英文世界八大公害事件)
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the sunny over Los Angeles akin to create a poisonous
smoke from factories.
From the start of the early 1940s, Los Angeles every year from summer to early autumn, as long as it is sunny day, over the city will appear a diffuse sky light blue smoke, so that the whole city over to become the pollution not to be unclear. The smoke makes red eyes, sore throat, dizziness, headache, respiratory distress. After 1943, smoke more rampant, large tracts of forest that far away from the city 100 kilometers of 2000 meters above sea level the mountains so dead, citrus production.
the special geographical location, Maas
Valley appeared over the strong inversion layer.
Inversion layer can suppress smoke rising, the atmospheric
dust accumulation does not come loose, savings in the
2、 American Donora smog incident
October 1948 26 31, Pennsylvania, a small town
Donora continuous fog angel Donora looked
particularly dark
The atmosphere is more and more heavy smoke,
nitrogen oxide (NOx) compounds, more than 700 tons of CO.
In addition, there are refineries, fuel stations and other other
oil combustion emissions, these compounds are emitted into
O3
复杂的有机化合物
紫外光 NO
汽车排气 HC NO2
太阳 紫外光
Photochemical smog formation process
HC + O2 + NO2 + UV ↓ O3 + 甲醛 + PAN + 氧化产物 O3 伤害植物 PAN 伤害植物 刺激眼睛
氧化产物
聚合与核长大
气溶胶 光雾
甲醛、 丙稀醛等 刺激眼睛
Donora smog incident occurred in the main reason is
because the town Donora factory emissions containing sulfur
dioxide and other toxic and harmful substances in gas and
everywhere cough. Just 4 days, the death toll of more than 4000 people 2 months later, 8O00 many people died. This is the "London smog incident frightful to the ear".
4、 Los Angeles photochemical smog events
Los Angeles in the 1940s have 250 million cars, daily consume about 1100 tons of gasoline, discharge of more than 1000 tons of hydrocarbon (CH) compounds, 3o0 tons of
Characteristics of photochemical smog
Los Angeles photochemical smog(1943)
In 1955, due to respiratory failure and death of 65 years
old of above old up to 400 people. In 1970, about 75% of
Began on the third day, in sulfur dioxide (SO2)
and several other harmful gases and dust pollution
under the comprehensive action, Valley Industrial
Zone has thousands of people with respiratory
inversion layer, no convection exchange, resulting in airpollution penomenon。smog
In the inversion layer and the fog effect, Maas
Valley Industrial Area 13 plant emissions of a lot of
diseases.
Acid rain
There are more than 60 people died within a week, ten times more than the normal number of deaths. The highest mortality rate of heart disease, pulmonary disease. Many animals can not survive, have died. This incident has caused a sensation, although in the future similar such smoke pollution incident happens in many parts of the world, Maas Valley smog event is 20 century the earliest record of atmospheric pollution tragedy.
Because of the pollutants in the atmosphere continued savings, many people have difficulty breathing, stinging eyes. The London hospital due to respiratory disease patients increased and was full, the city of London can be heard
smoke diffuse over the valley can't spread, harmful
gases in the atmosphere, Vietnam product is thicker,
the product stock close to harm the health limit.
metal particles in climate anomalies gathered in the valley
accumulation does not come loose
so2
3、 London smog event 5 to8 December of 1952, is located in the Thames Valley area of London over the city in the center of a high pressure, a few consecutive days without wind, anemometer readings is zero. Fog enveloped the city of London, and the value of winter cities large amounts of coal, emissions of soot dust under the condition of no wind accumulation does not come
5、Japan Minamata disease event
In 1925, the company set up factories in Japan n
beautiful water town of minamata. After 1949, the
the residents suffer from conjunctivitis. This is the first
appearance of the new air pollution event -- photochemical
smog pollution incident.
Photochemical smog is due to caused by the automobile
exhaust and industrial emissions, generally occurs in low
humidity and temperature in summer sunny 2432 DEG C at
noon or in the afternoon.
NO2（微量） 刺激眼睛 NO2 + UV → NO2 * NO* 2 → NO + O O + O 2 → O3 O3 + NO → NO2 + O2 O3 + HC → ↓ 醛类及其它氧化物 醛类
a lot of smoke from the factory was closed in the
valley. The air exudes a pungent odor of sulfur
dioxide, turn one's stomach. Air visibility is extremely low.
loose, smoke and moisture accumulation in the atmosphere,
resulting in over the city for four or five days of smog,
visibility is extremely low.
伦敦烟雾事件(1952) （市民点火把、车灯 开启）
Attendant is in the town of nearly 6000 people all of a sudden onset, symptoms of ophthalmopathy, sore throat, runny nose, cough, headache, limbs weary, tightness in the chest, vomiting, diarrhea and other, including 17 people died soon. Most of the original with heart or respiratory disease.
The world eight environmental pollution incidents
1、Belgium Maas Valley smog event
December 1to15days of
1930s , the Belgian fog cage cover, climate anomalies. Due to
smoke from factories.
