高考英语 词义猜测题
广东高考英语阅读理解--猜测词义
无条件的，绝对的
没有判断力的
er or ian 后缀,构成可数名词 ist ese ess ment tion ness 后缀,构成抽象名词 sion ery ing
re 重复 co 共同,平等 dis mini 小 in over 过度 mis 否定前缀 super 超出 un pre ---前 non post ---后 vice 副的 en 使--可能 tele 远程
语言学
2. We are on the night shift ----from midnight to 8 a.m.---this week.
夜班
5. 根据因果关系
Guess the meaning of the word
1.All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key. 徒劳的 2.She did not hear what you said because she was completely 全神贯注 engrossed in her reading.
A.商店里的小偷 B.商店里的推销员
C.商店里的老客户
D.商店里的搬运工
3. 根据同Βιβλιοθήκη 词，反义词关系1.The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, 取代 the law that was in effect last year. 2. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”. 不同意 3. In many nations there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth．
超实用高考英语复习： 阅读理解突破之词义猜测题(原卷版)
阅读理解突破之词义猜测题距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
高考命题取向正确理解文中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础，不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。
但英语单词、短语的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同语境会有所不同。
能根据上下文理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
在高考阅读理解中，词义猜测题通常有以下三种情况：推测划线单词或短语的含义；推测划线代词指代含义；推测划线句子的含义。
对于推测划线单词或短语的含义，可以依据定义、同位语、文章中的例子、对比关系或比较关系、构词法、并列结构、因果关系等来解题；对于推测代词含义，可以从宏观上充分把握代词指代内容涉及段落的整体含义，并从微观入手抓住关键词或关键句，弄清逻辑关系（因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等）来解题；关于推测划线句含义，采用三步法—一定位，返回原文，定位划线句子，理清句子结构；二分析，分析划线句子前后语境，根据关键信息和逻辑关系（因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等）合理推断句意；三比较，比较选项，找出与推断出的句义相似的选项。
高考英语阅读理解专项训练之一 词义猜测
高考英语阅读思路专项训练之一猜测词义一、词义理解题常见的题型有:The author uses the word “…” to mean ____.The underlined word (phrase, term) “…” means _____.According to the passage, the word “…” properly means _____.The word “…” in paragraph … refers to ____.By “…”, the author means _____.which of the following is closest in meaning to “…”?What is “…”?二、猜测词义方法1）Definition and explanation 利用定义和解释猜测词义；He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway. The underlined word means____.A.strongB. firmC. kindD. clever2) Experience 根据普通常识和经验推测生词的词义1.Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works.A.to work to liveB. to eat to liveC. to teach to liveD. to pay to use2. A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience take an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so.Th e word “audience” in the paragraph means ____.A.studentsB. people who watch a playC. people who act on the stageD. people who listen to something3) Related Information 即根据上下文的语境来猜测生词的词义。
易错点16 阅读理解：词义猜测题(4大陷阱)-备战2024年高考英语考试易错题(解析版)
易错点16 阅读理解词义猜测题目录01 易错陷阱（3大陷阱）02 举一反三【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点【易错点提醒三】句意猜测易混易错点03 易错题通关易错陷阱1：词义/词组指代易混易错点。
【分析】这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必不可少的能力。
平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。
易错陷阱2：代词指代猜测易混易错点。
【分析】阅读材料中的每个词与它前面的词语或句子甚至段落都有着密切的关联。
有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，应当对前面提到的内容进行总结，认真查找，才能得出代词所指代的事。
易错陷阱3：句意猜测易混易错点。
【分析】此类题型应当定位画线句子，充分利用语法和逻辑关系分析原句。
同时分析理解画线句前后的语境，合理归纳总结找出与原句意思相同的选项并代入画线处验证。
切不可因为句中出现熟词，而脱离语境，望文生义。
【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点【例1】（湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三阶段试题）She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer, providing faster calculations for an accurate Earthmodel. This detailed mathematical model of the shape of the Earth was a building block for what would become the GPS orbit.What does the underlined phrase “a building block” in paragraph 5 mean?A．A basic part.B．A detailed map.C．A building material.D．A major obstacle.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案)
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。
考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in the la st paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”．What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构：代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
高考英语大题精做04阅读理解词义猜测题(含解析)新人教
词义猜测题【题型突破】词义猜测题有逐渐增加的趋势,尤其是猜测词组、句意题.因为猜测词组、句意题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点/态度等。
联系文章主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。
近几年命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力.【命题方式】1.The word/phrase＂…＂in the passage means _________.2。
The word/phrase＂…＂can be best replaced by _________。
3. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to _________?4.The word/phrase＂…＂probably refers to _________。
