(英语)高二英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)

（英语）高二英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Education is not a bystanders sport. Numerous researchers have shown that when students participate in classroom discussion they hold more positive attitudes toward school, and that positive attitudes promote learning. It is no coincidence that girls are more passive in the classroom discussion and score lower than boys on SATs.
We found that at all grade levels in all communities and in all subject areas boys controlled classroom communication. They participated in more interactions than girls did, and their participation became greater as the year went on.
Our research contradicted the traditional assumption that girls control classroom communication in reading while boys in math. We found that whether the subject was language arts and English or math and science, boys got more than their fair share of teacher attention. That teachers talk more to male students is simply because boys are more aggressive in grabbing their attention by calling out answers to the teachers' questions first. While girls sit patiently with their hands raised or keep silent. Psychologist Lisa Serbin and K.Daniel O'Leary, then at the state university of New York at stony brook studied classroom interaction at preschool level and found that teachers gave boys more attention, praised them more often and were at least twice as likely to have extended conversations with them.
Years of experience have shown that the best way to learn something is to do it yourself. It is also important to give students specific and direct feedback about the quality of their work and answers. Teachers behave differently depending on whether boys or girls are active to provide answers during discussions. During classroom discussion, teachers in our study reacted to boys answers with powerful, precise and effective responses, while they often gave girls mild and unclear reactions because of their silence. Too often, girls remain in the dark about the quality of their answers. Active students receiving precise feedback are more likely to achieve academically. And they are more likely to be boys.
This kind of communication game is played at work, as well as at school. As reported in numerous studies, it goes like this.
Men speak more often and frequently interrupt women.
Listeners recall more from male speakers than from female speakers, even when both use a similar speaking style and cover the same content.
Women participate less actively in conversation. They do more smiling and gazing, and they are more often the passive by standers in professional and social conversations among peers. Women often their own statements into unsure comments. This is accomplished by using qualifiers and by adding tag question. These uncertain patterns weaken impact and signal a lack of power and influence.
Only when girls are active and treated equally in the classroom will they be more likely to achieve equality in the workplace.
（1）What does the authors mean when they say“Education is not a bystanders sport.”? A. Both boys and girls should do more sports. B. The girl students should be the audience to
watch the boy students' discussions.
C. The boy students should not be too active in the classroom discussions.
D. Both boy and girl students should take an active part in the classroom discussions.
（2）Which of the following is Not true?
A. Girls' scores are lower than boys on SATs.
B. Girls control classroom discussion in reading while boys in maths.
C. Boys control classroom discussion in both reading and maths.
D. Boys are more confident in calling out answers to catching the teachers' attention.
（3）The factors that contribute to the students' effective learning are the following except__________.
A. The students can take an active part in the classroom discussion
B. The students do it themselves
C. Teachers can give students specific and direct feedback the quality of their work and answers
D. Students transform their own statements into uncertain comments
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了教育不是旁观者的活动。

要想学有所获，必须积极参与其中互动。

男生比女生更加积极地参与课堂互动，因此获得老师更多的直接指导，这使得他们的能力得到培养，个性也得到张扬，所以在今后的职场中也能够站统领地位。

女性要想获得同等的地位，应该从积极参与课堂互动开始。

（1）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知，许多研究表明，当学生参与课堂讨论时，他们对上学持更积极的态度，积极的态度促进学习。

女生在课堂讨论中更被动，在SAT考试中得分低于男生，这不是巧合。

因此推断作者说“教育不是旁观者的活动”是为了表明男孩和女孩都应该积极参与课堂讨论。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Our research contradicted the traditional assumption that girls control classroom communication in reading while boys in math. We found that whether the subject was language arts and English or math and science, boys got more than their fair share of teacher attention.”可知，我们的研究违背了传统的假设，即女孩在阅读中控制课堂交流，而男孩在数学中控制课堂交流。

我们发现，无论是语言艺术和英语，还是数学和科学，男孩在教师的注意力中所占的份额都超过了他们的平均水平。

因此女孩在阅读中控制课堂交流，而男孩在数学中控制课堂交流的说法是错误的。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Numerous researchers have shown that when students participate in classroom discussion they hold more positive attitudes toward school, and that positive attitudes promote learning.”可知，A项“学生们能够积极参与课堂讨论”是对的；根据第四段的“Years of experience ha ve shown that the best way to learn something is to do it yourself. It is also important to give students specific and direct feedback about the quality of their work and answers. ”可知，多年的经验表明，最好的学习方法是自己去做。

