大三英国文学史绝对标准中文版
英国文学史刘炳善版
John Dryden
All for LoveAntonyand Cleopatra An Essay of Dramatic Poesy
Part 4. The eighteenth Century
Joseph Addison艾迪生
英国文学
Part 1. Old and medieval
Beowulf贝尔武甫(the national epic of the English people) stricking feature: alliteration, metaphors and understatements.
William Langland威廉。兰格伦
名诗：London;The Tiger
Robert Burns彭斯1759-1796
Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集
名诗：The Tree of Liberty自由村;Scots Wha-Hae苏格兰人;The Two Dogs两只狗;Holy Willie’s Prayer威利长老的祈祷;My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心呀在高原;A Red,Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰;John Anderson约翰·安德生,My Jo;A Man’s A Man for A’That不管身在何处都须保持尊严;Robert Bruce’s March toBannockburn
John Bunyan班扬1628-1688
The Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程;
The Life and Death of Mr Badman培德曼先生的一生
英国文学史及选读课件 1 History and Anthology
主要作家及作品选读
D.H.劳伦斯（D.H. Lawrence）：劳伦斯是现 代英国文学的重要作家之一，他的作品以探 讨人性、爱情和性为主题，代表作有《儿子 与情人》（Sons and Lovers）和《查泰莱 夫人的情人》（Lady Chatterley's Lover） 等。
文学特点与影响
文学特点
强调个性、情感、想象力和自然；反对古典主义的规则和约束；寻求新的创作 灵感和表达方式。
对后世影响
浪漫主义文学对后世产生了深远的影响，包括对现代主义、后现代主义等文学 流派的启示；对自然和情感的关注也影响了后来的生态批评和女性主义批评等 文学理论。
06
现代时期英国文学
背景介绍
作品和作家。
提高文学鉴赏能力
02
通过阅读和分析经典文学作品，培养学生的审美意识、文学感
受力和批判思维。
拓展文化视野
03
通过了解英国文学的历史背景、文化内涵和社会意义，增进学
生对英国文化的认识和理解。
英国文学史概述
古代和中世纪文学
包括古希腊罗马文学影响、中世纪宗教文学 和骑士文学等。
文艺复兴时期文学
04
18世纪英国文学
背景介绍
18世纪英国社会变革
文学市场的形成
18世纪的英国经历了工业革命、政治 变革和社会转型，这些变化对文学产 生了深远影响。
随着印刷技术的进步和出版业的发展 ，文学作品得以更广泛地传播，形成 了文学市场。
启蒙运动的影响
启蒙运动的思想家们强调理性、科学 和进步，这些观念在18世纪英国文学 中得到了体现。
英国文学简史及作品选读大纲目录
《英国文学史及作品选读》教学大纲一、课程说明1. 课程代码：1070138212. 课程中文名称：英国文学史及作品选读3. 课程英文名称：History and Selected Readings of English Literature4. 课程总学时数：325. 课程学分数：26. 授课对象：英语专业学生三年级7. 本课程的性质、地位和作用本课程为面向英语专业高年级学生开设的一门专业选修课，在学科体系中居重要地位。
要求学生以先修英语阅读、综合英语、英美文化和英美概况等课程为基础。
通过教学，使学生对英国文学有一个概观了解，同时初步培养学生对英国文学作品的鉴赏能力，增强学生对西方文学及文化的了解。
该课程有助于增强学生的语言基本功，丰富学生的人文知识、充实学生的文化修养，提高学生的精神素质。
二、教学基本要求1. 本课程的目的、任务英国文学史及文学作品包含着历史的记忆和哲学的睿智，是英语语言艺术的结晶。
本课程旨在介绍英国文学各个时期的主要文化思潮，文学流派，主要作家及其代表作，使学生对英国文学的发展脉络有一个大概的了解和认识，提高他们对文学作品的阅读鉴赏能力，并能掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法。
要求学生在阅读和分析英国文学作品的基础上了解英国的历史、社会、政治等方面的情况及传统，促进学生对西方文学及文化的了解，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性，培养学生对作品的洞察批判能力，从而丰富提升学生人文素养。
2. 本课程的教学要求了解英国文学的发展概况，熟悉发展过程中出现的历史事件，文学思潮，文学流派；熟悉具体作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色和所属流派；能读懂代表作家的经典作品，并能分析评介作品的主题思想，人物形象，篇章结构、语言特点、修辞手法、文体风格；能掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法，对重要的文学术语有相当的了解并能在文学批评中加以运用。
本课程以代表作家的经典作品的主题思想、人物形象、文体风格、语言特点及其在文学史上的地位与影响为教学重点。
最新英国文学史资料大三下学期
Beowulf: The legendary hero of an anonymous Old English epic believed to have been composed in the early eighth century. Major plot: Beowulf slays the monster Grendel and its mother, becomes king of the Geats, and dies fighting a dragon. The values conveyed by the work: courage, loyalty, love of honor 1．词义修辞格(Lexical Stylistic Devices)metaphor （比喻）, metonymy （借代）, personification （拟人）, irony （反语）, hyperbole （夸张）, understatement （低调）, euphemism （委婉语）, contrast （对照）2．结构修辞格(Syntactical Stylistic Devices) repetition （反复）,, parallelism （平行结构）, antithesis 反对rhetoric question （设问)3音韵修辞格(Phonetic Stylistic Devices)alliteration （头韵）onomatopoeia （拟声）Geoffrey Chaucer the first realistic writer, “father” of English Poetry and Master of the English Language.Born urban middle class ；In the service of the ruling class ； The diplomatic mission that sent Chaucer to Italy in 1372 . He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey , thus founding the “ Poets Corner”. 考：The Canterbury Tales: it is one of the landmarks of English literature, perhaps the greatest work produced in Middle English; Summary: As April comes, the narrator begins a pilgrimage to Canterbury from the Tabard Inn at Southwark. Twenty-nine people make the pilgrimage toward Canterbury and the narrator describes them in turn. The Host, suggests that on their way to Canterbury each pilgrim tell two tales, and on the way back two more. In The Prologue, Chaucer sets up the general structure of the tales and introduces each of the characters who will tell the tales. The characters who tell each of the tales are as important as the characters in the tales that they tell; The Prologue in essence serves as a guide. Chaucer only lived to write 24 tales. Some of the stories that remain are only fragments which have either been lost or were never completed by the author. The significance of The Canterbury Tales: a. It gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s time; b. The dramatic structure of the poem is highly commended; c. Chaucer’s gentle satire and mild irony made him a pioneering English humorist writer; d. Chaucer wrote in the London dialect of his day. In so doing Chaucer greatly increased the prestige of the English language. 考：An epic is a long oral narrative poem that operates on a grand scale and deals with legendary or historical events of national significance. The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its Drama Renaissance:two features, one is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature. another is the keen interest in the activities of humanity. humanism: emphasized the dignity and potential of the individual and the worth of life in this world. Shakespeare’s four Comedies The Merchant of Venice A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream Twelfth Night As You Like It Shakespeare ’s Four Tragedies Hamlet King Lear Macbeth Othello English revolution and restoration The weakening of the tie between monarchy and bourgeoisie The clashes between the King and Parliament The outburst of the English revolution The split within the revolutionary camp The bourgeois dictatorship and the restoration The religious cloak of the English revolution 考：Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the puritans. The puritans were originally members of a division of the Protestant Church, who came into existence in the reigns of Queen Elizabeth. they advocated highly religious and moral principles and wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices. John Milton (9 Dec 1608 – 8 Nov 1674) was an English poet, prose and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. Best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost. Three periods of John Milton’s writing caree r 1. early period: poems written in Cambridge and at Horton; 2. middle-aged period: political articles pamphlets; 3. the period of his old age: three giant works. Poems written in Cambridge and at Horton: 1. On the