中石化英语分级测试机职称英语考试资料(阅读理解)

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中石化职称英语中级样卷

中级职称英语考卷子子〔120分钟内完成〕一、阅读理解〔单项选择题，每题2分，共30分〕短文1〔10分〕It was once thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and, or heavy automobile traffic. Today, we know that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the entire eastern half of the United States and led to health warnings even in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be affected by air pollution. Some scientists feel that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels is creating a “greenhouse effect 〞—holding in heat reflected from earth and raising the world’s average temperature. If this view is correct and the world’s temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston and New Orleans will be under water.Another view is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth’s temperature —a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age, and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. At present we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen. Perhaps, if we are very lucky, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world’s temperature will stay about the same as it is now.1. As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution________.A. caused widespread damage in the countrysideB.affected the entire eastern half of the United StatesC.had damaging effects on healthD.existed merely in urban and industrial areas2. As far as the greenhouse effect is concerned, the author________.A. shares the same view with the scientistsB. is uncertain of its occurrenceC. rejects it as being ungroundedA.thinks that it will destroy the world soon3. The word “offset〞in the second paragraph could best be replaced by________.A. slip intoB. make up forC. set upD. catch up with4. It can be inferred from the passage that________.A. raising the world’s temperature only a few degrees would not do much harm to life on earthB.lowering the world’s temperature merely a few degrees would leadmany major farming areas to disasterC.almost no temperature variations have occurred over the pastdecadeD.the world’s temperature will remain constant in the years to come5. This passage is primarily concerned with________.A.the greenhouse effectB.the burning of fossil fuelsC.the potential effect of air pollutionD.the likelihood of a new ice age短文2〔10分〕短文3〔10分〕二、英译汉〔将以下短文译成汉语，共40分〕短文1〔20分〕〔500-600字符〕Evolving your business is not just about IT. Change cannot happen without the people in an organization embracing a new mindset. For a company to respond rapidly to, say, a rival’s change of direction, quickly deploying software to offer customers something similar is the aim. However, business experts say that the IT tools are useless without the backing of the people in the organization, particularly managers.Resistance to change, territorial behavior and a rigid business structure can all stand in the way. “Manager procrastination has led tomissed opportunities. The line manager must act fast. Agility is about improving the cycle time for managerial action.〞Says Pahalad, a business dynamics expert at the University of Michigan.短文2〔20分〕〔500-600字符〕三、汉译英〔将以下句子译成英语，共30分〕共6个题，4个单句，2个从句，每题5分例句：单句：这项研究进展非常顺利。

中石油职称英语考试阅读练习

中石油职称英语考试阅读练习English is a Crazy Language1.Let's face it-English is a crazy language. There is no egg in eggplant nor ham in hamburger; neither apple nor pine in pineapple. English muffins weren't invented in England nor French fries in France. Sweetmeats are candies while sweetbreads, which aren't sweet, are meat.1.让我们接受现实吧—英语是一种疯狂的语言。

茄子(eggplant，字面意为鸡蛋植物)里并没有鸡蛋，汉堡包(hamburger，字面意为火腿夹饼)里也没有火腿。

同样，菠萝(pineapple，字面意为松树苹果)里既没有松树也没有苹果。

松饼(English muffin，字面意为英式松饼)并不是英国人发明的，而炸薯条(French fries，字面意为法式油炸食品)也不是法国人的发明。

“甜肉”(sweetmeat)指的是蜜饯，而(while)“甜面包”(sweetbread)不是甜的，它指的是牛杂碎。

2. We take English for granted. But if we explore its paradoxes, we findthatquicksand can work slowly, boxingrings are square and aguinea pig isneitherfrom Guinea nor is it a pig. ( nor引导的倒装句) Andwhyit is thatwriters writebutfingers don't finge, grocers don't groce and hammers don'tham?Iftheplural of tooth is teeth,why isn'tthe plural ofbooth beeth?Ifyou have one goose, two geese,why notone moose, twomeese, or one index, two indices?2.我们理所当然地接受了英语的一切，但是如果我们分析一下英语中似是而非的情况，我们马上就会发现“快的沙子”(quicksand，流沙，也只陷阱，困境)往往走得很慢，“拳击的圆圈”(boxing rings，拳击场)是方的，“几内亚猪”(guinea pig，天竺鼠)既不是来自几内亚，也不是猪。

中石化英语分级测试机职称英语考试资料(阅读理解)

沥青混凝土摊铺松铺系数1. 什么是松铺系数好吧，咱们先从“松铺系数”说起。

这可不是啥高深的学问，而是咱们在摊铺沥青混凝土时得考虑的重要因素。

简单来说，松铺系数就是在摊铺过程中，咱们会让沥青混凝土铺得“松松垮垮”的程度，明白了吗？哎，别小看这个小小的系数，它可是跟咱们路面的平整度、耐久性，甚至行车的舒适度密切相关。

你想想，如果路面不平坦，车一颠一颠的，那开车的感觉就像在坐过山车，真是让人哭笑不得呀。

2. 为什么要关注松铺系数2.1 路面质量那么，为什么咱们要特别关注这个松铺系数呢？首先，它直接关系到路面的质量。

一个好的路面，不光得平整，还得有一定的承载能力。

这时候，松铺系数就显得格外重要。

如果铺得太松，路面就容易出现裂缝，甚至会掉渣，简直跟过期的牛奶一样，让人心疼。

2.2 施工效率其次，松铺系数还影响施工效率。

你想啊，工程师们辛辛苦苦摊铺的沥青，如果松铺系数不合适，可能还得重新来过，浪费时间和钱，那真是“打水漂”呀。

咱们常说“工欲善其事，必先利其器”，施工的时候可不能马虎。

3. 松铺系数的计算3.1 实际操作说到这里，咱们得聊聊如何计算这个松铺系数了。

别担心，这里没有复杂的数学公式，主要是根据实际操作来判断。

通常情况下，松铺系数的标准值在1.0到1.3之间，具体的数值还得根据不同的材料和环境来调整。

这就像做饭，放盐也得看口味，太多太少都不行。

3.2 经验积累当然，计算松铺系数可不仅仅是靠公式，更多的还是经验积累。

就像老一辈的厨师，都是用手去感受食材的状态，时间久了，自然能做出一手好菜。

同样，施工人员在长期的工作中，也会对松铺系数有更直观的把握，做到心中有数。

4. 影响松铺系数的因素4.1 温度接下来，咱们得聊聊什么会影响这个松铺系数。

首先，温度是个大问题。

沥青混凝土在高温下会变得比较稀，松铺系数也会相应提高；而在低温下，它就比较稠，松铺系数则降低。

说白了，天气就像个调皮的小孩，时不时就来捣乱。

4.2 材料再者，使用的材料也是个关键。

中石化职称英语考试阅读理解主观题

阅读理解主观题的介绍阅读理解主观题的命题意图：考查学生通过阅读提取信息、整合信息以及输出信息的能力。

阅读语篇题材和体裁不限，但语篇本身难度会大一些，而且长度会增加一点。

题型中主观题型的阅读理解题都有一席之地，常见的有以下三种题型：1. 问题式; 2. 完成句子式。

3. 表格式。

具体文章如下：例一：In a classroom in any countries, the teacher teaches more than art or history or language. He or she teaches something behind the culture (文化) of the country.In a country such as the United States, people with different history, culture and language join together and they pay much attention to personal ideas. Teachers try to make each student special. Students do not have to remember a lot of information. Instead, they work and find answers by themselves. There is often discussion in the classroom. At an early age students learn to have their own ideas. Their education encourages personal thought(思想). The importance is placed on how to arrive at an answer and not only to get the correct answer.In most Asian countries, people have the same language, history and culture. Perhaps for this reason, the education there pays more attention to group goals than personal ideas. Children in China and Japan often work together and help each other on homework. In the classroom, the ways of teaching are often very traditional. The teacher says, and the students listen. There is not much discussion. Instead, the students repeat (重复) rules or information that they have been taught in order to keep them in mind.In many ways these differences come from different educational ideas. In Western countries teachers are taught to help students to learn. They make it easier for the students to learn by themselves. In some Asian countries, however, teachers often feel that their job is to pass knowledge to students.根据短文内容填写表格。