5.What does the underlined word/phrase＂…＂in the passage mean?词义猜测题要根据词、词组、句子所在的上下文语境来判断其意义，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断.熟练以下猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。
猜词方法依据猜词方法依据定义有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释,这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
指代关系it,that,this，he，him,them可指上文提到的事、物、人。
有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的对象。
同位关系阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系进行猜测。
同义关系当词或短语之间有并列连词and，or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，从而推知其大致意Passage1（2017·新课标卷I ，D ）drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U 。
2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)第03讲 词义猜测题(讲义)(解析版)
卷别
题号
2024
新高考I卷
28
新高考II卷
32
全国甲卷
26
浙江卷1月
24
2023
新高考I卷
29
新高考II卷
30
全国甲卷
24
全国乙卷
34
浙江卷1月
24、29
2022
新高考I卷
30
新高考II卷
24、30
全国甲卷
28
全国乙卷
29
考点一
知识点
分析近三年新高考卷及全国卷考查词义猜词的题目可知，对短语的考查与对生词的考查都有所涉及，短语已经不再限制于由课标词组成的短语了，出现了非课标词。无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读篇章中需要理解的生词，都可运用逻辑关系、上下文、生活常识、文化背景、构词法等来猜测其含义。因此，在阅读过程中，考生需要结合语境，联系上下文进行猜测。此外，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对提高阅读能力都有非常重要的意义。
What does the underlined phrase “a building block” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．A basic part.B．A detailed map.C．A building material.D．A major obstacle.
【解析】划线词句前文“She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer, providing faster calculations for an accurate Earthmodel. (她编写了一台IBM 7030 Stretch计算机，为精确的地球模型提供了更快的计算。)”说明这个数学模型是GPS的基础，从而推知划线词句“(这个关于地球形状的详细数学模型是GPS轨道的a building block。)”其中划线短语应为“基石”的意思，与A项同义。考生容易脱离语境，只记得数词building之义，误选C项。
高考英语阅读理解 词义猜测
词义猜测知识摘要一、高考阅读理解词义猜测类题目常见的设问方式1. The word “…” refers to/ probably means ________.2. The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by ________.3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for?4. By saying “…” we mean ________.5. “…” as used in the passage can best be defined as ________.6. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “…”?考点梳理一、利用指代关系猜测找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词所指代的内容。
连读前、后段落，主要看前面的句子所出现的名词及相当于名词的表达。
二、利用定义语猜测对于某个陌生词，作者一般会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。
这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。
线索词有that, which, is等。
三、利用定语或同位语猜测通常引出同位语的词有or, that is, in other words等，还有以括号或破折号的形式出现。
在这些标记词后较易找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。
四、利用文章中的举例猜测根据文章所举的例子，从具体到一般，猜出该生词的意思。
五、利用对比或比较的词语猜测运用有对比关系的词语，例如反义词，可以暗示出生词的含义。
这类词主要有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast to等。
标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。
六、利用构词法猜测分析复合词，从该词的各个部分的特定意思及联系上猜出该词的意思。
2023高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题强化练(十)词句猜测题词义猜测类
专题强化练（十）词句猜测题——词义猜测类A（2022·广东七校联合体高三第二次联考试卷）I started out with animals as a volunteer in a safari park.For me，it's about both providing care and supporting their conservation in the wild，which is what led me to Laos in Southeast Asia，setting up a sanctuary for sun and moon bears.They are facing a tough time—they are caught in the wild，and then sold to bear bile（胆汁）farms where they are treated inhumanely.It was full steam ahead right from the start.Before I even boarded the plane to Laos，Matt，a friend from the charity Free The Bears，had called me saying they had rescued a tiny female sun bear.They named it Mary.She was found in a tiny cage on the back of a truck that was filled with rubbish.When I met Mary for the first time，she was scared and weak，but after a few days in a caring environment with the right nutrition she quickly found her feet.It wasn't all easy work.I remember taking her for a walk one day and she shot off up a tree far beyond our reach just as we were heading back to our nursery centre.She loves honey，but she was so intelligent（and stubborn）that she wouldn't just e for it.I ended up having to trick her with a game，and finally managed to get her low enough to grab her.I have countless memories like that which will always make me laugh.But it's still mentally exhausting to know that more than 10，000 bears are kept in cages across Asia.So I can't describe the feeling of great joy when we get them into our centre.Seeing them take their first steps on the grass after knowing nothing but bars and concrete is what it's all about.They deserve to have the life they were intended for.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。
2023年高考英语阅读理解 专题04 猜词题