Morning of Ch rist’s Nativity 《基督诞生晨颂》, first important work 2. L’Allegro 《快乐的人》 Penseroso 《幽思的人》 3. Comus 《科玛斯》a mask 假面剧, in blank verse 4. Lycidas <利西达斯>,expressing the pathosof his friend Edward King’s prematuredeathWorks of his adult years:1. pamphlets on religious reform Of Reformation in England 《论英国改革》2. pamphlets on marriage and divorce: Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce 《离婚的戒律与学说》3. Areopagitica 《论出版自由” 》a prose work for the freedom of the press to answer Salmasius’ accusationMilton ’s Revolutionary Works4. Defence of the English People 《为英国人民声辩》5. The Second Defence of the English People 《再为英国人民声辩》Milton’s Works of Old Age1. Paradise Lost (masterpiece)失乐园》2. Paradise Regained 《复乐园》3. Samson Agonistes 力士参孙》 Analysis of Paradise Lost1. Milton’s mast erpiece.2. A long epic （史诗） in 12 books.3. taken from the Old Testament.4. Major characters: Satan, God, Archangel, Adam, Eve…5. It is about Satan’s rebellion against God and the expulsion(驱逐) of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden.Theme and Characterization1. The theme of the poem is a revolt against God’s authority. What do the main characters resemble?2. God: selfish despot 暴君,cruel, unjust3. Adam and Eve embody Milton’s belief in the powers of man,craving (longing) for knowledge.4. God’s an gels are foolish, resembling the court of an absolute monarch.5. Satan is a rebel against tyranny(专制，暴行) and Satan and his followers resemble a republican ParliamentThe Image of Satan 1. Satan is the real hero of the poem.2. He is firmer than the rest of the angels.3. He has an invincible(战无不胜的) heart.2. 4. Satan remains superior in nobility and welcomes his defeat and his torments as a glory, a liberty and a joy;5. Satan is the spirit questioning the authority of God.6. Milton makes Satan as his own mouthpiece(代言人). Milton’s handful of 少量的 sonnets(1) 18 English and 5 Italian sonnets ．(2) They are compact （文体简洁，紧凑） and well organized. (3) The language is simple and unadorned （不加修饰的）, but powerful.Brief Summary1. Milton was political in both his life and his art.Militant pamphleteer:富于战斗性的册子2. Milton wrote the greatest epic , Paradise Lost, in the English literature.omnipresent 无所不在的3. Milton is a master of the blank verse. In Paradise Lose, Milton acquired an absolute mastery of the blank verse.4. Milton is a great stylist.(biblical 圣经的; conscientious 认真的 rhetorical devices 修辞手段; Latinisms 拉丁语语言现象, resonance 反响, 共鸣)ton is admired for his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.Features of Milton’s works.(1) Milton is one of the very few truly great English writers who is also a prominent figure in politics, and who is both a great poet and an important prose writer.(2) Milton wrote many different types of poetry. He is especially a great master of blank verse. He learned much from Shakespeare and first used blank verse in non-dramatic works.(3) Milton is a great stylist. His style is noted for its dignity and polish, which is the result of his life-long classical and biblical study.(4) Milton has always been admired for his sublimity （崇高） of thought and majesty of expression. Blank verse: verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. It isthe verse form used in some of the greatest English poetry,including that of William Shakespeare and John Milton.Lyric : a poem, usually a short one, that expresses a speaker’s personal thoughts or feelings. The elegy, ode, and sonnet are allforms of the lyric.Defence of the English People 1) A pamphlet against the divine right(至高无上的权利) of the king.2) People made the king, so the king should do everything for thepeople.The Second Defence of the English People1) An answer to the productions against the Commonwealth.2) Fight for the liberty of the nations in the world and recover their lost liberty.John BunyanLike Milton, Bunyan is a remarkable figure in the 17th century English literature. While Milton voiced the Puritan ideals for the educated class, Bunyan spoke for the common people.Life:(1) poor family; (2) parliamentary army; (3) Baptist, society, preacher; (4) prison, writing the book.The Pilgrim's ProgressTo the contemporaries of John Bunyan The Pilgrim's Progress was a novel, a fairy tale. To a modern reader it is an allegory in which the author expands the metaphor of life as a journey to allegorize the life of a Protestant ChristianSummaryThe Pilgrim's Progress tells the spiritual pilgrimage of Christian, who flies from the City of Destruction. he falls into the Slough (a deep ditch) of Despond, but frees himself with the assistance of Help, and so begins his journey to the Celestial City. He fights with Apollyon in the Valley of Humiliation and suffers in Vanity Fair. He is almost overcome in Doubting Castle by Giant Despair , but at last reaches the Delectable Mountains and the Land of Beulah He then crosses the River of Death and is received into the Celestial City.AnalysisThe Pilgrim's Progress warns that a Christian in search of salvation will meet many difficulties—various kinds of temptation and trials. Only by steadfastness and faithfulness can he win the way to Heaven. In a more general sense, Christian can really be any man who struggles through life searching for goodness. The basic metaphor of the book is “Life is a journey.”Alexander Pope亚历山大·蒲柏(May 22, 1688 – May 30, 1744)is considered one of the greatest English poets of the eighteenth century.Essay on Criticism评论集The Rape of the Lock卷发遭劫记The Dunciad 愚人志考：Essay on Man人论Jonathan Swift乔纳森·斯威夫特Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记(1726) and A Modest Proposal一个小小的建议(1729),. He devoted much of his writing to the struggle for Ireland against the English hegemony.Robert Burns 1759-1796Scottish poet and writer of traditional Scottish folk songs, whose works are known and loved wherever the English language is read.Auld Lang Syne :Burns heard an old man sang this folk and recorded it then overwrote it which afterwards became the famous song with a Chinese name《友谊地久天长》。
英国文学史--最全总结中英
盎格鲁撒克逊时代426—1066盎格鲁诺曼时代1066—1350Chaucder乔叟时代 1350—1485莎士比亚时代1564—1636清教徒时代 Puritan 1636—1660古典主义时代 1660—1744约翰逊时代 1744—1785浪漫主义时代1786—1832维多利亚时代 1832—1900现代第一章Anglo-Saxon （426—1066）旧约：上帝创世纪新约：耶稣古英语诗歌分为的世俗的1.Beowulf 史诗（三千行的长诗，关于英雄战绩的故事）2.文字来源于日耳曼系3.基督教的文学：瑞特文的故事Caedmon第二章Angol-Norman（1066—1350）中世纪英语：基督教义，自我拯救1.传奇文学---传奇的兴起Romances1）容：传奇好像现在的长篇，有诗，有散文唯一的描写古代的高贵的英雄所经历的冒险生活和恋爱故事。
2）产生：传奇文学完全是由中世纪的“骑士制度”(Chivalry)所产生的，骑士制度的精神产物就是传奇文学所以他们和平民丝毫没有关系，且平民也绝写不出这一类的文字。
