe Faculty of Science126．drop out 退学Ex: He dropped out of college when he was 20.127．make-up test 补考Ex: I have to take a make-up test because I got the flu on the test day128．expel [iks'pel] v 开除Ex: Two girls were expelled from school for taking drugs.129．student union 学生会Ex: In colleges and universities, the student union is often accorded its own building on the campus, dedicated to social and organizational activities of the student body.130．degree [di'gri:] n. 学位Ex: She's got a bachelor's/master's degree in history from Yale.131．freshman ['freʃmən] n. 大学一年级学生Ex: He's a freshman at Harvard.132．sophomore ['sɔfəmɔ:] n. 大学二年级学生Ex: A sophomore is a student studying in the second year of a course at a US college 133．junior ['dʒu:njə] n. 大学三年级学生Ex: a junior at NYU134．senior ['si:njə] n. 大学四年级学生Ex: Jen will be a senior this year.135．dormitory ['dɔ:mitri] n. 集体宿舍Ex: He soon gets accustom to dormitory life and make two or three friend136．roommate ['ru:mmeit] n. 室友Ex: Jean was my roommate during our first year at university.137．off campus 在校园外的Ex: The Off Campus Housing office provides information to members of the Johns Hopkins community looking for a place to live near the university.138. title ['taitl] n. 标题，头衔，称号Ex: I've read one of her books, but I can't remember the title.139. skim [skim] vt. 略读Ex: It took me an hour to skim the book140. graph [grɑ:f] n. 图表，示意图Ex: This graph shows how crime has varied in relationship to unemployment over the last 20 years.141. chart [tʃɑ:t] n. 图表Ex: He illustrated his theory by using charts and graphs.142. draft [dræft] n. 草稿Ex: She asked me to check the (first) draft of her proposal.143. register ['redʒistə] v. 记录，登记，注册Did you registers already for classes next semester?144. seminar ['seminɑ:]n. 研究会,讨论发表会Ex: Professor White's seminar was cancelled.145. master’s degree n. 硕士学位Ex: Master’s degree is an academic degree higher than a bachelor's but lower than a doctor's 146. bulletin board ['bulitin] 告示牌Ex: The classroom assignment sheet is posted on the bulletin board.147. cancel ['kænsəl] v. 取消Ex: The class has been cancelled because not enough students signed up for it.148. administration office/building 行政办公室/楼Ex: He was looking for the administration building to drop off his graduation form.149. overwhelmed [.əuvə'welmd] v. 由于工作、功课量大而忙不过来Ex: I am a little overwhelmed by the size of this university.150.swamped [swa:mpt] v. 由于工作、功课量大而忙不过来Ex: I'm swamped with work at the moment.151. feedback ['fi:dbæk] n. 反馈，成果Ex: Every Friday, Mr. James would hand out the students' essays and give them some feedback. 152. audition [ɔ:'diʃən] n. 试听；试演Ex: His audition went well and he's fairly hopeful about getting the part.153. career fair 招聘会Ex: He went to the career services office to confirm the date and time of the career fair.154. linguistics [liŋ'gwistiks] n. 语言学Ex: Linguistics is the systematic study of the structure and development of language in general or of particular languages155. accounting [ə'kauntiŋ] n. 会计;会计学Ex: In order to deal with the problems of budgeting for this it is necessary to know something of company financial and cost accounting.156. pointer ['pɔintə] n. 暗示,线索,点子Ex: I want some pointers where to go for information on this subject.157. textbook ['tekstbuk] n. 课本，教科书Ex: I can't get hold of any of the college textbooks he recommended.Most economics textbooks skip over the subject of investing and financial markets.158. apply for 申请Ex: We've applied to a charitable organization for a grant for the project.159. résumé [ˈrɛzəˌmeɪ] n. 简历，履历Ex: She sent her résumé to fifty companies, but didn't even get an interview.160. stop by 偶然过访，靠近，访问(=come by)Ex: Can you stop by for a moment on your way home from your firm161. submit [səb'mit] v. 呈送，递交(=hand in/turn in)Ex: Please submit your application form before the deadline.162. outline ['əutlain] n. 大纲Ex: In this paper I will give a broad outline of the research we have been doing.163. blank out 忘记Ex: I blanked out during the exam.164. shelf [ʃelf] n. 书架Ex: I couldn’t find the book I wanted on the shelf.165. clarify ['klærifai] vt. 澄清，阐明，使... 明晰Ex: The teacher's explanation clarify the puzzling problem166．synthesis ['sinθisis] n. 综合Ex: The teacher asked me to write a synthesis of what I had observed and read.167. revise [ri'vaiz] v. 校订，修正，校正Ex: My professor asked to revise the first draft of the thesis.168. poster ['pəustə] n. 海报Ex: He put up a poster advertising the career fair.169. flyer ['flaiə] n. 传单Ex: Flyers are inexpensive to produce and are regarded as a very effective form of direct marketing170. come up 出现，发生Ex: Should he be watching TV now with the exams coming up next week171. pick up 取拿领Ex: When you're in town could you pick up the books I ordered?Have you picked up your ID card from the office yet？172. break 短暂的休息时间课间休息Ex. Would you like to take a break and get a soda?173. give away vi. 赠送，送出Ex. I gave away all my out-of-date science texts when I moved?174. accept v 录取Ex: Because Susan was accepted by the state university, her brother Ben applied there too. 175. overhead projector 投影仪Ex：I can run this overhead projector There’s really nothing to do it.176．out of print (书等)已绝版的，已售完的Ex：Her first novel is out of print now but you may find a second-hand copy.177. note [nəut] n. 笔记Ex: Mind if I borrow your economics notes for a while?178. language lab 语音室Ex：Shall I lock the language lab now before I go home179. appointment [ə'pɔintmənt] n. 预约Ex: I have an appointment to see Doctor Gram for a physical examination.180. commencement ceremony 毕业典礼181. coordinator 班主任，协调人182. wing/annex [ə'neks] 配楼183. colloquium [kə'ləʊkwɪəm]n.报告课184. workshop n. 专题课程185. Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）186. teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研187. questionnaire [,kwestʃə'neə] n.调查表, 问卷188. preliminary research 预备调查189. pop quiz 抽查式测验190. assessment [ə'sesmənt] n. 估价appraisal [ə'preɪz(ə)l] n.评价, 估价191. periodical reading room 期刊阅览室192. delivery/circulation desk借书台193. resit/retake重考194. campus dinning hall 学校食堂195. straight A's 全A196. full refund 退款197. payroll/paycheck/salary 工资单198. flexible working hours灵活的工作时间199. meet/honor individual requests/needs/demands 满足个人需求200. work-study situation 半工半读的情况Vocabulary practice with TOEFL listening( Conversation Part)1.Hi, I am a new here and I couldn't come to the student ______and I'm wondering if you can give me a few _______ _______ just about the library.2. I’m taking mostly _________ _________and some are taught in these huge_________ _______.3. My issue is, I have got two _________ ________ and two _________.4. Hum, you are right. I am a ________ student and I've already done a year in another university so I know how the research can go I’ve spent a lot of time on the history___________.5. So, do I pay you? Well, first, you need to talk to the__________.6. But that’s not how it works. This pass gives you________ to the_____ and to all the _________, into the pool and so forth. But not with team practicing, so you have to check the ___________.7. But I am writing my ________ ____________, so I thought I was allowed to keep the book for the whole _________ _________ .8. No, since my __________ __________ will be in public relations, I’ve already decided to get a ___________ ___________ in marketing.9. I definitely met with my _______ __________2 years ago. He told me that I need 8 more courses at the__________ ____________ or higher in the last 2 years to be OK. So I am not sure what the problem is, I make sure I got those ____________.10. You think it can be very good? Absolutely! Would that mean you’d…I could get a better grade? Oh, sorry! It’s not for your grade. It's…I think you could learn a lot by ___________ it.11. Oh, no. you can get ________ in a lot of _________. Some graduate students from this department _________ there.12. But I hardly go there because I have a____________ job.13. I am just filling out this ________ for graduation form for the _______ office, and I don't know.14. Well, as long as you've met the departmental_________ and you _______ the form on time, you shouldn't have any problem.15. Well, when the business department changed the _________ to include more courses in international business, to ... well, because of the increasing globalization of business. We made sure that students who have finished their second year, that is, those who are in their third or fourth year, wouldn't be _________.16. Uh... the department's hiring new ______, too I heard, to teach some of the new courses?17. But now it says it's a ________ class.18. Uh... I _______ you have taken a _________?19…. articles _______, etc. You will find them in the ________ ________ in the