outcome1 HND 公司法
HND客户服务outcome1
SQA-HND-客户服务-OUTCOME1《客户关系文化构建》英文案例中文提示Alice Hendry最近受聘成为高山酒店集团的总经理。
这是她首次受聘成为这个层次的管理者，她非常渴望能成功地做好自己的工作。
她意识到她的任务将是非常艰巨的。
但她自信：凭着从以前数次的类似经历中所获得的经验，她能迅速调动她得员工，把他们整合成一支忠于所做工作的统一团队。
酒店集团的董事会要求她提交一份报告，就她将怎样在传统的春秋淡季提升经营业绩做出详细说明。
该酒店集团有一系列的独特资源：它有150间客房，两个餐馆，两个酒吧和一个夜总会。
除此之外，它还有一个健身中心和一个游泳馆。
集团还经营有自己的运动品商店，在冬季提供滑雪用品的租售和滑雪培训课程，在夏季提供山地自行车运动设备的租售和导游。
集团还经营有高山缆车。
缆车除了冬季供滑雪者上山使用夏季供山地自行车运动者使用外，平时也向风景观光者开放。
酒店在冬夏两季的顾客通常是年轻运动爱好者。
尽管如此，Alice意识到酒店以前也尝试过吸引其他类型的顾客，尤其是在滑雪和山地自行车运动冷淡的春秋两季。
很明显，酒店以前的这种努力没有获得任何成功，虽然酒店的设备能毫无疑问的能满足更多成年顾客的需求。
Alice已经对酒店以前的这种经营失败做了一些调查，她不无担心地发现：酒店以前努力在淡季吸引更多中年顾客方面获得了一些成功，但是顾客的回头率太低，不能留住顾客。
在Alice到任第一个月末她召集了酒店集团的所有中高层管理会议。
会议讨论她对本年度淡季提高经营业绩的计划。
她建议：集团需要开展一系列拓展市场的行动来吸引更多中老年顾客；集团的员工对工作要采取更灵活的办法。
例如：有些人更喜欢比较安静的郊外散步，而不是剧烈的滑雪和山地车。
集团的健身中心为了吸引这类顾客可以相应的开展这类安静的运动项目；运动品商店可以为不具有强烈冒险精神的顾客或者在天气不好的时候提供低谷徒步团体游；Alice还觉得春季观鸟游在这里很有市场，因为她注意只要知道观察的地点，高山酒店集团所处的区域有很多罕见的夏季候鸟出现；夜总会很容易在淡季改造成舞厅，用作排排舞等健身舞活动（吸引中老年顾客），而不是仅仅局限在受年轻人喜欢的劲爆舞。
HND商法outcome1问题及答案
1.现代苏格兰法的渊源Source Of Scotland Law1.Statute 成文法2.EU Law 欧盟法mon Law 普通法2.民法与刑法的区别The main differences between civil and criminal law are:a.Criminal law is primarily used by the State as a means of maintaining law and order by punishing certain individuals who indulge in behaviour which is regarded as criminal and anti-social. The State uses the criminal law, therefore, to punish criminals on behalf of the community or society.b.The civil justice system, in contrast with criminal law, aims to resolve legal disputes between private individuals in areas as wide-ranging as family law, company law, partnership law, banking and finance law, sale of goods and services, consumer law, personal injury claims, trusts, defamation actions, succession issues and divorce (消费者保护法，个人伤害索赔，信托，诽谤行动，继承问题和离婚).c.Different courts, standards of proof and procedures existdepending on whether we are talking about criminal action or a civil dispute. (we will discuss this more in later chapters)3.成文法的定义Acts of parliament are often referred to as legislation or statute law. the westminster parliament alone made laws for scotland until the creation of the scottish parliament,however,westminster has given the scottish parliament authority in many different areas of policy to make statute law.4.苏格兰议会与英国议会Which the Westminster Parliament or the Scottish Parliament , is the superior legislative body?(a)The westminster（维特敏斯特——伦敦市的一个行政区英国议会所在地）parliament(b)1.After(the Act Of union in)1707,the new scottish parliament is not completely/totally/fully independent（独立的）(body/organization).2.It's westminster parliament that gave scottish parliament.3.Scotland can only make secondary legislation（法规法令）/can not make primary legislation.4.Scotland parliament can abolish（废止）.5.欧盟立法机关European Union Legislation(what are the four most important institutions of the European Union and which of the European Union institutions has law-making powers?)(a)四个机构1.The Commission European: A Supervision（监督）Role2.The Council of Ministers (部长理事会决策性的)3.The European Parliament(建议性的)4.The European Court of Justice (执法)(b)哪个机构有权利制定法律1.the council of ministers and the european parliament have the power/authority to make law/advisory.2.The EU commission can not make law.3.The court enforces EU Law.法院实施欧盟法6.The primary of European Union Law Assuming three exists a conflict between scots and European Union law , which one of the two legal systems are the Scottish courts bound to follow? Why?(a) 如果Scotland law与EU Law发生冲突应该遵守？The Scottish corts would have to obey/observe the European Law.(b) Why?1.the EU Union have 27 member state,every state must to obey the EU Union's regulation.2.3. Scotland is a part member of the EU Union,so It must obey the EU Law,if UK decided get out of the EU Union,Scotland will not obey the EU Law.7. 6个民事纠纷例子Civil disputes Employment law disputes e.g. unfair or wrongful dismissal claims劳动法纠纷，如不公平的或者错误的解聘纠纷Family law disputes (custody or adoption of children)家庭法纠纷（孩子的监护或收养问题）Divorce or separation actions离婚或分居诉讼Debt recovery actions债务清偿纠纷Defamation of character人格诽谤纠纷Land disputes土地纠纷Winding up of a corporate body公司解体纠纷Succession disputes (wills)继承/遗嘱纠纷Personal injury claims人身伤害纠纷Contractual disputes合同关系纠纷8. 5个苏格兰使用的法律Sale of goods act 1979Employment right act 1996Human right act 1998Protection of children（scotland）act 2003The healthy and safety at work act 1974Abolition of feudal tenure （scotland）act 2000The licensing （scotland）act 19769.什么是犯罪What is a crime?A crime is behaviour which is regarded as so reprehensible (应受谴责) and which, consequently, threatens or undermines thesecurity of society. Criminal behaviour ought to be punished by the State by the imposition of a prison sentence and /or fine or other sanction (制裁) on the person who is convicted of a crime.举例（5个）：Examples of criminal conduct include murder, rape, assault, fire-raising, theft and fraud (欺诈行为).10.司法先例Judicial Precedent定义Judicial Precedent (司法先例)Judicial Precedent also known as Stare Decisis (遵循先例).If a legal dispute or any other legal situation occurs and there is no provision in any Act of Parliament of any piece of delegated legislation to cover it, the judge dealing with the dispute must make a decision which he/she sees as fair and just.In such a situation therefore, the judge is actually making the law—he/she is creating a precedent—and their decision will be followed in the future by other judges in similar cases. However, if legislation is passed later which is contrary to the judicial decision, then the legislation that is passed later will overrule it.原则For precedent to be applied the following must be shownThat the cases are “in point”—This means that the case beingheard in court must be dealing with the same question of law as the case being heard in court as the case that is being used as a precedent.That the original decision was made in a higher court: the Court of Session and Sheriff Court Judges must follow a House of Lords decision.There is no legislation to cover this point. At the time of this case, there was no legislation to cover such a situation and so the judges had used their sense of fairness to reach a decision.举例Donoghue V Stevenson 1932 SC（HL）31Daniels V White （1938）Grant V Australian Knitting Mills（1936）。
HNDBCR商务契约关系outcome1
Case 1Question 1●General principles of the law of delictThe law of Delict, like the law of contract, is a part of the law of obligations. A delict has been defined as: “a civil wrong committed by a person in deliberate or negligent breach of a legal duty, from which liability to make reparation for any consequential loss or injury may arise”. Delict is also known as the law of (ivi)wrongs‟ and applies to much of the same area of law as the English law of …tort‟.General principles of delictual liability is that a loss or injury, such as physical or personal injury, the loss of earnings, nervous shock, distress, damage to a reputation; caused by a legal wrong; caused by culpa on the part of the wrongdoer.Two exceptions will be discussed is that vicarious liability, where the defender is liable for the actions of another; and strict liability, where liability can arise without fault through statutory provision. Liability is transferred to the person benefiting or gaining by the actions of the wrongdoer and they are more likely to be able to pay and/or be covered by insurance. Vicarious liability is an example of joint and several liability as the injured party can sue both the employee and the employer.●Negligence and the duty of careNegligence is the most common delict and an action in delict arise where harm is caused carelessly or inadvertently. The law of negligence has developed to protect individuals from physical harm to the person and to property. Financial interests are only protected where the financial loss is consequential to the harm of the person or property. For a claim to arise in negligence, the following points must be considered: duty of care owed; breach of the duty of care; caused and causation and remote. And this is judged on what the reasonable man would or would not have done had he been in the defender‟s position to eliminate the risk which in the exercise of his reasonable foresee ability he had identified. In the case of Scott V London and St Katherine Dock Co (1861). Six bags of sugar fell on a custom house officer as he was passing under a warehouse loading bay.The bag were being lowered to the ground by a crane and there was no explanation for the accident. In the absence of an explanation the presumption was that the accident arose from the defender‟s negligence. And in the case of Smith v Leech Brain and Co Ltd (1961), a man was burnt on his lip by a splash of molten metal and his employer was held negligent in not providing adequate protection for the employee. This led to cancer although there was already a premalignant condition in his ;op tissue. The employers were held liable for his subsequent death.Question 2●Standard of careThe standard of care varies according to the particular circumstances, in this case Mrs McGregor was seriously injured in a car crash because her brakesfailed.Danny feels dreadful about this he should have spent more time working on Mrs McGregor‟s car. In the case of Hughes v Lord Advocate(1963) and Muir v Glasgow Corporation illustrates this point.●Breach of the duty of care◆Contributory negligence. Where the defender has been negligent but thepursuer‟s actions have partly contributed. The burden of proof is with thedefender. (Sayer V. Harlow urban Council (1958).◆Consent and volenti nofit injuria (one consenting no wrong can be done).When the pursuer freely and voluntarily with full knowledge of the riskinvolved agrees to take the risk no delict (Morris V. Murray (1991)).