3）分类：不列颠的事迹 the matter of Britain法国的事迹罗马的事迹第三章：乔叟的时代（1350—1458）背景：百年战争（The Hundred’s War）1.Geoffrey Chaucer：文艺复兴以前，英国文学界最伟大的人物。
The Canterbury Tales1）三个阶段：第一时期--早年—模仿法国简短的情歌和寓言第二时期—研究意大利文艺的时期第三时期—在文学上成功的时期，为他自己以国文写作的时期2）．近代诗人英文作家中，第一个以浪漫作风写男女日常生活的人3）.特点：反对迫害，反对禁欲，文艺复兴的报春者a他在英语上发明音调b他把英国中部的日常言语加以修改，以告成英文与英国文学。
c完美的音律，倾向于音乐化d 创设接近社会生活的作品；眼光思想都很广阔；音乐的眼光第四章：民间文学1．歌谣的来源：歌德Geothe说：民歌的价值，全在直接从“自然“中得到它的原动力。
梁实秋《英国文学史》简介
梁实秋《英国文学史》简介梁实秋《英国文学史》简介【梁实秋《英国文学史》内容简介】梁实秋先生最重要的学术遗产七年之功成百万言巨著大师晚年收山之作美文式的学术经典愉悦丰盈的阅读体验知人论世古雅厚重如入宝山国内首次单独出版我在学校讲授过几遍英国文学史，累积了若干讲义札记，久已想加整理，编写为一部中文的英国文学史，病懒迄未执笔。
曾经几度计议约集同道，分就篇章，合力以赴，但亦未能如愿。
直到我六十五岁退休，以数年之力译完我久未译完的《莎士比亚全集》，到了七十岁左右才得开始全力编写这一部《英国文学史》。
迟暮之年，独荷艰巨，诚然是不自量力。
历时七载有余，勉强终篇，如释重负。
《英国文学史》可以归在教科书式的一类。
注重的是事实，而非批评。
我假想中的读者是一般喜爱文学而又想知道英国文学梗的人。
对于通晓英文的读者，我希望此书仍能多少具有参考的价值，研究文学应以文学作家与作品之认识为主，故此书对于各个作家之生平及其主要作品之内容特为注意，或详或略的加以叙述。
各个时代之背景则于每章之首略作说明。
【梁实秋简介】梁实秋(1903-1987)，中国现代著名散文家、学者、文学批评家、译家。
早年留学美国，回国以后曾在清华、北大等大学任教，一生为中国文坛留下了两千多万字的文字创作，早年以文艺批评享誉文坛，后着力于散文和译，并以其散文集创造了中国现代散文著作出版的最高纪录。
代表作有《雅舍小品》、《英国文学史》、《莎士比亚全集》。
【梁实秋《英国文学史》精彩书摘】一、岛上早期的人最初英格兰不是一个岛，是和欧洲大陆相连的。
纪元前二十万年左右即有人迹，那是属于旧石器时代最后“间冰期”的人类。
他们是矮小的猎者，在辽阔苔原上游荡。
到了纪元前一万年左右，英格兰开始有了如今的岛的形式。
后来肤色较黑的新石器时代的`人从北欧移动，他们是游牧民族，驱赶着牛群，挥动着战斧，大约在纪元前二千年左右即已横行于英格兰。
纪元前二千年代之初，法兰西及低地国家的人入侵，不列颠的铜器时代于焉开始。
英国文学史简介(中文版)
Early and Medieval English Literature(449-1485)英国中世纪文学史大致可分为盎格鲁-撒克逊（The Anglo-Saxon Period,449-1066）和中古英语（The Middle English Period,1066-1485）两个时期。
公元前八九世纪高卢（Gaul,今法国）人迁入不列颠岛，成为英国最早的居民。
公元1世纪至410年，英伦三岛为罗马人占领。
449年开始，北欧日耳曼部族的朱特人（Jutes）、盎格鲁人（Angles）和撒克逊人（Saxons）陆续入侵不列颠。
他们的语言——盎格鲁-撒克逊语（Anglo-Saxon）或古英语（Old English）——也开始广为传播。
597年，奥古斯丁（Saint Augustine,?-604）率40余名修士来到英格兰传教，基督教开始在不列颠岛盛行。
盎格鲁-撒克逊时代最重要的文学作品是长达3 000多行的头韵史诗《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf,700-750）,讲述了一个斯堪的纳维亚的民间传说。
古英语散文的杰出代表是比德（the Venerable Bede,673-735）的《英吉利人民宗教史》（Ecclesiastical History of the English People,731-732）,其中包括英国第一宗教诗人开德蒙（Caedmon）充满神奇色彩的生平事迹。
该作品用拉丁文写成，后译成英文，是了解早期英国历史的珍贵史料。
公元891年，韦塞克斯(Wessex)国王艾尔弗雷德（Alfred，849-901）开始组织修士汇编《盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史》(The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle),后人一直续编至1154年。
这是第一部用英语写成的散文巨著，文风简约、质朴，对英国散文的发展产生了深远的影响。
1066年，诺曼底公爵威廉（William,Duke of Normandy）打败英军，夺得王位，成为英国威廉一世（William I）,史称“诺曼征服”（the Norman Conquest）.此后今300年的时间里，法语一直是英国统治阶层的语言，教会学者用拉丁文写作，英语只在民众中通用，以至于在12世纪之前几乎没有用英文写成的文学作品。
英国文学简史期末考试复习要点 刘炳善版(英语专业大三必备)
英国文学史资料British Writers and WorksI. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.e.g. Homer’s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:ing alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）Some examples on P5ing metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement isa typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)The father of English poetry.It is ____alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的，广泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A )A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Matin LutherC. William LanglandD. John Gowerwriting style: wisdom, humor, humanity.① <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③ <The House of Fame>声誉之宫Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three：King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the EnglishRenaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:1.new discoveries in geography and astrology2.the religious reformation and economic expansion3.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1.E dmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
(完整word版)英国文学史及选读作者及作品(word文档良心出品)
英国文学史及选读作者及作品一、盎格鲁-撒克逊时期The Anglo-Saxon Period※《贝奥武甫》“The Song of Beowulf”《浪游者》“Widsith”or “The Traveller’s Song”《航海家》“Seafarer”二、盎格鲁-诺曼时期The Anglo-Norman Period※《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ”杰弗里《史记》Geoffrey’s “History”莱亚门《布鲁特》Laysmon’s “Brust”《罗兰之歌》“Chanson de Roland”三、乔叟时期Geoffrey Chaucer (1340?-1400)※《坎特伯雷故事集》“The Canterbury Tales”《玫瑰传奇》“Romance of the Rose”《好女人的故事》“The Legend of Good Women”《声誉殿堂》“The House of Fame”《百鸟会议》“The Parliament of Fowls”《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》“Troilus and Gressie”大众民谣Popular Ballads※《罗宾汉和阿林代尔》“Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale””※《起来，去关门》“Get Up and Bar the Door”※《派屈克·斯宾塞爵士》“Sir Patrick Spens”托马斯·帕西《英诗辑古》Bishop Thomas Percy ”Reliques of Anciet English Poetry”兰格论《农夫皮尔期》“The Vision of Piers, the Plowman”四、文艺复兴时期The Renaissance1．威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare(1564-1616)1590《亨利六世》第二部The Second Part of “King Henry Ⅵ”《亨利六世》第三部The Third Part of “King Henry Ⅵ”1591《亨利六世》第一部The First Part of “King Henry Ⅵ”1592《理查三世》“The Life and Death of King Richard Ⅲ”《错误的喜剧》“The Comedy of Errors”1593《泰特斯·安德鲁尼克斯》”Titus Andronicus”《驯悍记》“The Taming of the Shrew”1594《维洛那两绅士》“The Two Gentlemen of Verona”《爱的徒劳》“Love’s Labour’s Lost”《罗密欧与朱丽叶》“Romeo and Juliet”1595《理查二世》“The Life and Death of King Richard Ⅱ”《仲夏夜之梦》“A Midsummer Night’s Dream”1596《约翰王》“The Life and Death of King John”※《威尼斯商人》“The Merchant of Venice”1597《亨利四世》第一部The First Part of “King Henry Ⅳ”《亨利四世》第二部The Second Part of “King Henry Ⅳ”1598《无事生非》“Much Ado About Nothing”《温莎的风流娘儿们》”The Merry Wives of Windsor”《亨利五世》”The Life of King Henry Ⅴ”1599《尤利乌斯·凯撒》“The Life and Death of Julius Caesar”《皆大欢喜》”As You Like It”1600《第十二夜》“Twelfth Night ,or, What You Will”※1601《哈姆雷特》“Hamlet, Prince of Denmark”1602《特洛伊洛斯与克瑞西达》“Troilus and Cressida”《终成眷属》“All’s Well That Ends Well”1604《一报还一报》“Measure for Measure”《奥塞罗》“Othello, the Moore of Venice”1605《李尔王》”King Lear”《麦克白》“The Tragedy of Macbeth”1606《安东尼和克莉奥佩特拉》“Antony and Cleopatra”1607《科里奥拉鲁斯》”The Tragedy of Coriolanus”《雅典的泰门》“Timon of Athens”1608《佩里克利斯》“Pericles, Prince of Tyre”1609《辛白林》“Cymbeline, King of Britain”1610《冬天的故事》“The Winter’s Tale”《暴风雨》“The Tempest”《亨利八世》“The Life of King Henry Ⅷ”Poems《维纳斯与阿多尼斯》“Venus and Adonis”《露克丽丝受辱记》“Lucrece”※《十四行诗》“Sonnets”2。
英国文学史笔记(上外)
Restoration Age
Literary Characteristics Renounced old ideas and demanded that English poetry and dream should follow the style which they had become accustomed in the gaiety of Paris. On the whole they were immoral and cynical. French influence Rimed couplets instead of blank verse, the unities, a more regular construction, and the presentation of tryes rather than individual The comedies are coarse in language and their view of the relation between man and won is immoral and dishonest. John Dryden
2. The next is the cynicism which marks certain of the lighter poems and which represents a conscious reaction from the extreme idealization of woman encouraged by the Patrarchan tradition.
