英语演讲的艺术week four-1

I. The overarching goal of the United Nations is to promote international cooperation. II. The United Nations is divided into five administrative bodies. III. The United Nations is made up of 192 member states.
• Sometimes the main points are evident form your specific purpose statement. • Suppose your specific purpose is “To inform my audience about the goals, structure, and member states of the United Nations”. • Obviously your speech will have three main points.
I. Building of the Great Wall began during the Qin Dynasty of 221-206 B.C. II. New sections of the Great Wall were added during the Han Dynasty of 206 B.C.-220 A.D. III. The Great Wall was completed during the Ming Dynasty of 1368-1644.
• Speeches explaining a process or demonstrating how to do something. For example: Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of the steps in laser-assisted corrective eye surgery. Central Idea: There’re three main steps in laser-assisted corrective eye surgery.
Main Points:
I. Floor exercise combines dancing, acrobatics, and tumbling. II. Vault features explosive power and dramatic midair maneuvers. III. Balance beam requires precise routines and perfect coordination. IV. Uneven parallel bars demand strength, flexibility, and agility.
• Can boost your credibility, your confidence, and your ability to deliver a message fluently. • Three basic parts of a speechintroduction, body, and conclusion. • The process of organizing the body begins when you determine the main points.
Organizing Body of the Speech
• Listeners demand coherence. • Strategic organization: putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience. • Clear and specific speech organization can establish clear relationships among your ideas
Main Points: I. Northern Italy is home to Venice and its world-famous canals. II. Central Italy is home to Rome and its historical treasures. III. Southern Italy is home to Sicily and its culinary（烹饪的） traditions. • Used most often in informative speeches.
Main Points:
I.
The first step is shaping the metal into the form of the finished object. II. The second step is creating a design by soldering （焊接）fine wire （细金 属丝）to the surface of the object. III. The third step is filling the design with colored enamel（瓷漆；瓷釉 ）. IV. The fourth step is polishing the object. V. The final step is gilding the object with fluid gold.
Strategic Order of Main Points
• Order depends on your topic, your purpose, and your audience. • Chronological order. • Spatial order. • Problem-solution order. • Topical order.
Specific Purpose: To
inform my audience about the three major regions in Italy. Central Idea: Northern, central, and southern Italy have their own identities and attractions.
• As you can see, chronological order is especially useful for informative speeches. • View an excerpt from “The Great Wall of China”.
Spatial Order
• Spatial order: a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern. • The main points proceed from top to bottom, left to right, front to back, inside to outside, east to west, or some other route. • For example:
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience
how the Great Wall of China was built. Central Idea: The Great Wall of China was built in three major stages.
Main Points:
Main Points:
• Main points are not stated expressly in your specific purpose. • To inform my audience of the basic steps in making a cloisonné（景泰蓝） object. Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of the steps in making a cloisonné object. Central Idea: There are five basic steps in making a cloisonné object.
Main points:
I. At the center of a typhoon is the calm, cloud-free eye. II. Surrounding the eye is the eyewall, a dense ring of clouds that produces the most intense wind and rainfall. III. Rotating around the eyewall are large bands of clouds and precipitation called spiral rain bands（降雨带）.
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience
about the goals, structure, and member states of the United States. Central Idea: Composed of five administrative bodies and 192 member states, the United Nations is devoted to promoting international cooperation.
Main Poin layer is sliced off the surface of the eye to expose the cornea （眼角膜）. II. Second, an ultraviolet laser is used to reshape the cornea. III. Third, the thin layer sliced off at the beginning of the surgery is reaffixed to the eyes.
Chronological Order
• Chronological order: a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern. • Narrate a series of events in the sequence in which they happened. • For example:
Main Points
• Main points: the major points developed in the body of a speech. Most speeches contain from two-five main points. • Central features of your speech. • Select them carefully, phrase them precisely, arrange them strategically.
Specific purpose: To inform my audience
about the four events in women’s gymnastics. Central Idea: The four events in women’s Gymnastics are floor exercise, vault, balance beam, and uneven parallel bars.
Specific purpose: To inform my audience
about the structure of a typhoon. Central Idea: A typhoon is made up of three parts of going from inside to outside.