◆Damnum fatale. An act of God and would be outside the control of man.Example is cyclone, hurricane, and earthquake.In this case Danny feels dreadful about this he have spent more time working on Mrs McGregor‟s car. After listening to Danny‟s worries, Tom, the garage owner, has reassured him that he did everything that could be expected of a reasonably competent mechanic.Case 2Question 1●Liability applies to the keeper of an animalThe duty of care:There is no liability for a failure to take due care unless there was a duty to take care in the first place. A duty of care is imposed by both the common law and by statutory law. There is a breach of the duty of care. This indged on what the reasonable man would or would not have done had he been in the defender’s position to eliminate the risk he had defined. For example, the provision of the Health&Safety At work Act 1974.The burden of proof:The burden of proof is the obligation on a party to establish the facts in issue in a case to the required degree of certainty (the standard of proof) in order to prove their case. There is a rule of evidence known as res ipsa loquitur or the …facts speak for themselves‟ and here the burden of proof shifts to the defender. There are three conditions necessary for res ipsa loquitur to apply: the offending …thing‟must have been under the control or management of the defender or his employees such accidents do not normally happen where due care is taken there is an absence of explanation for the accident.Vicarious (in place of another) Liability: Someone can be liable for another‟s delictual act. This can come as a result of agency, partnership and employment.Liability is transferred to the person benefiting or gaining by the actions of the wrongdoer. Vicarious Liability of the employer for his employee‟s Actions Vicarious liability is an example of joint and several liability as the injured party can sue both the employee and the employer. To bring an action against the employer the pursuer must prove: That the wrongdoer was an employee of thedefender, and that the delict (wrongful act) was committed within the scope or course of his employment. If the employer is sued and found liable, then the insurance company can sue the employee for the amount that has been paid in damages which is unusual unless conduct has been willful, it is illustrated by the case of Lister V Romford Ice and Cold Storage Co (1957).Strict liability: The liability Where can arise without fault through statutory provision.The principle of no liability for pure economic loss has been qualified by some development in case law where there is financial loss caused by negligent misstatement and where financial loss is caused by careless acts in limited circumstances. In the case of Hedley Byrne & Co v Heller & Pareners(1964)In the case of Smith v Eric Bush (1989), the House of Lords held that such disclaimers could not exclude the liability of surveyor for negligent report as under the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977it was not fair or reasonable to expect the purchaser to take the risk for losses arising form the incompetence of a surveyor.Question 2●DefencesThe following defences are available when concerned with liability in relation to both dangerous and non-dangerous species:Contributory NegligenceWhere the damage caused is due wholly to the fault of the person suffering itis said to be a defence under Section 5 of the Animals Act 1971.ViolentV oluntary assumption of the risk is a defence under Section 5 of the AnimalsAct 1971 but not if this risk is ordinarily incidental to that personsemployment. An example of this would be someone working as a lion tamersassistant.TrespasserUnder Section 5 of the Animals Act 1971 there will be no liability where thekeeper can prove that the animal was not deliberately kept to protect personsor property from trespassers of if it was that this protection was notunreasonable.In the case, the employer can use contributory negligence, consent and volenti non fit injuria and damnum fatale. In the case of Lister v Romford Ice and Cold Storage Co (1957), and in the case of Morris v Murray (1991),The defence of volenti was successful.Question 3Careless ActsThis is also known as the junior books liability after the leading case of Junior Books v V eitchi & Co(1982). That pure economic loss is generally irrecoverable, unless there are exceptional circumstances such as negligent misstatement or a special relationship akin to contract as in junior book. In addition, it should be noted that the junior book decision has been criticlsed in many subsequent court cases and should be read with caution.Case 3Question 1There are various defences available to a claim in delict and specifically covers the following: contributory negligence; consent and volenti non fit injuria; damnum fatale; immunity and prescription.There are many defenses available to be argued by a defender to an action. For example, defender could claim a defense on point of low. The defender could also claim that the pursuer‟s case was factually incorrect, i.e. A defense on point of fact.In the case(a), the Rap can use contributory negligence, consent and volenti non fit injuria and damnum fatale. In the case (b), the Margaret can use contributory negligence. In the case (c), He wants to use immunity to escape his liability.Question 2In the case(a), Jamesie intends to sue Rab for the injuries that he suffered as a result of his dangerous driving. the Rap can use contributory negligence, consent and volenti non fit injuria and damnum fatale to escape liability.In the case (b), Margaret attempted to apply the brakes as quickly as possible, but the bus driver was much slower to react, the defender is the bus driver, but his vehicle was unable to stop in time so the bus collided head on with Margaret‟s car. It is unexpected. At the same time, Margaret was not wearing her seat belt at the time of the collision, it is Margaret‟s negligence. So the defender coule use contributory negligence to escape liability.In the case (c), obviously, the Knockbuckle players, lost his temper脾气and kicked Gavin in the face during a scrum and he makes a excuse for this called that accidents will happen and anyone who plays the game knows this only too well. He wants to use immunity to escape his liability.Question3In the case(a), Jamesie got to the car and screamed at Rab to drive the car as fast as he could, so Jamesie has liability on the subsequent car crash, and in the case, we could find that Rab lost control of the vehicle, it is damnum fatale. Thus, Rap mightsuccessfully by use contributory negligence, volenti non fit injuria and damnum fatale to escape liability.In the case (b), the defender is the bus driver, he had out of control of his vehicle when the accident happened, so the bus collided head on with Margaret‟s car. It is unexpected. At the same time, Margaret was not wearing her seat belt at the time of the collision, it is Margaret‟s negligence. So the defender coule use contributory negligence to escape liability successfully.In the case (c), the Knockbuckle players, lost his temper and kicked Gavin in the face during a scrum and he makes a excuse for this called that accidents will happen and anyone who plays the game knows this. It is an intentional act, he wants to use immunity to escape his liability. I think It is chicanery and it never would have succeed.。
HND商法导论OUTCOME1答案
Outcome Covered 1Assessment task instructionsCandidates will be given one closed-book exercise consisting of ten restricted response questions for the assessment of Outcome 1. This exercise should take candidates approximately 30-45 minutes to complete.考生将获得1闭卷行使十个评估的结果1限制反应的问题组成。
这项工作应采取的候选人约30-45分钟才能完成。
分钟才能完成。
1 List the main sources of modern Scots Law.1名单现代苏格兰法律的主要来源。
名单现代苏格兰法律的主要来源。
Statute law, common law and European Union law2(a) What is meant by the doctrine of judicial precedent?2（一）什么是司法先例原则？（一）什么是司法先例原则？2(b) Give an example of a judicial precedent.2（b ）给出了一个司法先例的例子。
）给出了一个司法先例的例子。
3(a) Which is the superior legislative body: the Westminster Parliament or the Scottish Parliament?3（一），这是上级立法机构：威斯敏斯特议会或苏格兰，这是上级立法机构：威斯敏斯特议会或苏格兰议会？议会？3(b) Explain your choice of answer in part (a) above.3（b ）解释第（一）项的选择你的答案。
HND人力资源管理outcome1
Individual ReportF84T 34 Managing People and OrganisationsOutcome 1NAME: uSCN：CLASS：ContentsIntroduction 0Section 1：Relationship between goals, objectives and policies (1)Section 2：Differences between the formal and informal organization .. 1 Section 3：Open System Theory (2)Section 4: Different stakeholders (2)Section 5: Effective control strategy (3)Conclusion (4)Reference (4)IntroductionThe purpose of the report is what to understand more fully the organization management。
I learned c ompany's departments’ work together in order to achieve the company’s goal s。
This report has five sections which are relationship between goals，objectives and policies, differences between the formal and informal organization，open System Theory，different stakeholders and effective control strategy.Section 1： Relationship between goals， objectives and policiesThe relationship between goals，objectives and policy facilitates to the effective management. Goals and objectives provide the desired results, and the policy is guiding people how to do。
SQA-HND-商法-OUTCOME1 答案
Outcome 11. The two main areas of law are Criminal and Civil Law.- Criminal lawDefinition: deals with all types of offences过错and crimes, concerns itself with the recognition of what amounts to a crime and the punishments suitable for these recognized crimes.Criminal conduct is the behavior which threatens the safety and security of the community. So the offender should be punished by imprisonment or fine or some other sanctions. Examples: murder, culpable homicide, piracy, treason, armed robbery, supplying illegal drugs, fire raising, assault, fraud, theft, house breaking, dangerous driving, and breach of the peace)- Civil lawDefinition: concerned with non-criminal disputes and situation, including the following:a) The settlement of legal disputes between individuals and other bodies (example: divorce case).b) The payment of compensation from one party to another for loss or injury (example: a case where someone was claiming damages after being injured by faulty machinery at work).c) The setting of procedures to govern financial and other matters (example: the legal procedures to be followed when buying or selling a house).2. Sources of Scots Law are Statute Law, European Union Law, and Common Law or Judicial Precedent.- Common LawDefinition: is a numerous legal rules that form the part of unwritten laws of Scotland which has been handed down to us as customs and practices over the centuries.A major source of Common Law is the practice whereby judges make new rules of law will be followed by other court, so that it is legally binding rules.3. Doctrine of Judicial PrecedentDefinition: is a process involves a process whereby a judge can develop a rule of law by making a decision in a test case. A test case refers to the one in which clarification of an important point of law is sought, and judges after listening to opposite legal arguments will have to make the decision about which view of the law is correct. Once this decision has been made, future judges and course will be expected to follow the reasoning in the test case, if they are dealing with a case with similar legal issues.It must be emphasized that not every judge can make a new binding legal rule. The authority of the judge or court should be considered here, if the judge is relatively junior, he/she will be unlikely to be able to create a new rule of law. But on the other hand, if the rule comes from superior courts, this decision will be followed by the lower or inferior courts.Judicial precedent or case law is parts of the unwritten law of Scotland.Donoghue v Stevneson (1932)4. Westminster Parliament and Scottish Parliament (legislative body)Unlike the previous Scottish Parliament which was abolished by the Act of Union in 1707, the new Scottish Parliament is not a completely independence body. The Scottish Parliament is clear and inferior body compared with the Westminster Parliament.It is the Westminster Parliament from which the Scottish Parliament obtains its authority to pass laws for Scotland. So any legislation of the Scottish Parliament is thought to be secondary legislation.It is also necessary to know that a simple Act of the Westminster Parliament is all that it would take to abolish Scottish Parliament. Westminster Parliament has already abolished a local assembly.Acts of Parliament are often referred to as legislation or statute law until the creation of Scottish Parliament, the Westminster Parliament alone made laws for Scotland. However Westminster has given the Scottish Parliament authority in many different areas of policy to make statute law.Abolition of feudal tenure act 2000The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974Sale of Goods Act 1979Employment Rights Act 1996Protection of Children Act 20035. Civil Law v Criminal Law- Criminal Law is primarily used by the state as a means of maintaining law and border by punishing certain individuals who have the behavior as criminally and antisocially. The State uses the Criminal Law to punish criminals on behalf of the community or sociality.