英国文学课程标准
英国文学课程标准一、课程概述（一）课程性质《高等学校英语语言文学专业教学大纲》规定，语言文学专业课程设置应划分为三块：专业基础课程、专业核心课程和相关专业方向课程。
根据教学大纲要求，该课程被设定为英语语言文学专业第五学期专业核心课程之一。
“英国文学史及选读”是概述英国文学的整体发展过程及其基本特征，为学生提供英国文学发生发展整体概貌的课程，讲授时做到以文学理论为指导，以充实的史料为基础，介绍英国文学史中的重要流派、代表作家及其作品的艺术特点与文学风格，梳理并挖掘各种文学现象背后的深刻思想基础与文化背景，全面展现与正确定位该文学作品的独特艺术魅力与美学品格。
通过一个学期的讲授，使学生对英国文学的渊源和发展以及英国文学史上的重要作家及其作品有较为详尽的了解，初步具备独立阅读和赏析英语文学原著的能力，同时进一步提高其语言理解和表达能力以及人文素养，培养和检验学生对英国文学基本理论知识的理解和掌握，同时为他们进一步的学习和研究提供学术基础。
本课程是英语专业核心课程。
本课程内容为学习英语语言必不可少的文学原著，因为在很大程度上英国文学决定了英语语言的风格甚至内容。
本课程选取的都是英国文学史上的主要作家的主要作品，让学生在阅读和欣赏名家名作的同时，提高语言基本功和人文素质，进而增强对英国文学和文化的了解。
（二）课程定位英国文学课包括英国文学史和英国文学选读两个方面的内容。
我院将英国文学史和英国文学选读结合为一门课程开设，即以史为纲，史选结合的方法讲授英国文学课。
采用这种方式，教师在讲授文学史的同时也讲授文学选读。
教师每介绍完一位作家之后，适当地讲一些他的作品。
这样，文学史和文学选读紧密地结合起来，使学生加深了对作家及其作品的了解，同时也使他们增加了英语语言知识。
授课要采用启发式、讨论式，充分调动学生的积极性和独立思考问题的潜力，防止“填鸭式”教学。
可采用教师讲解与学生讨论相结合的方式，教师要组织学生进行阅读，并对人物性格、作品结构、艺术特点及思想内容进行分析。
《英国文学简史》刘炳善中文版
《英国文学简史》刘炳善中文版《英国文学简史》刘炳善中文版2010-09-09 21:00第一部分:早期和中世纪英国文学第一章:英国的组成1、大不列颠人(英国人)在开始学习英国文学史之前，了解一下英国这个民族是很必要的。
英国这个民族是一个混血族。
早期居住在这个岛上的居民是凯尔特人的一个部落，我们现在称它为大不列颠人。
大不列颠人把这个岛屿命名为大不列颠岛，凯尔特人是其原始居民。
他们分为几十个小部落，每个部落都以小屋群居为主。
"最古老的凯尔特人法律今天归结起来显示出氏族任然充满着生命力"。
英国人曾生活在部落社会。
2、罗马人的占领在公元前55年，大不列颠岛被罗马征服者凯撒入侵，而这是的凯撒刚刚占领了高卢。
但是罗马人刚登上大不列颠岛海岸时，就遭到了在首领领导下的大不列颠人的狮子般疯狂的反击，随着罗马将领来来往往的这个世纪，直到公元78年英国从被于罗马帝国完全征服过。
伴随着罗马人的侵略占领，罗马式的生活方式也开始融入英国。
罗马式剧院和澡堂很快的在城镇中兴起。
而这些高雅的文明只不过是罗马侵略者的娱乐享受方式罢了，大不列颠人民却像奴隶一样被压迫着。
罗马人的占领持续了将近400年，在这期间，罗马人因其军事目的在岛上修建了后来被称之为罗马路的纵横交错的公路，这些公路在后期发展中起到了很大的作用。
沿着这些公路开始建立起大量的城镇，伦敦就是其中之一，开始成为重要的贸易中心城市。
罗马的占领也带来了基督教文化。
但是在15世纪初期，罗马帝国处于逐渐的衰落阶段。
公元410年，所有罗马军队撤回欧洲大陆再也没有返回。
因此，也标志这罗马人占领的结束。
3、英国人的占领同时，大不列颠也被成群的海盗给侵略着。
他们是来自北欧的三个部落:盎格鲁人，撒克逊人和朱特人民族。
这三个部落在大不列颠海岸登路，把大不列颠人民赶到西部和北部，然后自己定居下来。
朱特人占领了岛屿东南部的肯特。
撒克逊人占领了岛屿南部地区，并建立起像韦塞克斯，埃塞克斯和东萨塞克斯这样的小王国。
大三下英国文学史及作品选读
NO.1 what does the poem by repeating "every" in the second stanza?The three ‗in every‘ are obvious parallelism in the second line.Blake repeatedly uses the word "every" in the second stanza to symbolize the depression that hovers over the entire society and stress these feelings of being imprisoned and trapped. The repeated use of word "every" implies that the miseries that are not suffered only by particular individuals but by ―every man‖ and ―every infant‖. In a sense, these miserable sufferings are uni versal. NO.2 What is London like under Blake's pen?‗London‘, which had been written in 1794 is a lyric. At the time, the Britain had been capitalism for centuries. The society became more decayed as the time past. For express the dissatisfaction to the society, the author wrote the poem. Blake opened out the reality that the society moldered day by day. The distance between rich and poor were larger and larger. More and more inequable things happened in the daily lives. It seems that people lost the hope for the future. Blake used a technique as montage to write the different angles of the society. As the fast change of the scene, the poem shows up a real British society to readers. I see as though the weak and woeful faces; I hear as though the cry of chimney-sweeper; moreover, as though the youthful harlot's curse hovers over my ears unceasingly. The feeling is so vivid even more than 200 years past. I love the poem because of the real description but the beautiful words. The most real poem, the most real society.NO.3 How would you describe the language Johnson adapted in this letter?The letter was written in a very refined and polite language, the author‘s bitterness, sarcasm, anger and defiance of the authority is obvious there.Writing features in the letter1).beautiful, elegant statement and long sentences2).The use of Triple parallelism3). The use of irony, satire and humor4).The combination of metaphor and allusion.4. What's the central idea of the Letter?In this letter to the Lord, Johnson declared that he did not feel obliged to anyone and that he was not ―accustomed to favors from the great.‖ He reminded the Lord how he was treated with total indifference and contempt years ago when he visited him in hope of getting some help for his work, and how, over the past seven years, he had toiled and suffered working on his dictionary without any help from any patron.As he had relied solely on himself in this gigantic task, he did not want the public to think that he had received help from a patron. He condemned the fame-fishing act of Chesterfield by hinting that he was the kind of man who ―looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water, and when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help.‖5. What is Swift's proposal ? Why does he make this proposal?AIM：Jonathan Swift wrote ―A Modest Proposal‖ in 1720 to call attention to abuses inflicted on Irish Catholics by well-to-do English Protestants.REASON:Over the centuries, England gradually gained a foothold in Ireland. In 1541, the parliament in Dublin reco gnized England‘s Henry VIII, a Protestant, as King of Ireland. In spite of repeated uprisings by Irish Catholics, English Protestants acquired more and more estates in Ireland. By 1703, they owned all but 10 percent of the land. Meanwhile, legislation was enacted that severely limited the rights of the Irish to hold government office, purchase real estate, get an education, and advance themselves in other ways. As a result, many Irish fled to foreign lands, including America. Most of those who remained in Ireland lived in poverty, facing disease, starvation, and prejudice. It was this Ireland–an Ireland of the tyrannized and the downtrodden–that Jonathan Swift attempted to focus attention on in ―A Modest Proposal‖ in 1720.Swift himself was a Protestant, but he was also a native of Ireland, having been born in Dublin of English parents. He believed England was exploiting Ireland.6. What are the chief features of Swift's satire?In ―A Modest Proposal,‖ Swift satirizes the English landlords with outrageous humor, proposing that Irish infants be sold as food at age one, when they are plump and healthy, to give the Irish a new source of income and the English a new food product to bolster their economy and eliminate a social problem. He says his proposal, if adopted, would also result in a reduction in the number of Catholics in Ireland, since most Irish infants–almost all of whom were baptized Catholic–would end up in stews and other dishes instead of growing up to go to Catholic churches. Here, he is satirizing the rivalry and prejudice characterizing Catholic-Protestant relations in Britain.Swift also satirizes the Irish themselves in his essay, for too many of them had accepted abuse stoically rather than taking action on their own behalf. 