雅思阅读语法11__分词作状语

2.作原因状语 3. 作伴随状语
1）Not knowing his address, she went to a policeman for help. 2) Being ill, he was late for school.
1) He stood against the door, reading a newspaper. (表伴随情况) 2) I stayed up very late, preparing my speech.(说明细节情况)
分词作状语与IELTS Reading
学员：谭镱涵
分词作状语
分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个 句子，表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、 结果、条件、伴随状况等。
1.分词作状语形式的选择
形式 v.ing (doing)
意义
与句中主语构成逻辑 上的主谓关系，与句 中谓语动词同时发生， 或基本上同时发生。
Having+v.-ed (having done)
v.-ed (done)
与句中主语构成逻辑 上的主谓关系，先于 谓语动词发生。
与句中主语构成逻辑 上的动宾关系
being+v.-ed (being done)
与句中主语构成逻辑 上的动宾关系,且与谓 语动词同时发生，一 般作原因状语置于句 首。
having been+v-ed 与句中主语构成逻辑 (having been done) 上的动宾关系,且先于
分词的语态 1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。
e.g.: He is the man giving you the money. （= who gave you…）他就是给你钱的那个人。
He is the man stopped by the car. （= who was stopped by…）他就是那个被车拦住的 人。
6.作结果状语
1）She was caught in a heavy rain, falling ill.
2) The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces.
注：现在分词作结果状语，表示由谓语动词部 分所造成的结果。
1）表时间状语
Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
谓语动词发生。
2.分词作状语的基本原则
1）分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持 一致。
2）分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关 系，否则不能使用分词作状语。
1）Being ill, he didn’t go to school. 2) Given much more time, he would do it better.
3)表方式、伴随情况的状语 ：作伴随状语的分 词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个 动作，或是 与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或 是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补 充说明。
Eg. He sat on the sofa, watching TV.
由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。 Thinking he might be at home, I called him. (=As I thought he might be at home, I called him.)
Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice. (= because I don’t know what to do, I want to ask …)
Eg. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. （听见和进入两个动 作同时发生）
TБайду номын сангаасe building being built now is our new library. （being built为现在分词的被动形 式，表示动作正在进行之中。）
4.作条件状语
1）Given a chance, I can surprise the world.
2) Seen from the top of the hill, our school looks very beautiful.
5.作让步状语
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
Having done the work, he went home. 完成 了工作，他就回家了。
分词作状语
1.作时间状语
1）Having finished his homework, he went to play football.
2) Hearing the news, they got excited.
2) 表原因状语
Being ill, he didn’t go to school.
既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习。 Being a student, you should study hard. (=Since you are a student, you should study hard.）
(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.)
Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.
（= After he had watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.）
单独的分词（短语）作状语： 注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的
主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就 选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
e.g.: Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。