给学生关于他们的工作和答案的质量的具体而直接的反馈也是很重要的。

故B、C都是有利的因素；而D项“学生们将自己的陈述转化为不确定的评论”文章中没有提到。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
When I was three years old, I couldn't speak. It was a strange reality that none of the doctors I visited could understand.
One day, I was shadowing(跟随)my mother. She found herself looking in a mirror, and through it our eyes met. She began to speak to me through the reflection, and I slowly began to mimic(模仿)her mouth's movements until I formed a word.
It turned out I'm deaf in my left ear, and have a slight problem in my right. Being hard of hearing has been difficult, but I've never lived in a state of self-hating sorrow.
Imagine being able to shut out all sound as you lay your head down to sleep by simply rolling over onto one side. That's my reality when I sleep on my "good ear", and it makes me feel like a superhero sometimes.
People call my deaf side my "bad ear", but when I wear my hearing aid, I have access to a range of features that some other deaf people don't. In cinemas, for example, with one click of a button I can enjoy a whole film as though it were whispered to me from the mouths of the actors.
Owning a hearing aid hasn't always felt good, however. On the first day I got my aid, when I was eight, I took it to school for show-and-tell. As I explained how it worked to my classmates, a boy yelled out, "Aren't those for old men?" At that moment, I felt different. It took me a long time to get over that sense of being so unlike my peers.
But it's not just school kids who can make us deaf and hard-of-hearing people feel like burdens. Every video on social media that lacks subtitles(字幕), for example, means an entire community of deaf people is unable to enjoy it. Completely deaf people are excluded from enjoying many movies too, as subtitles in cinemas are almost impossible to find.
And with hearing aids costing around $2,500 each, it can be hard for many people to afford to be able to listen to the things that others take for granted. As for me, I can listen to music, enjoy films, and catch conversations –I'm lucky. I'm deaf, but I can still hear everything. I've been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and I am human. And when it comes to sleeping, I'm even superhuman.
（1）How does the author view his hearing difficulty?
A.It's a disaster and causes him a lot of trouble.
B.It gave him a chance to experience something special.
C.It made him feel embarrassed in front of his classmates.
D.It helped him to live in his own world without being interrupted.
（2）What can be inferred from the passage about the author?
A.He was born deaf.
B.He is optimistic and helpful.
C.The hearing aid brings convenience to his daily life.
D.His family and classmates have supported him a lot.
（3）What is the author's attitude toward his life？
A.Excited.
B.Anxious.
C.Grateful.
D.Disappointed.
（4）What is the author's main purpose in writing the article?
A.To give advice on life to disabled people.
B.To show how difficult life is for disabled people.
C.To show the convenience a hearing aid could bring.
D.To share his experience of treating a disadvantage with gratitude.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者天生有听力障碍，但是他却乐观地对待自己的缺陷，想办法让自己的生活充满了快乐。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据作者对自己日常生活的描述，可知作者的听力障碍让他有机会经历了一些特殊的事情，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“And with hearing aids costing around $2,500 each, it can be hard for many people to afford to be able to listen to the things that others take for granted. As for me, I can listen to music, enjoy films, and catch conversations –I'm lucky.”对我来说，我可以听音乐，欣赏电影，捕捉对话——我很幸运。

可知助听器给他的日常生活带来了方便，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“I've been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and I am human.”可知作者对生活充满感激，故选C。