- The Civil Law is to resolve legal disputes between private individuals in such areas as 民事纠纷Family Law, Company Law, Partnership Law, Banking and Finance Law, Sale of Goods and Services Law, Consumer Law, Personal Injury Claims Law, and Divorce.- Different courts and standers of evidence and procedures exist depending on whether we are talking about a criminal action or a civil dispute.Conflict between Scottish and european lawIf there is a conflict between Scottish and European law, the court should obey the rules or laws under European law.The European Union is an organization of 25 member states. The members must obey the rules or laws in order to enjoy the benefits of membership.Britain has been a member of the European Union since January 1, 1973. because of the passing of the European Communities Act 1972 by the Westminster Parliament. It is this legislation that recognizes the supremacy of European Law over the domestic law. By the time Britain became a member of European Union 1973. Many of the important law were already in place and Britainhad to accept this as a price of membership of European Union. But if Britain decides to withdrawal from membership from European Union, then its national law will once again get supremacy.6. The Council of MinistersThe European ParliamentThe European Court of JusticeThe European CommissionThe first two have the power to make laws for the people of European.The third one enforces European Union Law.The forth one is effectively the unions civil service and it can propose law. It can also bring breaches of the varies European Union Treaties to the attention of the European courts of justice. The Commission is regarded as the EU Treaties guardian of the varies European Union Treaties.。
HND演示技巧outcome1
Presentation SkillsF84E 35 (Outcome one)Name:SCN:CLASS:Content pageIntroduction (2)Findings (2)Presentation to banchory residents (2)Presentation to parents and teachers group (4)Presentation to Local councillors (7)Conclusion (9)Reference (9)IntroductionThis report describes 6 ways of speaking, and the analysis of the combination of scenes. PPT, CD-ROM, photographs and pictures, videos , graphs and charts ,objects and models.FindingsPresentation to banchory residentsTwo methods chosen2. CD-ROMHow to use the two methods1. Put pictures, videos and information into the PPT, so as to facilitate the audience more intuitive understanding of the content of the speech. Before the banchory residents into green and new house style are made into a video on ppt. Enterprise speakers can watch the video and residents banchory to explain, so that residents banchory can be very clear to get the answer to the question. Then the road improvement and the issue of housing density through the picture into the PPT, the enterprise speaker through the banchory residents PPT through the picture and explain, so that residents can be very clear to get the answer to the question.2. Residents banchory consider the problem, you can go to find the problem has been solved CD-ROM, so that residents banchory understanding of the problem can be easily solved. This can make residents banchory more simple to understand the content of the speech. The enterprise can make banchory residents look at the speaker and illustrate that banchory residents can get the answer is very clear.Why these have been selectedpurpose of the presentationCompany representatives and residents together discuss proposed problems: density of housing for each site, the new housing fitting in' with existing styles, access and road improvements and landscaping and boundary issues. The purpose of the presentation is to allay fears, answer questions, provide details of proposed housing styles and present an illustration of how the village will look at the end of the development work. PPT and CD-ROM the two speech can alleviate the concerns of banchory residents, because of focus have presented the problem to the banchory residents of these two ways can be clearly, let banchory residents can get a clearer and more comprehensive answer.2. The nature and the size of the audienceThe number of local residents -150 is 100 people banchory, belonging to a large-scale speech. PPT and CD-ROM can use big screen to make the presence of all the banchory residents are heard and seen speech content, and the CD-ROM data to more convincing, can take care of every one in the presence of local banchory residents. The audience all belong to the local residents banchory, and the number of people are more, all of the degree of every culture has. And CD-ROM PPT can take care of people in every level of education, because residents can be through photos and videos to understand the situation. Residents banchory can make a better understanding of the content of the speech.3. The venue of the presentationThis presentation of the site is the village hotel banquet hall can sit 100-150, speech is relatively large site. In the extensive field speech are most worried about is the audience the audience can clearly hear presentations, PPT and CD-ROM wouldn't have such problems, because the PPT and CD-ROM can use big screen playing to the audience the audience clearer and better understanding to all of the content and the answers.AdvantagesPPT has the speaker does not move back and forth.advantage that can make the content more rich, because PPT can put a lot of different knowledge, such as photos and videos.3. PPT advantage that can combine the sound.4. PPT advantage is convenient and quick.5. Advantage of the CD-ROM it is convenient to copy computer data to CD.6. Advantage of the CD-ROM is a large amount of data.Disadvantages1. The disadvantage is that ppt computer emergency situation is not good control.2. ppt drawback is dark environment.3. The disadvantage of CD-ROM is that CD-ROM can only use the content, can not be modified.4. The disadvantage of CD-ROM is that it is easy to be damaged, and the data is gone.Presentation to parents and teachers groupTwo methods chosen1. photographs and pictures2. videosHow to use the two methods1. Enterprise speaker can advance the picture of the planning area to see parents and teachers group, which can be more intuitive and real audience to understand the contents of the speech.Each speaker can give the audience a picture made, every listener can be more detailed and comprehensive picture of the learned new classrooms and new playground look.Parents and teachers group to see the pictures,you can integrated the various aspects to make recommendations, companies can put proposals to modify the record.2. Enterprise speaker can give parents and teachers group videos to explain the contents of the videos in the audience can quickly get the point. In his speech, parents and teachers group needs more intuitive, so use videos to presentations more persuasive. Enterprise speaker can put new classrooms and new playground analog videos presented to parents and teachers group, so parents and teachers group can be very detailed to watch the speech focus and make recommendations.Why these have been selected1. The purpose of the presentationCompany representatives, parents and teachers gathering together discuss the construction of the new adventure play area, new wildlife garden, including a pond, and updating school library with more 'quiet zones' and 15 new computers. The aim of this presentation is to present to parents and teachers the proposed plans for these areas and to encourage them to recommend ideas and suggestions. The local council is also taking this opportunity to upgrade existing facilities in the school. photographs and pictures and videos of these two methods can be fully speech to the audience to provide comprehensive and detailed information that allows parents and teachers group fully understand the new classrooms and a new playground, detailed pictures and videos can make listeners Presentations more understanding. Clarity, better advice.2. The nature and the size of the audienceThe number of listeners initially set at 18 people, which is a small-scale presentations, the speakers and audience interaction is very important. photographs and pictures and videos of these two speeches are suitable for small-scale ways of speech, Because corporate spokesman and let parents and teachers group to better face to face communication, making communication more accuracy. The speaker can use pictures and videos to answer audience questions, you can also interact with the audience, take advice.3. The venue of the presentationSpeech venue is a large classroom, the size of the classroom is limited, so the site will not be very broad. And the equipment of the classroom is very comprehensive, so the speaker with videos and photographs and pictures these two kinds of speech is very appropriate. These two methods are more convenient for the interaction between the speaker and the audience. Can maximize the effect of the speech, and be able to absorb better recommendations.Advantages1. The advantage of photographs and pictures is to give people the impression deeply, the effect is good.2. The advantage of photographs and pictures is that the picture is vivid and concise.3. Photographs and pictures advantage is high, the picture can be better reflected.4. The advantages of photographs and pictures is a high concrete, pictures can take the language specific presentation in front of the audience.5. Videos advantage is high efficiency and improve the effect of speech.6. Advantage of videos is real high, real videos are shot.Disadvantages1. The disadvantage photographs and pictures it is inconvenient to take notes.2. The disadvantage photographs and pictures that the audience will feel boring.3. The disadvantage is inconvenient to record videos.4. The disadvantage is that videos during playback, may cause the listener's attention is not focused.Presentation to Local councillorsTwo methods chosen1. graphs and charts2. objects and modelsHow to use the two methods1. Enterprises can use the speakers in detail and charts to explain