7. What's the theme and subject of the poetry "Composed upon Westerminster Bridge"?The dominating theme in the poem is Nature. This reiterates his conviction that the city, at this particular point of day, does not clash with nature but becomes a part of it.The poet transmits to the readers the calm and the tranquility described in his poem. In Wordsworth's poem, it is the sight that emerges, while the hearing is absent. In Wordsworth's poem, London shows clean air and the sun illuminates the whole city.8. What's the tone of this poem "I Wandered Lonely as a Clould"? What elements help to create the tone?Wordsworth was a writer of the romatic era. This was a time where writers felt alone in the world and most of them were searching for the ideal relm. Theyfelt as if that is where pure knowledge existed. This poem has a somber mood because the author is lonley. He feels he is special (that's how romatics thought) and has no one to understand him. He is longing for the ideal relm. The words clouds futher suggest that he feels he is superior because clouds float above all things.'wonder' at the beauty of the vision of the daffodils,'loneliness' at being alone wandering through the woods,'awareness of beauty' at the vision of the rippling field of flowers,'sharpness of sight' at the shock of the vastness of the surprising field of blooms,'poetic' at the sight of 'tossing their heads in sprightly dance', and 'the waves beside them danced','nostalgia' in thinking back to the feelings of awe at the sight,'mind clarity and recall' when remembering the beauty and feelings evoked by the experience.9. Describe the image of the lady in the poem "She Walks in Beauty".She walks in Beauty is considered to have been Byron‘s tribute to the beauty of art. The poem begins with the image if a woman who ―walks in beauty like the night‖ (poem), which would lead the reader to ask how she could be found. The answer to that question is answered in the next line when the speaker says that the night is cloudless and that the stars illuminate the sky, bringing into focus the imagery of light and darkness. When the first line of a poem is presented with no punctuation, but is followed by a line that will clarify the previous statement is referred to as enjambment, and this technique is used in the first four lines of the poem. In the next few lines Byron draws attention to the word meet; it emphasizes the contrasts in the woman being described; the imagery presented in the first two lines reappears in these lines, and the contrast of light and dark makes another appearance. The light anddark appear in her face and in her eyes. Her face contains light alabaster skin, yet has dark hair, and her eyes are dark in the iris in contrast with the white of her eye. This repeat of the contrast between light and dark reinforces the imagery introduced in the beginning of the poem. The poem goes on to say that if she were to have even one bit more light or less dark she would not be ruined but she would be only ―half impair‘d‖. As the poem begins to end Byron speaks of the woman‘s inner thoughts and how they are all good, which serves to convey the woman as pure , making her all the more beautiful. The reference to her angelic looks gives a window into her morality as a person, and enhances her beauty all the more .According to Uma Kukathas there is a contrast of light and dark in the poem can easily be a representation of what art is in its entirety; there are so many varying, contrasting parts of art and yet it all comes together to create something that is beautiful. The contrast of light and dark is used to convey the soft beauty of the woman; the beauty is soft and pronounced but not overdone. The woman‘s beauty is soft like candlelight, it is not too over powering and yet her beauty is still obvious to all who look at her. The dark part of the contrast serves as a reality check to make the woman seem more worldly and real, it creates flaws and yet if she were to have even one bit more light or darkness she would only be ―half-impaired‖. Byron speaks o f her ―nameless grace‖, in which one would think he were speaking of her grace as she walks but, he is really speaking of the grace she possesses from the darker features of her face, which serve to enhance her beauty in the speakers eyes.10. What's the main idea of each stanza? What's the theme of the poem?It consists of five stanzas.In the first part, the poet describes a graceful and serene lady successfully with his delicate touch. He compared the lady to the night. So we can guess that the lady dressed black.In the second part, Byron says that every change of the brightness will impair the nameless grace and the glow of the lady‘s face is nearly perfect. These convey the romantic idea that her inner beauty is mirrored by her outer beauty. Her thoughts are serene and sweet. She is pure and dear. Then, we turn to the first part‘s analogy. We can find that the beautiful lady has something same to the sunny night. Both are simple and innocent.The last part is split between three lines of visage description and three lines that describe the lady‘s moral characters. From her smile and expression, we can see a Venus walking to us. Her soft, calm glow reflects a life of peace and goodness. This is a repetition, an emphasis, of the theme that the lady‘s physical beauty is a reflection of her inner beauty.The main theme of the poem is a description of a lady, and the enumeration of certain qualities that the author considers give her beauty. NO.11How does the poet describe the power of the west wind?Shelley invokes the wind magically, describing its power and its role as both "destroyer and preserver," and asks the wind to sweep him out of his torpor "as a wave, a leap, a cloud!" In the fifth section, the poet then takes a remarkable turn, transforming the wind into a metaphor for his own art, the expressive capacity that drives "dead thoughts" like "withered leaves" over the universe, to "quicken a new birth"---that is, to quicken the coming of the spring. NO.12.What is fiction?DefinitionFiction is the form of any narrative or informative work that deals, in part or in whole, with information or events that are not factual, but rather, imaginary—that is, invented by the author. Although fiction describes a major branch of literary work, it may also refer to theatrical, cinematic or musical work. Fiction contrasts with non-fiction, which deals exclusively with factual (or, at least, assumed factual) events, descriptions, observations, etc. (e.g., biographies, histories).小说是文学的一种样式，一般描写人物故事，塑造多种多样的人物形象，但亦有例外。
大三英国文学作家作品 打印版
BeowulfWilliam Langland威廉朗兰Piers the Plowman (农夫皮尔斯)Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里乔叟1) The Romaunt of the Rose 《玫瑰传奇》2) The Book of the Duchess 《悼公爵夫人》Troilus and Criseyde 《特罗伊洛斯和克瑞西德》The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》Thomas Wyattsonnet 十四行诗Henry HowardBlank VersePhilip SidneyAstrophel and Stella《阿期菲尔和斯特拉》An Apology for Poetry 《诗辩》Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙斯宾塞The Shepherd’s Calendar (牧羊人日历）The Faerie Queene (仙后）Thomas More 托马斯莫尔Utopia《乌托邦》Francis Bacon Advancement of Learning 《论学术的进展》New Instrument 《新工具》Essays 《随笔》The New Atlantics (a utopian novel) 《新大西岛》Of Studies论学习Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗马洛Tamburlaine 《帖木耳大帝》The Jew of Malta 《马耳他岛的犹太人》Doctor Faustus 《浮士德的悲剧》William ShakespeareThe Taming of the Shrew 《驯悍记》Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》1)Four comdies ：Twelfth Night 《十二夜》As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》The Merchant of Venice《威尼斯商人》A Midsummer Night’sDream 《仲夏夜之梦》2)Four tragediesKing Lear 《李尔王》Macbeth 《麦克白》Othello 《奥塞罗》Hamlet《哈姆雷特》The Winter’s Tale《冬天的故事》The Tempest《暴风雨》John MiltonOn the Morning of Christ’sNativity 《基督诞生晨颂》Lycidas 《利西达斯》Of Reformation in England《论英国改革》Defence of the EnglishPeople 《为英国人民声辩》Doctrine and Discipline ofDivorce《离婚的戒律与学说》Paradise Lost 《失乐园》Paradise Regained 《复乐园》Samson Agonistes 《力士参孙》John Bunyan班扬The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》The Life and Death