back. But I start with 1964, I think the play had been running for a little while when I saw it.I’m sure you will b e surprised that anyone ever found it________. But you will see why it is still powerful,________ speaking.Well, there must be something about it, or the professor ________ ______ ______ it. I’m sure I’ll______ ______ ______.20. I understand you need this in order to process my ________.21. Well, you have to watch the videos here. You need to _______ _________ to _________an open room and _________ _______ the video you need.22. Well, rooms are usually full right after dinner time, but you can _______ _______the day before to reserve the room if you want.23. Do you know how many people have to ________ _________ in order to keep a class from being __________?24. I have a couple of questions about the _________ _______ next week.25.This is my first day on campus, and I don’t know where anything is. Can’t find your _________ __________?26. Don’t say that. That’s what _______ ________ are for. There is no reason you couldn’t ________ _______to say hi and to make yourself known. If you are learning a lot in class, let the professor know. Wouldn’t you __________ _________ _________if you were a professor?27. It’s kind of___________ _________ ________, because we are getting close to the _______ and I feel like I’m doing everything for this project. Ah, the good old___________ problem.28. OK. Uh … what about the other _______ I sent in, about the proposed increase in _________ ________?29. You are lucky to have professor who includes a lesser-known writer like her on the ________.30. It’s your call. But I think with all a little ______ effort, you could really turn this into a fine ________.No… yeah…I mean, after I read your comments, I...I can see how it tries to do too much. Yeah. It’s just too ______ for the _______ of the ________. So I should cut out the historical part? Yes. I would just ________ _______ the topic. Anything unrelated to the use of nature emitry has no place in the paper.31. You’ve seen the _________ and ________ around campus, I assume. Sure, can’t miss them.32. Well, as you know, the career fair is generally an opportunity for local businesses to ________new employees, and for ___________ graduates to have ______ with several companies they might be interested in working for.33. Now, in your case, even though you wouldn’t be lookin g for ___________right now, it still wouldn’t hurt for you to prepare much like you would if you were looking for a job.34. You mean, like get my ________ together and wear a _____?35. I haven’t _________ ___________ ________ ______, but I’m strongly con sidering _________.36. You can learn a lot about companies from their ________ _________.37. And maybe about opportunities for _________.38. All of the library’s _________ and ________ _______can be accessed through any computer ________ ___________the university network.39. So you_________ ________ for _________ ___________ __________?40. Oh, I see, it's been ___________.41. We can even do the ___________ for you because of the circumstances.42. These are books I need to _________ __________ today.43. But, before you go, what you should do is ______ ____ a form________ the book back in two weeks. You don't want to waste any time getting it back.44. Oh I should also mention that we have an_________ ________ service.45.So, well, I was thinking maybe I could take the test on a different day? Like Monday morning during your _________ ______?46. As I turned out I was really enjoy the _______ _________.47. Well, it is a busy time, with ________ ________ coming up next week.48. Sure. There is a whole area here on the _________ ______ where you can bring a _____ and ________ __________ ________for power but on top of that we also have a connection for the internet at every seat.49. I am sure you'll need _________ too.50. _______ _________ are found on the second floor.51. We have system where you have to use a copy card so you'll need to buy a card from the ______ ________.52. So how long can I borrow books for? Our __________ ______ is a month.53. It seems that Mr. Grable has mastered the__________ _____________ to teaching — the way we’ve been talking about in class.54. The students also learned about the literature of Greek and Roman _________, used research skills in the library, wrote a report and practiced their _________ ________skills.55. In fact, usually the system ________ anyone trying to sign up for a class they shouldn’t be taking. Ur who hasn’t taken the courses you are required to do first as ___________.56. Eh, instead of any extra reading just now though, you could view some of the _______。
托福听力分类词汇汇总
托福听力分类词汇汇总pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue 组织organ器官system 系统seeds种子everlasting永久的crossbreed杂交root pressure 根压bore腔/肠cohesion-tensi on凝聚压力column花柱necrosis坏死barren 贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate (starch)碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat 脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished营养不良的nutrition 营养perennial 多年一生的annual一年一生的verdant 嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifer tree针叶树larch 落叶松pine松树spruce云杉juniper 刺柏；杜松sequoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood红木树plum blossom梅花orchid兰花chrysanthemum 菊花water lily荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花carnation康乃馨jasmine茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower向日葵camellia 茶花corn / maize / mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato番茄lettuce莴苣cabbage卷心菜wheat小麦rye黑麦barley大麦oats燕麦微生物学antibody 抗体toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology 免疫学vaccine疫苗fungus真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection 传染/ 感染microorganism / microbe微生物virus病毒disinfection消毒sterilization灭菌生物学biology生物学marine biology海洋生物学entomology昆虫学ornithology鸟类学microbiology 微生物学genetics遗传学speciology物种学parasitology寄生虫学paleontology 古生物学paleontologist 古生物学家dinosaur恐龙die out / extinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物carnivore食肉动物rodent啮齿类动物underwater水下的marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器diving潜水/跳水one-celledorganism单细胞有机体tissue（动植物细胞的）组织protectivecamouflage保护色predator 捕猎者oceanic snail蜗牛animaladaptation动物适应性survival of thefittest适者生存origin ofspecies物种起源wildenvironment野生环境insecticide杀虫剂prenatal care产后护理habitat栖息地tentacle触须prey 捕食navigate 导航tiny receptor接收器nerve /specimen 物种amphibian两栖类动物decline in the number数量减少gene基因genetic基因的endangered species濒危动物survival活着的transition 转变/过渡microbe 微生物yeast酵母（菌）bacteria细菌single-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring子孙chew up咀嚼unfertilizedeggs未受精卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品/ 食物feed喂养cannibalism同类相食respiration呼吸ingestion摄食digestion消化digestiveenzyme消化酶cell细胞nucleus细胞核cytoplasm细胞质plasma lemma/ cellmembrane细胞膜cell wall 细胞壁protein蛋白质amino acid核酸plankton 浮游生物heredity遗传mutation ofspecies 物种变异chromosome 染色体genetic engineering遗传工程solitary独居social群居bio-diversity生物多样性metamorphosis变态/ 变形mutation变种variation变异动物学zoology动物学Darwinism达尔文学说natural selection自然选择phylum门class纲order 目suborder 亚目family科genus属species种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquatic life水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian /amphibiousanimal 两栖动物protozoa 原生动物rodent 啮齿动物ruminant 反刍动物parasiticanimal寄生动物primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore 食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm 恒温动物cold-blooded animal冷血动物poikilotherm 变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous 食肉的herbivorous 食草的omnivorous杂食的bird鸟类camouflage伪装hibernate冬眠；蛰伏regeneration再生predatory /carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食hordes /swarms（昆虫等）群flock（牛、羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd 兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply / reproduce繁殖spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy 解剖学appetite食欲creature生物scales鳞feathers羽毛armor甲spinal cord 脊椎digestive system消化系统excretorysystem排泄系统reproductivesyste生殖系统circulatorysystem循环系统respiratorysystem呼吸系统hormonalsystem内分泌系digestive duct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃small intestine小肠largeintestine大肠anus肛门digestivegland 消化腺salivary gland唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancreas 胰水生动物jellyfish水母nettle fish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin 海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp 小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam 蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid鱿鱼；乌贼burro /octopus 章鱼sole 鳎；鳎目鱼plaice 鲽，红斑比目鱼哺乳动物squirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose驼鹿beaver海狸elk麋鹿reindeer 