the content of the speech to local councillors, so you can make the audience better understand the content of speech. To speak to local councillors is very formal, the graphs and charts presented to the local councillors is more appropriate. Business speaker in the form of a chart to the traffic survey data presented to the audience, the audience focus on the content can be found in the chart.2. Corporate speakers can be carried out after the graph model entities to explain the content to local councillors, allowing the audience clearly see and feel the expansion of the village simulation. And give local councillors very formal speech, objects and models used in formal speech speech mode. Companies can give each speaker a local councillors see, get in front of each listener, so local councillors can be very detailed understanding of the situation and can make good suggestions.Why these have been selected1. The purpose of the presentationRepresentatives of the company and local members together discuss finalized timetable for project starting spring of next year, data from traffic survey carried out by QinitiQ along with their predicted figures for traffic flow on project completion and recommendations from Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) on native tree planting proposal. Within the council there has been strong support for expansion of existing villages as opposed to establishing new villages. Graphs and charts can be formal way this speech to the audience and explain in detail the content of the speech, objects and models can be more intuitive and clearly explain the contents of the speech can be made more efficient.2. The nature and the size of the audienceThis meeting will take place in the council chambers and there will be a group of 35 people which consists of councillors and representatives from planning, roads and transport and environmental services. The speech 35 audience, a medium size. Enterprises should pay attention to the speaker and every local councillors interaction, Graphs and charts can be used to chart the performance of the content and the ability for everyone to communicate, when rendered objects and models so that we can more intuitive understanding of the content of speech.3. The venue of the presentationSpeech is the place of the meeting room, is a very formal place. It is necessary to use concrete data and detailed accessories to make the speech more formal and professional. graphs and charts speech mode and speech mode objects and models in a formal occasion to explain to the audience the content of speech, so that the audience better understand the presentation content and more explicit.Advantages1.Advantages graphs and charts of high authenticity, charts are based on real information made.2.Advantages graphs and charts is convincing high.3.Advantages graphs and charts that make speech very intuitive.4.Advantages graphs and charts is to make a more detailed presentation.5.Advantages objects and models is more formal, more suitable for speech.6.Advantages objects and models is persuasive relatively large, we can look at the model to explain at the same time.Disadvantages1. The disadvantage graphs and charts that fit in a certain field, people with expertise to understand and intuitive content.2. The disadvantage graphs and charts is the long production time.3. The disadvantage objects and models is not convenient to carry.4. The disadvantage objects and models have cost too costly.ConclusionThis report introduces 6 ways of speaking in 3 scenarios. Respectively is PPT, CD-ROM, photographs and pictures, videos , graphs and charts ,objects and models. And combined with the scene for the purpose of speech, the number of speech and speech scene for a detailed analysis. And summed up the advantages and disadvantages of the 6 ways of speech.ReferenceScottish Qualifications Authority,(2006).Presentation Skills, Peking Economic Times Press,11-31.。
HND市场学outcome_1_考题及参考答案
1 please describe the purpose and importance of marketing research to organisations.(expected response:approximately 200 words)Answering this question you'll be asked to interpret the meaning of marketing research first, then explain the importance of marketing research.An explaination of the importance of marketing research to include points such as: Definition of marketing researchReferenceMarketing research is a systematic, objective collection and analysis of data about a particular target market, competition, and other environment inluding internal and external environment. It always incorporates some form of data collection whether it be secondary research or primary research which is collected direct from a respondent.The marketing research aims at meeting the needs of its market where a company needs to understand its customers. With the change or development internal and external environment of company, the product market will varies from many factors such as customers' wants or demands.Since meeting consumers' needs is the basic commercial laws, and important for the company's survival and profits making, the company can do some efforts to create more customers' utilities (satisfaction) by marketing research. With the coming of the products' market growing and mature, the quantity of competitors increases, there is no more space available of prodcts' profits making. In order to survive, to keep the existing profit, or to increase the profit, company have motions to explore the potential markets by marketing reseach.2 expected response: approximately 300 words.(a)describe and distinguish between primary and secondary data.Reference :Primary data is the information collected for particular(specfic) purpose at hand. Secondary data exists somwhere, gathered for another purpose.The difference between the primary data and the secondary data can be listed as follows:Just as its name implies, primary data is the first hand information, while secondary data is the seond hand information. That is to say, primary data is field research which is gathered by an organisation for its own specific purpose. Seondary data is desk or library research which is gathered from the library and internal organisation, etc. So we can conclude that secondary data is started first, the more expensive, time-consuming primary research will be used only when missing information has to be collected by marketing research.Secondary data comes from both the internal database and information publicly available(marketing intelligence). While primary data can gathered from outside the organisation.There is the difference in the instrument of the two data. Primary data can gathered through survey . We can survey the targeting by mail, phone, or internet. It can collected through observation by ethnographic research, or sending its staff to observe. It also can gaghered information by focus group interivewing and by experimental research. While the secondary data can be sorted from public available information and internal information. the public available information may include government's report of industry, the news of competitors' website, the references form library, free industry research database, public limited company's information, etc.(b)idetify the advantages and disadvantages of using secondary data.AdvantagesReference:There are five main (key) advantages of secondary data. The fist, it is cheaper and can be obtained more quickly. The seond, Vast quantities of information covering a wide range of subjects are available. The third, since secondary data exists somewhere, it has already been analysed and processed. The fourth, organisations have gathered information over many years and trends and patterns can be identified so that the data is used because public receive it undoubtedly. The last, Governments produce statistics about markets and consumer habits, so if the change of environment can be neglected, the resources about markets can be used.The disadvantages of secondary data includes as follows:it is provided to pulic, so it can not provide specific information for a particular organisation, that is to say , the rivals possibly have the same accesses to gain the similiar information. It ages easily , so it is possibly out of date. Secondary data is not specially prepared for the specific problem of marketing, so the outcome maybe be biased.(c)identify different secondary soures which the organisation in the case study might use.Government statistics about social trends from the Annual Abstact ofStatistics.The financial accounts of rival company.Sales records from within the company to identify growing/declining areas.Newspaper articles about the latest toy crazes in America.Census figures which highlight population changes.Government statistics about the state of the economy.3 explain how the organisation in the case study might use different types of marketing research. Provide realistic and relevant examples of types of marketing research which the organisation could use to improve its current business situation.(expected 400 words)The company could carry out questionnaires in retail outlets, such as retailers and other middlemen by telephone, personal talk or online.the company could visit parent and toddler groups to observe how children play with toys.The company could invite pre-school children to play in the observation room exlusively bulit for research, the marketing managers could watch or observe the children's behavior by scanners or through the window outside the observation room.The company hire an well trained person who was good at marketing research to observe the parent and children's buying behaviors.The company could organise focus groups to discuss new products with groups of 10-12year olds. The company could create a flexbile and comfortabletalk/chat environment, start from an interesting topic so as to calm down the groups, then induct them to speak their true views on the exploration of the new product.The company could carry out the quesitonnaires to make sure the customers' buying preference and their habbits of buying toys , by this process, the company can gain some resources about the development of the new products for added customer market which can be described with 10-12year olds.The company could send out questionnaires to the toy buyers for exsitingproducts in different retail stores such as toy stores , super markets, etc. The contact methods are available which are mail, phone, personal talk, and online. Ifthe outlay for marketing research is enough , the suggested method is personal talk. Because this method is easy to control the quality of research.The company could organise focus groups to discuss exsiting products with groups of pre-school year olds. Since the customers' characteristic, the form of research maybe variable and flexible. Maybe playing games with them is available while carrying out research. By chatting with them, marketing managers or marketing researchers can know their needs for the toys.Since the industry is becoming even more competitive, gathering more secondary data of rival company's marketing activities is a quite right choice. We can analyse the rival companys' sales figures to see how they had adapted their product ranges. We can go to library for basic reference of rival company, we can gain the free data from the government statistics of industry, we can also gain the information of rival company on the internet ,especially on the rival company's website which includes formal information and informal information like BBS' news.For gathering more information of rival company, we can use the ethnographic research.we can hire a person specially trained for marketing research. The person will observe the buying behavior of their own consumers and rival companys' consumer, then analysis the difference between the two kinds of consumers. Finally give the different marketing strategy .The company could use secondary sources such as government statistics to identify changes in the market place.The company could gather information of book order of government for the primary scholar or pre-school children through the report of government 's work which can be received freely and through government authoritative website.。
