2019届上海高三英语二模汇编--十一选十(学生版)

2019届高三英语二模汇编——十一选十

1、2019黄浦二模

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.

The Next Frontier: Using Thought to Control Machines

Technologies are often billed as transformative. For William Kochevar, the

term is justified. Mr Kochevar is paralysed below the shoulders after a cycling

accident, yet has managed to feed himself by his own hand. This 31

progress is partly thanks to electrodes, implanted in his right arm, which stimulate

muscles. But the real magic lies higher up. Mr Kochevar can control his arm

using the power of thought. His intention to move is 32 in neural(神经的)

activity in his motor region; these signals are detected by implants in his brain and

33 into commands to activate the electrodes in his arms.

An ability to decode thought in this way may sound like science fiction. But

brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) like the BrainGate system used by Mr Kochevar provide evidence that mind-control can work. Researchers are able to tell what words and images people have heard and seen from neural activity alone. Information can also be encoded and used to stimulate the brain. Over 300, 000 people have cochlear(耳蜗的) implants, which help them to hear by 34 sound into electrical signals and sending them into the brain. Scientists have “35 ” data into monkeys heads, instructing them to perform actions via electrical pulses.

As our Technology Quarterly in this issue explains, the pace of research into BCIs and the scale of its ambition are 36 . Both America’s armed forces and Silicon Valley are starting to focus on the brain. Facebook dreams of thought-to-text 37 . Kernel, a startup, has $100m to spend on neurotechnology. Elon Musk has formed a firm called Neuralink; he thinks that, if humanity is to survive the arrival of artificial intelligence, it needs an upgrade. Entrepreneurs imagine a world in which people can communicate using thoughts, with each other and with machines, or acquire 38 abilities, such as hearing at very high frequencies.

These powers, if they ever materialise, are decades away. But well before then, BCIs could open the door to wonderful new 39 . Imagine stimulating the visual region to help the blind, making new neural 40 in stroke victims or monitoring the brain for signs of depression. By turning the firing of neurons into a

The Historical Change of Reader’s Digest

During World War I, Mr. DeWitt Wallace was wounded in a battle. During his recovery in the hospital, he read a lot of magazines and (31) ___________ a lot of interesting information. At the same time, he also found that few people had time to read so many magazines that he realized the idea of excerpting (摘录) these articles and publishing them.

He was (32) ___________ to publish a pocket magazine they called Reader’s Digest with his wife Lila Acheson. They opened an office downstairs in an illegal hotel in Greenwich Village, New York, and spent only $5,000 in capital and began (33) __________ subscribers. After a period of hard work, the first volume was (34)