驯鹿giraffe长颈鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河马sloth 树懒slothful 懒惰的两栖动物、爬行动物frog 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色龙cay men /crocodile鳄鱼centipede蜈蚣鸟类robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle 北极鹅penguin企鹅canary 金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture秃鹫crane鹤stork鹳ptarmigan雷鸟migrate迁移plumage羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill （鸟）嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴昆虫insect昆虫wasp黄蜂hornet 大黄蜂spider 蜘蛛pest 害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis 螳螂cockroach蟑螂earthworm蚯蚓antenna /tentacle触须larva幼虫生态学ecology生态学ecosystem生态系统balance ofnature自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora植物群rain forest雨林food chain食物链acid rain酸雨greenhouse温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐ozone layer / ozonosphere臭氧层ultraviolet radiation紫外辐pollution control污染控制air pollution空气控制waterpollution水污染noxious / toxic有毒的fumes（有毒的）废气waste废物solid waste固体废物sewage /wastewater污水sewagepurification污水净化swagedisposal污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝能源和环境fossil fuel 矿物燃料process of photo synthesis光合作用solar energy太阳能nonrenewable不可再生的energyconservation保护能源resource资源energy source能源资源tidal energy潮汐能fuel-efficient 节能型的rush hour 高峰期zero emission 零辐射wildness 野生/天然preservation 保护atmosphere大气carbon碳dioxide二氧化物burning of coal and oil煤油燃烧global warming全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应rise in sealevel海平面上升long-termclimaticchange长期的气候变化environmentalrecyclingcenter再循环利用中心litter/trashgarbage 垃圾pollutant污染物desertification沙漠化deforest滥伐森林drought干旱watershortage水源缺乏offshorespillage近海岸溢出carbondioxiderelease二氧化碳排放industrialsewage工业污水recycling再循环purify净化deteriorate恶化acid rain 酸雨sewagedisposal污水处理environmentprotection环境保护ozone layer臭氧层waste disposal废物处理emission（汽车废气的）排放soot 烟尘El Niño 厄尔尼诺现象天文学astronomy天文学astronomical observatory天文台planetarium天文馆astrophysics天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学cosmos / universe 宇宙cosmology宇宙infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmicradiation宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线celestial 天体的celestial body/ heavenlybody 天体celestial map /sky atlas 天体图celestialsphere 天球dwarf / dwarfstar 矮星quasar 类星体constellation星座galaxy / MilkyWay银河系star cluster星团asterism星群solar system太阳系solar corona 日冕solar eclipse 日食solar radiation太阳辐射planet行星planetoid / asteroid 小行星revolve旋转twinkle 闪烁naked eye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter 木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit轨道spin 旋转satellite卫星lunar月球的meteor流星meteorshower流星雨star恒星meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石comet彗星space / outerspace 太空，外层空间spacecraft /spaceship 宇宙飞船space shuttle航天飞机spacetelescope空间望远镜astronaut /spaceman宇航员space suit宇航服stellar 恒星的intergalactic星系间的interstellar恒星间的interplanetary行星间的asteroid小行星nebula星云space debris太空垃圾ammonia氨photosphere 光球；光球层chromosphere s色球；色球层chromosphere s-corona transition zone色球-日冕过渡层sunglow日冕sunspot太阳黑子（发生在光球层）flare耀斑（发生在色球层）solar prominence日珥（发生在色球层）convectionzone对流层vacuum真空infrared ray红外线absolutemagnitude绝对量级emission发射/散发high-resolution高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪，干涉仪illusive object幻影体faint 微弱的image 影像gravitationalforce 吸引力molten融化的leap year 闰年rotation 自传revolution公转black hole黑洞ultraviolet ray紫外线luminosity光度light year光年气象学meteorology 气象meteorologist气象学家meteorological station气象站forecast / predict预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层stratosphere平流层mesosphere中间层ionosphere电离层exosphere逸散层cold front冷锋warm air mass 热气团current（气）流moisture 潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时vapor 蒸汽evaporate蒸发damp / moist /humid潮湿humidity湿度moisture潮湿saturate 饱和dew 露frost霜fog /mist雾smog烟droplet小水condense浓缩crystal水晶体sheet（水、冰、雪的）一层downpour /torrential rain大雨tempest(storm) /torrential rain暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard /snowstorm暴风雪avalanche /snow slide雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze微风sandstorm沙暴monsoon季风gale大风whirlwind旋风typhoon 台hurricane飓风tornado / twister / cyclone龙卷风wind scale风级tsunami / seismic sea wave 海啸tidal wave潮汐；浪潮upperatmosphere上层大气funnel漏斗云disaster /calamity /catastrophe灾难devastation破坏submerge淹没drought旱灾convection对流wind velocity风速wind direction风向long-rangeforecast 长期预报numericalweatherprediction数值天气预报nephanalysis云层分析；卫星云图地理学hemisphere 半球meridian子午线/ 经线parallel 平行圈latitude 纬线longitude 经线/ 经度elevation海拔altitude 高度/ 海拔horizon 地平线equator 赤道temperature latitudes温带地区tropics 热带地区Arctic / the North Pole 北极Antarctic / Antarctica 南极the Antarctic Continent南极洲the Antarctic Circle 南极圈the Arctic Circle北极圈aurora极光tropics ofCancer 北回归线tropics ofCapricorn 南回归线internationaldate line 国际日期变更线timedifference时差time zone时区topography地形/ 地形学plain平原plateau /highland 高地lowland 低地basin盆地oasis绿洲enclave飞地peak 山峰cordillera /ranges 山脉carven / cave洞穴terrain 地域subterranean地底下coastland 沿海地区coastline 海岸线watershed分水岭upper reaches上游lower reaches下游tributary支流deposit沉积spring / fountain 泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed 河床gulf / bay 海湾waterfall瀑布cascade 小瀑布；喷流reef 暗礁tide 湖水torrent 水的急流tropical rain forest 热带雨林continental island 大陆岛volcanicisland 火山岛coral island珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular半岛archipelago群岛delta 三角洲landlockedarea 内陆inlandwaterway 内陆河subcontinent次大陆cliff 山崖valley 山谷hillside /mountainslope 山坡continentalshelf 大陆架canyon /gorge 峡谷channel /strait 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial地球的/陆地的terrestrialheat /geothermal地热terrestrialmagnetism 地磁continentaldrift 大陆漂移学说sea-floorspreading海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉积物tropical 热带的temperate温带的frigid 寒带的frost heaving 冻胀现象tundra 苔原，冻原fieldstone 卵石Mediterranea n Sea地中海the primevalforest 原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)fjord 峡湾coral reef 珊瑚礁Chalk 白垩纪cataclysm大洪水ridge 山脊；分水岭abyss深渊territory 版图；领土；地域Pyrenees 比利牛斯山脉Carpathians喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius 维苏威火山Pompeii 庞贝precipice 悬崖eon 世；纪；代glacier 冰河Pangaea 盘古大陆dune 沙丘Lagoon 咸水湖地质学crust 地壳mantle地幔core 地核continental crust大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer / stratum地层stratigraphy 地层学fault断层fault plane断层面fault zone 断层带rift / crack / split断裂disintegration /decompositio n分解erosion 腐蚀fossil化石igneous rock火成岩sedimentaryrock沉积岩metamorphicrock 变质岩limestone 石灰岩granite花岗岩marble大理石lithosphere岩石圈magma /molten lava岩浆quartz石英mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble碎石debris 残骸platinum 白金/铂金silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury 汞/水银sodium钠gem宝石diamond 钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch / age / period冰川期glacial drift冰渍moraines 冰碛iceberg冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano休眠火山(sloping) shield volcano 盾状火山（平缓）(steep-sided) cone volcano锥状火山（陡峭）eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口caldera（开口较大）火山口depression洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava 火山岩浆volcanic dust火山尘volcanic ash火山灰geyser 间歇喷泉hot spring温泉earthquake /quake /tremor / seism地震seismic地震的seismology地震学magnitude震级seismicintensity scale震烈度seismic wave地震波transversewave 横波longitudinalwave 纵波epicenter 震中epicentraldistance 震中距aftershock余震cataclysm灾变tsunami / tidal / force海啸undersea landslide 海底山崩melt global warming全球逐渐变暖aquifer 蓄水层swamp沼泽peat bog 泥炭沼泽Great Canyon大峡谷Nile River尼罗河Coloradoriver 科罗拉多河crumpleszones地质缓冲地带bedrock 岩床bulge凸起物考古学archaeology 考古学paleontology 古生物学anthropology 人类学archaeologist 人类学家pale-anthropo logist 古人类学家ecologicalanthropologist生态人类学家psychological anthropologist心理人类学家originate 起源于ancestor祖先hominid人（科）homogeneous同以种族（种类）的tribe部落clan氏族excavation挖掘excavate / unearth挖掘ruins 遗迹/废墟remains遗产/遗骸artifact手工艺品relic遗物/文物antique古物/古董antiquity古代/古老Stone Age石器时代Bronze Age青铜器时代Iron Age铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的morphology形态学skull颅骨cranial颅骨的fossil化石ancientcivilization古代文明cave man山顶洞人cultural relics文物rock painting岩画建筑学architecture 建筑学architect 建筑学家construct 结构wing辐楼/侧楼design设计elevator电梯skyscraper摩天大楼designelement设计元素log structure原木结构cabin小木屋beam梁prototype 原型building technique 建筑工艺new material 新材料metal-frame 金属结构repair person 修理工planetarium 天文馆aquarium水族馆archives档案馆officebuilding写字楼cathedral 大教堂mosque清真寺the statue ofliberty 自由女神像the triumphalarch凯旋门sphinx狮身人面像pyramid 金字塔castle 城堡政治、经济学类subsistence存活，生活subsistence wage刚够养家糊口的工资subsistence level 收支平衡的生活水平kinship亲属关系，血缘关系commodity商品check支票；收据；账单bank loan银行贷款interest利息withdraw从银行账户中提款honor (cheque/bill/d raft) 承兑a run on a bank 挤兑the Great Depression大萧条consumerism消费主义（认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法）；保护消费者权益主义affluence 富裕，富足sophisticated世故的，老练的；复杂的，尖端的教育学higher education高等教育moral character道德品质domain 领域faculty 