Cognitive-BehavioralTherapy：认知行为疗法

Learned Helplessness and Depression
Seligman (Seligman, 1974; 1975; 1978) Depression is described in terms of learned helplessness Depression develops in individuals who perceive themselves as having little or no control over rewards and punishments in their environment
Cognitive Distortions
Magnification or minimization
Emotional reasoning “Should” statements
Cognitive Distortions
Labeling/mislabeling
Personalization
Learned Helplessness
Depression results from the individual's propensity to view negative events in their life as due to:
their own characteristics (internal attributions)
Sunday 9-10 Church 10-11 Church 11-12 Lunch 12-1 Go to movies 1-2 Movies 2-3 Study for test 3-4 Study for test 4-5 Swimming 5-6 Dinner 6-7 Study for test 7-8 TV/reading 8-9 TV/reading
All-or-nothing thinking
Overgeneralization Mental filter Disqualifying the positive
Cognitive Distortions
Jumping to conclusions
Mind reading The Fortune Teller error
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
October 9, 2007
CBT view of depression
Depression is related to the way individuals perceive and think about events in their environment Contribute to a negative view of the self, the world, and the future Feelings of self-blame, failure, and hopelessness Impact mood and other behaviors People with depression have cognitive distortions in their views of themselves, the world, and the future
• • • • • Misattributions Negative self-monitoring Short-term focus Excessively high performance standards Failure to self-reinforce
Cognitive Distortions
Treatment of Depres源自文库ive Disorders
Psychosocial Interventions, cont.
Behavior therapy
focuses on increasing pleasurable activities and events, and providing the youngster with the skills necessary to obtain more reinforcement
“it’s all my fault, I’m just not good with people, that’s just who I am”
factors that are unlikely to change (attributions of stability)
“I keep getting fired because I’m dumb, so why bother trying to get another job”
EVENT
THOUGHT
FEELING
BEHAVIOR
Treatment of Depressive Disorders
Psychosocial Interventions
Cognitive therapy
Identify, challenge, and modify negative thought processes
factors that are likely to have an influence on the individual across situations (global attributions)
Behavioral Views
Ferster (1974) and Lewinsohn (1974):
Depression may result from a lack of sufficient positive reinforcement in the environment
Lack of reinforcement can be caused by:
change in residence failure to display appropriate social skills Etc.