of Mr.Badman《恶人先生的生平和死亡》The Holy War 《神圣战争》John Donne 邓恩The Flea 《跳蚤》Death Be Not Proud 《死神，你莫骄傲》John DrydenAll for Love 一切为了爱情An Essay of Dramatic Poesy论戏剧诗Alexander Pope 亚历山大蒲伯The Rape of the Lock 《夺发记》The Dunciad 《群愚史诗》Essay on Criticism 《批评论》Essay on Man 《人论》Moral Essays 《道德论》Richard Steele 斯诺尔The Tatler 《闲谈者》Joseph Addison 艾迪生The Spectator 《旁观者》Jonathan Swift斯威夫特A Tale of a Tub 木桶的故事The Battle of the Books 书战The Drapier’s Letters 布商的书信A Modest Proposal 一个小小的建议Gulliver’s Travels 格列弗游记Daniel Defoe笛福Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨逊漂流记Captain Singleton (1720) 辛格顿船长Moll Flanders (1722) 墨尔弗兰德斯Colonel Jack (1722) 杰克上校Henry Fielding亨利菲尔丁The Welsh Opera《威尔斯歌剧》The Historical Register forthe Year 1736《一七三六年历史记事》Tom Jones 《汤姆·琼斯》Amelia 《阿米丽亚》Samuel Richardson 塞缪尔理查逊Pamela《帕梅拉》Clarissa Harlowe 《克拉丽莎》Sir Charles Grandison《查尔斯·格兰迪森爵士》Laurence Sterne 劳伦斯斯特恩Tristram Shandy 《项狄传》A Sentimental Journey《感伤的旅行》Oliver Goldsmith1）poems: The Traveller 《旅行者》The Deserted Village 《荒村》2) novel: The Vicar of Wakefield 《威克菲尔德牧师》3) comedies: TheGood-Natured Man 《好心人》She Stoops to Conquer《屈身求爱》Thomas Gray托马斯格雷Elegy Written in the Country Churchyard 《墓畔哀歌》William Cowper威廉姆柯柏The Tale《任务》Samuel Johnson 塞缪尔约翰逊London《伦敦》Lives of Poets 《诗人传》The Dictionary of the English Language《英语辞典》。
英美文学知识点识记中文版
英国文学第一章，早期英国文学和中世纪英国文学1 我们所说的英格兰是一个岛屿，早期的居民是大不列颠人，他们是凯尔特Celts的一个部落。
公元前55年，罗马征服者裘力斯.凯撒Julius Caesar侵入英国，直到公元78年完全征服英国。
在罗马军队撤出后，成群的海盗侵入大不列颠，他们是北欧的三个部族，盎格鲁人，撒克逊人和朱特人，分别建成一些小国家，到公元7世纪，这些小王国合并成了一个联合王国成为英格兰或者盎格鲁王国，这3个部族形成了一个英国民族，其中盎格鲁人最多。
他们所说的三种方言自然发展形成了一种统一的语言成为盎格鲁.撒克逊语，或古英语。
盎格鲁撒克逊时期见证了英国从部落社会向封建制度的转变。
盎格鲁撒克逊人是异教徒，他们相信古老的北欧神话，在公元七世纪时被基督教同化，2 《贝奥武夫》BeowulfBeowulf是一个传说它主要的故事明显是北部原始部落的民间传说。
Beowulf是一个伟大的英雄，尽管这首诗写于10世纪，其英雄主要还是大陆原始部落社会的产物。
恩格斯指出，它反映了古代时期部落社会的特点。
在形式上最突出的特点是头韵的运用。
其他的特点是隐喻和保守陈述的使用。
3 大约在787年，一伙丹麦海盗侵入英国阿尔弗德雷王King Alfred The great 成功用武力把他们驱逐了出去，然而在他死后，丹麦人在1013年占领了这个国家，并统治了30年，威廉公爵领导下的诺曼人讲法语，他们于1066年来到英国，他们残酷地镇压了起义，用武力完成了征服，即诺曼底征服。
诺曼底征服标志着封建主义在英国的建立。
4 威廉.朗兰William Langland中世纪的文学领域几乎是一片空白，但确实有一片作品表明当时英语流行文学的存在，即《耕者皮休斯》Piers the Plowman 这首诗描写了一系列的梦境，通过这些梦境我们可以看到一幅封建英国的图景。
Piers the Plowman是英国最伟大的诗篇之一，他以梦幻的形式被书写出来，这是中世纪文学一个常见的方法，这首诗也是一篇寓言，利用了象征的手法讲述真理，5 罗宾汉的民谣收集在《罗宾汉传奇》的集子中，描述了英雄的整个生活。
《英国文学史》课程教学大纲
《英国文学史》课程教学大纲一.课程教学目标学生通过本课程的学习,在知识方面应对英国文学发展脉络有一个清晰系统地把握,内容主要涉及文学背景,文学思潮,文学流派,文学术语,主要作家作品等；在能力方面经过一个学年的系统学习基本掌握文学欣赏的基本方法,为以后进一步深造或进行学术科学研究打下良好的基础．二课程性质，目的与任务：《英国文学史》是全日制大学本科教育英语专业本科学生的必修课程,是为培养和检验学生英美文学的基本知识和理解、鉴赏英美文学原著的能力而设置的一门专业理论课程.本课程的教学任务和目的是:培养学生阅读、欣赏、理解英语文学原著的能力,掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法,通过阅读和分析英美文学作品,促进学生语言基本功和人文素质的提高,增强学生对西方文学及文化的了解.使学生了解和认知英国文学史上一些较有影响的作家的创作倾向、思想方法、在文学史上的地位和成就以及对本国文学乃至世界所产生的影响等等.在此基础上,使学生了解一些名家的代表作品的思想意义、文学价值、写作手法、语言技巧等,为学生的教学、研究打下基础.三基本要求:本课程要求学生对英国文学形成与发展的全貌有个大概的了解: 了解各个发展时期的文学特色及作家、作品，并通过阅读具有代表性的英国文学作品，理解作品的内容，学会分析作品的艺术特色并努力掌握正确评价文学作品的标准和方法，努力提高语言水平，增强对英美文学原著的理解，特别是对作品中表现的社会生活和人物情感的理解，提高他们对各种形式的文学作品如小说、诗歌、戏剧等阅读能力和鉴赏水平。
大纲内容Part oneⅠ、Aims: The study of this part aims at offering a general knowledge to the students about the important literary forms ﹠the most important writer, Geoffrey Chaucer in this period.Ⅱ、DemandsStudents are required to get acquainted with the general knowledge mainly by the way of self-study.Ⅲ、ContentsA .The Introduction to LiteratureB. Beowulf, the national epic of English PeopleC. Romance, an important literary form which is popular from 11th –14th CenturyD. Ballad, an important literary form which is popular in 15th century.E. Geoffrey Chaucer, the most important writer in this period. IV. Points emphasizedGeoffrey Chaucer and his masterpiece, Canterbury Tales.V. Direction for studyA. Getting acquainted with literature.B. Consulting reference books for the convince of self-study.VI. ExercisesQuestions to be answered.1. What is the theme of Beowulf?2. What are the differences between Romance & Ballad?3. Why is Geoffrey Chaucer considered as the greatest writer in early& medieval English literary period.VII. SummaryThe dearly and medieval English literary period is comparably a less important literary period. The most important issue of this period is something about Geoffrey Chaucer.Part Two. The English RenaissanceI. AimsThe study of this part aims at getting to know something about Renaissance Movement, humanism, Elizabethan drama and William Shakespeare.II. DemandsStudents are required to get acquainted the basic characters of Renaissance literature & master the corresponding part of Elizabethan drama and William Shakespeare.III. ContentsA.Introduction to Renaissance Movement & HumanismB.Elizabethan Prose1.Utopian prose2.Francis Bacon’s essaysC.Elizabethan Poetry1. General introduction to Elizabethan poetry2. Edmund Spenser, the poets’ poetD. Elizabethan Drama1.Introduction to Elizabethan drama2.Introduction to William Shakespeare’s literary career3.The themes in William Shakespeare’s works4.The comedy of William Shakespeare5. The tragedy of William Shakespeare6.The historical plays of William Shakespeare7.The sonnet of William Shakespeare8.Other Elizabethan DramatistsIV. Points emphasizedA. Elizabethan dramaB. William ShakespeareV. Direction for studyA.Read as many works of William Shakespeare as possibleB.Consult the reference books to have a general knowledge on Renaissance literatureVI. Exercises1. What is your understanding of English Renaissance Movement?2. What is your comment on William Shakespeare3.What is your comment on Hamlet?4.What is your comment on The Merchant of Venice?VII. SummaryRenaissance period is one of the most important literary periods in English literary history, which witnesses the prosperity of prose, poetry and drama. Yet Elizabethan drama is the most important literary form in this period, William Shakespeare is the great writers in the world as well as in Great Britain. It is rather necessary for us to have a thorough going study on him.Part Three. The Period of English Bourgeois RevolutionI. AimsThe study of this part aims at providing students with a general knowledge of English revolutionary period & detail information of John Milton & John Bunyan.II. DemandsStudents are required to grasp the main idea of the literary achievement of this century and master the corresponding part to introduce John Milton & John Bunyan.III. ContentsA.Introduction to the two dominant literary thoughts in this period1.Revolutionary spirit2.Anti revolutionary tendencyB.John Milton1.John Milton, the great pamphleteer2.John Milton, the greatest poet3.Paradise Lost, the masterpiece of John MiltonC.John Banyan1.John Banyan, the great prose writer2.Pilgrims Progress, the masterpiece of John MiltonD.Metaphysical poets & Cavalier PoetsIV. Points EmphasizedJohn Milton the great pamphleteer and greatest poetV. Direction for studyA.Getting to know something about English revolutionB.Reading Paradise LostVI. ExercisesQuestions to be answered.1.What is your common on Milton Paradise LostVII. SummaryThe period is comparably less important than other period, and the most significant issue is to master the great achievement of John Milton & masterpiece of him: Paradise Lost.Part Four. The Eighteenth CenturyI. AimsThe study of this part aims at providing students with the knowledge of Enlightenment movement. Neo-classicism and realistic literature.II. DemandsStudents are required to study eighteenth century as an enlightenment century & Enlightenment