中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案

I. Vocabulary(20 points)1.Within days he became paralyzed, and people feared that he might die. But he _________.a. absorbedb. dissolvedc. discoveredd. recovered2. Tilden, the other presidential ______, actually received more votes.a. advocateb. candidatec. sponsord. opponent3. An Olympic runner wins a _______.a. medalb. modelc. modled. modest4. To find out how the bees managed to tell time, an unusual experiment was _______ four years ago.a. carried onb. carried awayc. carried outd. carried out5. Every society has its own peculiar custom and _____ of acting.a. waysb. behaviorc. attituded. means6. They ______ their knowledge in the exploding world of ideas.a. modernizeb. supplyc. updated. upgrade7. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ______ in a quiet neighborhood.a. all in allb. above allc. after all d over all8. It’s difficult to divine what constitutes an ______ tip in any country.a. appropriateb. thoughtfulc. considerabled. sufficient9. Shipbuilders would not _____ their money unless they knew that they could make a profit.a. investb. invent d. involve d. invite10. At the end of four years, these six extra hours of each year ____ twenty-four hours, or one full day.a. add up tob. make up forc. come up withd. put up with11. Don’t ______ this news to the public until we give you the go-head.a. releaseb. relievec. related. retain12. Earth is one of nine planets which ______ around the sun.a. spinb. rollc. rotated. revolve13. “No sense in you getting us both killed!” I yelled _____ him.a. atb. withc. tod. out14. What you have done is ______ doctor’s orders.a. attached tob. responsible toc. resistant tod. contrary to15. I want to express the _____ of all of us, for this wonderfully warm welcome.a. appreciationb. enjoyment d. evaluation d. reputation16. We hire and ______ people mainly for their ability to do business.a. proceedb. progressc. promised. promote17. According to government mandate in the Lion City, tipping is not ______.a. admittedb. remittedc. permittedd. emitted18. The environmental costs were regarded more as temporary inconveniences than as _____ liability.a. imaginativeb. peculiarc. persistentd. original19. Scientists predict that the world’s known oil resources will _____ early in the next century.a. run offb. run outc. run upd. run over20. Now a person works for a certain amount of money _____ he can pay for food and clothing.a. in caseb. so thatc. as tod. such asII. Grammar (20 points)21. The basic rock material is referred to ______.a. as the matrixb. be the matrixc. by scientist to be the matrixd. as being the matrix22. The oil industry of India ______ two World Wars and withstood the economic, social andpolitical upheavals of a particularly troubled century.a. survivedb. has survivedc. was survived tod. has been surviving23. Although baleen whale may weigh ______ twenty elephants, it feeds on sea plants andanimals.a. so much tob. as much toc. so much asd. as much as24. Man uses the energy for everything from flying to the moon to ______ about it.a. thinkb. thoughtc. thinkingd. will think25. _______ his arms over his head, Lincoln declared he was the “big buck of the lick.”a. Waveb. Wavingc. Wavedd. Been waved26. ______ retire are still able to receive pension that they have paid into the social security systemduring their working days.a. Most peopleb. since most peoplec. Most people ared. Most people who27. The reward was not always given to everyone, nor _____ to those who deserved it most.a. it was not givenb. was givenc. it was not given nord. was not it given28. Between 1890 and 1970 the monetary costs of supplying energy _____ more or less constantor declined.a. to stayb. was stayedc. stayedd. has stayed29. The water ________ Manhattan has been very important to New York.a. surroundb. is surroundedc. surroundingd. surrounded30. The assumption _____ human cloning rests is that all genetic cells contain exact copies of theoriginal set o9f genetic instructions.a. on whichb. on thatc. at whichd. which31. For the creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they ______ between layers of rock foran enormous length of time.a. been imprisonedb. shall be imprisonc. should be imprisond. will be imprisoned32. The gas-oil contact or gas-water contact_____ the lower limit of producible gas.a. isb. arec. wered. has been33. There is also an interest in sea horse, puffers and other salty types with shapes ____ and colors____ than even the showiest of fresh-water fish.a. more strange…more brightb. stranger…. brighterc. stranger… more brighterd. more strange…brighter34. _______ was a planted sapling of the American redwood tree.a. There is one of the giftsb. One of the gifts thatc. That one of the giftsd. One of thegifts35. An air ship _______ by energy from the sun has been suggested.a. poweringb. to powerc. is poweredd. powered36. Most scientists agree _______ was hot for at least a time.a. some of the moon thatb. some of the moon itc. that some of the moond. while some of the moon37. A group of scientists demanded that the federal government ____ all the studies it has founded on cloning.a. revealb. revealedc. is revealingd. must reveal38. _______ hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists.a. If or notb. Whether or notc. have never heard ofd. had never heard of39. It was something we ________.a. never hear ofb. have never heard ofc. never heard ofd. had never heard of40. “Could I borrow your bike?”“Yes, you_________”.a. canb. couldc. mayd. wouldIII. Reading comprehension (30 points)Question 41-44Saudi Arabia, OPEC’s cautious giant, understands all this. When Bill Clinton met Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Abdullah this week, Mr. Clinton argued for an output rise big eno ugh to put an end to these painful prices. Prince Abdullah has promised to “make every effort to ensure equilibrium in the oil markets and to stabilise prices.” This week he revealed that Saudi Arabia has been quietly leaking an extra 600,000 barrels per day (bpd) on to the market since July in an effort to cool prices..If that is true, it just goes to show that managing the oil markets is easier said than done. Despite several Saudi-inspired output increases by the cartel in recent months, the price has remained stubbornly high; this week, it soared to nearly $35 a barrel, the highest since theGulf war in 1990. As the cartel’s oil ministers gather in Vienna on September 10th to hammer out new production quotas, they are once again under intense pressure to release more oil, and fast.To hear OPEC members talk, you might think that serious price relief is on the way. There is discussion of “managing” prices down through a newish price mechanism. At the cartel’s meeting in March, ministers quietly agreed a grand new plan to keep oil within a target band of $22-28 a barrel. If the price of a basket of seven OPEC crudes stays below $22 for 20 trading days, the cartel is supposed to cut production by 500,000 barrels a 0ay. If it stays above $28 for 20 trading days, it will automatically raise production by the same amount. This price band has become the main topic of discussion in advance of the upcoming gathering of ministers. Prince Abdullah even talks of a return to a stable market within months.Oil traders and analysts note that the 20-day limit looks likely to be triggered again this week.A new report by Lehman Brothers, an investment bank, echoes the view of many: “Our expectation is that production will be increased by 500,000 bpd, either through the price mechanism or through a separate agreement.” When it released new figures suggesting that domestic oil-stock levels are lower than previously thought, the American government’s Energy Information Administration added that it too expects an increase of that size. Adding support to this theory are mumblings from OPEC delegates in support of the mechanism.Two decades ago, in the year of the cartel’s 20th birthday celeb rations, ministers gathered in Indonesia to hammer out details of a clever new scheme: a mechanism whereby the price of oil would be fixed, and adjusted every quarter automatically for such factors as inflation and currency fluctuations. Members had agreed on the ambitious plan, except for one crucial detail: at what price to start this price-peg crawling. The cautious Saudis, the self-proclaimed guardians of the oil market, wanted a price below $30 a barrel; the hawks in the cartel, unconcerned about consumers’ pain, demanded a much higher price. The ensuing bickering ensured that the scheme collapsed.History may now be repeating itself. When the current price-stabilization scheme was first unveiled, punters with short memories placed big bets that the cartel would adhere to it. By mid-June, the price basket had sailed past the 20-day upper trigger. But OPEC did not “automatically” release 500,000 barrels. Various confused and contradictory explanations surfaced from ministers, but not the oil. Only at their next officially scheduled meeting did they come upwith a meager quota increase.41. The passage confirms thata. high oil prices can be controlled if OPEC increase oil output.b. Bill Clinton accomplished his mission for the visit to Prince Abdullah.c. Abdullah made all his efforts to control oil price without considering the benefits of his own country.d. managing the oil market is easier said than done.42. How many oil price schemes were recommended by OPEC ministers according to the passage?a. Oneb. Twoc. Threed. Four43. What’s the author’s opinion about Saudi Arabia?a. Saudi Arabia is the largest country among the members of OPEC.b. Saudi Arabia is the most active country in OPEC to control oil prices for the benefit of the rest of the world.c. Saudi Arabia is the guardian of the world oil market.d. Saudi Arabia seems to have strong intention to control the oil prices to a acceptable level, but ittakes actions very carefully for the consideration of its own benefit.44. What can you infer from the passage?a. OPEC is, in the most cases, not reliable.b. all the members of OPEC have the intention to lower oil prices when the prices get very high.c. The oil prices are fully controlled by the market and OPEC can do nothing with them eventhough they wish tod. In most cases OPEC has been very efficient in managing oil prices.Question 45-48The horse preceded man on earth. Although the earliest remains of primitive horses have been found on the North American continent, many scientist believe this small species traveled over a land mass in the Bering Sea to found the beginnings of the modern horse in Asia. It became extinct in America. Other scientists believe that the horse may have originated in Asia. In any event the animal soon spread into China, Europe, and the Middle East. The first modern horses to be introduced into the American continent came with the early Spanish explorers. Horses were bred into many types. The heavy horses developed in the low countries of Europe and were used for Arabian. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are found in Mongolia. Horses are said to rate in intelligence after the ape, elephant, and dog. They have excellent memories and can sometimes find their way home when lost, and sense danger better that their masters. The early civilizations of man that had made use of ht horse developed more rapidly than those which did not.45. Some of the characteristics of the horse are _________a. poor memoriesb. great loyaltyc. more intelligent the dogd. in some areas they can surpass the abilities of man46. The horse originated___________a. in the Middle Eastb. in Europec. on the North American continentd. in Spain47. The primary uses of the horse for early man were ___________a. for foodb. for prestigec. to make moneyd. to work for him48. What can be said about the varieties of horses?a. The early horses were larger than the more modern breeds.b. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are in the Middle East.c. The oldest breed of the modern horse is said to be the Arabian.d. Medieval knights preferred fast, active horses.Questions 49-52Recent intrusions into the lives of public figures have highlighted the lack of laws guarding privacy in Britain. As a result, one issue under discussion as Parliament returns this week is the possible introduction of legislation to curb press powers.The government will probably take no action until it receives a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt, due in January 1993. the committee is examining whether the press should be regulated by tougher legislation. It is also considering the ways in which the press has invaded the private lives of the famous.The Calcutt committee has reported once before, in 1990. it recommendations led to the creation of the Press Complaints Commission, under which the press was given the chance to regulate itself without the need for a privacy law. It also proposed a new criminal offence of physical intrusion to obtain information for publication.This proposal, which was not acted upon, would have made it unlawful to photograph people on private property to record their conversations without permission. It would have made it an offence to enter a property to place a bug or obtain personal information.The committee said that the press should be allowed to invade the privacy of a public figure only when it was likely to expose or prevent criminal activity, otherwise his or privacy should be left alone. But a general law protecting privacy was rejected.Since then, reports in some newspapers and magazines about people’s private lives have ignored the committee’s recommendations. The private lives of Government Ministers and members of the Royal Family have featured prominently in the press. Photographs of the Duchess of York Sunbathing in France, for example, have been widely published.Some sections of the media justify their intrusion by saying it is in the public interest. In a democracy, they argue, the public has a right to know what people in positions of power are doing. Politicians and others are accountable for their lives. Privacy laws, these critics say, would protect the privileged.Additionally, many politicians use their private lives to gain popular support, for example by parading their families before cameras to emphasized “traditional value”. Hence, some editors say they are justified in prying into private lives to uncover any faults.Likewise, the Royal Family is supported from public funds, and therefore it is argued that its members should lead responsible private lives.49. Which of the following occurred recently in Britain?a. a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt. B. Intrusion into the lives of public figuresc. Introduction of legislation to cub press powerd. The Government’s action to protect privacy.50. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?a. The press has more freedom to publish privacy of the famous after the foundation of the PressComplaints Commission.b. To photograph public figures on public property is legal.c. A privacy law is unnecessary since the press has the ability to regulate itself.d. The Press Complaints Commission was formed out of the press and thus did something in favorof the press51. What kind of people are likely to appreciate the invasion of their private life?a. The members of Calcutt committeeb. royal familyc. pop starsd. somegovernment leaders52. Which is a lawful purpose for intrusion into privacy?a. To disclose criminal activityb. To be in agreement with Privacy Lawc. To gain popular supportd. To protect the privilegedQuestions 53-56When did sport begin? If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sprot is much older than humankind for, as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs and cats wrestle and play ball games. Fished and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable games. Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm wrestlers are demonstrating strong, trans-generational and trans-species bonds with the universe of animals past present and future. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run wrestle, mock, imitate, and laugh( or so it seems) to the point of delighted exhaust. Their play, and ours, appears to serve no other purpose than to give pleasure to the players, and apparently to remove us temporarily form the anguish of life in earnest.Some philosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of our basic nature. In their generous conception, play harmlessly and experimentally permits us to put our creative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action. Play is release form the tedious battles against scarcity and decline which are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This is a grand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim that origins of our highest accomplishments-liturgy, literature and law-can be traced to play a impulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children. Our sports, in this rather happy, non-fatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations of the non-datable, trans-species play impulse.53. The best title for the passage is _________a. Games for Animalsb. The Origins and Meaning of Playc. A Playful View of Modern Philosophyd. The Role of Sport in Child Development54. It seems to the author that young animals play in order to ________a. gain pleasureb. learn specific behavior patternsc. delight their ownersd. exercise their growing muscles55. One may infer from the passage that play is important to adults because it helps them_____a. understand their childrenb. interact more with animals and naturec. channel their creativityd. improve their physical strength56. The word “noble” could best be replace by which of the following?a. snobbishb. wealthyc. royald. admirableQuestion 57-60To ensure similarity in scientific investigation or monitoring, nationally and internationally agreed standards are being introduced. Several systems of documenting experimental methods and procedures are in use today and are becoming increasingly important for indicating data quality and verifying the integrity of studies. One such approach is Good Laboratory Practice which was introduced in 1982 by the Health and Safety Executive to monitor the testing of industrial chemicals. Since 1982 the range of laboratories inspected has been extended to include those working with pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, cosmetics and food additives. Good Laboratory Practice is concerned with the way. laboratory or field studies are planned, monitored, recorded and reported and the conditions under which this occurs. Following the principles of GLP ensures that the studies are properly planned, can be adequately carried out and are fully and accurately reported. As pan ofthe planning, execution and reporting of a study, the various processes carried out are carefully documented as Standard Operating Procedures.The value of long-term observation of environmental factors has only been recognized relatively recently although some monitoring of the environmental factors have been in existence for over a century. The best known long-term study is probably the Broadbalk Experiment at Rothamsted. Broadbalk and the other long-term experiments at Rothamsted and elsewhere are now proving to be extremely valuable by answering questions not considered, nor even conceived, when they were originally set up. Even so they are limited in geographic scope and by the fact that they are confined to one land use category. Current environmental and ecological monitoring networks, while not limited geographically, have in the main been set up to measure just one aspect of the environment. In contrast, the Environmental Change Network (ECN) was set up to give added value to long-term monitoring and data collection by providing a network of sites in different parts of the U.K. and under a variety of land use conditions where comparable long-term data on a wide variety of environmental variables could be recorded.The idea of a network such as ECN was first considered in the mid 1970s but the concept did not reach fruition until 1992. The selection of the initial network of terrestrial sites was based on a range of criteria. One of the most important requirements, given the intended long-term nature of the project, was financial security although consistent quality of research was also required. The project intended that other sites representing more variable climate zones and land use will eventually join the network as funding becomes available.The monitoring carded out at each ECN site covers a range of physical, chemical and biological measurements. Where possible procedures and measurements used by existing national monitoring schemes are employed so that ECN provides an integrating function for the more extensive sectorial networks. Environmental changes due to factors such as climate change are likely to be difficult to identify against the background noise arising from the numerous sources, both natural and man-made, of environmental variability. It is desirable, therefore, to minimize any additional variation due to operator involvement. To this end, and to ensure consistency and repeatability, protocols for each of the key measurements were produced.57. How many experiment(s) was (were) conducted on the monitoring of the environmental factors?a. Unknownb. Twoc. threed. one58. What does the underlined word mean in “One such approach is Good Laboratory Practice which was introduced in 1982 by the Health and Safety Executive to monitor the testing of industrial chemicals?”a. Performanceb. Standardc. Experimentd. Repetition59. Which is the correct description of “ Environment Change Network?”a. It is a network which is expected to provide environmental and ecological data representingmore geographical areasb. It is a current environmental and ecological network to measure only one aspect of theenvironmentc. Environmental Change Network remained functioning until 1992.d. Environmental Change Network was wet up to make long-term monitoring of environmentmore costly60. The passage implies, though it does not explicitly state, that _______ is ( are) the mostpromising approach to the long-term monitoring of environmental factors.a. Broasbalk Experimentb. Good Laboratory Practicec. Environmental Change Networkd. Standard Operating ProceduresCloze (10 points)Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They ______ that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the _______ man. But they insisted that its ______ results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the _______of the English population. _______ contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650-1750, when England was still a _______ agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.This view, _____ , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists _______ history and economics, have ______ two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was _______ by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace (平民).61. a. admitted b. believed c. claimed d. predicted62 a. plain b. average c. mean d. normal63. momentary b. prompt c. instant d. immediate64. bulk b. host c. gross d. magnitude65. In b. With c. For d. By66. a. broadly b. thoroughly c. generally d. completely67. a. however b. meanwhile c. therefore d. moreover68. a. at b. in c. about d. for69. a. manifested b. approved c. shown d. speculated70. a. noted b. impressed c. labeled d. markedTranslation (20 points)The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics.The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.The classification of materials such as petrochemicals is used to indicate the source of the chemical compounds, but it should be remembered that many common petrochemicals can be made form other sources, and the terminology is therefore a matter of source identification., Petrochemicals are generally chemical compounds derived from petroleum either by direct manufacture or by indirect manufacture as by-products from the variety of processes that are used during the refining of petroleum. Gasoline, fuel oils, lubricating oils, waxes, asphalts, and the like are excluded from the definition of petrochemicals, since they are not, in the true sense, chemical compounds but are in fact intimate mixtures of hydrocarbons.B级The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics.The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.解析：I. Vocabulary(20 points)1. a. absorbed (吸收) b. dissolved （分解） c. discovered 发现 d. recovered 恢复（健康）2. a. advocate 鼓吹者 b. candidate候选人 c. sponsor 发起者 d. opponent 对手3. a. medal 奖牌 b. model 模特 c. modle （无此词） d. modest 和善的4.a. carried on 继续 b. carried away 得意忘形 c. carried out 执行d. carried over继续下去；使继续下去(2) 把…争取到自己这边来5. a. ways 方式（ways of acting=behavior 行为方式，整个短语等同于behaviour, 因此若用behavior就不能再出现acting，这两个词同义） b. behavior 行为 c. attitude 态度 d. means 手段，方法6. 在信息时代，他们时刻更新知识。