2023年高考英语阅读理解专题04 猜词题专题04 猜词题Part1 技巧导图Part2 知识详解Part3 词义猜测题特点Part4 词义猜测题七大猜词技巧Part5 构词法基础知识Part1 技巧导图Part2 知识详解Part3 词义猜测题特点猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
同时，考生应掌握一些猜词技巧，通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义。
词义猜测题思维导图【设问形式】•The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means .•“…” as used in the passage can best be defined as…•What do you think the expression “…” stands for?•What does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph?•Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”?•The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by…•Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”?•What does the author mean by “…” in paragraph 2?Part4 词义猜测题七大猜词技巧1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。
标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。
2025版高考英语一轮总复习专题十二猜测词义习题
专题十二揣测词义5年高考题组一记叙文Passage 1 (2024全国甲,C)话题:人际关系与社会交往难度:中词数:356 When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don t worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe.A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe!Safe!Safe!”And that s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I d given it up.When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I ve traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear; tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving (穿梭)among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded(滑)up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. Butsoon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”1.What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?A.He felt disappointed.B.He gave up his hobby.C.He liked the weather there.D.He had disagreements with his family.2.What do the underlined words“Safe!Safe!Safe!”probably mean?A.Be careful!B.Well done!C.No way!D.Don t worry!3.Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?A.To join the skateboarding.B.To make new friends.C.To learn more tricks.D.To relive his childhood days.4.What message does the author seem to convey in the text?A.Children should learn a second language.B.Sport is necessary for children s health.C.Children need a sense of belonging.D.Seeing the world is a must for children.答案[语篇解读] 作者讲解并描述了自己通过滑板运动与伦敦当地的爱好者沟通、互动的故事。
2024届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题强化练十词句猜测题__词义猜测类
专题强化练(十)词句猜测题——词义猜测类A(2023·石家庄高三质检(二))Every holiday season，Patricia Gallagher fills her car with stuffed animals and drives around Philadelphia.She gives them not to kids but to seniors.Patricia's holiday tradition started in2009.“I just got this idea of calling two nursing homes at random and asking if I could come and read books on New Year's day，”she said.She brought some of her kids'stuffed animals for the seniors to hold while she read.“But when I went to gather them and take them back to go to the next nursing home，nobody wanted to give up their stuffed animals，”she added.It was then and there that she realized the power of a simple holiday gift.Patricia wanted to continue her tradition of giving，so she put an ad online，asking for gently used stuffed animals.In her first two years of collecting，she received more than11，000donated stuffed animals.She said sometimes local schools would hold stuffed animal collections on her behalf，or a child who outgrew their toys would donate.After receiving too many，Patricia started capping how many she would collect at a time，and said she could only take in about250stuffed animals each week during the holiday season.Then，she took them to nursing homes.“The elderly want stuffed animals not only for comfort，but also because they were conversation starters and reminded them of their childhood，”she said.And she recalled one man said，“You know，I never wanted to go to school.And my father said if I would go that day，he would take me to the Brooklyn Zoo.And you know what？This was the first animal I saw there and it looked just like this giraffe.”Spreading joy isn't just a holiday pastime for Patricia.She is also known as the“Happy Flower Lady”around Philadelphia，because she collects old flowers from stores and gives them to anyone who needs a pickmeup.“When you give，you really do get more back，”Patricia said.“Every morning，whether it's the flowers or the stuffed animals，I have a purpose.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。
2025届高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题解题策略及真题练习+课件
3. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate.
