高考语法考点一轮复习讲义 专题08 主谓一致(精讲深剖)(解析版)

专题08主谓一致——精讲深剖真题速递单句语法填空1.（2019全国I卷）Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _____ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】are【解析】考查主谓一致。

根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear su bpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。

2.（2018全国I卷）While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.【答案】is【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。

本文介绍了跑步的好处，通篇以一般现在时为主。

本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致，故用一般现在时；且宾语从句中的主语为it，故用is。

3.（2017全国I卷）Fast food(be) full of fat and salt；by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.【答案】is【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。

根据行文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；句子的主语fast food(快餐)是不可数名词短语，故填be的第三人称单数形式is。

单句改错1.（2018全国III卷）The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks，and mistakes as well.【答案】include改为includes。

【解析】考查主谓一致。

该句为一般现在时，主语为that，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

2.（2016全国卷II）He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.【答案】was改为were【解析】考查主谓一致。

本句中的宾语从句的主语是we，是复数，所以谓语动词应该与其保持一致也用复数形式，故把was改为were。

【考题印证】（2014陕西高考）Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky—they look like rain！【答案】was改为were【解析】考查主谓一致。

本句主语是the arrows，是复数名词，其后面的谓语一个与其保持一致，故把was 改为were。

句意：突然，箭从天上向我们飞来-它们看起来像雨一样！3. 用and或both…and 连接的单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语及主语从句作主语谓语动词用复数形式。

①Both my father and my mother are farmers.我的父母都是农民。

②What I think and what I do have been fairly in disagreement.我的想法和我所做的都有相当大不一致。

注意：当and连接的词表示同一个人、事、物、概念时谓语动词用单数形式。

The poet and writer has come.那个诗人兼作家已经来了。

4. 主语后紧跟as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, besides, in addition to 等时谓语动词要与句子的主语保持一致。

①Nobody but my parents knows the secret.除了我的父母没人知道这个秘密。

②The teacher as well as students is excited.老师学生都很兴奋。

③The students as well as the teacher have learned to drive a car . 学生和老师都学会了开车。

5. either、neither、no、each、every、many a、more than one 后加单数名词。

any、some、no、every构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

either, neither, each单独作主语时谓语动词用单数。

①Everybody is here.全都到了。

②Either of the parents is important to me.父母对我都很重要。

③Many a boy have made that mistake.很多男孩犯那个错误。

6. 分数或百分数＋of+名词/代词作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。

①Two-thirds of the students come from countryside.三分之二的学生来自乡下。

②Ninety percent of the work has been done. 百分之九十的工作已经完成。

7.定语从句中的主谓一致。

⑴与先行词一致I, who am your teacher, will share happiness and sorrow with you.我，也是你的老师将和你分享快乐和忧愁。

⑵which/as代替一句话内容,谓语动词用单数As is known, she is kind.众所周知，她很善良。

⑶one of +复数名词+ 定语从句,从句中的谓语用复数形式; the only/exact one of+复数名词+ 定语从句,从句中的谓语用单数形式。

8. 从句作主语时的主谓一致⑴what 从句作主语应根据表语来决定谓语动词的单复数。

What he’d like most for a birthday present is a car.他最想要的生日礼物是一辆车。

What we badly need here are some English teachers.这里最需要的是英语老师。

⑵以who ,why, how, whether 或that 引导的名词性从句谓语动词用单数。

二. 意义一致原则1. 集体名词family, audience, crew, club, class, company, committee, party, crowd group, army, government, the public等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果指集体中的各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。

①My family is a large one.我的家是一个大家庭。

②My family like playing cards.我的家人喜欢玩扑克。

③The public is the best judge。

公众是最好的裁判。

④The public are invited to express their opinions.公众被邀请表达他们的看法。

2. 表示时间，重量，长度，金钱，数目等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数即把主语作一个整体来看。

①Three hours is enough to do the work.三个小时来做这项工作足够了。

②Forty miles is a long distance.四十英里是一段长距离。

注意：如果强调过了多少时日，谓语动词要用复数形式。

Five years have passed.五年过去了。

3. 以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时，如physics, mathematics, mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics. statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 谓语动词通常用作单数。

e.g. Physics is a fundamental subject in science.物理是一门理科基础学科4. 其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题英语中有一些通常以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名词，如glasses, pincers, pliers, scissors, shorts, suspenders, trousers等，这类名词做主语，如果不带“一把”、“一副”等单位词，谓语动词通常用复数。

5. 当and连接的并列名词词组带有each，every, no或者many a 等限定词时，谓语动词通常用单数。

e.g. Each student and each teacher has been given a task.每个学生和老师都被给与一项任务。

Every flower and every bush is to be cut down.每朵花和每棵草都要被修剪。

6.The + adj. 原级用于指人时（the old, the rich ，the poor ),谓语动词用复数形式。

若指东西，抽象概念或个人时，谓语动词用单数形式。

e.g.①The young are usually active.年轻人通常很活跃。

②The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美的东西往往给人以愉悦。

7. none作主语时谓语动词用单、复数均可，且以复数更普遍。

①None of them have/has failed.他们都成功了。

②None have/has arrived yet.还没有人到达。

③None money of the money is mine.这些钱都不是我的。

8. 有些单词如：who, most, all, the rest, half, some 等即可表示单数也可表示复数意义，谓语动词随其意义而定。

9. 有些名词如：deer, sheep, means,works, species, people等用作单数或复数均可，谓语动词随其含义而定。

①This glass works was built in 1978.这玻璃建筑建成于1978年。

②East of the city are two steel works.这座城市的东部有两个钢铁建筑。