中国石化英语考试阅读理解篇和写作篇整理

中国石化英语考试阅读理解篇和写作篇整理UNIT 1 Composition of Petroleum石油的组成Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, toxic, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, and other organic compounds, that are found in geologic formation s beneath the Earth’s surface.. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling. It is refined and separated, most easily by boiling point, into a large number of consumer products, from gasoline and kerosene to asphalt and chemical reagent s used to make plastics and pharmaceutical s.石油或原油是天然形成的、有毒的、可燃性的液体，是含有不同分子量的碳氢化合物以及其它有机化合物的复杂混合物。

它是在地球表面下的地址层中发现的。

石油大部分是通过石油钻探开采得到的。

石油很容易按不同馏程进行炼制和分离成为大量的消费产品，从汽油、煤油到沥青以及用作制造塑料和药品的化学试剂。

In its strictest sense, petroleum includes only crude oil, but in common usage it includes both crude oil and natural gas. Both crude oil and natural gas are predominantly a mixture of hydrocarbons. Under surface pressure and temperature conditions, the lighter hydrocarbons methane, ethane, propane and butane occur as gases, while the heavier ones from pentane and up are in the form of liquids or solids. However in the underground oil reservoir the proportion of gas and liquid varies depending on the subsurface conditions, and on the phase diagram of the petroleum mixture.严格意义上说，石油仅仅包含原油，但是在惯用法上，它包含石油和天然气。

2023年中石油职称英语真题及答案

2023年中石油职称英语考试真题及参照答案解析I. VocabularySection ADirections: There are some sentences inthis section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are tochoose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of theoriginal sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase.Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.1、In most countries,the crime of murder carries harsh penalties.A. unconsciousB. thriveC. severeD.prudent【参照答案】C【释义】harsh adj.残酷旳；严酷旳；严厉旳；恶劣旳unconscious adj.无知觉旳；昏迷旳；不省人事旳；无意识旳thrive v.繁华；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达severe adj.极为恶劣旳；十分严重旳；严厉旳；苛刻旳prudent adj.谨慎旳；谨慎旳；精明旳2、I tell my motherabout my trials at work and brag about the kids.A. lieB. boastC. secretiveD. feel awkward【参照答案】B【出处】2023版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。

【释义】brag v.吹嘘；自吹自擂lie v.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于boast v.自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪旳东西）secretive adj.（思想、情感等）不外露旳；惯于掩藏自己旳；有城府旳feelawkward 为难；作难；犯难3、The employee had to breakoff the conversation in order to wait on his manger.A. continueB. hurryC. beginD.discontinue 【参照答案】D【出处】MBA联考大纲英语词组。

中石化职称英语考试指南新

27、The cheetah……it is the fast mammal on earth. P15
28、The young frog(or tadpole)spends all its life in the water. P15
29、Newton discovered that’white light’(in other words, colorless light from the sun)really consists of a series of colors p16
段落翻译
1、Why is it that when you study a foreign language, P19
2、Another factor emphasizing the market importance of the youth is that this is the time P19
24 .Sleep is something we generally associate with living personsP15
25 .Coronary artery disease is a disorder in which the coronaryP15
26、After splitting up 44 years ago, a couple married each other for the second time yesterday, p15
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阅读理解
1.Just as man has found great uses for the materials,P2
2.Scientists call the process of water spreading over a surface wetting.P2