（4）考查写作意图。

纵观全文可知，本文讲述了作者天生有听力障碍，但是他却乐观地对待自己的缺陷，想办法让自己的生活充满了快乐，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是以感激的心情分享他对待劣势的经验，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和写作意图两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
Microplastics are everywhere in our environment. It's hardly surprising that the tiny fragments have also been found in humans. A new study shows that Americans are consuming as many as 121,000 particles each year.
Measuring 50 to 500 microns in length, microplastics come from a variety of sources, including large plastics that break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Therefore, much remains unknown about the common existence of these materials within the human body, as well as their impact on human health.
Hoping to fill in some of these gaps, a research team led by Kieran Cox, a PhD candidate at the University of Victoria, looked at 26 papers assessing the amount of microplastics in commonly
consumed food items, among which are seafood, sugars, salts, honey, alcohol and water. The team also evaluated the potential consumption of microplastics through inhalation (吸入)using previously reported data on microplastic concentrations in the air and the Environmental Protection Agency's reported respiration rates. Based on these data, the researchers calculated that our annual consumption of microplastics via food and drink ranges from 39,000 to 52,000 particles. When microplastics taken in through inhalation are taken into account, the range jumps to between 74,000 and 121,000 particles per year.
The authors of the study found that people who drink exclusively from plastic water bottles absorb an additional 90,000 microplastics each year, compared to 4,000 among those who only consume tap water. "This shows that small decisions, over the course of a year, really matter and have an impact." Cox says. The new study, according to its authors, was the first to investigate "the accumulative human exposure" to microplastics. But in all likelihood, the research tells only a small part of the entire story. Collectively, the food and drink that the researchers analyzed represent 15 percent of Americans' caloric intake. The team could not account for food groups like fruits, vegetables and grains because there simply is not enough data on their microplastic content.
For those worried about microplastic consumption, cutting down bottled water is a good place to start. But to the heart of the problem, we have to stop producing and using so much plastic.（1）What makes it difficult to know microplastics commonly exist in the human body?
A.The quality.
B.The quantity.
C.The shape.
D.The size.
（2）How did Kieran Cox's team calculate the potential consumption of microplastics?
A.By studying papers.
B.By comparing the impacts.
C.By analyzing the data.
D.By conducting experiments.
（3）Which of the following is true according to the text?
A.Drinking less plastic bottled water helps to take in fewer microplastics.
B.The study is among the earliest to investigate human exposure to microplastics.
C.Cox's team gained comprehensive information of microplastics taken in by humans.
D.People consume 74,000 to 121,000 particles of microplastics per year from food and drink.（4）What is the best title for the text?
A.The Potential Problems of Microplastics
B.Microplastics Coming From Various Sources
C.Microplastics Found Within Human Bodies
D.The Impact of Microplastics on Human Health
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Measuring 50 to 500 microns in length, microplastics come from a variety of sources, including large plastics that break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Therefore, much remains unknown about the common existence of these materials within the human body”微塑料颗粒的长度在50到500微米之间，有多种来源，包括可以分解成越来越小的碎片的较大塑料，因此，关于这些物质在人体的普遍存在还有很多未知之处，可知，微塑料颗粒的大小让我们很难知道它们普遍存在于人体中，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“The team also evaluated the potential consumption of microplastics through inhalation （吸入）using previously reported data on microplastic concentrations in the air and the Environmental Protection Agency's reported respiration rates. Based on these data, the researchers calculated that our annual consumption of microplastics via food and drink ranges from 39,000 to 52,000 particles.”基兰·考克斯的研究小组还利用先前报告的空气中微塑性物质浓度数据和环境保护署报告的呼吸速率，评估了吸入过程中微塑料的潜在消耗量，根据这些数据，研究人员计算出，我们通过食品和饮料每年消耗的微塑料颗粒从39000到52000不等，由此可知，基兰·考克斯的研究小组是通过分析数据来计算微塑料的潜在消耗量的，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“The authors of the study found that people who drink exclusively from plastic water bottles absorb an additional 90,000 microplastics each year, compared to 4,000 among those who only consume t ap water.”这项研究的作者发现，那些只喝塑料瓶装水的人每年会摄入90000个微塑料颗粒，而那些只喝自来水的人每年摄入4000个微塑料颗粒，由此可知，少喝塑料瓶装水有助于减少微塑料的摄入，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“Microplastics are everywhere in our environment. It's hardly surprising that the tiny fragments have also been found in humans. A new study shows that Americans are consuming as many as 121,000 particles each year.”微塑料在我们的环境中无处不在，在人类身上也发现这些微小的碎片并不奇怪，一项新的研究表明，美国人每年消耗的微塑料颗粒多达12.1万个，可知，本文主要介绍的是研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
Money is the root of all evil (邪恶) and new study claims there may be some truth behind the saying. Scientists at the University of California Berkeley, US, announced on February 27 that rich people are more likely to do immoral things, such as lie or cheat, than poorer people. The scientists did a series of eight experiments. They published their findings online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNA《美国国家科学院院刊》).
They carried out the first two experiments from the sidewalk near Berkeley. They noted that drivers of newer and more expensive cars were more likely to cut off other cars and pedestrians
at crosswalks. Nearly 45 percent of people driving expensive ears ignored a pedestrian compared with only 30 percent of people driving mow modest cars.
In another experiment, a group of college students was asked if they would do immoral things in various everyday situations. Examples included taking printer paper from work and not telling a salesperson when he or she gave back more change. Students from higher — class families were more likely to act dishonestly.
According to the scientists, rich people often think money can get them out of trouble. This makes them less afraid to take risks. It also means they care less about other people's feelings. Finally, it just makes them greedier. “Higher wealth status seems to make you want even more, and that increased want leads you to bend the rules or break the rules to serve your self- interest,” said P aul Piff, lead scientist of the study.
Piff pointed out that the findings don't mean that all rich people are untrustworthy or all poor people honest. He said the experiments were to show how people living in different social situations express their instincts（本能）and values in different ways.
（1）By saying “money is the root of all evil”, the author wants to .
A. link wealth with bad behavior
B. draw readers' attention to the research
C. show how the saying proves the findings
D. defend rich people who do immoral things （2）According to the scientists, which is NOT the factor that makes rich people immoral?
A. They welcome risks.
B. They have more desires.
C. They believe money talks.
D. They become more selfish.
（3）Why did the scientists do the experiments?
A. To show how social status affects people's morality.
B. To show people's instincts and values in different ways.
C. To test whether the saying “money is the root of all evil” is true.
D. To show the difference between higher - class people and lower - class people.
（4）What does the passage really want to show us?
A. The poor are respectable.
B. Money is the root of all evil.
C. All rich people are untrustworthy.
D. The rich are more likely to act badly.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者主要通过展示几个实验的结果，旨在证明"金钱是一切罪恶的根源"这一说法可能是有一定道理的。