HND客户服务OUTCOME1案例
Assessment Task 1Outcomes covered 1 and 2Assessment Case study: The ABC AirlineAn ABC Airline is an airline based in Singapore who has a young fleet, experienced pilots, attentive cabin crew and the pickiest ground technicians in the world.This airline company claims to offering the customer its undivided attention and care. Today, it is taking great pride in its reputation for both quality and being a ‘good listener’. It has learnt that superior-quality service pays off and, most importantly, that doing what the customer wants is the key to customer retention.As one of Asia’s largest route network operations, the ABC Airline conducted in 2005 one of the most comprehensive and extensive passenger surveys ever carried out. As the usual industrial practice only a few thousand travelers are asked for their views and comments. The airline surveyed over 400,000 Asian business travelers who fly with them or other airlines. What’s noteworthy is not the survey results, but the response to what business customers want.Top of the list of wants for a better flight for business customers was more leg-room and elbow-room, followed in third and fourth places by designated lounges and non-smoking aircraft. Separate check-ins and passport control were the top two most important convenience factors stressed by the business customers surveyed.The ABC Airline listened and took note by heart. It carried out tests on wider seating arrangement for business-class passengers on selected domestic and international routes. Responses were very positive. It redesigned a unique response where the airline world is concerned, business-class seats to make them wider. To ensure that The ABC Airline got things right first time, the design of the new seat was carefully thought out. The airline seat manufacturer, which was commissioned to do the redesign, was brought in to work with the airline’s marketing and technical staff. Other conveniences were also incorporate into the ne w seats. For example, they are equipped with modern communication systems, and a credit-card-operated telephone is installed in each armrest!Finding out what target customers require or desire is one thing. Responding to these demands and to the satisfaction of customers is another. The ABC Airline ran an ad campaign to thank respondents in the survey. But as the story above shows, a customer focus can benefit service business. To improve service quality, the firm must listen to what customers want and then commit resources to deliver precisely that.NB: The Case Study above is totally fictitious. It does not depict any real company.。
HND_商务沟通_outcome1
Assessment task 1Access the White PaperGreen ICT---The Greening of BusinessSkim the report briefly to get a sense of the topic and viewpoint, then focus on reading Section 3-3.1 of Green ICT in the Office.访问白皮书绿色信息通信技术——绿化业务脱脂报告简要地得到了人们的主题和观点,然后专注于阅读部分3 - 3.1绿色信息通信技术在办公室。
3.1 Green ICT in the office3.1.1 Energy-efficient use of equipment and use of energy- efficient equipment.Each and every office desktop offers opportunities to save energy. This involves both energy-efficient use of equipment and the use of energy-efficient equipment.3.1绿色信息通信技术在办公室3.1。
1节能设备的使用和使用节能设备。
每个办公室桌面提供了机会来节约能源。
这涉及到两个节能设备的使用和使用节能设备。
Leaving a copler switched on overnight uses as much power as it takes to make 1500 copies. [Experton].离开一个copler开启一夜之间使用的电力相当于让1500册。
[Experton]。
Even without deploying any new technology, significant savings can be realized by encouraging office workers to change their habits. Company policies can be contribute: for example, through the use of hibernation mode and power-management software for hardware, duplex printing, and generally avoiding unnecessary printouts.即使没有部署任何新技术,可以实现节约大量通过鼓励办公室员工改变他们的习惯。
HND-商法导论Outcome1答案
1.Sources of Scots Law are Statute Law, European Union Law, and Common Law 2.the licensing (scotland)act 1975 sale of goods act 1979 employment rights act 1996 the human rights act 1998 dog fouling (scotland) act 2003 3.family law disputes land disputes employment law disputes parliament is the superior legislative body .after theact of union in 1707, the new scttish parliament is not completely in 1707, independent parliament is primary. be 5.a crme is behavior which is harmful to society.it will will be punished.for example, murder, rape,theft,fraud，assault belong to crimes. 6.it exists a conflict between scots and eu law ,the scottish courts would have to obey the eu's legal system. eu is a club which has 27 member of the states.britain is a member of the club.so the britian must do its responesibility,and give up their own law.if the britain desided to quit the club ,the laws of the britain follow the domestic law . 7.speaking exactly the council of ministers,with the advice of of ministers,with european parliament .cm and ep have the law-making powers.the european court of justice implement eu law .the eu commission can propose laws effectively. 8.act of parliament are often considered as legislation . the statute is made uk parliament and the scottish parliament. 9. A.Judicial Precedent is a process involves a process whereby a judge can develop a rule of law by making a decision in a test case. A test case refers to the one in which clarification of an important point of law is sought, and judges after listening to opposite legal arguments will have to make the decision about which view of the law is correct. B.Once this decision has been made, future judges and course will be expected to follow the reasoning in the test case, if they are dealing with a case with similar legal issues. C.It not every judge can make a new binding legal rule. The authority of the judge or court should be considered here, if the unlikely to to be able to relatively junior, he/she will be unlikely judge is is relatively create a new rule of law. But on the other hand, if the rule comes from superior courts, this decision will be followed by the lower or inferior courts. D.Judicial precedent or case law is parts of the unwritten law of Scotland. E.Donoghue v Stevneson (1932) 10. Criminal law is deals with all types of offences and crimes, concerns itself with the recognition of what amounts to a crime and the punishments suitable for these recognized crimes. Criminal conduct is the behavior which threatens the safety and security of the community. So the offender should be punished by imprisonment or fine or some other sanctions. Examples: murder, piracy, fire raising, assault, fraud, theft Civil law is concerned with non-criminal disputes and situation. The settlement of legal disputes between individuals and other bodies The payment of compensation from one party to another for loss or injury The setting of procedures to govern financial and other matters. example divorce case. 。
SQA——HND——商法导论——outcome1 答案
2. Crime is an act which include social harmfulness, criminal richtswitrig and should be punitive. It threatens and damages the public interests, violates criminal law. And it should be punished by criminal law.3. shoplifting, murder, rape,fire-raising,fraud4. contractual disputes,succession disputes,trusts,personal injury claims,family law disputes5. EU law, Common law, statute law6. First, European Union is an organization which include 27 member states. Second, the 27 member states must abide by EU l aw. Third, EU law is prevailed over member’s law. When EU law and UK law form conflict, it must use the EU law.7. In 1972, UK joined the EU. And UK published the European Communities Act. When EU law and UK law form conflict, UK must use the EU law, If UK out of EU, it can not use the EU law.8. The European commission’s function is proposed law for a lawsuit. The council of ministers isa legislature. Its role is to pass the law and to represent the EU and other countries signed an agreement. European parliament’s role is to realize the EU law with the council of ministers. European court of Justice’s role is to interpret the EU law.9. Judicial precedents is a judge to create the legal process. When the judge found no judgment relevant laws and the judge had to create a new law. And the law need be created by High Court. It must be abide by each court in the future. The inferior court to abide by a superior couet to create laws. The superior court to abide by its own create laws. Example: Donoghue V Stevenson 1932 SC(HL) 3110. Statutes is law enacted by the parliament.There are UK parliament law and Scottish parliament law in UK. At first some laws are made by UK parliament and only for Scotland. Later, Scotland gets the rights to make its own law in some areas.11. Between 1707 and 1998, there is not Scottish parliament in UK. Only the UK parliament directly for Scotland to make law. From 1998, the UK parliament authorized the rights to make laws for Scotland. So the law was draw up by UK parliament called primary law. The law was draw up by Scottish parliament called secondary laws.12. 1998 Scotland Act , 1975 The Licensing Act , 1976 The Divorce Act , 1979 Sale of goods Act , 1996 Emloyment rights Act .。
HND商法导论outcome1