2020年中石化专业职称外语考试试卷

中国石化集团公司专业技术人员外语水平考试英语（120分钟内完成）第一部分客观题（50分钟）一、词汇与用法（根据文意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个正确答案，共10分）1.I am looking _____ to seeing you in Beijing this May!A.upB. forwardC. towardD. down2. — John, is this your first time in China?— No, it’s my _____A. twoB. twiceC. threeD. third3. You should keep the meat in the fridge, ____it will go bad.A. soB. orC. andD. but4. — We’re going to Tianjin over the weekend. Why don't you join us?— ____, but I'm having a friend over.A. You're rightB. I don’t careC. I don't mindD. I'd love to5. The Smith family ______ all their fruit and vegetables, which saves money.A.plantB. produceC. growD. raise6. Tell Susan she should ______ worrying and get some rest.A.startB. stopC. sickD. stay7. The following day he found the old man lying in bed, ______.A. deadB. was deadC. dieD. has died8. Helen looked at the baby _____ love in her eyes.A. onB. inC. withD. at9. — My sister sent me a wonderful gift from Argentina.— Oh, is that so? ________________?A. Where is it fromB. What's it likeC. Who is it forD. Who sent it to you10. Having suffered ______ serious damage from war, it may be too difficult to restore the city.A.suchB. soC. tooD. many二、阅读理解（阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个正确答案，共40分）短文一（10分）"When one of the doctors criticizes me, I get defensive. I feel like a child again, being scolded, and I want to explain that I'm not wrong." says Viola, a nurse. This is a common reaction to criticism, but not a good one. There are better ways of dealing with criticism. The following are three golden rules one can keep in mind when faced with such a situation.1. Try to be objective. When Sol was criticized by his new employer for not having made a sale, Sol's reaction was to feel sorry for himself. "I had put everything I had into making that sale," Sol says, "and I felt that I had failed as a person. I had to learn through experience not to react like that to each failure. "2. Take time to cool down. Rather than reacting immediately to criticism, take some time to think over what was said. Your first question should be whether the criticism is fair from the other person's position. The problem may be a simple misunderstanding of what you did or your reasons for doing it.3. Take positive actions. After you cool down, consider what you can do about the situation. The best answer may be "nothing". "I finally realized that my boss was having personal problems and taking them out on me because I was there," says Sheila. "His criticisms didn't really have anything to do with my work, so nothing I said or did was going to change them." In Sheila's case, the best way to deal with it was to leave her job. However, that's an extreme reaction. You may simply explain your opinion withoutexpecting an in-depth discussion. You may even decide that the battle isn't worth fighting this time. The key, in any case, is to have a reasonable plan.1. The word “reaction” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____________.A. referenceB. reasonC. responseD. reminder2. When Sol faces criticism now, he will most likely ____________.A.think more objectivelyB.feel sorry for himselfC.try to make a saleD.feel like he has3. According to the writer, you should think about whether the criticism is fair from the other person’s perspective because ___________.A.other people’s opinions are valuableB.you need time to understand your own situationC.he may just have a misunderstanding of what you didD.he may want to have an in-depth discussion with you about it4. Sheila’s example in the fourth paragraph is to prove that the best way to deal with criticism is to _______.A.cool downB.do nothingC.leave her jobD.have a reasonable plan5. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A.People should not get defensive when faced with criticism.B.People should avoid reacting immediately to criticism.C.People should take some time to think about the criticism they receive.D.People should explain their opinion when faced with criticism.短文二（10分）It's hard to think of an early retirement as anything other than a positive. Who wouldn't want to trade in their suit and tie for a pair of beach shorts?When considering early retirement, it is important that you prepare financially and in other aspects too. Some guys even think the ideal time to start planning and saving for an early retirement is while they start working. While retiring ahead of schedule may be easier on the body, a new set of research has found that it may not be so beneficial for the mind.The study, conducted at Binghamton University, finds that an early retirement can accelerate the usual rate of cognitive (认知的)decline among the elderly. The research team analyzed China's new rural pension (养老金) scheme (NRPS), as well as China's most recent Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS), in order to investigate the effects of early retirement and pension benefits on individual cognition among adults over the age of 60. For reference, CHARLS is a representative national survey of China's population over the age of 45 that tests respondents regarding mental cognition, episodic memory (情景记忆) and overall mental wellbeing.After going over all of the data, the research team noted a clear trend: individuals receiving pension benefits were experiencing much more rapid mental decline than their counterparts still on the workforce. The most prominent i ndicator of mental decline among retirees was delayed recall, a trait widely considered to be an accurate predictor of dementia. Surprisingly, females seemed to experience even sharper mental decline after retiring early. Overall, the results support the hypothesis that decreased mental activity accelerates cognitive decline.This study's findings were similar to previous research that had focused on the impact of retirement on elderly individuals living in the United States, England, and the European Union. So, this is hardly a trend limited to Asia.The researchers had actually conducted previous studies that found retirement led to a number of positive physical health benefits for retirees, such as improved sleep patterns, less stress, and reduced alcohol consumption. However, retirement is also usually accompanied with a decline in social activities and less overall interaction with people, which has also been linked to cognitive decline.6.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 1?A.Nobody likes early retirement for not being so beneficial for his mind.B.Early retirement is not a positive viewpoint for male but for female.C.Most people like early retirement, but it might not be good for their cognition.D.Everybody likes early retirement because he or she wouldn’t want trade in.7.Which of the following statements about CHARLS is NOT true?A.It is one of data resources of the study at Binghamton University.B.It involves financial preparation, pension and individual cognition.C.It is a nationwide survey of China's population over the age of 45.D.It involves mental cognition, recall and mental wellbeing.8.The word “indicator” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to________.A.signB.thinkingC.dementiaD.impression9.Which of the following living patterns is mentioned as one of positive benefits of early retirement according to the passage?A.Less alcohol intake.B.More financial preparation.C.More life stress.D.Less social parties.10.It can be inferred from the passage that___________.A.the cognition of workers will increase more sharply after early retirementB.the impact of early retirement has a bit different between Asia and EuropeC.the increased mental activities accelerate the cognitive decline of retireesD.social activities are necessary for retirees as well as positive physical patterns短文三（10分）In the early days of the Internet, some people said that it was going to revolutionise the way that we manage our bank accounts. They predicted that all banking would eventually take place online. Banks which only exist online are, of course, much cheaper to run than traditional banks because they have lower staff and building costs. It seemed possible that the traditional street bank could disappear in the space of a few decades.However, these predictions have not come true and it seems unlikely that they will. The Internet has not replaced ordinary street banks. Instead it has just become one more way in which the bank can reach its customers. Indeed, customer surveys seem to agree that most customers want everything: a branch of their bank in the high street, a 24-hour ATM, and a way of checking their account online.Online banking is also not without its drawbacks. To begin with, the service requires a big investment on the part of the bank to make sure that the information technology is compatible with the computer systems in the branches. An even bigger problem is the possibility of fraud. One of the most common is so-called ‘phishing’. This is when fraudsters send out false emails, such as a fake job offer, to try to makepeople give their account details. They then use this personal or financial information to obtain money. This has affected a number of companies and, if it continues, some of customers may decide not to bank online.Despite this, there is evidence that banks which have developed a large number of online services can have a competitive advantage. It seems that online customers are more likely to buy extra banking products. For example, ING Direct, the online branch of the Dutch bank, gained a number of customers by offering online savings accounts with very competitive interest rates. They then increased their profits further by launching other products which targeted these same online customers. Online services seem, in short, a very good way for banks to market products to existing customers and to reinforce existing relationships.11. Which of the following statements does the passage support?A. The traditional bank will be substituted by online banking.B. Online banking offers new ways to connect with customers.C. Customers are more likely to buy banking products from street banks.D. It is much cheaper to run the traditional banks than online banks.12. It can be inferred from the passage that most bank customers want .A. longer opening time for traditional banksB. more products and services available onlineC. various ways of getting banking servicesD. more competitive online banking products13. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A. The problems with online banking.B. Why banks should offer online services.C. Why people shouldn’t bank online.D. How online banking can increase profits.14. The word “drawbacks”in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .A. punishmentsB. abusesC. questionsD. disadvantages15. According to the passage, what is one of the reasons that customers may NOT want to bank online?A. Computer system may fail.B. Customers may receive some unwanted advertisements.C. Misoperating often occurs when banking online.D. Criminals may steal money from the account.短文四（10分）●本部分包含三篇文章，请根据个人工作专业方向，选择一篇作答。

24年中国石化专业人员职称英语考试卷

24年中国石化专业人员职称英语考试卷China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec) is one of the largest integrated energy and chemical companies in China. With 24 years of experience in the industry, professionals at Sinopec are required to take the professional title English exam to demonstrate their expertise and qualifications.The Sinopec professional title English exam is designed to assess the English proficiency and industry knowledge of professionals working in the oil and gas sector. The exam typically consists of three parts: reading comprehension, writing, and industry-specific knowledge.In the reading comprehension section, candidates are tested on their ability to understand and analyze written information related to the oil and gas industry. This may include articles on new technologies, market trends, environmental issues, and regulatory updates. Candidates are required to answer questions that demonstrate their comprehension skills, critical thinking, and ability to draw logical conclusions.The writing section of the exam tests candidates' ability to communicate effectively in written English. Candidates may be asked to write an essay, a report, a letter, or a proposal on agiven topic. They are evaluated based on their grammar, vocabulary, coherence, organization, and overall writing skills.The industry-specific knowledge section of the exam focuses on testing candidates' understanding of the technical aspects of the oil and gas industry. This may include questions on drilling operations, refining processes, distribution systems, safety regulations, environmental practices, and industry trends. Candidates are expected to demonstrate their knowledge of key concepts, terminology, and best practices in the field.Overall, the Sinopec professional title English exam plays a crucial role in assessing the competency and readiness of professionals in the oil and gas industry. By successfully passing the exam, professionals can enhance their credentials, advance their careers, and contribute to the growth and success of Sinopec and the industry as a whole.。

2023年中石化英语分级测试机职称英语考试资料阅读理解

2023年中石化英语分级测试机职称英语考试资料阅读理解In the fast-paced world of international business and technology, proficiency in English has become a crucialskill for professionals working in the petrochemical industry, especially for those preparing for the 2023 Sinopec English Proficiency Test and the Professional Title English Exam. These exams not only assess the examinee's linguistic abilities but also their comprehension of industry-specific terminology and concepts. The reading comprehension section, in particular, requires a high level of English comprehension and industry knowledge.The reading comprehension section of these exams typically comprises passages dealing with various aspects of the petrochemical industry, including oil and gas exploration, refining processes, environmental impacts, and the latest technological advancements. These passages are often dense with technical jargon and industry-specific terminology, making comprehension a challenge for even the most experienced professionals.To effectively prepare for this section, candidates must familiarize themselves with the language and terminology of the petrochemical industry. This involves not only memorizing definitions and terminology but also understanding how these terms are used in real-world contexts. Reading industry-related materials, such as technical manuals, research papers, and industry news, can be extremely helpful in this regard.Moreover, candidates must develop a strong understanding of the structure and context of the reading passages. This involves identifying the main ideas, supporting details, and the overall tone or purpose of the passage. Practicing with sample passages and questions can help candidates familiarize themselves with the types of questions that may appear on the exam and how to approach them strategically.In addition to linguistic and industry knowledge, candidates must also possess critical thinking skills to analyze and interpret the information presented in the passages. They must be able to identify implicit meanings,make inferences, and evaluate the credibility of the information presented.Overall, preparation for the reading comprehension section of the 2023 Sinopec English Proficiency Test andthe Professional Title English Exam requires a comprehensive approach that combines linguistic proficiency, industry knowledge, and critical thinking skills. By familiarizing themselves with the language and terminologyof the petrochemical industry, developing a strong understanding of passage structure and context, and honing their critical thinking skills, candidates can confidently face this challenging section and achieve their desired results.石化英语分级测试与职称英语考试资料阅读理解的深度探索在国际商务和技术日新月异的今天，对于在石化行业工作的专业人士来说，精通英语已经成为一项至关重要的技能，特别是对于那些准备参加2023年中石化英语分级测试和职称英语考试的人来说更是如此。

