英语四级考试重点语法精选汇总
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（三）省略
1、在以 as, than, when, if, unless 等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些 状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词 be,主语又和主句的主语一致 a),或 者主语是 it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动 词 be)省略掉.
1）Look out for cars when crossing the street. When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side
大学英语四级语法精要
一、动词(时态，语态，用法，省略，一致性等)
（一）时态
1、主动形式
过去
现在
将来
过去将
来
一
did
do
will/shall
should/w
般
do
ould do
进
was/we
am/is/are
will/shall
/
行 re doing doing
be doing
完
had
have/has
years. 6、将来完成时(由 shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会 业已发生的事.
· I shall have finished this one before lunch. They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
preparations. 2） 宾补结构的被动语态: · She was called Big Sister by everybody.
4、短语动词 1）Vi. + adv.：The plane took off two hours late. 2）Vi. + prep.：They looked round the Cathedral. 3）Vi. + prep. (有被动语态)：She’s looking after her sister’s children. 4）Vi. + adv. + prep.：I began to look forward to their visits. 5）Vt. + O + adv.：Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.
（二）语态
1、可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:
· He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
· 能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”，
“相 信 ”等 意 义 的 动 词 ， 常 见 的 有 ：
was/were
行 being given
完
was/were
成 being given
完
/
成进行
given
am/is/are being given
am/is/are being given
/
/ shall be d/would be
given
given
/
/
/
Байду номын сангаас
/
/
/
· CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）
assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,unde
rstand 等。
· It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is
supposed to have been sunk.
I’ve been sitting in
the garden.
4、过去完成进行时(由 had been + ing 分词构成): 过去某个时刻
以前一直在进行的动作
· We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
5、将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作. · By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty
2、担当 be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不
同的意义。
· Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to
know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制) 3、双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态 1）双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变 为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变 为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多 数是把间接宾语变为主语。 · He was asked a number of questions at the press conference. Two days were allowed them for making the necessary
完成进行时。
· 时间状语从句当中的时态：
一般过去时
所有的过去
用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来
现在完成时
现在完成和将来完成
3、现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或
状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.
· I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
The children were brought up by their mother. 6） Vt. + adv. + O (无被动语态)：I am trying to give up smoking.
7）Vt. + O + prep.：We talked Donald into agreement.
will/shall
should/w
成 done
done
have done
ould have
done 用 于 虚
拟语气
完
had
have/has
/
/
成进行 been doing been doing
2、被动形式
过去
现在
将来
过去
将来
一
was/were
am/is/are
Will
shoul
般 given
进
1、在以 as, than, when, if, unless 等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些 状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词 be,主语又和主句的主语一致 a),或 者主语是 it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动 词 be)省略掉.
1）Look out for cars when crossing the street. When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side
大学英语四级语法精要
一、动词(时态，语态，用法，省略，一致性等)
（一）时态
1、主动形式
过去
现在
将来
过去将
来
一
did
do
will/shall
should/w
般
do
ould do
进
was/we
am/is/are
will/shall
/
行 re doing doing
be doing
完
had
have/has
years. 6、将来完成时(由 shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会 业已发生的事.
· I shall have finished this one before lunch. They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
preparations. 2） 宾补结构的被动语态: · She was called Big Sister by everybody.
4、短语动词 1）Vi. + adv.：The plane took off two hours late. 2）Vi. + prep.：They looked round the Cathedral. 3）Vi. + prep. (有被动语态)：She’s looking after her sister’s children. 4）Vi. + adv. + prep.：I began to look forward to their visits. 5）Vt. + O + adv.：Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.
（二）语态
1、可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:
· He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
· 能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”，
“相 信 ”等 意 义 的 动 词 ， 常 见 的 有 ：
was/were
行 being given
完
was/were
成 being given
完
/
成进行
given
am/is/are being given
am/is/are being given
/
/ shall be d/would be
given
given
/
/
/
Байду номын сангаас
/
/
/
· CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）
assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,unde
rstand 等。
· It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is
supposed to have been sunk.
I’ve been sitting in
the garden.
4、过去完成进行时(由 had been + ing 分词构成): 过去某个时刻
以前一直在进行的动作
· We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
5、将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作. · By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty
2、担当 be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不
同的意义。
· Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to
know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制) 3、双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态 1）双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变 为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变 为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多 数是把间接宾语变为主语。 · He was asked a number of questions at the press conference. Two days were allowed them for making the necessary
完成进行时。
· 时间状语从句当中的时态：
一般过去时
所有的过去
用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来
现在完成时
现在完成和将来完成
3、现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或
状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.
· I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
The children were brought up by their mother. 6） Vt. + adv. + O (无被动语态)：I am trying to give up smoking.
7）Vt. + O + prep.：We talked Donald into agreement.
will/shall
should/w
成 done
done
have done
ould have
done 用 于 虚
拟语气
完
had
have/has
/
/
成进行 been doing been doing
2、被动形式
过去
现在
将来
过去
将来
一
was/were
am/is/are
Will
shoul
般 given
进