A. pretty
B. passive C. protective D. energetic
Practice 根据上下文语境推断词义。
4. At first, Gao was a hardworking and honest man who sells fish to make a
1. Mr.Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
adj.健谈的
同义或近义 synonym or near-synonym
利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知划线词的 意 思 。 常 见 信 号 词 (clues) ： and, or, also, as...as, just as, similarly等
原因：because，as，since(因为)，for(因为) 结果：so，thus，as a result , therefore, so that …
8.The museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibitions in one day. adj. 大的
利用对比或转折的信号词，然后根据反义词线索猜测词义。 常见信号词/词组有：but, yet(然而), despite(尽管), however, while(但是), unfortunately(不幸地), on the other hand, on the contrary(相反), in contrast, instead of, rather than, not as…as, not the same as…等
高考英语阅读理解中词义猜测题猜词题
（1）利用所出现生词的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进 一步的叙述，猜测词义。例如: the female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood . （2）利用文中的例子猜测词义 。 例如 ：Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares ,circles and triangles . (3)利用文中说明词义的同位语或定语等猜测词义。 例如：The type of meter is called multimeter ,which is used to measure electricity .
(4）利用文中所出现的，与某生词或词组意义相 反的内容猜测词义。 例如：American businessman expect employees to be punctual .They do not expect that the workers will come late . (5) 利用构词法知识猜测词义。 例如：Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80ml of an antipoison medicine to be saved .
高考英语二轮复习：根据上下文推断单词的含义—单词词义猜测题讲义(含答案)
根据上下文推断单词的含义——单词词义猜测题一、单词词义猜测题常见的设问方式1. What does the underlined word “...” in the ... paragraph mean / refer to?2. What does the word “...” in Paragraph ... refer to?3. The underlined word “...” in Paragraph ... is closest in meaning to _____.4. The underlined word “...” in Paragraph ... means / can be replaced by _____.5. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “...” in Paragraph ...?6. Which of the following best explains “...” underlined in Paragraph ...?二、单词词义猜测题解题技巧单词词义猜测题要求考生理解文章中单词的含义，故正确理解上下文是解题的关键。
除了通过语境进行推断以外，我们还可以采用以下方法：1. 通过定义或解释猜测词义。
用于下定义或解释的单词或短语有or, mean, in other words, be defined as, be described as, be seen as, refer to, that is, that is to say 等。
有些定义或解释是通过破折号、冒号、括号、同位语（从句）或定语从句来表示的。
2. 通过所举例子猜测词义。
用于举例的单词或短语有 like, including, such as, for example, for instance 等。
3. 通过对比关系猜测词义。
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题附答案
阅读理解专项打破III词义猜测【命题特点】考察依据上下文推想生词和短语实力,突出考察对语境分析和把握实力。
【常见考法】1. The underlined word “…〞probably means____.2. The word “…〞used in paragraph “…〞refers to/suggests____.3. The phrase “…〞in the sentence can be replaced by ____.4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…〞5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…〞6. By saying “…〞, we mean_____.7. What do you think of the expression “…〞stands for8. The meaning of word “…〞in the passage is related to_____.一．通过定义或说明推想语义有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。
这些修饰成分可以扶植我们推断诞生词语义〔1〕定义句谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define〔下定义〕, represent, signify〔表示，说明〕, constitute〔指。
〕等。
〔2〕说明那么常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is〔to say〕, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面信息加以重复或说明。
超实用高考英语复习：阅读理解——词义猜测题 ----测 (解析版)
专题15 阅读理解：词意猜测题备考高考英语二轮复习名校最新模拟试题词义猜测（共20小题）1. (云南省昆明市云南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期适应性月考)Although it can be found in natural vanilla bean extract, vanillin also can be made synthetically using chemicals coming from petrol. To create it from plastic, instead, researchers genetically modified a strain of E. coli bacteria so that it can make vanillin from a raw material used in the production of plastic bottles.33. Which of the following words has the closest meaning to the underlined word “synthetically” in paragraph 3?A. NaturallyB. ArtificiallyC. BiologicallyD. Industrially【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。
由第三段“Although it can be found in natural vanilla bean extract, vanillin also can be made synthetically using chemicals coming from petrol. To create it from plastic, instead, researchers genetically modified a strain of E. coli bacteria so that it can make vanillin from a raw material used in the production of plastic bottles. (虽然香草香精可以在天然香子兰豆提取物中找到，但也可以使用来自汽油的化学物质synthetically香草香精。