1 Sources of modern Scots Law.Statute law,common law and European Union law2 How do you describe the doctrine of judicial precedent? Examples of judicial precedent.It means that a judge can make law when there aren't legislation or precedents for him to use to deal with the case in his hand. In doing so, the judge or judges listen to arguments of all parties to decide which view of law is right. This case is called test case. They make their decision and then future judges should follow the reasoning in the test case . Not all the judges have the authority to make precedents. Junior judges usually can not do this. Ruling made by superior court must be followed by lower court.3 Which is more powerful: the Westminster Parliament or the Scottish Parliament? Why? The Westminster Parliament is superior. On the one hand, Scottish Parliament passes laws within the power conferred by the Westminster. On the other hand, the Westminster can abolish Scottish Parliament by passing an act.4 What is a statute?A statute is where a legislation is written down. A legislation made by parliament is called Act of Parliament, and also known as a statute.5 Name five Acts of Parliame nt.6 What are the main differences between civil and criminal law in Scotland? Criminal law is to maintain law and order by punishing criminals. The punishments includes imprisonment and fine and so on. Civil law is to resolve legal disputes between individuals such as divorce, personal injury, contractual disputes, sale of goods, etc. Criminal and civil cases are dealt with by different courts, who use different proof rules and follow different procedure.7 What is a crime? (You should list four examples of criminal behaviour) A crime is a kind of behaviour which threatens or destroys social security and should be punished by the state. Murder, rape, treason, theft, manslaughter, robbery, bribery, fraud, etc.8 Examples of a civil dispute. Contractual disputes, employment disputes, debt recovery, divorce, personal injury, land diputes9 If any conflicts between Scots and European Union Law, which one should the Scottish Courts follow? Why? European Union law. The UK is now a member of the EU. In order to enjoy the benefit as a member, the UK must obey the EU law. The UK has passed an act to confirm its membership and accepted that the EU law shall be superior to its domestic law.10 List the four most important institutions of the European Union and Which of them has law-making powers?1 The Council of Ministers.2 The European Parliament.3 The European Court of Justice.4 The European Commission.The Council of Ministers and the European Parliament has law-making powers.1 Examples of The European Union can make legal rules. Regulations, Directives, Decisions, Recommendations and Opinions2 “the primacy of European Union Law”? It means that when there is a conflict between EU law and Scots law, a Scottish court implements the EU law instead of Scots law.4 What is …legislation‟? Legislation refers to laws passed by the parliaments. These laws are Acts of Parliament. Besides, there is delegated legislation, which is made by bodies lower than the parliaments and authorized by the parliaments.5 Which of the two legislative bodies is more important? The Westminster Parliament is more important than The Scottish Parliament.6 What does the XXX (Scotland) Act mean? It means that this legislation is made by Scottish Parliament and applys to Scotland only.8 What is the burden of proof in a criminal trial which a prosecutor must achieve in order to convict the accused? The prosecutor must clearly prove the accused is guilty beyond any reasonable doubt.9 What is …common law‟? Common law is an important part of the unwritten law of Scotland. It includes judicial precedents, custom, equity and institutional writings.。
SQA——HND——商法导论——outcome1 答案
2. Crime is an act which include social harmfulness, criminal richtswitrig and should be punitive. It threatens and damages the public interests, violates criminal law. And it should be punished by criminal law.3. shoplifting, murder, rape,fire-raising,fraud4. contractual disputes,succession disputes,trusts,personal injury claims,family law disputes5. EU law, Common law, statute law6. First, European Union is an organization which include 27 member states. Second, the 27 member states must abide by EU l aw. Third, EU law is prevailed over member’s law. When EU law and UK law form conflict, it must use the EU law.7. In 1972, UK joined the EU. And UK published the European Communities Act. When EU law and UK law form conflict, UK must use the EU law, If UK out of EU, it can not use the EU law.8. The European commission’s function is proposed law for a lawsuit. The council of ministers isa legislature. Its role is to pass the law and to represent the EU and other countries signed an agreement. European parliament’s role is to realize the EU law with the council of ministers. European court of Justice’s role is to interpret the EU law.9. Judicial precedents is a judge to create the legal process. When the judge found no judgment relevant laws and the judge had to create a new law. And the law need be created by High Court. It must be abide by each court in the future. The inferior court to abide by a superior couet to create laws. The superior court to abide by its own create laws. Example: Donoghue V Stevenson 1932 SC(HL) 3110. Statutes is law enacted by the parliament.There are UK parliament law and Scottish parliament law in UK. At first some laws are made by UK parliament and only for Scotland. Later, Scotland gets the rights to make its own law in some areas.11. Between 1707 and 1998, there is not Scottish parliament in UK. Only the UK parliament directly for Scotland to make law. From 1998, the UK parliament authorized the rights to make laws for Scotland. So the law was draw up by UK parliament called primary law. The law was draw up by Scottish parliament called secondary laws.12. 1998 Scotland Act , 1975 The Licensing Act , 1976 The Divorce Act , 1979 Sale of goods Act , 1996 Emloyment rights Act .。
hnd 员工申诉outcome1
1.According to best practice, what should be the contents of a formal grievanceprocedure?Employees in content appeal management can be roughly divided into: appeal with appeal requirements, content and range appeal ways and means, appeal, appeal and complaint handling with responsibility.1.The content and scope and appeal petition demands and mainexplanation is: employees in the following circumstances appealo are only legal. Superior have corruption, bribery, theft, such asthe international peacekeeper behavior abusing power; Superiorhave sold, leak the harm such as enterprise behavior; Superiorabuse of power, with the major of appeal of injustice; Superiorpecans command will cause serious potential accident; Enterpriseadministrative sanctions; encroach worker legal rights Staffassignments conditions will harm worker healthy; Other seriousunreasonable behavior. The appeal of the above situationemployees as power is also obligations.2.Appeal ways and means refers to: the plaintiff may take interview,letters (signed) ways appeal. The plaintiff according to acceptcomplaints of the object can deal with problems and justicecredible complaints degree chooses to accept complaints object.The plaintiff may appeal to the relevant multi-level administrativedepartment or appeal. The enterprise internal can't handle relevantgovernment law enforcement to appeal or an arbitrationcommission.plaint handling refers to: accept the plaintiff in investigationand evidence collection process should be based on swift,confidentiality, objective principle, relevant departments mustactively cooperate. All who are investigating personnel musttruthfully, and the investigation items claiming compensation isconfidential. Every level superior and in charge of relevantdepartments shall accept complaints in the stipulated time, make adecision within the plaintiff is must perform such as obedienceaward. The human resources department, be entitled to acceptcomplaints for employees to defend, have the right to represent itsadministrative leadership or staff relevant administrativedepartments shall know details about the date of the provisionswithin the plaintiff obey mediation conciliation, make is must becarried out. If the mediation disaffected, can continue to relevantlaw enforcement or the arbitration committee appeal.2.Read the case study about ‘Universal Journals’and using the backgroundoutlined, together with your knowledge and understanding of handling grievance in the workplace, answer the following questions:a.Nick at the company that he did not get what he wants job, he thought he did a good job in the company should not be subject to such unfair treatment. And in this matter, to be informed in late, have not been in the company due attention and respect. Martha Brown, and he thinks there is no justice for him, and bias against him, and told him to not clear how to do it, Nick did not do a very good communication and exchange.b.Martha Brown－NickMartha should tell Nick what to do, but Martha and it should be pointed out that no time, Nick mistake criticism, Nick. When Nick mistakes should be timely points out, Nick mistake. Let Nick to realize his own mistake.Nick－Martha BrownNick has not said own idea to Martha Brown, has not adopted the very good communication. Is only accuses Martha Brown the management fault.Jennifer Miller－Martha Brown，NickMartha Brown did not timely report to Jennifer Miller on the Martha Brown himself and the problems between employees, there is no communication, and Jennifer Mille how solutions should be the question about Nick. Jennifer Miller did not specifically ask Martha Brown and the staff have any questions directly, and employees have no one to one exchange. Jennifer Miller did not ask Nick and his superiors in a timely manner any problems, there is no good some of the issues concerned with subordinatesc.Company does not have a clear evaluation system, and the company does not have a description of staff responsibilities. The staff and management of the system are not strict. Human Resource staff in the recruitment system is not clear and not rigorous.Lack of clarity in the company's rules and regulations, and management of the company do not have good management training. It led to poor communication between management and staff issues.d.Nick: should be timely and the company's management or their superiors to take communication and exchange, to avoid unnecessary conflicts. Then they have a strict requirement to do things seriously, pro-active to complete their work.Martha Brown: Nick should be told how to do it in time, and know to tell him what to do. Nick pointed out the error and on an appropriate criticism of Nick, so Nick aware of their mistakes. Although the company does not have a clear evaluation system, but Martha Brown should make a written record of evidence.Jennifer Miller: Jennifer Miller Martha Brown should do training in the management, and Martha Brown and Nick thing to do for a further discussion. After receipt of the application and Nick communication and exchange, promptly inform the development of Nick's things, and the best chance of an interview given to Nick. Or after the election of the new assistant, and Nick for a communication.e.ⅰ:If the company aspect hoped that has a very good solution way with Nick, the company aspect should have a good communication with Nick, and gives a Nick positive apology statement. For a Nick new position trades a work the environment. And rises in salary. Or gives a leave of absence the opportunity and the training opportunityⅱ:The company must consummate company's rules and regulations and the appraisal system. Training management work staff. Then must give a detailed positiondescription in each work position. Finally must certainly consummate oneself company's employment advertise procedure.ing examples from the case study, explain how a formal grievanceprocedure can contribute to the resolution of conflict and to the improvement of organizational performance.Formal appeals process in the company is very important. If the company in recognized in the system and management, what are the inappropriate words and make timely corresponding solutions. Will reduce the staff of the company, the company produces dissatisfaction and better complete responsibility he ought to do work. This company will reduce unnecessary trouble. Reduce processing trouble time, improve the efficiency of the management of the company and work efficiency. The effective management of employees will give the company reduce unnecessary losses, won't waste time on management staff. But in the time better use of how to improve the company's economic profits. Solved the employee in aspects of management, the company can decrease greatly some trivial management program. Regulators also will in the shortest possible time solving the staff's problems, allowing employees to the company's discontent and eliminating doubts. For his work on the company into better energy. Help company to get a maximum profit. So a company in staff management has a good management system of the company is own business interests do a good protection. Because they have a very good employee management system so they won't lead to employees of the company, will let staff thoroughly discontent in working to have a very good job security.。