(1)考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“new study claims there may be some truth behind the saying…that rich people are more likely to do immoral things, such as lie or cheat, than poorer people.”可知，用这个俗语“金钱是万恶之源”来引出本文的话题——富人们是否比穷人们更加有可能做不道德的事情，通过一些实验来证实，让读者们看到这一研究，目的是吸引读者对这个研究的注意，故选B。

(2)考查推理判断。

根据倒数第三段中的“According to the scientists, rich people often think money can get them out of trouble. This makes them less afraid to take risks. It also means they
care less about other people's feelings.”按照科学家的研究，富人们通常认为钱可以解决一切麻烦，所以他们更不害怕冒险，也意味着他们更少在乎其他人的感受，可知，他们喜欢冒险并不是让他们不道德的因素，而且从常识来说，并不是所有喜欢冒险的人就是富人，而且喜欢冒险也不代表不道德，故选A。

(3)考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“He said the experiments were to show how people living in different social situations express their instincts(本能) and values in different way s.”可知，实验的目的是展示生活在不同的社会状况下的人们如何以不同的方式来表达他们的本能和价值观。

故选A。

(4)考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Piff pointed out that the findings don't mean that all rich people are untrustworthy or all poor people honest.”可知，并不是所有的富人都是不值得信任的，也并不是所有的穷人都是诚实的，故A，C都错误；B项“金钱是万恶之源”这只是一个引子，并不是文章要告诉我们的；根据文章第一段科学家发表的声明可知，富人们更加有可能不道德，也就是行为上更糟糕，恶劣。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second-class citizens.
As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friend die.
Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.
I've been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals. They're other primates(灵长目动物), after all, animals from our own mammalian(灵长目动物) class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure in laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.
Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, 1 started to wonder: Will the new science of "food animals" bring an ethical (伦理的) revolution in terms of who we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science?
Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?
（1）According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of .
A. interaction
B. analysis
C. creation
D. abstraction
（2）The research into pigs shows that pigs .
A. learn letters quickly
B. have a good eyesight
C. can build up a good relationship
D. can apply knowledge to new situations
（3）Paragraph 4 is mainly about .
A. the similarities between mammals and humans
B. the necessity of long-term studies on mammals
C. a change in people's attitudes towards animals
D. a discovery of how animals express themselves
（4）What might be the best title for the passage?
A. The Inner Lives of Food Animals
B. The Lifestyles of Food Animals
C. Science Reports on Food Animals
D. A Revolution in Food Animals
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了动物也有情感有思想，有一定的分析推理能力。