(配套学案)高考英语真题词义猜测题专练
高考英语真题词义猜测题专练做题方法指导做阅读理解，最怕遇到生词，不仅影响文章的理解，也会拖慢阅读速度，而在阅读理解当中，生词又是不可避免的，如何解决呢？词义猜测题是高考英语阅读题的一种必考题型，常用以下方法：一、根据前后语法关系即根据所在段落、前后句的定语从句限定修饰关系，同位语从句的解释说明关系，同类代词指代，破折号，冒号等语法关系来判断词义。
1)Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. … ________________2)His father is an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language. ________________3)In your spare time, you may look through any of these periodicals: Time Magazine, News Week, or The New Worker. ________________二、注意表逻辑关系的词注意前后句子的转折、因果等关键信息词，如while, but, however, so, therefore, thus等。
也可利用同义关系，如that is, in short, namely, similarly, such as等。
4)Mrs.Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type. ________________5)He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated . ________________三、利用上下文语境**即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义。
2024年新高考英语一轮复习专题 21 阅读理解之词义猜测题(含答案解析)
专题21 阅读理解（词义猜测题）1.（2023·广东深圳·高三统考期末）On the outside, 12-year-old Luna seems like your average kid. It's not until you get to know her that you learn that Luna is anything but average.Bom with a heart defect (缺陷)called dextrocardia, Luna has had three open-heart operations and continues to pursue her interests in art and fashion. But when Luna was approached by athletic shoe company Saucony to design a shoe for sale across the country, it came as quite a surprise.“This is so incredible. I got to use my art and creativity for something new that I'd never thought I'd be able to design,“ Luna said. She is one of six patients from Boston Children's Hospital ( BCH) who have partnered with Saucony to design their own shoe to launch the Shoes with Soul campaign.“Rather than just a donation, we wanted to create an experience and a moment that would not only raise money, but also awareness to highlight all the amazing work that's being done at BCH,“ says Chris, Saucony's vice president. “Specifically, we wanted to give some of the BCH kids an opportunity to share their story and their talents with the world. ”Luna's design is fashion. u On the tongue ,they digitalized one of my drawings, and then on bottom it's a really bright pink color, and on the inside ,the sole of the shoe is actually another drawing I did of a sunset,“ she said. "Thinking about kids everywhere around the world wearing my shoe is amazing. It blows my mind.”The income from the shoe sales will benefit the Boston Children's Hospital Cardiac Fitness Program, which encourages kids to “find your possible" through personalized exercise programs tailored for each individual patient's heart condition.“It feels really good to help people and it's really something I can relate to,“ says Luna. “The advice I would give a kid or someone like me is never give up. There are a lot of kids out there with your condition and you're not alone.”1．What can we learn from Chris' words?A．It's unwise to raise money.B．It's optional to seek donations.C．It's wonderful to study art.D．It's necessary to show kids' talents.2．What does Luna mean by “It blows my mind" in paragraph 5?A．I'm overjoyed.B．['m very serious.C．My mind goes blank.D．My mind is racing.3．Which of the following best describes Luna?A．Gifted and determined.B．Generous and serious.C．Grateful and helpful.D．Creative and sensitive.4．What is the text mainly intended to do?A．Tell us a story of a disabled girl.B．Set a good example to the disabled.C．Launch Saucony's new brand shoes.D．Introduce a campaign with kid patients.【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．D【分析】这是一篇记叙文。
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2012年高考英语 词义猜测题词义猜测题主要考查考生根据文章内容和所学知识推测词义的能力，包括考查生词词义或熟词新义，或是一些短语的引申意义或是一句话的含义。
近几年的高考阅读理解题中，词义猜测类题越来越受到命题者的青睐，这就要求广大考生多多练习。
推测生词或短语的意义阅读理解题中所设置的词义猜测类题多是对生词、短语、指示代词的猜测。
一方面，命题者要求考生所猜测的单词或短语可能是已学过的或是考生较熟悉的，但高考所考查的是不太常见的意思；另一方面命题者要求考生所猜测的单词或短语可能是考生没有学过的。
此时，对单词或短语的猜测不要停留在字面上,要根据语境来判断。
考生可以通过构词法知识分析生词词义,或通过上下文尤其是生词所在的句子以及其前后两句话猜测词义。
还可以通过联想进行推测,即回想已知词汇中是否存在拼写与该生词类似的词。
