中国特色词汇英译

We (You, One) can solve this problem. (or) This problem can be solved
b) A subject may be hidden in a text. One should try to find it and use a subject that fits the way western people express themselves. e.g. 在历史上，由于长江不断改道，在武汉地区形成了 众多的湖泊。 The constant change of the course of the Chanjiang River (Yangtse) in history helped form a great many lakes in the areas around Wuhan. e.g. 古今中外，在商贸市场上历来都是大鱼吃小鱼。 There exists a law at all times and in all countries that the great fish eat up the small in the world of business.
c) The Chinese like to emphasize the initiatives of people， therefore，they like to take a person as a subject. While
people in English speaking countries stress objectiveness of things, so oftentimes they use a thing or a fact as the subject. We should pay attention to that. e.g. 我看当然像这么回事。 It certainly seems so to me.
体现了中美两国妥善解决经济关系快速发展过程中 产生的矛盾和问题、深化合作的愿望。 reflects the two countries to properly resolve the contradictions and problems in the process of rapid development of economic relations, the desire to deepen cooperation. ×
e.g. 北京近几年发生了重大变化。 There have been great changes in Beijing these years. f) In Chinese there are a lot of sentences without a subject, in such a case, add a subject. e.g. 还看不出他能挑得起这副担子。 Nothing suggests that he will be equal to (胜任， 经得起） such a task.
3) 如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么句 子便是文章的 “基本部件”。 If vocabulary is the “building materials” for language, sentences are the “fundamental parts” of writings.
echo (repeat/agree with sb./sth.): sentiment/sound/theme/view/voice trend: continue/follow/set/reflect/show address (talk/speak): address a problem/question/issue etc 抓住机遇： seize the opportunity to 应对挑战： deal with the challenges 既有战略高度，又有立足于现实的经济问题 both a strategic height, and based on the real economic problem × 主流： mainstream
2. 全面建设小康社会 to build a well-off society in an all-round way to build a society in which people lead a fairly comfortable life
3. 加快改革开放和现代化建设步伐 quickening the pace of reform, opening up and modernization
第三单元
句子的英译
第八课 主语的选择 The Selection of Subjects
汉语：主题显著语言（topic-prominent) 英语：主语显著语言（subject-prominent) 主语选择的三种方法： 1) 选择原句的主语； 2) 选择原句中别的成分作主语； 3) 增添主语
How to determine the subject then?
能解决这个问题。
What can we do? i) Add subject “we/you/one”; ii) Take “这个难题” as the subject and use passive voice.
at that place. before next May. with ten million yuan. through investigation and study. if at a high speed. (in) this way. by working ingeniously. with the help from Professor Wang. by adopting a scientific method. when (if) all bear a hand instead of indulge in empty talk.
政策措施：policy measures
Additional Exercises
1.大势所趋，人心所向 ….general trend of development and the common aspiration of the people
2.素质教育 education for all-round development quality-oriented education 3. 应试教育 examination-orienBaidu Nhomakorabeaed education
13. 基础性工程 a basic program 14. 弘扬民族精神和时代精神 enhancing national spirit and a spirit of the times 15. 社会道德风尚 moral habits
16. 物质文明与精神文明 material civilization and spiritual civilization 17. 全面推进建设有中国特色社会主义伟大事业 Advancing the great cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics Team work: work in three or four and translate Example 2. opportunity：grasp/seize take/seize/use an opportunity provide/present/open up an opportunity wasted/lost/missed opportunity challenge: be/pose/present 是挑战；接受挑战 face/meet/respond to/rise to/take on(up) 面对挑战；迎接挑战；起而应付挑战；接受挑战
e) In a Chinese sentence, if the subject indicates a place (sometimes, time), the verb describes a state or is such
words as “有”、“发生”、“出现”，normally the sentence pattern “there be…” is used. e.g. 好像有点不对头。 There seems something wrong with it.
4. 实现第三步战略目标 to attain the strategic goals for the third stage 5. 加强社会主义法制建设 strengthening the socialist legal system 6.依法治国 to rule the country by law 7.加强社会主义道德建设 to improve socialist morality 8. 以德治国 rule the country by virtue
主语的确定
1.以原文主语做译文主语 1）如果 不适当地处理，锅炉或机动车辆排出的 废气就会造成城市空气污染。 Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly, causes air pollution in cities.
2) 幽默是智慧、学识、机敏的结晶，幽默在我们 社会、家庭、工作、学习、生活中不可或缺。 Humor is the cystallization of wit, knowledge, and resourcefulness. It is also indispensible to our work, study, family, society, and life in general.
4. 打铁还需自身硬 One must be strong to forge iron. 5.空谈误国，实干兴邦 Empty talk harms the nation, practical action helps it thrive.
Classroom Exercises: p. 121 四 Assignment: p. 121 一、二、p.124 五（１）
9. 公民的道德建设 the improvement of civic morality
10. 社会主义市场经济 socialist market economy 11.社会主义道德体系 socialis moral system
12. 提高全民素质 improving the quality of the whole Chinese nation
第七课 中国文化特色词语的英译（II） The English Translation of Chinese Cultural words and Expressions (II)
Team work: work in three or four and translate Example 1. 1.社会主义道德建设 improve socialist morality
a) Subject Chinese: very casual, i. e., all parts of speech English: very strict, only noun, noun phrases, etc. e.g. 那个地方
* 明年五月以前 100 万元 调查研究 快 *（用）这种方法 巧干 从王教师那里 把技术员的积极性调动起来 * 如果运用科学的方法 人人都动手而不是坐而论道
e.g. 你做这件事不费吹灰之力。 It is very easy for you to do such a thing.
d) In English, passive voice is much used. Try to use: “众所周知”、“大家一致认为”、“人们普遍认为”、“有 人建议”、“人们预测”、“有消息说”、“有报道说”， and “It is (was)+ 动词过去分词 + that从句。