人类不应只将它们当作食物。

(1)考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“When given problems to solve, they reason: hens traine d to pick colored buttons choose some times to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one”可知，当解决问题时，母鸡们会推理：例如，受过挑选彩色纽扣的训练的母鸡们有时会选择放弃即时的食物奖励，换取稍晚一些(而且更好)的食物奖励。

由此可知，母鸡们具备分析能力。

故选B。

(2)考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.”可知，一些研究者拿着带X标记的木板，一些研究者拿着带O标记的木板，只有拿带O标记木板的研究者给猪提供食物，猪很快就只理会这些研究者了。

当木板换成带X和O标记的衬衫时，猪仍然只走向那些穿带O标记衬衫的研究者。

这表明猪将把知识转移到了二维
的形式，这是一种相当大的推理壮举。

故选D。

(3)考查段落大意。

根据第四段中的“At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals...Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies…helped to fuel a vie wpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.”可知，数十年前，作者坚信猴子和猩猩在思考能力和情感上都胜过其他的动物。

很快，作者就意识到除了猴子和猩猩，鲸鱼也是文化学习的主人，大象也表现出高兴等情感。

长期的研究也促进着我们社会观点的转变：我们不再认为猴子只能是实验室里的实验对象，大象只能在马戏团里进行表演，海豚只能被养在主题公园狭小的池子里。

很明显，本段介绍的是人们对动物看法的转变。

故选C。

(4)考查主旨大意。

第一段提出：科学开始拥抱原来被我们认为是二等公民的动物们（即：我们对某些动物的看法正在发生变化）。

第二和第三段以母鸡和猪为例告诉读者：通过科学研究，母鸡和猪也具备情感，也具备分析推理能力。

第四段介绍了人们对动物看法的转变。

第五和第六段呼吁读者：动物有自己的情感和思想，我们不要只将动物当成我们的食物。

结合每段大意可知，该文主要是围绕动物也有情感有思想来展开的。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断。