常用的几种猜词方法如下：1.利用副词或连词的转折、因果等关系有些词虽然不能直接猜测出其意义，但在上下文中能找到一些与之具有对比关系的[JP3]词，通过了解这些词的意义，就可以推断出所考查词的意思。
考生通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。
还可以通过近义词或反义词提供的信息猜测生词的词义。
俗话说，＂有因必有果，有果必有因＂。
根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。
如because, since 与as 是连接原因状语从句的从属连词;so 是连接表示结果状语从句的连词;so...that与such...that中的that是连接结果状语从句的连词。
当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中，考生通过因果关系，依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。
2.构词法(此法亦是记忆单词之妙法)合成法。
合成词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的。
遇到这类生词时可根据合成法来猜测词义。
英语的合成词有合成形容词、合成名词等。
合成形容词的构成方法如下：（1）形容词+现在分词，如good-looking好看的;（2）副词+现在分词,如hard-working辛勤的，工作努力的;（3）名词+现在分词，如peace-loving爱好和平的;（4）名词+过去分词,如state-owned国有的。
合成名词的常见构成方式有：(1)名词+名词，如silkworm蚕;(2)形容词+名词,如shorthand速记；（3现在分词+名词，如waiting room 候车室，sleeping pill安眠药；（4动词+名词，如pickpocket扒手。
派生法。
派生法，即在词根的基础上加上前缀、后缀，便可构成另一单词。
只要掌握了词根和前后缀的意义，就可猜测出它们组成的新词的词义。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。
如appear出现→disappear 消失，correct正确的→incorrect不正确的。
(2)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence（表示行动或状况），-er/-or(从事某事的人)；-ese(……国的人)；-ess(女……，雌……)等。
如differ不同于→difference区别,wri te写→writer作家,Japan日本→Japanese日本人,act表演→actress女演员。
(3)构成动词的后缀常用的有-en(使成为，变得)；-fy(使……化)；-ize(成为)等。
如dark→darken变黑,beauty→beautify美化,pure→purify净化,real→realize意识到。
中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀:super-（超级，上层）；inter-（在……之间）；-able（能……的）；mini-（小的，短的）；micro-（微小的）；re-（再，重新）；sub-（分支，在……下面）；co-（共同）；post(后)；pre-（先于）；trans-（超越,进入）；under-（在……之下,不足）；-hood（……的状态）；-ish（有……性质的,有点……的）；-scope（……镜）；ship（资格,权力,性质）；-some-wardsmis-（误，错）；un-（不,非）；in-（不,非）；im-（不, 非）； dis-（不，非，相反）；non-（无，没有）；-less （没有, 无）；anti-（反,对立面）；Sino-转化法。
转化法指在词形不变的情况下，一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性。
如better 是good 或well 的比较级形式，意为"较好的"，而转化为动词后则意为"胜过"；down 作副词时其词义为"在下面"，转化为动词后则意为"击倒"。
由此可见，掌握一定的构词法知识，考生就可以很容易猜出词义。
3.利用文中的定义、例子或上下文猜测词义许多生词可以在文中找到相关的解释或定义，常见的一些标志性词有that is, me an, like 等。
也可以利用标点符号，如破折号，或者利用同位语理解词义。
有时文中出现一些结论性的词汇，然后通过举例的方式对所列词汇进行具体的例证说明。
做题时，考生可以通过作者所列举的具体词汇分析其共同点，抓住其共性，推测出所给词汇的意义；有时候考生需要结合上下文的语境获取答案。
4.经验、常识法在阅读的过程中,如遇到生词,考生有时还可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验,或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。
比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、社会制度等,可以帮助考生很好地理解文章。
下面列举几个例子，让我们看看高考真题中是如何猜测词义的例I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves, most of my childhood wa s spent on books I could get hold of. In fact, I grew up thinking of reading a s natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspectives(观点) by creating worlds we could step into, take part in and live in.With this unshakable belief, I, at fourteen, decided to become a writer. He re too, reading became useful. Every writer starts off knowing that he has som ething to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to fin d his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his ow n world. He cannot write without loving to read, because only through reading other people’s writing can one discover what works, what doesn’t and, in theend, together with lots of practice, what voice he has....42. The underlined word "voice" in the second paragraph most probably means" ".A. an ideaB. a sound qualityC. a way of writingD. a world to write about解析C。
词义猜测题。
根据文中的"Every writer starts off knowing that he ha s something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own voice by reading widely..."可以推断出voice在语法功能和语义上与the right ways相似，所以该词的意思是"写作方式"。
例I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first ti me I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and h ad brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the tra in. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Econo mics....From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. I st ared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time....I looked forward to the return journey.68. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word "relish" in the second paragraph?A. chooseB. enjoyC. prepare forD. carry on解析B。