movement as an intellectual movement but only a literary movement. Realistic literature is the most important literary tread they should master.III. ContentsA.Introduction to Enlightenment movementB.Introduction to Neo-classicism and Alexander PopeC.Brief introduction to Joseph Addison & Richard Steele1.The basic characteristics of 18th century English realistic novel.2.Daniel Defoe & Jonathan Swift3.Detail study of Henry FieldingD.Sentimentalist writers and pre-romanticism writersIV. Points EmphasizedA.Enlightenment MovementB.Realistic novelV. Direction for studyA.Having a comprehensive study of Enlightenment movementB.Reading as many realistic novels in period as possibleVI. ExercisesQuestions to be answered1.What is the influence of 18th century Enlightenment thought on literature2.What are the basic characteristics of 18th century English realistic novel?3.What do we say Henry Fielding is the greatest realistic novelist in 18th century?VII. SummaryEighteenth century is a very important period in English literary history. Enlightenment thought is the dominant literary thought prevailing in the whole century, upon the influence of the Enlightenment thought, there emergesNeo-classicism in poetry and prose, realism in the field of novel. To have a comprehensive study of Enlightenment thought and study realistic literature of this century is of vital importance for students to have a good understanding of this part of literary history in this period.Part Five. Romanticism in EnglandI. AimsThe study of this chapter aims at having a comprehensive understanding of the characters of romanticism and getting acquainted with a group of world famous romantic poets esp. William Wordsworth, Percy Bysshe Shelley, George Gordon Byron & John Keats.II. Demands1. Having a comprehensive study on Romanticism2. Having a detail study of romantic poetsIII. ContentsA. Detail introduction to romanticismB. Detail analysis of Lake poets1. William Wordsworth2. S. T. ColeridgeC. Detail analysis of active romanticists1. Percy Bysshe Shelly2. Gorge Gordon Byron3. John KeatsD. Brief introduction to romantic prose writersE. Brief introduction to Walter ScottIV. Point EmphasizedA. RomanticismB. Romantic poetsV. Direction for studyA. Getting acquainted with romantic literature through the comparison between romantic literature and classical literatureB. Reading as many romantic poems created in this period as possibleVI. Exercises1. Why does romantic poetry become popular in early 19th century?2. How can we appreciate a piece of poem?3. What’s your comment on bake poets4. What’s your comment on William Wordsworth?VII. SummaryThe part is one of another most important literary period in English period. The great achievement in this period lives in the poetic field. To study romantic poetry is the most important task of the students.Part Six. English Critical RealismI. AimsThe study of this part aims at cultivating the ability of students to appreciates, analysis the mot complex literary form, novel.II. RemandsStudents are asked to have a clear knowledge of realistic tradition in 18th century and have the solid foundation of English language.II. ContentsA. Introduction to critical realismB. Charles Dickens, the greatest critical realism writer1. A panoramic description of the English society in 19th century.2. Bitter criticism on all social evils3. Basic characteristics of his novel4. Detail analysis his representative worksC. William Makepeace ThackerayD. Women novelist1. Bronte sisters2. Mrs. Gaskell3. George EliotIV. Points EmphasizedA. The comprehensive understanding of critical RealismB. A comprehensive study of Charles DickensV. Direction for studyA. Making comparison between 18th century English realism and critical realismB. Reading as many critical realism novels as possibleVI. ExercisesA. Questions to be answered1. What is critical realism2.What’s your comment on Charles Dickens children images3. What are the similarities and difference of 18th century realistic novel and 19thcentury critical realism novel4. How do you understand the image of Jane Eyre in Charlotte Bronte’ Jane Ey re?B. Essay writing: writing an essay on Charles DickensVII. SummaryCritical realism represents the greatest achievement of English writers in English literary history. The novels of Charles Dickens give a panoramic description of the social condition at that time in the second half of 19th century. All critical realism writer have made painstaking efforts to enable English literature achieve her maturity. To have a thorough-gong study of critical realism literature is of great significant to the students.Part Seven. Prose writers and Poet of the mid and late 19th centuryI. AimsThe study of this part aims at providing students with general knowledge of prose writers and detail information of Victorian Poets.II. DemandsStudents are requirement to make full use of the textbook and all kinds of information channels to get acquainted with Victorian literature.II. ContentsA. Introduction to Victorian periodB. General survey on prose writerC. Detail Analysis of Victorian poets1. Tennysona. Tennyso n’s life and careerb. “In Memoriam”c. “The Idylls of the king”2. The Browning’sa. Browning’s early life careerb. Elizabeth Barrett (Mrs. Browning)c. Browning’s Main Achievement in poetryd. Browning’s short lyricsD. General survey on literary trends at the end of the century1. Naturalism2. Neo-romanticism3. AestheticismIV. Points EmphasizedVictorian PoetsV. Direction for studyA. Consult as many reference books as possibleB. Read short lyrics of Victorian writersVI. Exercises1. What is Browning’s main achievement in poetry2. What is naturalism?3. What is your comment on aestheticism?VII. SummaryThe period is notable main because of the literary and social criticism represent by Carlyle Ruskin. The development of English poetry, of course, did not stop. New poets appeared who wrote poems under the influence of their romantic predecessors and did much to perfect the form of English poetry. Another significant literary phenomenon appeared in the end of this period is the arising of new literary trends especially the appearance of naturalism and aestheticism.Part Eight Twentieth Century English LiteratureI. AimsThe study of this part aims at providing students with clear idea about Modernism literature and the new characters of realistic literature in 20th century.II. DemandsStudents are required to have a comprehensive study of modernism literature and master the new techniques wired by modernist writers.III. ContentsA. General introduction to English novels in 20th century.B. Thomas Hardy1. Life and work2. “Tess of the D’UrbervillesC. The Irish Dramatic movement:Bernard ShawD. Modernism in poetry1. Imagism Movement2. W.B. Yeats3.T.S. EliotE. The Psychological Fiction1. Introduction psychological fiction2. D.H. Lawrence3. The stream of Consciousness school of novela. James Joyceb. Virginia WoolfIV. Points emphasizedModern literatureV. Direction for studyA. Read as many works of modernist writer as possibleB. Get acquainted with new techniques of modernist writersVI. Exercises1. What is modernism2. What is your comment on imagist movement3. What is your comment on stream of conscious novels?4. How do you understand D.H Lawrence’s new relation ship between man and woman?VII. SummaryThis period is one of the most important literary periods in English literary history. We can find from the works of realistic writers in this period the inheritance of the literary tradition of the last century and also the arising of new literary trend of modernism. Modernism literature is the most important literary achievement of 20th century and we can find the best refection of modernism from the works of D.H Lawrence, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf.六、课程的有关说明本大纲是依据1999年国家教育部批准实施的高等教育英语专业英语教学大纲并且依据本系办学特点及学生实际情况而编写的.本课程大纲的教学对象是师范本科英语专业三年级学生。
