超细磷酸铵盐微粒灭火剂与B类火作用的有效性研究_殷志平

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Application of ALOHA to the decision-support-ing systems for hazmat transportation emergen-cy response

TANG Shao-jia,WANG Wei,LIU Mao

(Center for Urban Public Safety Research,Nankai University,Tian-jin300071,China)

A bstract:In order to reduce the rate and consequence of the hazmat (hazardous materials)transportation accidents and control the risk, this paper intends to present a framework for developing a decision-supporting system(DSS)for such material transportation emergency response,and then provide a database and sample-model warehouse of the DSS.At the same time,we are also inclined to make a theo-retical analysis of the decision support system(DSS)for hazmat transportation emergency response,presenting its design concepts and methodologies.In addition,it is necessary for us to carry out some functions of the above system b y using soft wares known as ALOHA and ArcGIS,especially the ALOHA's accident conseq uence simula-tion and ArcGIS's geographical in formation description,which are adopted to support the corresponding decision for emergency respons-es.The paper has also taken a release accident for example,which is to fabricate the release of liquid ammonia on the Jingjin Freeway to show how the users of the given s ystem make decision for hazmat transportation emergency response based on ArcGIS,in hoping to in-dicate the functions of DSS for the corresponding st of all,we would like to point out that the s y stem establishment remains still far from being desirable,including its system in collecting data. Key words:safety management;hazardous materials transportation;

ALOH A;decision support systems CLC number:X913.1 Document code:A Article ID:1009-6094(2007)03-0122-04＊收稿日期:2007-03-08

作者简介:殷志平,博士研究生,从事超细微粒灭火技术研究;潘仁明,研究员,博士生导师,从事含能材料与安全工程

研究。

文章编号:1009-6094(2007)04-0125-04

超细磷酸铵盐微粒灭火剂与B类火作用的有效性研究＊

殷志平1,潘仁明1,曹丽英2

(1南京理工大学化工学院,南京210094;

2公安部上海消防技术研究所,上海200438)

摘　要:为研究超细微粒灭火剂的灭火能力,对NH

4

H2PO4质量分数为90%的ABC干粉进行超细化和表面改性,制得具有良好流散性的平均粒度在2～10μm的微粒灭火剂,然后将不同量的微粒灭火剂和一定压力的氮气一起充装于1L的贮压式灭火器中,然后在1m3灭火室内进行全淹没条件下的B类油火灭火试验。结果表明,粒度在4.11μm以下的微粒灭火剂能在空中滞留15min以上,并且其灭火质量浓度随着灭火剂的体积平均直径的减小而减少;微粒灭火剂的体积平均粒径为2.48μm时,其灭火质量浓度仅为59～64g/m3,平均灭火时间小于6s。超细微粒灭火剂具有良好的空间流动扩散能力,可用于全淹没火灾保护,作用于B类油火时,灭火质量浓度低且灭火时间短,灭火效率很高。

关键词:安全工程;超细微粒灭火剂;磷酸二氢铵;灭火浓度;体积平均直径

中图分类号:TU998.1 文献标识码:A

0　引　言

普通干粉灭火剂,其粒度一般在20μm以上,主要用于局部火灾保护。而研究发现,如果进一步降低普通干粉灭火剂的粒度,则不仅改变微粒的流动特征,而且能大大提高其灭火效率。Kibert等[1]的试验结果表明,许多干粉灭火剂存在一个临界粒径,当干粉微粒的粒径小于该尺寸时,干粉的灭火效率大幅提高。而Chelliah等[2]同样发现,碳酸氢钠灭火剂的灭火效率随着粒径的减小而提高,扑灭相同强度火焰所用的碳酸氢钠灭火剂的量也随之减少。Chattaway等[3]对比了超细碳酸氢钠、超细碳酸氢钾灭火剂和普通碳酸氢钠及碳酸氢钾干粉灭火剂的灭火效率,并进行了定量研究。结果表明,超细碳酸氢钠、超细碳酸氢钾灭火剂的灭火能力是普通干粉类碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾的6～10倍。唐聪明等[4]采用超音速气流粉碎机和特殊的表面处理方法对磷酸铵盐干粉进行超细化和硅化处理,制备出了平均粒径为7.28μm的超细磷酸铵盐系列干粉灭火剂。将超细化后的磷酸铵盐干粉灭火剂充装在手提式灭火器中,与普通磷酸铵盐干粉灭火剂进行局部灭火对比实验时发现,有效灭火次数由原来的2次增加到6次,有效灭火时间由原来的4s缩短到1s,其灭火效能约为普通型的4倍。张巍等[5]采用水相合成法制备磷酸铵盐干粉灭火剂,以磷酸二氢铵为主料,加入滑石粉、云母粉、活性白土、硅油、白炭黑、硅酸钠等辅料,成功制备了粒径在100～500nm的超细磷酸铵盐干粉灭火剂。国内也有一些学者在超细粉体灭火剂研究方面取得了一些进展[6,7],进行了一些超细干粉灭火剂的表面处

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第7卷第4期2007年8月 安全与环境学报

Journal of Safety and Environment

Vol.7　No.4

　Aug,2007