全体教员alumni校友treasurer 生活委员/财务大臣electivesystem选课制度curriculum课程（总称）discipline学科/管理learn by rote死记硬背encyclopedias百科全书/专科全书人物artist 艺术家choreographe r舞蹈编排家critic批评家satirist讽刺作家inventor发明家biographer自传作家sculptor雕塑家feminist女权主义者humanitarian 人道主义者imagist意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor业主mortal犯人precursor先驱figurehead名誉领袖disciple学徒apprentice学徒mechanic机械工minimalist简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde前卫派territory领域genre 风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd怪诞的/奇数的erratic奇怪的weird怪异的/不可思议的romantic浪漫的innocent 天真的/无罪的lovelorn 相思病苦的emotional情绪的/情感的sentimental感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal家长的/族长的rigid僵化的spare简朴的clumsy笨拙的zigzag曲折的contemporary当代的acclaimed受欢迎的preeminent杰出的versatile（人）多才多艺的/（物）多功能的household家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine真正的authentic 逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia怀旧主义/思乡emotive感人的prodigious巨大的classic经典的posthumous死后的摄影photographer 摄影家panorama全景照片snap shot快照developing冲洗enlarge放大foreground前景background背景highdefinition高清晰度close-up特写out of focus调焦不准exposure 曝光instantcamera拍立得camera lens相机镜头tripod 三脚架dark room暗室wide angle lens广角镜头long focuslens 长镜头filter 滤色镜文学pose 散文diary日记autobiograph y传记editorial社论narrative prose叙述性descriptive prose描写性essay随笔poetry诗歌ballad民谣lullaby催眠曲fiction小说allegory寓言fairy tale童话legend传说proverb谚语model人物原型leadingcharacter主人公main plot主要情节prelude序曲prologue序言epilogue尾声literarycriticism文学批评literarystudies文学研究schools ofliterature 文学流派comparativeliterature比较文学realism现实主义surrealism超现实主义futurism 未来主义modernism现代主义aestheticism唯美主义音乐musical instrument乐器orchestra（管弦）乐队shook rattle摇拨浪鼓pound drum 击鼓foot beat跺脚note 音符score乐谱movement乐章fanatical狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music民间音乐pop music流行音乐classicalmusic古典音乐Jazz爵士乐symphony交响乐rock and roll摇滚乐band music /wind music管乐string弦乐violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴harp 竖琴horn号；喇叭clarinet 单簧管oboe 双簧管keyboardinstrument键盘乐器percussion震荡/打击乐器vocal music声乐concerto 协奏曲sonata 奏鸣曲serenade小夜曲solo独奏/独唱duet二重唱conducting指挥podium 指挥台accompanime nt伴奏quality音质volume音量chord 和弦harmony 和声rest 休止time节拍lullaby 催眠曲prelude序曲epilogue 尾声美术（绘画和雕塑）fine arts 美术oil painting油画water color 水彩画tempera蛋彩画sketch速写/素描pastel 彩色蜡笔画poster海报/招贴画charcoal drawing 木炭画muralpainting /fresco壁画engraving版画lithograph石板画landscapepainting风景画still life静物画portrait肖像画caricature漫画pigment颜色，色素canvas油画布brush画笔drawingboard画板perspective透视画法original原作copy临本reproduction /replica复制品genuine真的fake假的gallery美术馆autograph真迹panorama全景画calligraphy书法paste裱糊impressionisti c style 印象派风格framing装框sculpture雕塑sculptor雕塑家figurine 小雕像bust半身雕塑像statue塑像unique唯一的/独特的animator漫画家saxophonist萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo靛蓝purple紫色。
托福听力常见单词大全
托福听力常见单词大全托福听力中的词汇常常是考生最为头痛的，托福词汇量太大怎么记?店铺为大家带来托福听力常见单词大全，本汇总将按照话题对词汇进行分类，便于考生记忆。
托福听力常见单词:关于地质学Geology 地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡Mud 泥土, soil 土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻Melt v.融化 moltenGravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物Marble 大理石granite 花岗岩Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave 波动Volcano, volcanic 火山，火山的Volcanic eruption 火山喷发Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸 (explosion)boom n.爆炸Blast n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩托福听力常见单词:关于地球科学地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Shear (a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves)Slow down 减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle 地幔Crust 地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down 冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line 虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample 样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement 精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement 地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累托福听力常见单词:关于商业商业Insurance 保险Note 注意Contract 合约Verbal agreement 口头协议Repay 偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label 标签Contention 所持观点Inform 告知Cost 成本Profit利润 loss损失Net 净的，gross 粗略的Supply and demand 供求Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Franchise 特许经营Budget 预算托福听力常见单词:关于哲学哲学Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Theme 主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Perceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense 感觉Soul 灵魂 spiritElement 组成成分Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational 有理性的Contemplation 沉思，思考Judgment 判断Just 公正的，justice 公正Justify 证明, justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral 有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Va ry v.不相同Intrinsic 内部的Extrinsic 外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 削弱Diminish (影响力)减小Medieval 中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine 教义,主义,学说Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics 形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停。
托福听力分类词汇完整版
新托福IBT听力场景入学：enrollment 登记, 注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation n.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition, fee 费用placement test 开学测试excellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的below average 低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓: university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院school 学院dean 院长principal 中学校长professor 教授associate professor 副教授assistant professor 助理教授coordinator 班主任，协调人counselor 辅导员advisor 指导老师instructor 讲师tutor 个人辅导supervisor 管理人undergraduate 本科graduate 研究生建筑物buildings:canteen.餐厅cafeteria.自助餐厅administration building 行政大楼main building主楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂, 礼堂=lecture hall assembly n.集合,集会hallcomputer lab 计算实验室，机房dining hall 食堂选课学科major 主修minor 副修science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required、compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程上课：Attend class 上课Miss class 缺课Skip class逃课Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与杂semester/term 学期quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus 教学大纲Professor’s signature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）,openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist 化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家作业：assignment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork = studies 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview vt.n.采访collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲(roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试：mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for补考,resit, retake重考grade （mark 、score）分数成绩：perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和BB plus B加A minus A减pass the iexam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆：library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf n.书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部科研过程HypothesisAlternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说Collect dataSurvey, questionnaire ExperimentInterfere, influence ObservationAnalyze dataInterpret dataAnalysisAnalyticalSubjectSampleTreatment groupNon-treatmentControl group校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助：Letter of reference/recommendation CompetitiveBenefit future careerField researchCollect data for papersWaiter, waitress，BabysitterWork at the library Qualification资格, qualified 合格的Resume, CVfinancial aid经济援助Scholarship Fellowship Teaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant 助学金Loan 贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based 以优秀为基础Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部Membership 成员资格Career service住宿：宿舍：accommodation n.住处, 膳宿residence hall宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village 村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者,室友corridor n. 走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借, 租约landlord 房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台，sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartmenthouse key 房锁匙床上用品:pillow n.枕头bed linen n. 床上用品sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electric appliance(instrument; equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉range 煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer) 冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设日常生活/问题:personalpossessions/property/belongings个人财产get insurance for personal possessions/property/belongs garbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n. 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇Geology地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡Mud泥土, soil土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻Melt v.