桑提亚哥的硬汉形象分析

摘要

厄内斯特·海明威(1899-1961)是美国著名作家，他被公认为二十世纪全世界最重要和最杰出的作家之一。他经历曲折，参加过第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战。两次世界大战使他身心遭到严重创伤，因此他对世界前途感到失望，对人类命运持悲观态度，并推动他把有关人生的感慨流露于笔端。他创作了《永别了，武器》、《太阳照常升起》、《丧钟为谁而鸣》、《老人与海》等多部影响深远的作品。

在海明威的所有作品中，《老人与海》可谓是最著名的一部。他凭借该小说获得了1954年的诺贝尔文学奖。在该小说中，海明威阐述了诸如人独自迎接挑战与斗争、以极大的决心和勇气面对失败、“在压力下优雅地生存”等深刻主题。小说主人公桑提亚哥也成为文学史上著名的“硬汉”形象。该小说引起了广大读者和评论界的高度关注。而国内外评论界对海明威的研究最多的是“海明威式英雄”形象。

本文以海明威笔下桑提亚哥的硬汉形象为研究对象，分析其硬汉形象具有哪些含义，其次从作者的经历和社会根源两方面研究硬汉形象产生的原因，最后阐述硬汉形象所具有的现实意义。

关键词：海明威；《老人与海》；桑提亚哥；硬汉形象

ABSTRACT

Ernest Hemingway(1899-1961)，a famous Ameriean writer，is considered as one of the most important and outstanding writers of the 20th c entury of the world.His life was full of adventures.He took part in World War Ⅰand World War Ⅱ.The two wars left him serious wound both in his body and in his mind.He felt disappoinied with the world and the fate of human beings.Then，He began writing about his own experienees and feelings of the world.He wrote many influential books，such as A Farewell to Arms，The Sun Also Rises ，For Whom the Bell Tolls，and The O ld Man and the Sea.

Among his books，The Old Man and the Sea (1952) is the most famous one.The

novel made Hemingway win the Nobel Prize in 1954.In this novel Hemingway further explored the themes of man meeting challenges and struggling alone，showing extreme determination and courage in face of the defeats，and living with “grace under pressure”.And the main character Santiago becomes a typical “code hero” in literature. The novel has aroused the interest of many readers，and many critics have made comments on it. Those comments from critics mostly focus on “Hemingway Heroes”.

Taking Hemingway Santiago tough guy image for the study，which analyzed the meaning of having a tough guy image，and secondly on the causes for tough guy image generated from the author's experience and social causes both of the last elaborate practical significance tough guy image has.

Key words：Hemingway；The Old Man and the Sea；Santiago；Ture Man

目录

一、引言 (1)

二、老人的硬汉形象 (2)

（一）崇高的英雄形象 (2)

（二）壮烈的悲剧形象 ........................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

（三）深刻的象征形象 ........................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

（四）优雅的英雄形象 ........................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

二、硬汉形象产生的原因 ............................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

（一）作者的经历 ................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

（二）社会根源 .................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

三、硬汉形象的现实意义 ............................................................ 错误!未定义书签。结束语 ............................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。参考文献 ........................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。