2014年专业英语四级语法题详解

2014年专业英语四级语法题解
51. It is essential that he ________ all the facts first.
A. is examining
B. will examine
C. examines
D. examine
选【D】。

It is/was advisable/ appropriate/ desirable/ essential/ fitting/ imperative/ important/ impossible/ necessary/ obligatory/ proper, etc. that S +V/be+Ved.这是典型的Be型虚拟语气，选项只有两种形式，以该题为例，可选examine (主动)或be examined（被动）,本题是主动语态。

52. Which of the following sentences expresses a future action?
A. Lucy is continually finding fault with her sister.
B. We are meeting the visitors after the performance.
C. The coach is now crossing the Garden Bridge.
D. I’m hoping that you’ll give us some advice.
选【B】。

考be Ving 的语法意义。

A. always, continually与进行体连用，表示赞扬或批评，“露西经常挑剔她妹妹的毛病”。

B.表将来，“表演结束后，我们将与来宾会面”。

C.表进行，“长途客车正穿行花园大桥”。

D.表现在，“我一直希望你给我们提些建议”。

例如：
I’m hoping spoken used to say that you hope something will happen, especially because you are depending on it
I’m hoping (that)
I’m hoping the car will be fixed by Friday.
I’m hoping to do something
We were hoping to see you today. （LDOCE 5，词条hope）
53. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object complement?
A. The front door remained locked
B. The boy looked disappointed
C. Nancy appeared worried
D. He seemed to have no money left
选【D】。

ABC的结构是S V P/C s (动词是连系动词，后面是表语或主语补语)。

D的结构是
He seemed to have no money left.
Pron. N Ved
S O C o
He seemed have no money
(no money is) left.
54. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?
A. Physics is an important school subject.
B. The Niagara Falls is in North America.
C. The United States borders Canada.
D. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.
选【B】。

考以-s结尾的名词的单复数。

A.以-ics结尾的学科名词通常作单数，如physics, mathematics, mechanics, optics, linguistics，acoustics, politics, statistics, economics, athletics, tactics等.
B.群岛、海峡、瀑布等地理名称通常作复数。

所以B选项错误。

C.以-s结尾的名词是国名、单一政治实体或组织，作单数。

D.疾病名词作单数，有的也可作复数。

55. Which of the following sentences indicates POSSIBILITY（可能）?
A. The moon cannot always be at the full.(章振邦，2014:193)
B. You cannot smoke inside the building.
C. He cannot come today.
D. She cannot play the piano.
选【A】。

A.表可能（possibility），“月亮不可能总是圆的”。

It can’t be true.
B.表允许/禁止(allowed)，“你不能在楼房里吸烟”。

You can’t park here. It is a no parking area.
C.表时间（time）,“他今天（因事）不能来”。

Will you help me? Sorry, I can’t.
D.表示能力（ability）,“她不会弹钢琴”。

You can’t swim, can you?
56. The boys in the family are old enough for ________.
A. schools
B. school
C. the school
D. the schools
选【B】。

在名词bed, church, college, court, hospital, market, office, prison, sea, school, table等名词前，带定冠词the或不定冠词a/an表示处所；带零冠词表示名词的功能，如
Go to school/church/prison/hospital去上学/去做礼拜/去坐牢/去看病
Go to school/church/prison/hospital 到学校/教堂/监狱/医院去
at table在吃饭at the table 在桌旁
57. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a predicate-object relationship?
A. He was reading Mary’s letter in the room.
B. You can buy men’s shoes in this shop.
C. Mrs. Black’s passport was lost.
D. The enemy’s defea t brought the war to an end.
选【D】。

考名词属格的意义。

A.表来源或所属，Mary wrote the letter. Mary received the letter.
B.表类别，有men’s shoes和women’s shoes差别。

C.表所属，The passport belongs to Mrs. Black.
D.表动宾，Somebody defeated the enemy.
58. Please pardon ________ you.
A. my disturbing
B. disturbing me
C. to disturb
D. that I disturb
选【A】。

动名词的逻辑主语要用限定物主代词（形容词性物主代词）。

pardon 要接动名词作宾语（徐广联.2015:663；章振邦.2014:241;霍恩比.牛津高阶英汉双解词典.2010:1446）。

如
Pardon my asking, but is that your husband?（霍恩比. 2010:1446）
Please pardon my disturbing you. （章振邦.2014:241）
但有些词典只列举出pardon sb. for sth./ doing sth. (LDOCE 5，词条pardon;其他词典也列了该词条)，如：
He could never pardon her for the things she had said.
Pardon me for saying so, but you don’t look well/ but you’re doing that all wrong.
Pardon me for interrupting you. （霍恩比. 2010:1446）
59. Which of the following tag questions is INCORRECT?
A. Carry this parcel for me, will you?
B. Nobody wants to go there, does he?
C. Few people know him, don’t they?
D. Everything is ready, isn’t it?
选【C】。