融化molten Gravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物Marble 大理石granite 花岗岩Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave 波动Volcano, volcanic 火山，火山的Volcanic eruption 火山喷发Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸(explosion)boom n.爆炸Blast n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Shear（a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves）Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业Insurance 保险Note 注意Contract合约Verbal agreement口头协议Repay 偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label 标签Contention 所持观点Inform 告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and demand供求Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Theme 主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Perceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense 感觉Soul 灵魂spiritElement 组成成分Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational有理性的Contemplation 沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明, justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral 有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic 内部的Extrinsic 外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 削弱Diminish （影响力）减小Medieval 中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine教义,主义,学说Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停天文学astronomy constellation 星座zodiac （星象学的星座）planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星（the largest asteroid and the first discovered）White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space）Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体(rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen) Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Big Dipper 北斗七星Black hole 黑洞Celestial天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas天体图Solar corona日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.）Genre 艺术分类Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play剧opera歌剧film 电影camera 摄影camera shotanalytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vividanthem 国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage 海市蜃楼prolific 多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural 壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style建筑风格Art deco 装饰艺术Art moderneGeometric patterns 几何图形Arch 拱门Castle 城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing结构Lobby n. 大厅(entrance hall) Elevator n. 电梯Façade n. 正面Stairs 楼梯Interior 内部的Exterior 外部的Impressionistic style印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Renaissance 文艺复兴Medieval中世纪Byzantine architecture 527 (Sofia)-1520音乐Accompaniment 伴奏Audition 试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music古典音乐Concerto 协奏曲Lullaby 催眠曲Duet 二重奏Harmony 和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Serenade 小夜曲Solo 独奏Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music 民间音乐Prelude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score 乐谱Note 音符Notation 乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics 歌词Tempo 节奏Melody 主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune 旋律Conduct 指挥Violin 小提琴Viola 中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['krʌmhɔ:n]n. 变号(一种古双簧乐器)Harp 竖琴考古anthropologist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropologist 生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘Scoop铲子ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品pottery 陶器(potter)Porcelain瓷器fossil 化石relic 遗物，文物Rock painting 岩石画antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull 颅骨Cranial颅骨的Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的Exhume 挖掘Paleoanthropology Prehistoric史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biological agencyCalcium钙Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Fermentation 发酵Fungus 菌类Gene基因Genetic engineering 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe 微生物Nucleus 细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasitic animal 寄生动物Parasite disease 寄生虫病Parasitology 寄生虫学Pathogen 病菌，病原体Protozoa 原生动物Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast 酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria) 细菌algae海藻coral珊瑚rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物ape 猿chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla 大猩猩monkey n. 猴子mammal 哺乳类动物dinosaur n.恐龙bat (ecolotion) 蝙蝠（声波定位）snowshoe hare 雪兔子raccoon 浣熊polar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部;reptile 爬行类动物snake, cobra眼镜蛇, rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard蜥蜴,snail 蜗牛amphibian adj. 两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n. 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪toad 蟾蜍pond 池塘puddle 水坑insect n.昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly 苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grasshopper 蚱蜢honey beemonarch butterfly 大花蝶large migratory American butterfly having deeporange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweed egg 卵larvae 幼虫caterpillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n. 白蚁marine adj. 海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark 鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅predator n. 捕食者prey n. 被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrimp 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab 螃蟹bird, humming birdartery 动脉scale 鳞片claw爪, paw爪子horn 角hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠hive 蜂巢pollen n. 花粉pollinate v.授粉hibernate 冬眠migrate v. 迁徙communicate v. 交流camouflage 保护色evolve 进化evolution n. 进化endotherm n.温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n. 冷血动物beak 鸟嘴enzymes 酵母secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragrance scent smell)gland 腺体chromosome 染色体植物botany植物学botanist 植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel 月桂chestnut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae(pl. alga) 海藻organism 有机物birch tree (bark) 桦树crops 谷物corn 玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用lichen 地衣,苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such as PUMPKIN sbean 豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral 花的petal 花瓣bloom 开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss 苔藓herbicide 除草剂herb 草本植物herbivorous 食草的classification 分类hierarchy 级别hazardous 有毒害的Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层Convection 对流Stratosphere 同温层Barometer 气压计current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb 吸收dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze 微风Blast 大风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风Cyclone 旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风Monsoon 季风Sandstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风Tropical depression热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel 漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v. 淹没drought 干旱Avalanche雪崩Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepid adj.微温的环保environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染：pollute, pollution, pollutant contaminant n.污染物contaminate v.污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学antiseptic adj.防腐的atmospheric pollution大气污染垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter 处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill), recycle, reduce, reuse,dump回收:glass, paper, water,milk carton牛奶盒, tyre,aluminium cans铝罐,plastic bags, rubbish bags biodegradable packaging可降解包装, throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料none-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料:natural gas, coal, petroleumlimited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源,replace=substitute v.取代wind power, hydropower水电,solar (lunar) power太阳能,nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约,污染: water pollution, air pollution,soil pollution土壤污染,noise pollutionsoil erosion 土壤侵蚀soil pollution土壤污染stain n.污染，污点，玷污stink v.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical 有毒的化学物品fume n.烟，气味light pollution日光污染refuse废物sewage污水pesticide n.杀虫剂chemical waste化学废料congest v.使充满危害动物:poaching非法打猎，盗猎,damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地, rare breed稀有物种,endangered species濒危物种,extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), animal rights activist动物权益保护者, natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物, preserve v.保护disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏, have disastrous effect on…对。
托福听力词汇完整版