2023年中石化职称英语考试试卷技术

2023年中石化职称英语考试试卷技术一、听力理解（共20分）1. 下面是一篇对话，请根据所听到的内容选择正确的答案：A: Can you pass me the report, please?B: Sure, here you go.A: Thanks. I need it for the meeting this afternoon.B: No problem.(A) What does B do for A?- A. Gives a report- B. Passes a meeting- C. Arranges an appointment- D. Attends a conference2. 下面是一段独白，请根据所听到的内容回答问题：独白开始独白结束(B) What is the primary focus during the implementation phase? - A. Researching potential challenges- B. Developing a prototype- C. Submitting the finalized project plan- D. Reviewing the progress made二、阅读理解（共30分）3. 阅读下面的短文，回答问题：短文开始Title: Benefits of Regular Exercise短文结束- A. 50 minutes- B. 100 minutes- C. 150 minutes- D. 200 minutes4. 阅读下面的短文，回答问题：短文开始Title: The Importance of Time ManagementEffective time management is crucial for achieving productivity and success. It involves prioritizing tasks, setting realistic goals, and eliminating distractions. By effectively managing time, individuals canexperience reduced stress levels, improved focus and efficiency, and a better work-life balance. Time management also helps individuals meet deadlines, avoid procrastination, and make better use of their available resources. Overall, mastering time management skills is essential for success in both personal and professional aspects of life.短文结束(B) What is one benefit of effective time management?- A. Increased stress levels- B. Improved focus and efficiency- C. Procrastination- D. Poor work-life balance三、写作（共50分）5. 写作题目：如何降低塑料废物的使用量（提示：可以从减少使用塑料袋、推广可循环使用的物品、加强塑料废物回收等方面进行阐述）参考答案：随着全球塑料污染问题的日益严重，我们应该思考如何降低塑料废物的使用量。

中石油职称英语考试阅读理解练习文章

中石油职称英语考试阅读理解练习文章中石油职称英语考试阅读理解练习文章下面这类阅读文章是职称考试中第三大部分“阅读理解”的易考文章。

大家不妨仔细理解其中的意思，为考试做准备。

Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits? 运动有奇效吗?1. Just asexercise strengthensthe heart and lungs,bones andmuscles,itmay alsopower upthe brain.A succession ofscientificstudies of animals suggeststhatphysical activityhas a positive effecton mentalfunctioning.1、正如(just as)运动能强心、健肺、固骨、壮肌一样(strengthen 加强;巩固)，运动也能健脑(power up 加电)(主语it，即是从句中的exercise)。

对动物的一系列(a successionof)科学研究(这一大串主语是单数)表明(suggests)，体育活动对智力的发挥(on mental functioning)有积极作用(that引导宾语从句)。

2. “It’s clearthatthebrainbenefitsfromexercise，”says brain scientistWilliam Greenoughof the Universityof Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Hisstudies with ratshavedemonstratedtwo primary effects ofactivity: vigorous physical exerciseprovidesthe brainwithmore fuel, andskill-basedexerciseincreasesthe formation of connectionsin the brain,which,according tothe proposals ofsome scientists，may make thebrain better able to process information.2、伊利诺伊大学香槟分校的脑科学家威廉•格里诺(WG)说，“很明显，运动使大脑受益(benefit from)。

中石油职称英语阅读练习(含原文翻译)

中石油职称英语阅读练习（含原文翻译）这是一篇关于自动驾驶的中石油职称英语阅读题，为了帮助大家备考，请仔细阅读原文然后做出后面的习题。

希望大家喜欢。

Automatic Auto:a Car That Drives Itself1. In September a driverless Audi TTSwill speedto the top of Colorado's Pikes Peakat justunder100 kilometers per hourthat'sright, no driver. It is an early steptowardarobo-carthatcan driveitself(定语从句), perhapsbetter than you can.1、9 月份，一辆无人驾驶的(driverless)奥迪TTS 汽车将以略低于(under)每小时100 公里的速度驶向科罗拉多州的派克峰(Pikes Peak)顶部对!没有驾驶者!这是朝着机器人汽车(a robo-car)迈出的较早的一步，它或许比人操作得还好一些。

2. The Pikes Peak runis a jointproject of the Stanford University Dynamic Design Laboratory, theElectronicsResearchLab (ERL 电子研究实验室) forthe Volkswagen Group(大众集团)(whichowns Audi), and software- makerOracleCorp. The rough,part-gravel roadto the top of Pikes Peak is therouteofthe annual International Hill Climbrally,an annual auto and motorcycle race.The TTS runwilldemonstrate whetherthe car can takecurvesas fast asa humandriverwithout driving off a cliff.2、派克峰试驾(the PikesPeak run 本句的主语)是斯坦福大学动态设计实验室、大众集团(奥迪品牌拥有者)电子研究实验室，以及软件开发商甲骨文GS(Oracle Corp)的联合项目(a joint project)。

中石化英语分级测试机职称英语考试资料(阅读理解).docx

中国石化英语分级测试第一篇How to be Happy 女口何获得幸福 (2)第二篇City Design 城市设计 (3)第三篇Population 人口 (4)第四篇Earthquake 地震 (5)第五篇The Aftermath of BP Fulf Oil Spill-—英国石油公司墨西哥湾原油泄漏 (6)第六篇Green Computers"绿色"电脑 (7)第七篇Cell Phones 手机 (8)第八篇Touch Tech触屏技术 (9)第九篇Fossil Fuels and Our Life化石燃料与我们的生活 (10)第十篇Carbon Emissions 碳排放 (11)第一篇Marine Pollution 海洋污染 (12)第十二篇China's Growth and the Clean Energy Tech屮国的经济增长与清洁能源技术 (13)第十三篇Market Economy 市场经济 (14)第十四篇CPI消费者物价指数 (15)第十五篇The Intemet互联网 (16)十六篇Apple Expands its Touchy-Feely Vision 苹果公口1 用iPad 延续梦想 (17)十七篇3G Technology 技术 (18)十八篇Carbon Capture and Storage 碳捕获和储存 (19)十九篇GlobalWarming全球变暖 (20)二十篇Altemalc Energies 替代能源 (21)二-一篇Biofuels生物燃料 (22)二十二篇Coal Chemicallndustry 煤化学工业 (23)二十三篇Resource Curse 资源诅咒 (24)二十四篇Company Management公司管理 (25)二十五篇Recruitment Drives Take Talent from Wide Pool 人才库 (26)二十六篇Tips for Job Seekers找工作的秘诀 (27)二十七篇Chinese Oil Market屮国石油市场 (28)二十八篇Oil Trade石油贸易 (29)二十九篇How I Lost My Head in the Volcanic Ash Cloud 令人发疯的火山灰 (30)三十篇Project Management项目管理 (31)第一篇How to be Happy如何获得幸福Tn the past two weeks we have looked at the happ in ess formula defined by pos itive psychologist Martin Seligman, where H (happiness) 二S (your biological set point for feeling happy) + C (the conditions of your life) + V (the voluntary choices you make). 过去两周我们研究了一项幸彳畐公式，这是由乐观心理学家马丁•塞利格曼定义的。