反义疑问句，主句肯定，后面否定缩写；主句否定，后面肯定。

few/little 修饰名词表否定，后面要用肯定。

60. Which of the following reflexive pronouns（反身代词）is used as an object?
A. I spoke to the president himself.
B. Frank is not quite himself today.
C. Linda herself will play the violin.
D. You must pull yourself together.
选【D】。

A. himself作president的同位语，“总统本人”。

B. himself作Frank的表语/主语补足语，“弗兰克今天身体有些不适”。

C. herself作Linda的同位语，“琳达亲自”。

D. yourself作pull的宾语，“你必须振作起来”。

61. The research team can handle ________ needs to be handled.
A. whenever
B. whichever
C. wherever
D. whatever
选【D】。

本句结构是：
The research team can handle ________ needs to be handled.
S V ____ V O
谓语动词并列，需要并列连词，ABCD都不是并列连词；
handle是及物动词, 后面有限定动词/谓语动词，说明后面要接从句，即宾语从句；
宾语从句缺主语，AC是副词，不能选，B是疑问代词，指代不清，“哪一个”；
what可作主语，同时在这作连词，相当于汉语里的“的”字性名词结构，意思是
“这个研究小组可以解决需要解决的问题”。

62. Which of the following italicized parts modifies an adverb?
A. I rather like my teacher.
B. That was a very funny film.
C. Do it right now.
D. We walked about 6 miles.
选【C】。

A. rather副词，修饰动词like;
B. very副词，修饰形容词funny;
C中, now是副词，right也是副词;
D. about是副词修饰名词6miles。

63. When the sentence “They had made a mess of the house” is turned into passive voice, which of the following is CORRECT?
A. A mess had been made in the house.
B. A mess had been made by them.
C. The house had been made a mess of.
D. The house had been made a mess.
选【C】。

带双宾语的主动变被动结构如下：
Active Voice Passive V oice
S (O i) Be V-ed O d by O (S) (可以省略)
S V O i O d S (O d) Be V-ed for/to O i by O (S) (可以省略)
He (him he) was taken care of (byher).
She took care of him Care was taken of him (by her ).
I (me I) was told a story (by them).
A story was told me (by them).
64. Fool ________ Michael is, he could not have done such a thing.
A. as
B. who
C. that
D. like
选【A】。

as 引导让步状语从句，多把动词、名词、形容词或副词放在引导词之前，although 偶尔也会见到，但不常见，如Try as he might, ...。

Child as he is, …。

Clever as he seems, …。

65. Whe n the sentence “Shall I drive you to the airport first?” is turned into indirect speech, which of the following is most appropriate?
A. He agreed to drive me to the airport first.
B. He offered to drive me to the airport first.
C. He advised me to go to the airport first.
D. He suggested that I drive to the airport first.
选【B】。

ShallI/we…?征询对方意见，对共同的活动提出建议；
request是有礼貌地或正式请求对方，不限人称；
suggest是告诉某人你自己的想法，他们该做什么或他们该去哪里等，有人称限制，是他们，不包括说话人；
advise是告诉某人你认为他们该做什么，尤其是你对他们所做之事了解得比他们多时。

详情参见如下英文释义：
(1) shall I/we ... ? In questions containing shall I/ we, shall consults the wishes of the addressee, and thus moves from a volitional towards an obligational meaning. It is suitable for making offers and for making suggestions about shared activities:
Shall I/we deliver the goods to your home address? [=Do you want me/us t o . . .?:
What shall we do this evening? Shall we go to the theatre? （Quirk.1985,230）
（2）request ：formal to ask for something in a polite or formal way :
I requested that they not interrupt me. I request that she go alone.
(3)suggest: to tell someone your ideas about what they should do, where they should go etc:
Her mother suggested that she should go and see the doctor.
I suggest you call him first.
It has been suggested that the manager will resign if any more players are sold.
(4) advise: to tell someone what you think they should do, especially when you know more than they do about something :
Experts advise that sunscreen be reapplied every one to two hours.
(LDOCE, 词条request, suggest, advise)。