From the start of the early 1940s, Los Angeles every year from summer to early autumn, as long as it is sunny day, over the city will appear a diffuse sky light blue smoke, so that the whole city over to become the pollution not to be unclear. The smoke makes red eyes, sore throat, dizziness, headache, respiratory distress. After 1943, smoke more rampant, large tracts of forest that far away from the city 100 kilometers of 2000 meters above sea level the mountains so dead, citrus production.
the special geographical location, Maas
Valley appeared over the strong inversion layer.
Inversion layer can suppress smoke rising, the atmospheric
dust accumulation does not come loose, savings in the
2、 American Donora smog incident
October 1948 26 31, Pennsylvania, a small town
Donora continuous fog angel Donora looked
particularly dark
The atmosphere is more and more heavy smoke,
nitrogen oxide (NOx) compounds, more than 700 tons of CO.
In addition, there are refineries, fuel stations and other other
oil combustion emissions, these compounds are emitted into
O3
复杂的有机化合物
紫外光 NO
汽车排气 HC NO2
太阳 紫外光
Photochemical smog formation process
HC + O2 + NO2 + UV ↓ O3 + 甲醛 + PAN + 氧化产物 O3 伤害植物 PAN 伤害植物 刺激眼睛
氧化产物
聚合与核长大
气溶胶 光雾
甲醛、 丙稀醛等 刺激眼睛
Donora smog incident occurred in the main reason is
because the town Donora factory emissions containing sulfur
dioxide and other toxic and harmful substances in gas and
everywhere cough. Just 4 days, the death toll of more than 4000 people 2 months later, 8O00 many people died. This is the "London smog incident frightful to the ear".
4、 Los Angeles photochemical smog events
Los Angeles in the 1940s have 250 million cars, daily consume about 1100 tons of gasoline, discharge of more than 1000 tons of hydrocarbon (CH) compounds, 3o0 tons of
Characteristics of photochemical smog
Los Angeles photochemical smog(1943)
In 1955, due to respiratory failure and death of 65 years
old of above old up to 400 people. In 1970, about 75% of
Began on the third day, in sulfur dioxide (SO2)
and several other harmful gases and dust pollution
under the comprehensive action, Valley Industrial
Zone has thousands of people with respiratory
inversion layer, no convection exchange, resulting in airpollution penomenon。smog
In the inversion layer and the fog effect, Maas
Valley Industrial Area 13 plant emissions of a lot of
diseases.
Acid rain
There are more than 60 people died within a week, ten times more than the normal number of deaths. The highest mortality rate of heart disease, pulmonary disease. Many animals can not survive, have died. This incident has caused a sensation, although in the future similar such smoke pollution incident happens in many parts of the world, Maas Valley smog event is 20 century the earliest record of atmospheric pollution tragedy.
Because of the pollutants in the atmosphere continued savings, many people have difficulty breathing, stinging eyes. The London hospital due to respiratory disease patients increased and was full, the city of London can be heard
smoke diffuse over the valley can't spread, harmful
gases in the atmosphere, Vietnam product is thicker,
the product stock close to harm the health limit.
metal particles in climate anomalies gathered in the valley
accumulation does not come loose
so2
3、 London smog event 5 to8 December of 1952, is located in the Thames Valley area of London over the city in the center of a high pressure, a few consecutive days without wind, anemometer readings is zero. Fog enveloped the city of London, and the value of winter cities large amounts of coal, emissions of soot dust under the condition of no wind accumulation does not come
5、Japan Minamata disease event
In 1925, the company set up factories in Japan n
beautiful water town of minamata. After 1949, the
the residents suffer from conjunctivitis. This is the first
appearance of the new air pollution event -- photochemical
smog pollution incident.
Photochemical smog is due to caused by the automobile
exhaust and industrial emissions, generally occurs in low
humidity and temperature in summer sunny 2432 DEG C at
noon or in the afternoon.
NO2（微量） 刺激眼睛 NO2 + UV → NO2 * NO* 2 → NO + O O + O 2 → O3 O3 + NO → NO2 + O2 O3 + HC → ↓ 醛类及其它氧化物 醛类
a lot of smoke from the factory was closed in the
valley. The air exudes a pungent odor of sulfur
dioxide, turn one's stomach. Air visibility is extremely low.
loose, smoke and moisture accumulation in the atmosphere,
resulting in over the city for four or five days of smog,
visibility is extremely low.
伦敦烟雾事件(1952) （市民点火把、车灯 开启）
Attendant is in the town of nearly 6000 people all of a sudden onset, symptoms of ophthalmopathy, sore throat, runny nose, cough, headache, limbs weary, tightness in the chest, vomiting, diarrhea and other, including 17 people died soon. Most of the original with heart or respiratory disease.
The world eight environmental pollution incidents
1、Belgium Maas Valley smog event
December 1to15days of
1930s , the Belgian fog cage cover, climate anomalies. Due to