托福听力词汇完整版文稿归稿存档编号：[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-新托福IBT听力场景入学：enrollment/register 登记, 注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation n.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition fee 费用placement test 开学测试excellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的below average 低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓: university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院science/ arts school 理科/文科学院undergraduate 本科postgraduate /graduate 研究生建筑物buildings:canteen.餐厅/cafeteria.自助餐厅dining hall 食堂administration building 行政大楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂, 礼堂=lecture hallassembly n.集合,集会computer lab 计算实验室，机房选课学科major 主修 minor 副修science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学（micro-微marin-海洋）geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistic 语言学pedagogy 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学课程类型required、 compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程上课：Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与Otherssemester/term 学期 quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要exemption 免修Professor’s signature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长faculty 全体教职员dean 院长coordinator 班主任，协调人tutor 个人辅导supervisor 管理人作业：assignment 作业（lab/book/oral/mix media）report 实验报告project 项目survey 调查presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview vt.n.采访collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲 (roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试：mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for补考,resit, retake重考grade （mark 、score）分数成绩：perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和B B plus B加A minus A减pass the exam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆：library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalog 图书目录classified catalog 分类目录title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf n.书架（vt.）stacks 书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部科研过程Hypothesis 假说Alternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说Collect dataSurvey 调查Questionnaire 调查问卷Experiment 实验Interfere, influence 打扰Observation 观察Analyze data 分析数据Interpret data 翻译数据Analysis 分析Analytical 分析的Subject 主题,科目,受制于…的SampleTreatment group 实验组Control group 实验对照组校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助：Letter ofreference/recommendation 推荐信Competitive 竞争的Benefit future careerField research 实地调查研究Collect data for papers Waiter, waitress，Babysitter 临时保姆Work at the library Qualification资格, qualified 合格的Resume, CV 简历financial aid经济援助Scholarship/Fellowship 奖学金Teaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant 助学金Loan 贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based 以优秀为基础Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部Career service住宿：宿舍：accommodation n.住处, 膳宿residence hall宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village 村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者,室友corridor n. 走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借, 租约landlord 房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台， sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartmenthouse key 房锁匙床上用品:pillow n.枕头bed linen n. 床上用品sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electricappliance(instrument;equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶fridge(refrigerator/freezer)冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设日常生活/问题:personalpossessions/property/belonging s个人财产get insurance for personal possessions/property/belongs garbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n. 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇Geology地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡Mud泥土, soil土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻Melt v.融化 moltenGravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物Marble 大理石granite 花岗岩Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave 波动Volcano, volcanic 火山，火山的Volcanic eruption 火山喷发Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸 (explosion) boom n.爆炸Blast n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Shear （a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a directionparallel to themselves）Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业Insurance 保险Note 注意Contract合约Verbal agreement口头协议Repay 偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label 标签Contention 所持观点Inform 告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and demand供求Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Theme 主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Perceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense 感觉Soul 灵魂spiritElement 组成成分Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational有理性的Contemplation 沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明, justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral 有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic 内部的Extrinsic 外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 削弱Diminish （影响力）减小Medieval 中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine教义,主义,学说Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停天文学astronomy constellation 星座zodiac （星象学的星座）planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星（the largest asteroid and the first discovered）White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space）Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体 (rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen)Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Big Dipper 北斗七星Black hole 黑洞Celestial天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas天体图Solar corona日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.）Genre 艺术分类Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play剧opera歌剧film 电影camera 摄影camera shotanalytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vivid anthem 国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage 海市蜃楼prolific 多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural 壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style建筑风格Art deco 装饰艺术Art moderneGeometric patterns 几何图形Arch 拱门Castle 城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing结构Lobby n. 大厅(entrance hall) Elevator n. 电梯Fa?ade n. 正面Stairs 楼梯Interior 内部的Exterior 外部的Impressionistic style印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Renaissance 文艺复兴Medieval中世纪527 (Sofia)-1520音乐Accompaniment 伴奏Audition 试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music古典音乐Concerto 协奏曲Lullaby 催眠曲Duet 二重奏Harmony 和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Serenade 小夜曲Solo 独奏Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music 民间音乐Prelude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score 乐谱Note 音符Notation 乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics 歌词Tempo 节奏Melody 主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune 旋律Conduct 指挥Violin 小提琴Viola 中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['kr?mh?:n]n. 变号(一种古双簧乐器)Harp 竖琴考古anthropologist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropologist 生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘Scoop铲子ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品pottery 陶器 (potter) Porcelain瓷器fossil 化石relic 遗物，文物Rock painting 岩石画antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull 颅骨Cranial颅骨的Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的Exhume 挖掘Paleoanthropology Prehistoric史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biological agency Calcium钙Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Fermentation 发酵Fungus 菌类Gene基因Genetic engineering 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe 微生物Nucleus 细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasitic animal 寄生动物Parasite disease 寄生虫病Parasitology 寄生虫学Pathogen 病菌，病原体Protozoa 原生动物Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast 酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria) 细菌algae海藻coral珊瑚rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物ape 猿chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla 大猩猩monkey n. 猴子mammal 哺乳类动物dinosaur n.恐龙bat (ecolotion) 蝙蝠（声波定位）snowshoe hare 雪兔子raccoon 浣熊polar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部;reptile 爬行类动物snake, cobra眼镜蛇, rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard蜥蜴,snail 蜗牛amphibian adj. 两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n. 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪toad 蟾蜍pond 池塘puddle 水坑insect n.昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly 苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grasshopper 蚱蜢honey beemonarch butterfly 大花蝶large migratory American butterfly having deep orange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweedegg 卵larvae 幼虫caterpillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n. 白蚁marine adj. 海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark 鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅predator n. 捕食者prey n. 被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrimp 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab 螃蟹bird, humming birdartery 动脉scale 鳞片claw爪 , paw爪子horn 角hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠hive 蜂巢pollen n. 