中石油职称英语考试阅读真题

xx年中石油职称英语考试阅读真题xx年中石油职称英语考试阅读真题以下是xx年中石油职称英语阅读真题，来看看适不适合你吧!III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:By direct observations and many experiments, biologists have discovered that practically all animals have somesense of hearing or vibration. Earthworms feel vibrationsin the soil, fish can be trained to respond to certain tones, male mosquitoes are attracted by the sound of the female, and frogs will respond to a taperecording of their own voices.The inner ear is posed of delicate membranes which bear dense patches of specialized cells called maculae. Each of these collections of cells can carry a message to the brain. What message is carried by a macula depends upon how it is affected. The message which is carried is not, however, always connected with the hearing sense. For instance, a certain kind of tadpole can the depth of the water it isswimming in by the pitch of a tone which is produced by its own lungs.In the human and all other mammals, the macula has developed into an organ which can easily be seen. This organ is called the cochlea. This spiral shaped organ contains the macula itself and it is called "organ of Corti" after its discoverer. If you have ever seen a snail shell, you know how a cochlea looks.When sound waves enter the cochlea, which is really a tube coiled around, they set a membrane into a back and forth motion and cause a new wave. This is something like the way in which high and low sounds are produced by aflute or whistle. The high sounds are produced when the air is prevented by the holes from going through, while the low sounds are produced by allowing more of the air to pass.All this is what produces the differences between high and low sounds. The loudness of a sound is evidently produced by how much the membrane is cause to move.Whether or not hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists as yet. We do know, however, that nature has set up some very delicate hearing mechanisms for its creatures. Scientists must explore much further for more knowledge about how animals use their ears.41. Aording to the article practically all animals have some sense of.A. directionB. hearingC. vibrationD. both B and C42. The cochlea is found.A. in fishB. only in humansC. in all animalsD. in all mammals43. Scientists know.A. that all animals have a cochleaB. very little about hearing in animalsC. that mosquitoes cannot hear soundsD. that hearing is produced by air pressure in mammals.44. The article is mostly about .A. how sound is producedB. learning by observingC. the workings of the inner earD. outer ear formation in various animalsQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage: Dear Ms. Answers,I've been offered a job promotion that would require me to relocate abroad to Paris from Chicago. The salary for mynew position would be much higher than what I'm getting now, and I've always wanted to work in the French branch of our pany, but I'm worried that living in Paris could be more expensive than where I live now. If this is the case, perhaps the increase in salary won't make a big difference. Can you me anything about the cost of living in Paris?Thank you,Raphael DanielsDear Mr. Daniels,Congratulations on receiving such a wonderful employment opportunity. Living and working in a foreign country is not something that many people get to do. Although it can be a very rewarding experience, it can also be very expensive if your finances are not managed properly.In the same way that you will need to adjust toa'different language, customs, and cukure, you will also need to develop new daily routines and spending habits.This aspect of living abroad can be difficult for some people who may be tempted to live their daily lives as if they are on vacation: eating in fancy restaurants, buying expensive souvenirs, and going sightseeing.It is natural to live like you are on vacation when moving to a foreign environment, but it is important not to get carried away. Establishing a weekly and monthly budget for yourself is the best way to take control of your newfinancial situation. It may be helpful to keep track of your spending habits for the first weeks after your arrival and establish a budget based on that.As long as you manage your finances as you would if you were at home, living in Paris should not be any more expensive than living where you are now. In my research, the only two things I found that were significantly more expensive in Paris than in Chicago were taxi fares andhigh-speed trains. Fortunately, Paris has an excellent, rather inexpensive subway system.To view a list of mon French items and their equivalent prices in American dollars, visit . costoflivine./varis.Sincerely,Ms. AnswersAskAway.45. Aording to Mr. Daniel’s e-mail, what is he concerned about?A. Living expensesB. His salaryC. Commuting to workD. His vacation days46. What does Ms. Answers suggest Mr. Daniels do?A. Establish a budgetB. Speak with his bossC. Look at train faresD. Consult a guide book47. In Ms. Answers' e-mail, the word "track" in paragraph 3, line 4, is closest in meaning to.A. footstepB. coverC. recordD. roadway48. What does Ms. Answers say about the subway?A. It is new.B. It is dirty.C. It is inefficient.D. It is inexpensive.Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:Ostrum GE, the second largest power pany in the Nordic countries, officially opened its first Hydrogen Energy Station (HES), with technology products provided by Gredler Energy Systems Corporation. The new station will supply clean hydrogen fuel to three fuel cell buses as part of the prestigious Green EuropeAdvanced Transport (GREAT) program. Stockholm (斯德哥尔摩) is one of four GREAT cities that will be using Gredler Energy hydrogen infrastructure products.Mr. Peter Russell, Chief Operating Officer of Gredler Energy, was in Stockholm for the station opening and mented, "The opening of this station represents the first step inthe introduction of a hydrogen infrastructure in the Cityof Stockholm. Ostrum and the City of Stockholm have takenan essential step towards creating a pathway to environmentally sustainable urban transportation solutions and we are delighted to be part of this important movement."The Stockholm HES is prised of four modules:pressurized water electrolysis-based hydrogen generation, pression, high-pressure storage and hydrogen fuel dispenser. The station is capable of producing approximately 120kg per day of high-purity, high-pressure hydrogen using Gredler Energy's proprietary technology. Each fuel cell bus carries approximately 40kg of hydrogen at 350bar (5,000psi).Gredler Energy Systems Corporation is the world leading developer and supplier of integrated hydrogen solutions,all using the pany's proprietary hydrogen generation water electrolysis technology along with products from corporate partners.49. Who will be in charge of the new hydrogen energy station?A. Oredler Energy SystemsB. Ostrum GEC. The GREAT ProgramD. The City of Stockholm50. How much hydrogen will the new station produce each day?A. 40kgB. 120kgC. 350barD. 5,000psi51. The word "sustainable" in paragraph 2, line 5 is closest in meaning to.A. livableB. deliverableC. maintainableD. bustible52. What is true about the GREAT program?A. It operates in four countries.B. It is operated by the Gredler Corporation.C. It promotes the use of non-polluting fuels.D. It studies the effects of hydrogen on the atmosphere.Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:The rise of multinational corporations, global marketing, new munication technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increasein global public relations or PR.Surprisingly, since modem PR was largely an American invention, the U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Twenty yearsago, for example, the world's top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In xx, only one was. The British in particular are being more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British panies include PR as part of their corporate planning activities, pared to about one third of U.S. panies. It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR.Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson-Marshall's U.S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half of more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on internationalaffairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country.Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of N. Turner recently announced that the word "foreign" would no longer be used on N news broadcast. Aording to Turner, global munications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.53. Aording to the passage, U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because of.A. an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations paniesB. increased efforts of other countries in public relationsC. shrinking cultural differences and new munications technologiesD. the decreasing number of multinational corporations in the U.S.54. The word "provincial" (Line 2, Para. 3) most probably means .A. limited in outlookB. like people from the provincesC. rigid in thinkingD. interested in world financial affairs55. We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industry.A. speak at least one foreign language fluentlyB. are not as sophisticated as their European counterpartsC. are ignorant about world geographyD. enjoy reading a great variety of English business publications56. What lesson might the PR industry take from Ted Turner of N?A. American PR panies should be more internationally-minded.B. The American PR industry should develop global munication technologies.C. People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign language.D. People involved in PR should avoid using the word "foreign"Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage: On the night of August 17, 1959, at about 20 minutes before midnight, the ground in the vicinity of Yellowstone National Park began shaking violently. At the time there was a rumbling sound, something like a huge truck would make. Both the heaving of the ground and the noise were very frightening but lasted not quite 45 seconds.This earthquake near Yellowstone Park was just one of nearly a million that happen every year all over the world. And as bad as this quake was, many have been worse.Earthquake experts say that the Yellowstone quake of 1959 was about as bad as the one which hit San Francisco in 1906. But the San Francisco quake caused more damage because it struck in a place where there were so many people living.In San Francisco 700 persons lost their lives. Anearthquake in Japan in 1923 took 160,000 lives. In China in 1920 an earthquake took 200,000 lives. It is easy to understand why earthquakes are so feared.What causes these terrible shakes of the very ground on which we live?To answer that question we must first understand some things about the earth itself. Forty miles deep in theearth is the edge of the outer crust of the earth, andthere it is so hot that instead of hard rock there is material much like the hot lava that a volcano erupts. Itis the earth's 40-mile deep crust with which we are concerned when we seek the cause of earthquakes. Theearth's crust is formed of many different layers of rocks. The layers of rocks are not laid evenly, as a bricklayer would build a wall. Instead, the earth's crust is made of rock layers that are often uneven and not perfectly balanced. Because of the great weight pressing down on them, these layers tend to fold downward at weak spots, and this finally causes an actual break in the crust. When thisbreak ours, or when the sides of an old break slip, theearth quakes, or shakes, while the crust is settling into a new position.Sometime these faults are very small, and we then feel only a little tremor. The tremor may even be so light that only the most delicate machine will record it. Most earthquakes are of this weak kind. Sometimes a break in the earth's crust es about, which starts such a landslide as that which ourred in Madison Canyon. It then takes not one, but many shakes for the earth to heal the fault and settle. That is why many after-shocks follow a major earthquake. Sometimes these go on for several years.57. The Yellowstone earthquake was.A. one of the more severeB. not severeC. the worst in U.S. historyD. a very small one58. The San Francisco quake was worse than the one in Yellowstone because.A. it lasted longerB. it struck where so many people livedC. there were mountains at YellowstoneD. there was a river at Yellowstone59. The earth's crust is made of.A. sandB. mountainsC. many layer of rockD. lava60. Some times aftershocks follow an earthquake for as long as.A. daysB. monthsC. yearsD. centuries。

