小学英语专题一名词

小学英语语法基础知识专题一名词一、名词的数①一般在名词后加s.如boy→boys, pen→pens bag---bags bed---beds但是 chicken 当小鸡讲时，是可数名词，There are a lot of chickens in the house.当鸡肉讲时，是不可数， I like eating chicken .②以s, x, sh, ch结尾的，加es.如bus-buses box-boxes brush-brushes, watch-watches match但stomach的复数为stomachs.注意 mouth month path③"以辅音字母+y"结尾的，y变为i，然后再加es.如baby→babies city—cities country--- countries注意以“元音+y”，直接加s。

如：day--days，boy--boys④以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe改为v, 再加es. 如knife-knives , half-halves(wife ,knife，wolf， thief， shelf，self，life , half, leaf)口诀：妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。

以f结尾，加S 的情况：gulf（海湾）, roof（屋顶）, chief（首领）, serf（奴仆）, belief（信仰）, proof（证据）, 但handkerchief（手帕）---handkerchiefs 或handkerchieves。

口诀：海湾边、屋顶上，首领农仆两相望；谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上⑤以o结尾的名词加-es Negro（黑人）—Negroes ，hero（英雄）-heroes, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes加-s kilo→kilos, photo→photos, , radio→radios, piano→pianos, video→videos.bamboo—bamboos zoo---zoos但zero---zeros或 zeroes①man→men,woman→women,policeman→policemen,foot→feet, tooth→teethchild-children，mouse→mice , Englishman→Englishmen， Frenchwoman--- Frenchwomen（德国人）---Germans ， American---Americans ， Australian(澳大利亚人)---Australians② 单复数同形如：Japanese→Japanese, Chinese→Chinese sheep→sheep, deer→deerfish—fish 注意 fish作鱼肉讲时不可数。

I like eating fish.fish指鱼时是可数。

He gives me two fish.③ 有些名词形式上是单数，实为复数意义，通常被称为复数名词，如：people, police(不说a people，可说a person) 两个人two persons 或 two peoplepolice(警察) ten police (不说a police，可说a policeman)④合成名词变复数apple tree→apple trees , bus driver --- bus drivers ,girl friend--- girl friendspasser-by(过路人) → passers-by grown-up → grown-ups(成年人)注意：被man 或woman 修饰的名词变复数时，两个名词都要变。

ma n doctor →men doctors woman teacher→women teachersman driver---men drivers woman nurse---women nurses⑤ 有些名词只有复数形式，如：clothes, trousers, glasses, scissors(剪刀), chopsticks⑥数词+名词作定语时，常采用数词+单数名词形式，如a two-week holiday, an 8-year old girl.另一种常见的形式有five minutes' walk, two days' leave①可用表单位的词修饰不可数名词a piece of paper two pieces of paper a piece of breada bottle of water a cup of coffeea glass of milk a piece of news②用a little, little, much, a lot of ,lots of, some, any等修饰不可数名词。

There is a little milk in the cup. （ a little一些，一点儿, 表肯定）There is little milk in the cup. （ little 几乎没有，表否定）a few, few, many, a lot of ,lots of ,some, any等修饰可数名词。

There are a few students in the room. （ a few 一些，表肯定）There are few students in the room. （few 几乎没有，表否定）二、名词的格1）表示有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格一般在名词后加's Tom’s knife①以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加' 如： the teachers' reading room;②不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格要加's. children's pens women’s books③如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在后一个名词的后面加's Jane and Helen's room (共有的房间)④如果不是共有的，则两个名词之后都要加's Bill's and Tom's rooms（不共有）2）表示无生命的东西，一般用 of+名词的结构。

a map of Chinathe picture of the familythe legs of the tablea picture of my father 指的是爸爸本人的照片。

3)有些表示时间，距离，国家，城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以用'sten minutes’walkone month’s vacation4)双重所有格a friend of mine= one of my friend 我朋友当中的一个【课堂练习】I.写出下列名词的复数形式。

watch ____________strawberry___________ child ____________ thief ____________photo ___________ diary __________ box___________ man doctor_______ day ______________ foot______________ zoo pear tree_________book____________ peach____________ dress ____________ girl student___________tooth____________ baby______________ deer__________ _ German__________stomach mouth hero woman nurse__________Negro American kilo leafFrenchman piano knifeII. 翻译下列词组。

一些桃子___________ 我的自行车__________ 五袋大米____________ 教师节__________八只脚__________ 妇女节__________ 二十颗牙齿___________ 二张纸_________三瓶果汁________ 四个男医生_________ 四十个女警察__________ 七颗梨树_________十二把小刀_________ 一副世界地图________ 九个德国人________ Helen的朋友_______ 许多孩子 __________ 双胞胎的妈妈___________ Tom和Jack共有的房间III. 按要求改写下列句子。

1.There is an orange tree in the garden.（改为复数句）_____________________________________2. She is a good teacher. （改为复数句）____________________________________________________3. I have some interesting story books. （改为单数句）______________________________________4. There are some women teachers over there. （改为单数句）_________________________________5. -What is it? -It's a box. （改为复数句）_______________________________________________IV. 单项选择。

( )1.Mr Smith is _______father. They are twin sisters.A. Mary 's and John'sB. Mary's and JohnC. Mary and John's( )2.She needs ___________________.A. a glass waterB. two glasses of waterC. two glasses of waters( )3.There are five______ in our school.A. woman teacher B woman teachers C. women teachers( )4.There are many _______ in the fridge.A. foodB.breadC. vegetables( )5.I'm thirsty. I think I'll buy some______.A. waterB. eggsC. cakes( ) 6.John bought ___ for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoeC. two pair of shoesD. two pairs shoe( )7. -What would you like to have for lunch, sir? -I'd like____.A. chickenB. a chickenC. chickensD. the chicken( )8. There are five ___in our factory.A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers( )9. The post office is a bit far from here. It's about_____.A.thirty minutes's walkB. thirty minute's walkC. thirty minutes' walkD. thirty minutes walk( ) 10. _____ turn yellow in autumn.A. LeafB. LeavesC. LeaveD. Leafs( ) 11. Will you please show me the way to the _____ shop?A. shoeB. shoes'C. shoesD. shoe's( ) 12. _____ hard work it is! A. What a B. How C. What D. How a( ) 13. His family_____a happy one.A. beB. areC. isD. was( ) 14. I met two_____in the street yesterday morning.A. GermanB. AustralianC. AmericanD. Japanese( ) 15. My grandparents like_____very much, so they grow some in their_____garden every year.A.vegetable, vegetableB. vegetable, vegetablesB. C. vegetables, vegetables D. vegetables, vegetableV.用所给单词的正确形式填空。