英语摘要写作方法

Suggested Answer
1) –2) Background 3) Purpose 4)—5) Methodology 6) Results 7)—8) Conclusion and recommendation
Abstract analysis: Task (II)
Read the abstracts in your journal papers, and work out what components are included and how they are arranged.
2. Types of Abstracts (2)
An effective discussion of the various uses and types of abstracts was provided by McGirr (1973), whose conclusions are well worth repeating: ―When writing the abstract, remember that it will be published by itself, and should be selfcontained. That is, it should contain no bibliographic, figure, or table references.
Model Study of Anchored pavement 锚固路 面的模型研究
1)Roadways constructed of conventional pavement are subject to deformations after prolonged use. 2) A laboratory model study of an anchored pavement was carried out. 3) The objective of the study was to investigate construction problems and to develop specifications for a full-scale test(为足尺试验制 定具体参数). 4) The study compared 1/20-scale anchored pavement and conventional slabs (平 板路面)of similar dimensions. 5) The model test results were compared with results from finiteelement (有限元) analysis.
1. Definition of the Abstract (2)
The abstract should (i) state the principal objectives and scope of the investigation, (ii) describe the methodology employed, (iii) summarize the results, and (iv) state the principal conclusion.
2. Types of Abstracts (1)
Informative abstract (more detailed, and may include quantitative details) 信息性/报道性/资料性摘要 Indicative /descriptive abstract (brief and qualitative, indicating what kind of research has been done) 指示性/说明性/描述性摘要 Informative-indicative abstract 报道-指示性摘要
1. Definition of the Abstract (3)
Most or all of the Abstract should be written in the past tense, because it refers to work done. References to the literature must not be cited in the Abstract.
Academic Writing and CommunicБайду номын сангаасtion
Lecture 6 Abstract
Contents
Definition of the abstract Types of the abstract Structure of the abstract
1. Definition of the Abstract (1)
2.1 Informative abstract 信息性/报道性/资料性摘要
An informative abstract is designed to condense the paper. It can and should briefly state the problem, the method used to study the problem, and the principal data and conclusions. Often, the abstract supplants the need for reading the full paper; without such abstracts, scientists would not be able to keep up in active areas of research. This is the type of abstract that is used as a ―heading‖ in most journals today.
2.2 Indicative abstract (1) 指示性/说明性/描述性摘要
Another common type of abstract is the indicative abstract (sometimes called a descriptive abstract). This type of abstract is designed to indicate the subjects dealt with in a paper, making it easy for potential readers to decide whether to read the paper. However, because of its descriptive rather than substantive nature, it can seldom serve as a substitute for the full paper.
6) The deformations were lower for the anchored pavement compared with those for the conventional slab, and stresses in the soil( 土壤应力) were reduced and distributed more widely by rigid anchors(刚性锚定). 7) These findings indicate that an anchored slab offers distinct advantages over a conventional slab. 8) The ANSYS computer program could be used to analyze such a soil-structure system, incorporating the environmental and mechanical effects(结合环境和机械效应).
Structure of the abstract
BPMRC B—background P– purpose M—methodology R—results C—conclusion or recommendation
Abstract analysis: Task (I)
Read the sample abstract carefully, and try to work out the components of it and the arrangements of them.
An Abstract should be viewed as a miniversion of the paper. The abstract should provide a brief summary of each of the main sections of the paper: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion. Generally speaking, the abstract should not exceed 250 words (100-200 words ) and should be designed to define clearly what is dealt with in the paper.
2. Types of Abstracts (3)
The language should be familiar to the potential reader. Omit obscure abbreviations and acronyms. Write the paper before you write the abstract, if at all possible. Unless a long term is used several times within an Abstract, do not abbreviate the term. Wait and introduce the appropriate abbreviation at first use in the text (probably in the Introduction).
2.2 Indicative abstract (2) 指示性/说明性/描述性摘要
Thus, indicative abstracts should not be used as ―heading‖ abstracts in research papers, but they may be used in other types of publications (review papers, conference reports, the government report literature, etc.); such indicative abstracts are often of great value to reference librarians.
2.3 Informative- indicative abstract 报道-指示性摘要
An informative-indicative abstract is a combined form that bears a specific information about the principal findings and results and general information about the rest of the document. This type of abstract offers fewer details, instead, giving emphasis to the author’s chief contribution.