lecture 1 introduction to language language and Culture 语言与文化 教学课件
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The answer is: We don’t know. But there are many theories about the
origins of language.
22
1) Divine creation: Language was one of the gifts from God to man.
20
Sino-Tibetan language family
The Sino-Tibetan language family (汉藏语 系) is composed of Chinese and the TibetoBurman languages, which includes some 250 languages of East Asia, Southeast Asia and parts of South Asia.
12
Languages and language families of the world
It is difficult to give an exact number of languages in the world.
It is estimated that there are over 5,000 languages in the world. In addition, there are about 7,000 dialects, belonging to 94 different language families.
9
Definitions of Language
Language is too complicated to have only one definition. 1) Language is a human system of communication that uses arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or written symbols. 2) a systematic means of communicating ideas or feelings by the use of conventionalized signs, sounds, gestures, or marks having understood meanings (Merriam-Webster Dictionary).
5
Possible answers
1) to have a better understanding of the Chinese language and culture, and of Western languages and cultures. 2) to learn to accept and appreciate cultural diversity and of cross-cultural communication, and understand the close relationship between language and culture 3) to help avoid mistakes in communication 4) to serve as a good way of language learning …
The Indo-European languages are spoken by approximately 3 billion native speakers, the largest number for recognized language families.
17
Indo-European languages
The Indo-Iranian language group The Romance language group The Germanic language group The Slavic language group
19
Germanic language group
The Germanic language group (日耳曼语 族) includes 53 different languages. And the most widely spoken Germanic languages are English and German, with around 309-400 million and over 100 million native speakers respectively.
6
Language and Culture — A Comparative Study
Lecture 1 An Introduction to Language
7
Video watching
8
Quick questions
1. How many languages are there in the world?
6. Russian
7. German
8. Korean
9. English
10. Swahili
16
Indo-European language family
The Indo-European language family (印欧 语系) includes several hundred related languages, including most major languages of Europe, Iran, and India.
Africa) 4.Afro-Asiatic languages 6.0% (North Africa
to Horn of Africa, Southwest Asia) 5.Austronesian languages 5.9% (Oceania,
Madagascar, Southeast Asia) 14
21
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Origin of language
When did language begin? Did it begin at the very beginning of the human race, perhaps 4 or 5 million years ago? Who was the first man to speak a language?
Top 5 languages families by number of languages
The largest language families in terms of number of languages
1.Niger-Congo (1532 languages) 2.Austronesian (1257 languages) 3.Trans–New Guinea (477 languages) 4.Sino-Tibetan (449 languages) 5.Indo-European (439 languages)
2) Evolutionary theory: At some point in their evolutionary development humans acquired a more sophisticated brain which made language invention and learning possible.
11
A language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common ancestor.
A dialect, is also called a language variety. It is a variety of a language that is distinguished from other varieties of the same language by features of phonology, grammar, vocabulary, and by its use by a group of speakers.
10
Language-related terms
Language has branched into several meanings. The most obvious manifestations are spoken languages such as English or Chinese. However, there are also written languages and other systems of visual symbols such as sign languages.
2. Why do people speak different languages? 3. What do you know about the origin of
language? 4. Which language is the most beautiful one? 5. Do animals speak different languages? 6. How do you define language?
15
Top 10 hardest languages to learn
Top 10 hardest languages to learn ( from a poll conducted in 2008)
1. Basque
2. Hungarian
3. Chinese
4. Polish
5. Japanese
18
Language group
The Indo-European language family is also the most researched of all the families. This language family is further divided into several smaller language groups (语族):
13
Top 5 Language Families by Number of Speakers (2005)
1.Indo-European languages 46% (Europe, Southwest to South Asia, America, Oceania)
2.Sino-Tibetan languages 21% (East Asia) 3.Niger-Congo languages 6.4% (Sub-Saharan
Course Description
This course is intended to offer some aspects of western and Chinese languages and cultures, to encourage an appreciation of cultural diversity and of cross-cultural communication, and to help realize the importance of the relationship between language and culture. The course is expected to stimulate English majors to further explore components of culture to achieve a deeper insight into their language studies.
1
3. 英汉语言文化比较 作者：黄勇 丛书名： 大学英语选修课系列教材 出版社：西北工业大学出版社 4. 全球化语境下的中西文化及语言对比 作者：闫文培 出版社：科学出版社
4
Discussion
Why do English majors have to make a comparative study of Chinese and Western languages and cultures?
origins of language.