英国文学简史（中文版）.doc
英国文学简史（刘炳善）第一章中世纪文学第一节古英语文学一从“不列颠”到“英格兰”与欧洲大陆隔海相望的不列颠岛上，很早就居住着克尔特人。
他们当中的布里顿族，在大约公元前５世纪进入不列颠，“不列颠”一词便来源于克尔特人的“布里顿”一词，意为“布里顿人的国度”。
克尔特人的口头文学历史悠久、丰富多彩，内容有多神教的神话故事和英雄传说，其中亚瑟王的故事不断流传、扩展，成为英国和西方文学的创作素材的一大源泉。
公元前５５年开始，罗马人由侵略到逐渐征服了不列颠，把不列颠划为罗马帝国的一个省，并带入了罗马文明。
他们的许多军事要塞发展成为今天的重要城市，他们修建的大道有的到十八世纪还是交通要道。
在古英语文学中保存下来的一首短诗《废墟》中，一位生活在七世纪的诗人凭吊被撒克逊人摧毁的罗马人的城镇，寻觅当时当地大厅浴堂的盛况而不可得。
罗马的势力维持到５世纪初期。
北欧的日耳曼人的骚扰不列颠的同时也大举入侵罗马帝国，罗马人不得不从４０１年起撤回本土，专心御敌，９年后罗马帝国皇帝宣布放弃对不列颠的主权。
罗马人在统治不列颠的３５０年中，对不列颠的语言文学没有产生很大的影响。
五世纪中期，日耳曼人中的盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特等部落从欧陆渡海来到不列颠。
他们遭到了当地居民猛烈的反抗，大约１５０年后才征服不列颠南部、中部的大部分地区。
一些土著克尔特人沦为奴隶，又有一些克尔特人被驱赶到北部、西部的山区、威尔士、苏格兰，甚至渡海到爱尔兰、布列塔尼半岛。
盎格鲁人把不列颠称为“盎格兰”，这便是“英格兰”一词的由来。
克尔特的不列颠被盎格鲁—撒克逊的英格兰所替代。
盎格鲁—撒克逊人在征服和国家形成过程中，氏族制度逐渐解体，封建制度逐渐形成，多神教也逐渐为基督教所代替。
盎格鲁—撒克逊语便是古英语，英国文学史就是从五世纪盎格鲁—撒克逊族的征服开始的。
二来自北欧祖先的史诗：《贝奥武甫》如同许多民族，盎格鲁—撒克逊人的诗歌来源于人民的口头集体创作，反映了远占部落人们的生产劳动、对自然与社会现象的幻想性解释。
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英国文学源远流长，经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。
在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响，文学内部遵循自身规律，历经盎格鲁-撒克逊、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等不同历史阶段。
下面对英国文学的发展过程作一概述。
一、中世纪文学（约5世纪-1485）英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样，不是书面的，而是口头的。
故事与传说口头流传，并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展，最后才有写本。
公元5世纪中叶，盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。
盎格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中，最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf），它被认为是英国的民族史诗。
《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事，具有神话传奇色彩。
这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说，随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国，现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的，当时，不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。
因此，《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌，呈现出新旧生活方式的混合，兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想，体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。
公元1066年，居住在法国北部的诺曼底人在威廉公爵率领下越过英吉利海峡，征服英格兰。
诺曼底人占领英格兰后，封建等级制度得以加强和完备，法国文化占据主导地位，法语成为宫廷和上层贵族社会的语言。
这一时期风行一时的文学形式是浪漫传奇，流传最广的是关于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事。
《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight，1375-1400）以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题材，歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德，是中古英语传奇最精美的作品之一。
传奇文学专门描写高贵的骑士所经历的冒险生活和浪漫爱情，是英国封建社会发展到成熟阶段一种社会理想的体现。
14世纪以后，英国资本主义工商业发展较快，市民阶级兴起，英语逐渐恢复了它的声誉，社会各阶层普遍使用英语，为优秀英语文学作品的产生提供了条件。
杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer， 1343-1400）的出现标志着以本土文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。
《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales）以一群香客从伦敦出发去坎特伯雷朝圣为线索，通过对香客的生动描绘和他们沿途讲述的故事，勾勒出一幅中世纪英国社会千姿百态生活风貌的图画。
乔叟首创英雄诗行，即五步抑扬格双韵体，对英诗韵律作出了很大贡献，被誉为"英国诗歌之父".乔叟的文笔精练优美，流畅自然，他的创作实践将英语提升到一个较高的文学水平，推动了英语作为英国统一的民族语言的进程。
二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期-17世纪初）相对于欧洲其他国家来说，英国的文艺复兴起始较晚，通常认为是在15世纪末。
文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义，它主张以人为本，反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观，提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。
托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More， 1478-1535）是英国最主要的早期人文主义者，他的《乌托邦》（Utopia）批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会，设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、人们和谐相处的理想国。
Utopia现已成为空想主义的代名词，但乌托邦是作者对当时社会状况进行严肃思考的结果。
《乌托邦》开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河，这一传统从培根的《新大西岛》（The New Atlantis）、斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》（Gulliver's Travels）、勃特勒的《埃瑞璜》（Erewhon）一直延续到20世纪的科幻小说。
文艺复兴时期诗歌创作繁荣，埃德蒙·斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser，1552-1599）的长诗《仙后》（The Faerie Queene）歌颂女王，宣扬人文主义思想。
他创造的"斯宾塞诗体"每节诗有九行，韵律复杂，具有柔和动听、萦绕耳际的音乐性。
弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon， 1561-1626）是这一时期最重要的散文家，他对文学的主要贡献是《论说文集》（Essays），共58篇。
这些文章题材广泛，内容涉及哲学、宗教、政治制度以及婚姻、爱情、友谊、园艺、读书等，文笔典雅，略带古风而又明白畅达。
英国戏剧起源于中世纪教堂的宗教仪式，取材于圣经故事的神秘剧和奇迹剧在14、15世纪英国舞台上占有主导地位，随后出现了以抽象概念作为剧中人物的道德剧。
到了16世纪末，戏剧进入全盛时期。
克里斯托弗·马洛（Christopher Marlowe， 1564-1593）冲破旧的戏剧形式的束缚，创作了一种新戏剧。
《帖木儿大帝》（Tamburlaine）、《浮士德博士的悲剧》（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus）、《马耳他岛的犹太人》（The Jew of Malta）等剧作反映了文艺复兴时期那种永无止境的探索精神和极端的个人主义精神。
马洛将戏剧情节集中于一个主要角色的做法、他对人物性格的分析以及他的素体诗戏剧对白，对英国戏剧的发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献。
英国文艺复兴时期最杰出的作家是威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare，1564-1616），他的全部作品包括两首长诗，154首十四行诗和38部（一说39部）戏剧。
莎士比亚的主要剧作有喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》（A Midsummer Night's Dream）、《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of Venice），悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）、《哈姆莱特》（Hamlet）、《奥赛罗》（Othello）、《李尔王》（King Lear）、《麦克白》（Macbeth），历史剧《亨利四世》（Henry IV），传奇剧《暴风雨》（The Tempest）等。
莎士比亚塑造了性格鲜明的人物形象，展现了封建制度和资本主义制度交替时期波澜壮阔的历史画面，宣扬了人文主义和个性解放。
他的剧作思想内容深刻，艺术表现手法精湛，历经几个世纪，长演不衰。
莎士比亚是语言大师，他娴熟地运用英语，将英语的丰富表现力推向极致。
与莎士比亚同时或稍后还有一批剧作家在进行创作，本·琼森（Ben Johnson，1572-1637）是其中最主要的作家，莎士比亚曾在他的喜剧《人人高兴》（Every Man in His Humor）中扮演角色。
琼森的讽刺喜剧《狐狸》（Volpone）、《练金术士》（The Alchemist）揭露了当时社会人们追逐金钱的风气，喜剧性很强。
三、17世纪文学1603年伊丽莎白女王去世后，英国国王与议会矛盾日趋激烈，政局动荡。
1649年1月国王查理一世被送上断头台，同年5月，英国宣布为共和国。
约翰·弥尔顿（John Milton，1608-1674）积极投入资产阶级革命，曾任共和国政府拉丁秘书，写了不少文章扞卫共和国。
1660年，查理二世回国复辟，弥尔顿一度被捕入狱，在朋友帮助下才得免一死，获释回家。
在双目失明的状态下，他完成了长诗《失乐园》（Paradise Lost）和《复乐园》（Paradise Regained）、诗剧《力士参孙》（Samson Agonistes）。
这些作品反映了王政复辟后弥尔顿内心的痛苦以及对资产阶级革命始终不渝的态度，文体雄伟庄严。
17世纪英国诗歌另外的一支是玄学派诗歌，代表诗人有约翰·邓恩（John Donne， 1572-1631）和安德鲁·马韦尔（Andrew Marvell， 1621-1678）。
玄学派诗歌的特点是采用奇特的意象和别具匠心的比喻，揉细腻的感情与深邃的思辩于一体。
玄学派诗歌在18和19世纪一直为世人所忽视，直到20世纪初，才从历史的尘封中重见天日，对现代主义诗风产生很大影响。
王政复辟时期最受人欢迎的作家是约翰·班扬（John Bunyan， 1628-1688），他的《天路历程》（The Pilgrim's Progress）采用梦幻的形式讲述宗教寓言，但揭开梦幻的面纱，展现在读者面前的是17世纪英国社会的一幅现实主义图景。
查理二世复辟后，被清教徒关闭的剧院重新开放，英国戏剧获得新生。
这一时期出现的风俗喜剧是当时戏剧的最高成就，威廉·康格里夫（William Congreve， 1670-1729）的《以爱还爱》（Love for Love）、《如此世道》（The Way of the World）等剧作是风俗喜剧的代表作品。
17世纪下半叶，约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden， 1631-1700）驰骋文坛，集桂冠诗人、散文家、剧作家于一身。
德莱顿关于戏剧创作和舞台艺术的论述构成英国戏剧史上第一组有分量的戏剧评论，他那简洁明朗的散文文体影响了18世纪许多作家的文风。
四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期-18世纪中期）1688年的"光荣革命"推翻复辟王朝，确定了君主立宪制，建立起资产阶级和新贵族领导的政权，英国从此进入一个相对安定的发展时期。
18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。
新古典主义推崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。
亚历山大·蒲柏（Alexander Pope， 1688-1744）是新古典主义诗歌的代表，他模仿罗马诗人，诗风精巧隽俏，内容以说教与讽刺为主，形式多用英雄双韵体，但缺乏深厚感情。
18世纪英国散文出现繁荣，散文风格基本建立在新古典主义美学原则之上。
理查德·斯梯尔（Richard Steele， 1672-1729）与约瑟夫·艾迪生（Joseph Addison， 1672-1719）创办《闲谈者》（Tatler）与《观察者》（Spectator）刊物，发表了许多以当时社会风俗、日常生活、文学趣味等为题材的文章，他们清新秀雅、轻捷流畅的文体成为后人模仿的典范。
乔纳森·斯威夫特（Jonathan Swift， 1667-1745）是英国文学史上最伟大的讽刺散文作家，他的文风纯朴平易而有力。
斯威夫特的杰作《格列佛游记》（Gulliver's Travels）是一部极具魅力的儿童故事，同时包含着深刻的思想内容。
作者通过对小人国、大人国、飞岛国、慧马国等虚构国度的描写，以理性为尺度，极其尖锐地讽刺和抨击了英国社会各领域的黑暗和罪恶。