花粉pollinate v.授粉hibernate 冬眠migrate v. 迁徙communicate v. 交流保护色evolve 进化evolution n. 进化endotherm n.温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n. 冷血动物beak 鸟嘴enzymes 酵母secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragrance scent smell)gland 腺体chromosome 染色体植物botany植物学botanist 植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel 月桂chestnut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae(pl. alga) 海藻organism 有机物birch tree (bark) 桦树crops 谷物corn 玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用lichen 地衣,苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such as PUMPKIN sbean 豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral 花的petal 花瓣bloom 开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss 苔藓herbicide 除草剂herb 草本植物herbivorous 食草的classification 分类hierarchy 级别hazardous 有毒害的Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层Convection 对流Stratosphere 同温层Barometer 气压计current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb 吸收dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze 微风Blast 大风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风Cyclone 旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风Monsoon 季风Sandstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风Tropical depression热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel 漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v. 淹没drought 干旱Avalanche雪崩Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepid adj.微温的环保environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染：pollute, pollution, pollutant contaminant n.污染物contaminate v.污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学antiseptic adj.防腐的atmospheric pollution大气污染垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill),recycle, reduce, reuse,dump 回收:glass, paper, water, milk carton牛奶盒, tyre, aluminium cans铝罐,plastic bags, rubbish bags biodegradable packaging可降解包装,throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料none-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料:natural gas, coal, petroleum limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源, replace=substitute v.取代wind power, hydropower水电, solar (lunar) power太阳能, nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约,污染: water pollution, air pollution,soil pollution土壤污染,noise pollutionsoil erosion 土壤侵蚀soil pollution土壤污染stain n.污染，污点，玷污stink v.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical 有毒的化学物品fume n.烟，气味light pollution日光污染refuse废物sewage污水pesticide n.杀虫剂chemical waste化学废料congest v.使充满危害动物:poaching非法打猎，盗猎, damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地,rare breed稀有物种, endangered species濒危物种, extinct adj.灭绝 (die out, disappear),animal rights activist动物权益保护者 ,natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物, preserve v.保护disastrous灾难性的,devastation破坏,have disastrous effect on…对。
托福听力重点英语单词
托福听力重点英语单词 1：Infrared ray 红外线Fluorescence 荧光Volt 伏特Magnet 磁铁Direct current 直流电Anode 正极Convection 对流Expansion 膨胀Resonance 共振Frequency 频率Dilution 稀释Reduction 还原Solution 溶液Chemical reaction 化学反应Compound 化合物Oxidation 氧化Wear and tear 磨损Flyover 立交桥Overspeed 超速Out-of-service 废气，停用Public transportation 公共运输Colony 殖民地Slavery 奴隶制度Colonial 殖民的，殖民地的Archaeology 考古学Anthropology 人类学Thanksgiving 感谢，宗感恩祈祷 Archaeologist 考古学家Ancient civilization 古代文明 Dinosaur 恐龙Paleolithic Age 旧石器时代Cello 大提琴2：Horn 圆号Key board instruments 键盘Vocal music 声乐Prelude 序曲Epilogue 尾声Lullaby 催眠曲Concerto 协奏曲Art gallery 美术馆Choreography 舞台舞蹈Technique 技巧，表演法Rhythm 节奏Improvisation 即席创作Background 背景Close-up 特写Exposure 曝光Essay 随笔Ballad 民谣Fiction 小说Allegory 寓言Legend 传说Model 人物原型Literary criticism 文学批评Schools of literature 文学流派 Realism 现实主义Invertebrate 无脊椎动物Reptile 爬行动物Herbivore 食草动物Anemone 海葵Antenna 触角，天线感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
托福听力分科词汇
听力分科词汇（熟悉读音）第一类动物学ZoologyPrimate 灵长类Rodent 啮齿类Vertebrate 脊椎动物Invertebrate 无脊椎动物Reptile 爬行动物Amphibian 两栖动物Carnivore 食肉动物Carnivorous 食肉类的Herbivore 食草动物Omnivore 杂食动物Homoiotherm 恒温动物Poikilotherm 变温动物；冷血动物Tissure 组织Organ 器官Liver 肝Lung 肺Kidney 肾Front/back/rear legRespiratory system 呼吸系统Reproductive system 生殖系统Nerve system 神经系统Immune system 免疫系统Endocrine system 内分泌系统Excretory system 排泄系统Circulatory system 循环系统Blood vessel 血管Vein 静脉Artery 动脉Membrane 隔膜；细胞膜Compound 复眼Sloth 树懒Bat 蝙蝠Dolphin 海豚Turtle 绿毛龟Penguin 企鹅Phylum 门——class 纲——order 目——family 科——species 种Adder 小毒蛇Alge (复数algae)Anatomy 解剖学Anthropoid 类人猿Aquatic 水生的Armor 甲Asymmetric 不对称Baboon 狒狒Alligator 美洲鳄Ancestry 系谱；血统Animal cognition 动物的认知能力Antenna（复数antennae）触须Aquarium 养鱼池Arachnid 节肢动物Auk 海雀Beaver 水懒Biological vacuum 生物演变真空期Bivalve 双壳类Brant 黑雁Breed n.品种v.繁殖Burrow 洞穴Buffalo 美洲野牛Canary 金丝雀Carrion crow 吃腐肉的乌? Caterpillar 毛虫Caviar 鱼子酱Centipede 蜈蚣Chameleon 变色龙Chemical composition 化学成分Chimpanzee 黑猩猩Chipmunk 花栗鼠Chirp 叽叽喳喳叫Cicada 蝉Clam 蛤蜊Claw 爪子Cobra 眼镜蛇Cockroach 蟑螂Cocoon 蚕茧Coelenterate 腔肠动物Cricket 蟋蟀Darwinism 达尔文学说Degeneration 退化Digestive enzyme 消化酶Domesticate 驯养Echolocation 声波定位Entomology 昆虫学Fauna 动物群Fertilize 受精Genus 种类Grasshopper 蚂蚱Gregarious 群居的Hatch 孵化Herd 兽群Heredity 遗传Hibernation 冬眠Hormone 荷尔蒙Ingestion 摄食Insecticide 杀虫剂Larva 幼虫（复数larvae）Mandible 下颚Metamorphosis 变形Lizard 蜥蜴Mate 交配Mollusk 软体动物Monogamous 一雄一雌的Mutation 变种Offspring 后代Order 目Ornithology 鸟类学Oyster 牡蛎Paleontology 古生物学Parasite 寄生虫Polyandrous 一雌多雄的Prairie dog 草原犬鼠Rattlesnake 响尾蛇Regeneration 再生Rhinoceros 犀牛Ruminant 反刍动物Salamander 蝾螈Scale 鳞片Scuba 水下呼吸器Secretion 分泌Solitary 独居的Spawn 卵；产卵Spine 脊骨Spleen 脾Squid 鱿鱼Symbiosis 共生现象symbiotic 共生的Symmetry 对称Tentacle 触须Venom 毒液第二类植物学BotanyFoliage 叶子Stem 茎Trunk 树干Branch 树枝Bark 树皮Bud 花蕾Nectar 花蜜Moss 苔类Herb 草本类Fern 蕨类Fungus 菌类Hybrid 杂交植物Phobia 恐性Hydro-phobia 狂犬病Petal 花瓣Chlorophyll 叶绿素Stamen 花蕊Jasmine 茉莉Peony 牡丹Orchid 兰花Lotus 莲花Plum 梅花；李子第三类生物、微生物学Biology and Micro-biology Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Biotical agency 生物媒介Calcium 钙Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酵母Fatigue （组织、器官等对刺激失去反应能力的）疲劳Fermentation 发酵Fungus 真菌Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology 免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Malaria 疟疾；瘴气Microorganism 微生物Microscopic 精微的Nucleus 细胞核Oxidation 氧化Parasitic disease 寄生虫病Pathogen 病菌Penicillin 青霉素Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiasis 血吸虫病Sterilization 杀菌Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Yeast 酵母第四类人类学与考古学Anthropology and archeology Excavate 挖掘excavation 出土Relics 文物古迹Stone Age 石器时代Iron Age 黑铁时代Bronze Age 青铜时代Neolithic 新石器时代Mesolithic 中石器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代Matriarchy 母系氏族Patrilineal 父系氏族Pottery 陶Ancient civilization 古代文明Antique 古董Archaic 古老的Artifact 人造物品Ascend 攀登Chronological 按年代排序的Clan 氏族Cranial 颅骨的Cultural relics 文物Exhume 掘出Hominid 原始人类Porcelain 瓷器Prehistoric 史前的Primitive 原始的Scoop 铲子Skull 头骨Tribe 部落第五类地理地质学Geography and geology美国五大湖：Huron 休伦湖Ontario 安大略湖Michigan 密歇根湖Erie 伊利湖Superior 苏比利尔湖Extinct volcano 死火山active volcano 活火山dormant 休眠火山Erupt 火山爆发eruption 爆发Magma 岩浆lava 岩浆Crater 火山口Core 地核Crust 地壳Mantle 地幔Layer/stratum 地层South Pole 南极North Pole 北极Antarctic 南极的Antarctica 南极洲Arctic 北极的Aurora 极光Equator 赤道Longitude 经度Latitude 纬度Altitude 海拔the Tropic of Cancer 北回归线the Tropic of Capricorn 南回归线Glacier 冰川Ice berg 冰山Seismology 地震学seismic waves 地震波Magnitude 震级Epicenter 震中Basin 盆地Plane 平原Plateau 高原Low land 低地Arm/gulf/bay 海湾the Great Salt Lake 大盐湖Yellowstone National Park 黄石公园Grand Canyon 大峡谷the Dead Valley 死谷Arid 干旱的Canal 运河Cleft 缝隙Cliff 悬崖Continental drift 大陆漂移Continental shelf 大陆架Contour 轮廓；等高线Cosmopolitan 世界性的Crack 裂缝Crest 山顶Debris 碎片Demolish 破坏；粉碎Deposit 堆积物；沉积物Diffuse 传播；扩散Disintegration 分解Elevation 抬高；高地Endemic 风土的；地方的Evaporation 蒸发Expedition 探险Extract 开采Fault plane 断层面Fieldstone 卵石Frost heaving 冻胀现象Geothermal 地热的Gorge 峡谷Hemisphere 半球Igneous rock 火成岩Incandescent 白炽的Infertile 贫瘠的Insular 海岛Insulate 隔离Ledge 矿脉Margin 边缘Marine 航海的Meridian 子午线Navigation 航海的Oasis 绿洲Offshore 离岸的Parallel 纬线Peninsula 半岛Precipice 悬崖Salinity 盐度Sediment 沉淀物Smelt 冶炼Strait 海峡Subsidiary 辅助的；补充的Subterrane 表层下基岩subterranean 地下的Tectonics 构造学Temperate 温带的Terrain 地形Terrestrial 地球的；陆地的Terrestrial magnetism 地磁Topography 地形；地形学Tropic 热带的Aluminum 铝Bonanza 富矿带Fault 断层Geologic survey 地质调查Geomagnetism 地磁学Granite 花岗岩Jurassic period 侏罗纪时期Landlocked area 内陆Lead 铅Limestone 石灰岩Lithosphere 岩石圈Lower reach 下游Metamorphic rock 变质岩Nickel 镍Northern Hemisphere 北半球Petrify 石化Platinum 白金；铂Quartz 石英Ravine 峡谷Reclaim 开垦Sedimentary rock 沉积岩Seismic prospecting 地震勘探Seismograph 地震仪Sodium 钠Speculate 推测Swamp 沼泽Sulfur 硫磺Tributary 支流Tropical rain forest 热带雨林Vertical 垂直的Watershed 分水岭Zinc 锌第六类法学Law庭审的三种方式：trial=prosecution 审判（private/public）、arbitration 仲裁、hearing 听证会Defendant 被告Prosecutor 刑事原告Plaintiff 民事原告Cop 警察Attorney 律师Judge 法官Suit 上诉Appeal 申诉appealent 