SQAhnd商法导论Outcome1
Outcome11.Two main sources of Scots Law 苏格兰法律的两大主要来源A: Statutory Sources of law成文法法源Acts of Parliament议会立法: laws passed by the UK and Scottish parliament known as Acts Delegated Legislation授权立法: laws passed by bodies authorized by parliament European Union Law欧盟法:passed by the European UnionB: Common Law Sources非成文法法源:Judicial Precedent司法判例: the most influential of the common law sources, also known as Stare Decisis(遵循先例）.Custom习惯法: A custom is a practice which has been long and consistently recognized and so has acquired the force of law. Custom is now rarely a source of new law.Equity衡平法: basically means fairness or natural justice(自然公正).Institutional Writings法学著作: have less authority than legislation or judicial precedent. Institutional Writings is not as important as legislation or judicial precedent. Their main importance lies in the fact that they contributed to the orderly development of Scots law. 2.(a)What is meant by the doctrine of judicial precedent? 什么是司法先例原则？Judicial Precedent is the most influential of the common law sources, also known as Stare Decisis.If a legal dispute(争论) or any other legal situation occurs and there is no provision in any Act of Parliament or any piece of delegated legislation to cover it, then the judge dealing with the dispute must make a decision which he sees as fair and just. In such a situation therefore, the judge is actually making the law. He is creating a precedent and their decision will be followed in the future by other judges in similar cases. However, if legislation is passed later which is contrary to the judicial decision, and then the legislation that is passed later will overrule it. The operation of judicial precedent results in the creation of ‘case law’(判例法). A group of cases exist which have established a particular point of law.(b)Give an example of a judicial precedent.Sim was the boss of Montrose’s marketing department and his bar was advertised. Relevant turnover provided by Smith based on possession，Smith c ost £ 21600 to purcha se the company. For some time after Smith got the property，Smith stated that he believed that Sim was guilty of fraud and lied about twice the actual turnover on the basis of the turnover provided by possession. As it turns out, it's true.Smith may terminate the contract because Sim's misrepresentation resulted in a material error (related to the subject matter). He can also apply for jeopardize compensation because the statement is deceptive. He made a decision to continue the contract and claimed for £ 10000. The court of justice deemed that was equitable.3.(a)Which is the superior(上级) legislative body: the Westminster Parliament or Scottish Parliament?The superior legislative body: The Westminster Parliament(b)Explain your choice of answer in part (a) above.By the Act of Union in 1707, Scotland and England formed the kingdom of Great Britain, since then the Scottish parliament is not a complete, independent legislative body. It is an inferior body in comparison to the Westminster Parliament, from which the Scottish Parliament derives(起源) its authority to pass laws for Scotland. Westminster Parliament has the right tocancel the Scottish parliament on bill made by the legislation. Any legislation of the Scottish Parliament is considered to be secondary legislation not primary legislation.4.What is a statute(成文法)?The consists of laws known as statutes or Acts of Parliament passed by both the House of Commons(下议院) and House of Lords(上议院) and then given the Royal Assent(王室同意). All statutes are divided into sections, sub-sections, paragraphs and sub-paragraphs for easy reference. All Statutes start as “bills”(法案) which can be either Public Bills or Private Bills. five Acts of Parliament列举五项议会法案Abolition of the police and search warrant Sales Act 2001(Scotland)Abolition of the Dog Fouling (Scotland) Act 2003Animals (Scotland)Act 1987The Succession (Scotland)Act 1964The Divorce (Scotland)Act 19766.What are the main differences between civil and criminal law in Scotland?Civil law:Civil law is concerned with noncriminal disputes(非刑事纠纷) and situations, includingthe following:·The settlement of legal disputes between individuals and other bodies.(e.g. a divorce case、succession继承、issues)·The payment of compensation(补偿费) from one party to another for loss or injury.·The setting of procedures to govern financial and other matters. 制定管理财务和其他事项的程序(e.g. the legal procedures to be followed when buying or selling a house)Criminal law:Criminal law is primarily(主要地) used by the State as a means of maintaining law and order by punishing certain individuals who indulge in behavior which is regarded as criminal and antisocial. The State uses the criminal on behalf of the community or society.刑法主要被国家用来作为维护法律和秩序的手段，惩罚某些纵容犯罪和反社会行为的个人。
HND人力与组织管理outcome1
1.Analyze the relationship between organizational goals, objectives and policies andexplain their contribution to effective management in the Shangri-la Hotel case study.Organizational goal is the expected results of subjective vision, is formed in the mind of a subjective ideology.the goals include five parts followsCustomer goals focusing on customers’needs, benefits, services ,etc. For example people who live in the Shangri-la Hotel are need comfortable room, delicious food and excellent service.Product goals related to the range of products including quality, quantity and services on offer.For example Craig is convinced that using the freshest meat,vegetables and fruit from Gordon’s farm is essential.Operational goals covering areas like technology or machines used,staffing levels.Craig must make sure that all customers would be attended to within five minutes of being seated.Secondary goals subordinate to the above three goals and relating to environmental issue. At the end of each week, Craig always provided free drinks for the team to celebrate, and the team always enjoyed these get-togethers.Service goals is every employee should be a good professional quality and professional personal integrity, into every day to deal with customers do every thing, into the customer’s perception and recognition.The hotel want to customers feel pleasant in the hotel.Organizational objectives are more specific than goals and identify the specific path to be taken in order to achieve goals.It has to be SMART (specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time-bound) Specific: objective must be detailed and definite.Measurable: objective should be assess by concrete standards, includingAttainable: objective set by organization could be achievable and accessible.Realistic:objective should be built up in obedient with real capabilities and actual condition.Time-bound:objective are set on time and should be adapted to the condition change.In case, under control of Ailsa’s management , Shangri-la hotel became the first hotel in Glasgow to achieve the prestigious 5-star AA award.Organizational policies: these provide a framework of rules or guidance within which management and staff can make decisions.In the shangri-la Hotel, The fist rule is the reputation of the Shangri-la Hotel depended on high quality customer care, and it was important that all staff in the hotel were trained to the highest standards. The second is Craig also insisted that only Saskia and he should have the authority to sign for the meat and vegetable deliveries. The last one is the sales visits that Ailsamade meant she was often away from the hotel, so Antonio had authority to charge of the Hotel when she was absence.Relationship: Each policy will contribute to the achievement of objectives,every objectives are to promote the realization of goals.2.Identify the main difference between the formal organization and informal organization.Organization is a group of individuals operating together in a systematic way to achieve set of objectives.Formal organizations are set up to achieve goals and specific organizational objectives .Informal organization theorists have been aware that within the formal structure of the organization there will always be an informal group.Formal organization has planned responsibility, consistent functions and structure of authority and communication. In case,the hotel is a formal organization,because the hotel has professional manage. And all staff have their responsibility and tasks.Informal organization has loosely structured and fluctuating with its individual membership spontaneous.In case, the Hotel kitchen is an informal organization .Because they are independent individual. they haven’t specific system to control their thought and behavior. And the structure of authority and communication in the kitchen is not rigorous. they haven’t specific structure. they work together and sure the work.3.Explain the composition of the open System Theory and explain how it applies in the Shangri-la Hotel case study.The open System Theory is a conceptual framework, which investigate organization and its environmental relation. Open system have internal and external environment.SWOT belongs to internal environment,PEST belongs to external environment.SWOT analysis is a kind of enterprise internal analysis method. It includes strengths, weakness,opportunity and threat.Strengths are internal factor of organization.In case, Shangri-la hotel is a 3-star Michelin hotel, it is first 5-starAA in Glasgow.Weakness are internal factor of organization.In case, employees