2023年中石化英语分级测试机职称英语考试资料阅读理解

2023年中石化英语分级测试机职称英语考试资料阅读理解引言概述：2023年中石化英语分级测试机职称英语考试是中石化公司为了提高员工英语水平而设立的一项重要考试。

其中，资料阅读理解是该考试的重要内容之一。

本文将从五个大点出发，详细阐述资料阅读理解的相关内容。

正文内容：一、阅读技巧1.1 主题识别：通过阅读文章的标题、首段和结尾，了解文章的主题和大意。

1.2 关键词定位：识别文章中的关键词，帮助理解文章内容并快速找到答案。

1.3 上下文推断：通过上下文的暗示和线索，推断出词义、句义和段落意义。

二、文章结构2.1 主旨句定位：找到文章的主旨句，理解文章的中心思想和重点论述。

2.2 段落结构分析：分析文章的段落结构，了解各段的内容和逻辑关系。

2.3 逻辑推理：通过分析文章中的因果关系、对比关系等逻辑关系，推断出文章的发展脉络。

三、词汇理解3.1 同义词辨析：通过对文章中的同义词进行辨析，准确理解词义。

3.2 词组搭配：理解词组的固定搭配，帮助理解整个句子和段落的意思。

3.3 词根词缀：通过词根和词缀的分析，推断单词的意思和构词规律。

四、推理判断4.1 细节判断：通过对文章中的细节进行分析，判断细节的真实性和相关性。

4.2 推理判断：通过对文章中的信息进行推理，得出合理的结论。

4.3 事实与观点：区分文章中的事实陈述和作者的观点表达，准确理解文章的立场和态度。

五、背景知识5.1 文化背景：了解文章所涉及的文化背景，帮助理解文章的隐含意义。

5.2 专业知识：根据文章的题材和领域，了解相关的专业知识，帮助理解文章内容。

5.3 历史背景：了解文章所处的历史背景，帮助理解文章的意义和影响。

总结：综上所述，资料阅读理解在2023年中石化英语分级测试机职称英语考试中占据重要地位。

通过掌握阅读技巧、理解文章结构、词汇理解、推理判断和背景知识，考生可以更好地应对考试中的资料阅读理解题目。

希望本文的内容能够对考生提供帮助，取得优异的考试成绩。

中石化职称英语考试试题库

中石化职称英语考试试题库一、阅读理解阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Passage 1As the development of modern transportation accelerates, more and more people become accustomed to taking bus, train, or plane. There seems to spring up with the development of transportation one species of human being that cannot live without the comfort and accessibility of public transportation. This kind of person seeks the convenience of moving smoothly and effortlessly from one place to another. Indeed, the convenience of public transportation has made it the significant element in the lives of some city dwellers.1. According to the passage, what can we learn from people who prefer public transportation?A. They love different kinds of transportation means.B. They care more about comfort and convenience.C. They like driving cars.D. They dislike some methods of travel.2. The passage mainly discusses people who prefer public transportation because they value ________ most.A. reliabilityB. safetyC. comfort and convenienceD. speed3. What can be the best title for this passage?A. Public Transportation and City DwellersB. The Efficient City TransportationC. The Advantages of WalkingD. The Convenience of CyclingAnswer key: 1. B 2. C 3. APassage 2For centuries, humans have been fascinated by the idea of flight. It was not until the early 20th century that the dream of flying like a bird became a reality. The Wright Brothers, Orville and Wilbur, were the first people to achieve sustained, powered, and controlled heavier-than-air flight. Their success marked the beginning of modern aviation.4. What was the dream of flying like a bird?A. An eternal topic in human history.B. A love for birds.C. A curiosity about birds.D. A realistic goal for mankind.5. What do the Wright Brothers have in common?A. They succeeded in the early 20th century.B. They shared the same dream.C. They were the first to achieve sustained flight.D. They were fascinated by the idea of flight.6. The word "aviation" in the passage refers to ________.A. the pioneering work of the Wright BrothersB. the dream of flying like a birdC. the history of flightD. the modern practice of flyingAnswer key: 4. A 5. C 6. D二、词汇与结构从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

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中国石化英语分级测试第一篇How to be Happy 如何获得幸福 (2)第二篇City Design 城市设计 (3)第三篇Population 人口 (4)第四篇Earthquake 地震 (5)第五篇The Aftermath of BP Fulf Oil Spill----英国石油公司墨西哥湾原油泄漏 (6)第六篇Green Computers“绿色’’电脑 (7)第七篇Cell Phones手机 (8)第八篇Touch Tech触屏技术 (9)第九篇Fossil Fuels and Our Life化石燃料与我们的生活 (10)第十篇Carbon Emissions碳排放 (11)第十一篇Marine Pollution海洋污染 (12)第十二篇China's Growth and the Clean Energy Tech中国的经济增长与清洁能源技术 (13)第十三篇Market Economy市场经济 (14)第十四篇CPI消费者物价指数 (15)第十五篇The Internet互联网 (16)十六篇Apple Expands its Touchy-Feely Vision苹果公司用iPad延续梦想 (17)十七篇3G Technology技术 (18)十八篇Carbon Capture and Storage碳捕获和储存 (19)十九篇GlobaIWarming全球变暖 (20)二十篇Alternate Energies替代能源 (21)二十一篇Biofuels生物燃料 (22)二十二篇Coal Chemicallndustry煤化学工业 (23)二十三篇Resource Curse资源诅咒 (24)二十四篇Company Management公司管理 (25)二十五篇Recruitment Drives Take Talent from Wide Pool人才库 (26)二十六篇Tips for Job Seekers找工作的秘诀 (27)二十七篇Chinese Oil Market中国石油市场 (28)二十八篇0il Trade石油贸易 (29)二十九篇How I Lost My Head in the V olcanic Ash Cloud令人发疯的火山灰 (30)三十篇Project Management项目管理 (31)第一篇How to be Happy 如何获得幸福In the past two weeks we have looked at the happiness formula defined by positive_psychologist Martin Seligman, where H（happiness) = S (your biological set point for feeling happy) + C (the conditions of your life) + V (the voluntary_choices you make). 过去两周我们研究了一项幸福公式，这是由乐观心理学家马丁·塞利格曼定义的。

在这个公式中，H（幸福）=S（个人生理幸福感受的固定指数）+C（个人生活状态）+V（个人主观选择）。

This week we look at the conditions in life that can improve our happiness quotient.本周我们将着眼于能提升幸福指数的生活状态。

Step l: Peace and quiet 第一步：平和宁静Jonathon Haidt in his excellent book, The Happiness Hypothesis, notes that research shows that we can never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution. 乔纳森·海迪在他的优秀著作《幸福假说》当中提到，研究调查显示，我们不可能完全适应噪音污染，无论是新近的还是长期的。

Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses (the other is the fear of falling) and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise. It is essential to have some peace and quiet every day. 巨大噪声会引发我们面对恐惧的某种本能反应（另一种是对于坠落的恐惧），如果周遭噪音喧闹，我们不可能完全放松。

每日保持平和与宁静事关重要。

If you are unfortunate enough to live somewhere noisy, persist with complaining to your local council.Additionally, try wearing wax earplugs to have some respite. If you need your TV,radio or music up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates altruism to your neighbours, which will make you and them feel good.如果你不幸生活在比较嘈杂吵的环境中，请一定要坚持去居委会投诉。

另外，尝试使用耳塞，可能会缓解噪声。

如果你需要用大音量看电视、听收音机或放音乐的话，记得戴上耳机，别影响邻里，这样可以使双方都感到舒适。

Step 2: Relationships 第二步：人际关系This is the most important of all the extemal conditions that can improve your happiness quotient. Often our deepest sources of unhappiness are found in poor relationships with others. 这是增加幸福指数的一条至关重要的外部条件。

我们感到不快乐的最深层原因，往往就是人际关系欠佳。

A cruelly conflictual relationship with a partner or lover leaves us feeling betrayed and abandoned. A relationship with our parents or children which is not based on compassionate, unconditional regard creates isolation and misery . 与搭档或者爱人的关系陷入激烈的冲突中，会让我们产生遭到背叛和遗弃的感觉。

父母和孩子之间如果缺乏同情心和无私关怀，会产生隔阂与痛苦。

When faced with such relationships, the most positive thing we can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or leam to moveon.当我们面临这类问题时，最好的办法就是直面难题，修复关系，或者学着继续前行。

Step 3: Share 第三步：分享If you have discovered conditions or choices in life that have significantly improved your wellbeing, remember to share them with friends. Passing on what works is essential to improve the wellbeing of our own and others. 如果你发觉生活状态或者做的某项决定对幸福生活有重大帮助的话，记得与你的朋友们分享。

将有用的发现与更多人分享，这对增进自己的幸福和他人的幸福都有积极作用。

阅读理解1. What's the happiness formula according to the passage?答案：The formula refers to H(happiness)=S(your biological set point for feeling happy)+C(the conditions of your life)+V(the voluntary choices you make)．2. Why can we never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution?答案：Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses aIld we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intruslve noise.3. How could we make both ourselves and the neighbors feel good?答案：If we need our TV, radio or muslc up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates our kindness and consideration to our neighbors.4. Where does the unhappiness come from?答案：Our unhappiness often comes from poor relationships with others.5. What is the positive way to face with the cruelly conflictual relationship?答案：What you can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or leam to move on.第二篇City Design 城市设计When I'm being driven through a city from our hotel to a conference center, I couldn't help but note the overwhelming presence of cars and parking lots. The world's cities are in trouble. In hundreds of cities, the life of daily life is deteriorating. Breathing the air in some cities is equivalent to smoking two packs of cigarettes per day. The number of hours commuters spend going nowhere sitting in traffic-congested streets and highways climbs higher each year, raising frustration levels．当我从旅馆乘车穿行城市前往会议中心时，映入眼帘的是无处不在的汽车和停车场。