段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
Recent summer temperatures in parts of Australia were high enough to melt asphalt. As global warming speeds up the heat and climatic events increase, many plants may be unable to cope. But at least one species of eucalyptus tree can resist extreme heat by continuing to “sweat” when other essential processes stop, a new study finds.
As plants change sunlight into food, or photosynthesize (光合作用), they absorb carbon dioxide through pores on their leaves. These pores also release water via transpiration(蒸腾), which circulates nutrients through the plant and helps cool it by evaporation(蒸发). But exceptionally high temperatures are known to greatly reduce photosynthesis—and most existing plant models suggest this should also decrease transpiration, leaving trees in danger of fatally overheating. Because it is difficult for scientists to control and vary trees' conditions in their natural environment, little is known about how individual species handle this situation. Ecologist John Drake of the S.U.N.Y. College of Environmental Science and Forestry and his colleagues grew a dozen Parramatta red gum (Eucalyptus parramattensis) trees in large, climate-controlled plastic pods that separated the trees from the surrounding forest for a year in Richmond, Australia. Six of the trees were grown at surrounding air temperatures and six at temperatures three degrees Celsius higher. The researchers withheld (扣留) water from the
surface soil of all 12 trees for a month to imitate a mild dry spell, then induced a four-day “extreme” heat wave: They raised the maximum temperatures in half of the pods（three with surrounding temperatures and three of the warmer ones）— to 44 degrees ℃. Photosynthesis ground to a near halt in the trees facing the artificial heat wave. But to the researchers' surprise, these trees continued to transpire at close-to-normal levels, effectively cooling themselves and their surroundings. The trees grown in warmer conditions coped just as well as the others, and photosynthesis rates bounced back to normal after the heat wave passed, Drake and his colleagues reported online in Global Change Biology.
The researchers think the Parramatta red gums were able to effectively sweat — even without photosynthesis — because they are particularly good at tapping into water deep in the soil. But if a heat wave and a severe drought (干旱) were to hit at the same time and the groundwater was exhausted, the trees may not be so lucky, Drake says.
Other scientists call the finding encouraging. “It's definitely good news,” says Trevor Keenan, an ecologist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, who was not part of the study. “It would be very interesting to know how this translates to other species,” he adds. Drake hopes to conduct similar experiments with trees common in North America.
（1）How does one species of eucalyptus tree cope with extreme heat waves?
A. By releasing water.
B. By blocking sunlight.
C. By absorbing groundwater.
D. By reducing photosynthesis.
（2）What did the researchers do during their study?
A. They grew all the trees in artificial temperatures.
B. They induced a heat wave in a dozen pods of trees.
C. They created climate-controlled surroundings for trees.
D. They varied trees' conditions in their natural environment.
（3）The underlined phrase “ground to a near halt” in Paragraph 4 means “________”. A. continued B. substituted C. strengthened D. ceased
（4）What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A. Photosynthesis is necessary for the trees to sweat.
B. No further experiments will be done other species.
C. Other species will be transplanted to North America.
D. Groundwater helps the trees survive the extreme heat.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，联合国环境科学与林业学院的生态学家John Drake 和他的同事们通过对红桉树做实验，得出结论：在极度的高温中，红桉树仍然可以通过释放水分来抵抗热浪，获得生存。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“But at least one species of eucalyptus tree can resist extreme heat by continuing to 'sweat’”可知，桉树通过“流汗”，即释放水分来抵抗极度的热，故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Ecologist John Drake… and his colleagues grew a dozen Parramatta red gum … trees in large, climate-controlled plastic pods that separated the trees from the surrounding forest for a year in Richmond, Australia.”可知，研究者们将12棵红桉树种植在巨大的，气候受控制的塑料舱里，这种塑料仓将这些树和周围的森林分离开来。

可知，研究者们为这些树创造了一个气候受控制的生长环境，故选C。

(3)考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“But exceptionally high temperatures are known to greatly reduce photosynthesis”可知，极度的高温会减少光合作用。

由第四段后面的内容可知，令研究者们惊讶的是，面对着人工制造出来的热浪，这些树继续以接近正常的水平蒸发，有效地使自己和周围的环境凉爽下来。

结合这两点可以推知，面对人工制造出来的热浪，光合作用应该是大大减少，但这并没有影响树木的蒸发。

划线部分意思应当接近于“大大减少，降低”这一类的意思cease意为“停止”，故选D。

(4)考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“The researchers think the Parramatta red gums were able to effectively sweat — even without photosynthesis — because they are particularly good at tapping into water deep in the soil. But if a heat wave and a severe drought （干旱）were to hit at the same time and the groundwater was exhausted, the trees may not be so lucky, Drake says.”可知，这些树擅长吸取地下水，如果热浪干旱同时发生，地下水枯竭的话，那么这些树生存的可能性就比较小了。

由此可以推知，地下水帮助这些树存活下来。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
One of the main decisions you must make when traveling is deciding where to stay. A place to stay can often make or break a holiday. Whether you are looking for a classy hotel or a night under the stars, we can guide you through your different options.
Bed and Breakfast
An English invention, bed and breakfasts, offers exactly what they suggest, a bed for the night and breakfast in the morning. “B&Bs”，are usually someone's private home, often found in the countryside.
Hostels
For those traveling on a tight budget, hostels are the best accommodation option. Informal places usually with a lovely relaxed atmosphere, they offer dormitory beds for rent. Bathrooms are usually down the hall.
Remember to check reviews by previous guests online before you book your hostel.
Couch Surfing
An unusual but interesting option, couch(沙发) surfing is a growing trend among young internationals. The idea is that you become a member of the online couch-surfing community (www. couchsurfing. com) and then when you travel, look up other members in that country and ask to stay on their couch. Most hosts will suggest sightseeing trips and take you out in the。