申诉人Aerdict 陪审团意见Judgement 二审最终结果Jury panel 陪审团Capital punishment 极刑Sentence 刑期第七类商科Business and economyCompete competition competitorFree/pure compete 自由竞争Monopolistic compete 垄断竞争Supply and demand 供求Surplus 盈余Deficit 赤字run in redBoycott 联合抵制Devaluation 贬值Bubble economy 泡沫经济GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值GNP gross national product 国民生产总值CPI consumer price index 消费价格指数Anti-dumping 反倾销Revenue/duty/tax 税收The federal 美联储Marketing: do market research (segmentation 市场细分/high-eral/low-eral) Sales: pre-sales after-sales第八类文学LiteratureRealism 现实主义Surrealism 超现实主义Modernism 现代主义Postmodernism 后现代主义Romance of three kingdoms 三国演义Red dreams of mansion 红楼梦Western journey 西游记Outlaws of marsh 水浒传Biography 传记文学Autobiography 自传Essay 杂记Prose 散文Epic 史诗Criticism 文学评论Thriller 恐怖小说Detective story 侦探小说Novel/fiction（虚构的）小说Editorial 社论的Leading character 主人公Legend 传说Proverb 谚语Schools of literature 文学流派第九类艺术Music Accompaniment 伴奏Aestheticism 唯美主义Allegory 寓言Ballad 民谣Epilogue 尾声Serenade 小夜曲Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Time 节拍Architecture 建筑Art gallery 美术馆Autograph 真迹Calligraphy 书法Cathedral 大教堂Imitating 临摹Impressionistic style 印象派风格Landscape painting 山水画Mosque 清真寺Panorama 全景画Perspective 透视画法Portrait 肖像画Sketch 素描The statue of liberty 自由女神像The triumphal arch 凯旋门第十类哲学Philosophy Socrates 苏格拉底Plato 柏拉图Aristotle 亚里士多德The republic 理想国The law 法律Idealism 唯心主义Materialism 唯物主义Ration 理性emotion 感性第十一类气象学Meteorology Formation 形成Hail 冰雹Atmosphere 大气层Stratosphere 平流层Troposphere 对流层Current-air 气流Mass 气团warm/coldVapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发Droplet 小水珠Ice crystal 冰晶体Stratum 地层Updraft air 上升气流Downdraft air 下沉气流Temperate zone 温带Tropical 热带Frigid 寒带亚前加sub~Dew 露珠Mist 薄雾Drizzle 毛毛雨Avalanche snow 雪崩Tornado 龙卷风Blizzard 暴雪Tsunami 海啸Balmy 温和的Barometer 气压计Convection 对流Cumulonimbus 积雨云Damp 潮湿的Devastation 破坏Downpour 倾盆大雨Humidity 湿度Monsoon 季风Precipitation 降水Tempest 暴风雨Tepid 微温的Torrential rain 暴雨Tropical depression 热带低气压Typhoon 台风Wind scale 风级Wind velocity 风速第十二类天文学Astronomy Comet 彗星Star 恒星Planet 行星Mercury 水星Venus 金星Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星Planet solar system 太阳系Asteroid belt 小行星带Meteor 流星Rotation 自转Revolution 公转Galaxy 银河Light year 光年Constellation 星座Sign 属相Orbit 轨道Astrology 占星术Ammonia 氨Astronaut 宇航员Astronomical object 天体Big dipper 北斗七星Celestial 天上的celestial body 天体Centrifugal force 离心力Centripetal force 向心力第十三类生理学PhysiologyNeutron nerve cell 神经元细胞Conduct bioelectricity 传导生物电Gliacell 胶质细胞：support neutron、conduct chemistryNuclear 细胞核Cytoplasm 细胞质Membrane 细胞膜Cell-wall 细胞壁Enzyme 酶Chromosome 染色体Gene mutation 基因突变Mutation of species 物种突变第十四类物理、化学和农业Physics、Chemistry and Agriculture Element table 元素周期表Platinum 铂金Aluminum 铝Lead 铅Nickel 镍Magnesium 镁Sodium 钠Uranium 铀Calcium 钙Mercury 水银Oxygen 氧Nitrogen 氮Ammonia 氨Silicon 硅Sulfur 硫Atom 原子Molecule 分子Nuclear 核Proton 质子Neutron 中子Electron 电子Particle 粒子Acceleration 加速度Acceleration of gravity 重力加速度Acoustics 声学Anode 正极Cathode 负极Combustion 燃烧Conservation of energy 能量守恒Decomposition 分解Dilution 稀释Distillation 蒸馏Electrode 电极Fluorescence 荧光Inorganic chemistry 无机化学Isotope 同位素Magnet 磁铁Mechanics 力学Newton’s laws of motion 牛顿运动定律Optics 光学Reagent 试剂Reduction 还原Reflection 反射Refraction 折射Resonance 共振Solution 溶液Test tube 试管Ultrasonic 超声波Ultraviolet ray 紫外线Uniform motion 匀速运动Voltage 电压Aquaculture 水产业Arable 可耕的Conservatory 温室Fertile 肥沃的Fodder 饲料Garlic 大蒜Granary 谷仓Graze 放牧Haystack 干草堆Horticulture 园艺Husbandry 管理Hydroponics 水耕法Indigenous 本土的Livestock 家畜Orchard 果园Plantation 种植园Prolific 多产的Silt 淤泥Tractor 拖拉机。
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单词是听力的基础，所以单词先行；背单词的时候要注意：1. 背单词的时候一定要记读音；2. 同学每次要背两个list单词；list 1：freshman 大一新生exchange student 交换生transfer student 转学生librarian 图书管理员key words 或者search criteria 关键字criteria （criterion的复数）标准section 部分stack n./v.堆堆叠】shelf书架shelve搁置，把..放在架上check out 借（书）loan period (借书的)期限deadline 或者due date截止日期return 还书recall 召回renew 续借fine罚金suspend 中止borrowing privilege 借书权利reserve 预留Put…on reservedatabase 数据库journal期刊review n./v.复习，审查，评论summary/ abstract 摘要Photocopy 复印photocopier复印机Printed version打印版electronic format电子版Laptop手提电脑power 电源，力量Plug in / hook up 与….连接上如plug in for power front desk前台fund n. 基金v. 拨款，资助refund n./v.退款list 2：打工场景position职位岗位application 申请hire/ recruit 招聘，招募vacant/ open 工作空缺job fair/ career fair招聘会resume /ˈrezjuːmeɪ/ n 简历resume /rɪˈzjuːm/ v. 重新开始，恢复继续interview 面试intern实习生n./v.internship实习n.probation试用期schedule n./v. 日程安排switch n./v.转换quit辞职tutor 辅导老师advancement 晋升，提升advance n./v./adj. 促进，前进，增长advanced 先进的，高级的in advance 提前beforehand adv. 事先recommend v. 推荐recommendation n.选课注册场景词sign up XX course选课required course必修课Selective/elective/optional course选修课basic/ introductory course 初级课intermediate course 中级课程drop/quit a course退课drop off 把..放下credit修学分cancel取消verify /ˈverifai/ vt. 证实dean [di:n]n.院长；系主任department 院系department chair /chairperson n.系主任enroll v.登记graduate student 研究生undergraduate 本科生graduate schoolalumni [ə'lʌmnaɪ]n. 校友总称或者男校友identify [iaɪ'dentɪfaɪ]v. 识别, 鉴定, 认明; 认同; 感同身受; 一致list 3：校园生活和活动场景词auditorium [ˌɔ:diˈtɔ:riəm]n.礼堂，会堂chorus [ˈkɔ:rəs] =choir[ˈkwaiə]n.合唱队concert [ˈkɔnsət]n.音乐会rehearsal [riˈhə:səl]n.排练，预演rehearse [ ri'h s ] v.彩排，排练construction [kənˈstrʌkʃən]n.建筑施工request [riˈkwest] vt./n.请求requirement n. 要求permission 允许approval n.赞成，批准approve v. 赞成，批准区别prove 证明dorm 宿舍string quartet 弦乐四重奏orchestra 管弦乐队violin 小提琴cello 大提琴administrative 行政的assistant 助理secretary 秘书editor 编辑gym 健身房poster 海报flyer 传单announcement 通知，公告bulletin board 公告栏bulletin ['bulətn ] 简报，告示faculty 技能，教职工dining hall 就餐大厅cafeteria 自助食堂retire 退休versatile ['vɜːsətaɪl] adj.（人）多才多艺的（物）多功能的tone [təun] n.音调recital 独奏会，独唱会soloacoustic [əˈku:stik]a. 声学，听觉的list 4：论文场景词：narrow v. 使变窄，缩小，限制narrow downscope 范围，眼界，见识，视野telescope望眼镜microscope 显微镜microscopic 极小的a wider range of 大范围的.Mountain range 山脉first draft初稿revise 改写；修改，修订be related todelete 删除rewrite 重写extension 延期extend v.to some extent 在某种程度上grade 分数成绩low 低lower 更低high 高higherhand in 提交，上交submitformat 格式版式设计paper 论文试卷试题thesis 论文（如毕业论文）dissertation （专题，学术，博士）论文article 文章物件bonus 红利，奖金impress 使有印象impression 印象present v.呈现，赠送adj. 现在的n.礼物presentation 介绍，陈述展示，spoken report exhibit n./v.展示exhibition 展览，陈列list 5：天文学基础词汇solar 太阳的planet 行星plant 植物galaxy 银河composition [‚kɒmpə'zɪʃn]组成，作文，创作compose创作，组成v. composer form 形成v. 表格，形式n.rotation 旋转（自转）rotate v.orbit n.轨道v. 绕..轨道运行（公转）motion 运动，（天体）的运行terrestrial 陆地的地球的gas giant 气态巨星core 核心mantle地幔['mæntl]crust地壳metal 金属['metl]mental 内心的，精神的['mentl]Mercury [ˈmə:kjuri]n. 水星Venus [ˈvi:nəs]n. 金星Earth [ə:θ]n. 地球Mars [mɑ:z]n. 火星Jupiter [ˈdʒu:pitə]n. 木星Saturn ['sætən]n. 土星Uranus ['juərənəs]n. 天王星Neptune ['neptju:n]n. 海王星Pluto ['plu:təu]n.冥王星（矮行星）spot n.斑点，污点；v. 认出，发现sunspot 太阳黑子volcano 火山magma 岩浆lava 熔岩crater 火山口，弹坑，陨石坑eruption 喷发comet 彗星asteroid 小行星asteroid belt 小行星带ultra-violet ray 紫外线radiation 辐射land 登陆v.moon 月球，卫星moon-landing 登月spectrum ['spektrəm]光谱spectroscopy [ spek'trɒskəpi ] 光谱学debris [ 'deiˌbr i:] n.残骸，碎片。
【地质学；地理学】岩屑。
list 6：生物学基础词汇lifespan 寿命lifetimehabitat 栖息地mate v. 交配n.伙伴（classmate，roommate）reproduce 繁殖generate 生产导致发生generation 产生一代（from generation to generation）hatch 孵化hatchling （孵化出来的）幼崽sibling 兄弟姐妹breed 养育grow up 成长逐渐形成mammal 哺乳动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian 两栖动物/两栖的[am'phib·i·an] prey 猎物predator 食肉动物，捕食者inhabit 居住于inhabitant 居民organic 有机的organism 有机物生物microorganism 微生物inorganic 无机的photosynthesis ['fəʊtəʊ'sɪnθɪsɪs]光合作用synthesis ['sɪnθɪsɪs] n.合成，综合synthesize ['sɪnθəsaɪz] v.合成plant 植物depend on 依靠ecosystem 生态系统protect 保护protection 保护environment 环境adapt 适应adaptation 适应n.evolve 进化发展v.evolution 进化进展immortal[ɪ'mɔːt(ə)l] adj.不朽的/永久的cell 细胞divide v. 分裂，划分division 分裂n.cell wall [sel-wɔːl] n.细胞壁gene 基因genetic 遗传的protein 蛋白质[ 'prəuˌt n ]amino acid[ə,mi:nəu 'æsid] n.氨基酸fertilizer [ˈfɚtlˌaɪzɚ]使…受精n.肥料secret [‘sikri:t] v.分泌tissue [ˈtiʃu:]n.组织vessel [‘vesəl] n.血管immune system [iˈmju:n] n.免疫系统fungi [‘fʌndʒai] n.真菌类antibiotic [ˌæntibaiˈɔtik]n.抗生素antibody [‘ænti’bɔdi] n.抗体vaccine [‘væksi:n] n.疫苗nutrient [‘nju:triənt] n. 营养物质calorie [ˈkæləri]卡路里（热量单位）toxic [‘tɔksik] adj.有毒的poisonous ['pɔɪznəs] adj. 有毒的venomous 有毒的venom [ 'venəm ] 毒液botany植物学paleontology[ˌpæliəuˈliθik]a.古生物algae ['ældʒi:]n.藻类burrow [ˈbʌrəu]n.洞穴territorial[ˌteriˈtɔ:riəl]a.领地的osmosis [ɔzˈməusis]n.渗透，渗透作用hibernation [ˌhaibəˈneiʃən]n.冬眠hibernate v 冬眠dormant adj. 休眠的，冬眠的vocalization [,vəukəlaizʃən,-li'z-]n. 发声dye [daɪ] n.染料list 7：地质学基础词汇continent大陆continental 大陆的drift 漂流漂移（n&v）continental drift 大陆漂移ocean 海洋lake 湖泊stream 溪流gulf 海湾river 河流current n. 水流adj. 现在的plate 盘子，板块plate tectonics 板块构造论tectonic [ tek'tɒnik ]a. 构造的；建筑的fault 断层，过错geology 地质学geological feature 地质特征date [deɪt] n. 日期；约会;; 约会对象v. 确定...的年代; 和...约会;注明...的日期; lead 铅（Pb= plumbum ['plʌmbəm]）Uranium [jʊ'reɪnɪəm]n. 铀aquifer [ 'ækwifə ]n.蓄水层。