have complain about Craig.Opportunity is external factor of organization.In case, Shangri-la cooperation with Gordon. Gordon has the freshest meat,vegetables and fruit.Threat is external factor of organization.In case,recently,the three main large companies of Shangri-la hotel into closure.PEST analysis refers to the analysis of the macro environment.It includes polities,economic,society and technology.Political factor includes political system ,the political situation, the government’s attitude.In case, Economic factor includes GDP,market mechanism,market demand,etc. In case,Alica obtained the funding from Scottish Enterprise.Social factor is that general conditions of whole social development in a certain period,mainly includes social morality ,and cultural traditions, the population change trend. In case, Craig and Ailsa both believed in supporting local business, and always used local banks, financial advisors and lawyers to support their business.Technological FactorsRefers to the total level and change trend of social technology, technical change, technological breakthroughs to the enterprise, and the technology of the interaction between the political, economic and social environment. In case,hotel need more advanced product to attract customers.4.Identify different stakeholders in the case study and explain their influence and interest.Stakeholder Theory is a around the enterprise and the social value as the center of business ethics and organizational management theory.Stakeholder includes nine roles . this role has twoparts,external stakeholders and internal stakeholders.External stakeholders in clude customers, supplies,society,Government ,creditors and shareholders. Internal stakeholders include Directors and managers,employees, owners.External stakeholdersShareholders is institutions and individuals who own a stake in a company.Craig and Ailsa. they have discretion to determine the profitability of the company. shareholder will be interested in return on their investment and possibly the long-term growth and developmentof the hotel.The influence of shareholder have right of decide strategy. right to vote, right to election of directors.Customer who buy the products or services. People who live in the Shangri-la hotel and choose Shangri-la hotel in the future.they spend money in hotel and bring benefit for Hotel. The interest of customer want to have more quality service. The influence of customer is if they do not accept this Hotel, they can chose the other hotels. So customer have great influence in the hotelSupplies who provide raw materials and services.The Gordon’s farm and Scottish Enterprise. Farm supply products for Shangri-la Hotel, Scottish Enterprise offer fund to Shangri-la hotel.The supplies interest is Shangri-la Hotel provides a source of revenue for the supplier. The influence of supplies is they want to ensure that the hotel will be important to pay for the goods.Internal stakeholdersDirectors and managers: those who lead organizations. Craig and Ailsa. they have authority to make decisions directly. The interest of directors and managers make hotel become more and more successful under the control of them. The influence of directors and managers is they make decision, these decision will decide the development of the hotel.Employee who work for an organization. For example Saskia, Antonio and staff who work in the Shangri-la hotel. The kitchen staff were well paid,but the atmosphere could be very tense.The interest of employee achieve salary. The influence of employee have development of working conditions and quality of service and they can provide service for customers to make benefits for hotel.5.Recommend an effective control strategy that applies to the Shangri-la Hotel case study and justify its suitability.Strategy control mainly refers to the implementation of enterprise business strategy.check the enterprise strategy. evaluation of enterprise performance, and the established strategic objectives and performance standards,to find a strategic gap, to analyze the causes of deviation, to correct the deviation, so that the implementation of enterprise strategy better with the current internal and external environment,enterprise goals , so that the enterprise strategy is achieved.Effective include personal centralized control,, bureauctric control,output control, cultural control.personal centralized control: It takes centralized decision. It emphasis direct supervision and personal leadership founded upon ownership, charisma, or technical expertise. It user reward and punishment to reinforce conformity to personal authority .Bureaucracy control: Bureaucracy is an organization structure with many levels of authority and a rigid hierarchy, regulated by an organization structure with many levels of authority and a rigid hierarchy, regulated by set rules and procedures held together by a central administration. Problemsof bureaucracy control gave detailed rules and procedures, power from top to the bottom,emphasize the work schedule , pay attention to the extra rewards and don not believe in team work.Output control: Financial measure of performance. problem with output control is managers must create output standards that motivation at all levels. They must be careful not to create short-term goals that motivate managers to ignores the future, And if standard are set too high, works may engage unethical behaviors to attain them.Culture control: The set of internalized value, norms,standards of behavior, and common expectations that control the ways in which individuals and groups in an organization interact with each other and work to achieve organization goals.he Craig’s behavior displayed the personal centralized control,because when the waiting stuff offered suggestions on how to deal with customers’ problems,Craig always rejected them and proclaim’ this is my kitchen,we run it my way.’which reflect Craig as the manager in this hotel,take centralized decisions and ignore other employees opinions.。
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This report aims to explain the company law which is about setting up a company. Indeed, the report will primarily describe the contents of the constitutional documents of a company before illustrating the formal process for company registration. The report will then explain the meaning and characteristic of separate legal personality. Finally, the different forms of corporate body will also be discussed and compared.When set up a company, the investors must comply with all kinds of formalities. They should create and file the Memorandum of Association at first. The Memorandum of Association is one of the two most important documents to be lodged with the Registrar of Companies. It is often referred to as the company's external constitution, which details the relationship between the company and the world outside it.This document should include:1) T he name of the company should be registered at the Companies House2) T he registered office address of the company3) T he purpose of registered company (including what is company's business scope, how to set up the company's purpose, what is the company purpose)4) The statement of limited liability (it should include the details of available share, including number and type)5) If the company is registered as a public company, the sub-clause must be stated that company is a public companyMoreover, it is possible for the company to have some other clauses in their memorandum is they want. The purpose of the clauses of memorandum is to ensure it difficult to change.In addition the company should also create and file the Articles of Association. The Articles of Association and Memorandum of Association must be submitted to the registrar of Companies House. In general, the Articles of Association can be seemed as the internal constitution. It covers three main areas and establishes the rules for the company, which includes:1)The company’s shares (1. The different types of shares and the right attached to each. 2.How the shares are transferred to new owners and the paperwork involved)2)The company’s meeting3)Directors and their powersIn general, the Articles of Association and Memorandum of Association are together from the Company Constitution. Any articles which are contrary to public policy are considered as illegal and invalid. All of the above documents must be submitted to the registrar of Companies House. Once the Registrar at Companies House are checked all the documents, the company will be formally registered and a certificate of incorporation will be issued to the registered office address. It means the company has already complied with the law and can start trading. The whole process usually takes as little as five days.The nature of a company in the law is that it has a separate legal personality. The legal doctrine of incorporation means that a company is a legal person, who in its own right and exists separately from its shareholders. Indeed, the company owns property and assist in its own right. This is like a veil being drawn between those dealing with the company and its member.Take Salomon v Salomon & Co Ltd. as an example. Salomon set up a company and allotted on share to the members of his family. The majority of the shares he registered for himself. He then sold his shares to the company. When the company bankrupt, debtors could not claim their money from Salomon as he was deemed entirely separate form the company.There are some advantages of separate legal personality. Firstly, the board of management is separate from the owner of the company. It means the investors need not to participate in the operation of the company. Secondly, the owners of the company have limited responsibility for the debts. They only stand to lose the amount they have invested in the business to date.Finally, there are some differences between private limited company and public limited company. The main difference is that the shares of public limited company are available for public to buy. The public limited companies can offer shares to the public through stock exchange market. Company law 1985 Section81 regulates that, if a private company sold shares and corporate bonds public, it has violated a criminal offence. A public company's capital requirement is the lowest shares for 50000 pounds, 25% of which must be paid, such as have been proposed to issue shares. It is easier for public company to raise capital in this way.The name of the company must show it is a Public company or private company. Plc is public limited liability company. Ltd or limited refers to private companies. A private company does not need to state the type of the company in its Memorandum. A public company's secretary needs to have relevant legal representative qualification. But private companies don’t need this requirement. Listed companies must have at least two members and two directors. Private companies can be only one member and one director.再把书上P28页第二段加进来（public companies must。