22
1) Divine creation: Language was one of the gifts from God to man.
20
Sino-Tibetan language family
The Sino-Tibetan language family (汉藏语 系) is composed of Chinese and the TibetoBurman languages, which includes some 250 languages of East Asia, Southeast Asia and parts of South Asia.
12
Languages and language families of the world
It is difficult to give an exact number of languages in the world.
It is estimated that there are over 5,000 languages in the world. In addition, there are about 7,000 dialects, belonging to 94 different language families.
9
Definitions of Language
Language is too complicated to have only one definition. 1) Language is a human system of communication that uses arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or written symbols. 2) a systematic means of communicating ideas or feelings by the use of conventionalized signs, sounds, gestures, or marks having understood meanings (Merriam-Webster Dictionary).
5
Possible answers
1) to have a better understanding of the Chinese language and culture, and of Western languages and cultures. 2) to learn to accept and appreciate cultural diversity and of cross-cultural communication, and understand the close relationship between language and culture 3) to help avoid mistakes in communication 4) to serve as a good way of language learning …
The Indo-European languages are spoken by approximately 3 billion native speakers, the largest number for recognized language families.
17
Indo-European languages
The Indo-Iranian language group The Romance language group The Germanic language group The Slavic language group
19
Germanic language group
The Germanic language group (日耳曼语 族) includes 53 different languages. And the most widely spoken Germanic languages are English and German, with around 309-400 million and over 100 million native speakers respectively.
6
Language and Culture — A Comparative Study
Lecture 1 An Introduction to Language
7
Video watching
8
Quick questions
1. How many languages are there in the world?
6. Russian
7. German
8. Korean
9. English
10. Swahili
16
Indo-European language family
The Indo-European language family (印欧 语系) includes several hundred related languages, including most major languages of Europe, Iran, and India.
Africa) 4.Afro-Asiatic languages 6.0% (North Africa
to Horn of Africa, Southwest Asia) 5.Austronesian languages 5.9% (Oceania,
Madagascar, Southeast Asia) 14
21
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Origin of language
When did language begin? Did it begin at the very beginning of the human race, perhaps 4 or 5 million years ago? Who was the first man to speak a language?
Top 5 languages families by number of languages
The largest language families in terms of number of languages
1.Niger-Congo (1532 languages) 2.Austronesian (1257 languages) 3.Trans–New Guinea (477 languages) 4.Sino-Tibetan (449 languages) 5.Indo-European (439 languages)
2) Evolutionary theory: At some point in their evolutionary development humans acquired a more sophisticated brain which made language invention and learning possible.
11
A language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common ancestor.
A dialect, is also called a language variety. It is a variety of a language that is distinguished from other varieties of the same language by features of phonology, grammar, vocabulary, and by its use by a group of speakers.
10
Language-related terms
Language has branched into several meanings. The most obvious manifestations are spoken languages such as English or Chinese. However, there are also written languages and other systems of visual symbols such as sign languages.
2. Why do people speak different languages? 3. What do you know about the origin of
language? 4. Which language is the most beautiful one? 5. Do animals speak different languages? 6. How do you define language?
15
Top 10 hardest languages to learn
Top 10 hardest languages to learn ( from a poll conducted in 2008)
1. Basque
2. Hungarian
3. Chinese
4. Polish
5. Japanese
18
Language group
The Indo-European language family is also the most researched of all the families. This language family is further divided into several smaller language groups (语族):
13
Top 5 Language Families by Number of Speakers (2005)
1.Indo-European languages 46% (Europe, Southwest to South Asia, America, Oceania)
2.Sino-Tibetan languages 21% (East Asia) 3.Niger-Congo languages 6.4% (Sub-Saharan
Course Description
This course is intended to offer some aspects of western and Chinese languages and cultures, to encourage an appreciation of cultural diversity and of cross-cultural communication, and to help realize the importance of the relationship between language and culture. The course is expected to stimulate English majors to further explore components of culture to achieve a deeper insight into their language studies.
1
3. 英汉语言文化比较 作者：黄勇 丛书名： 大学英语选修课系列教材 出版社：西北工业大学出版社 4. 全球化语境下的中西文化及语言对比 作者：闫文培 出版社：科学出版社
4
Discussion
Why do English majors have to make a comparative study of Chinese and Western languages and cultures?