复合句的讲解

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复合句的讲解：

一．概念：复合句（Complex Sentence）分为并列复合句和从属复合句，并列复合句是有并列连词：and、or、but连接；从属复合句由一个主句（Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。用疑问词作引导词，主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词（connective）引导。

二，分类：从属复合句可分为：

1).定语从句（The Attributive Clause）；

2).状语从句（The Adverbial Clause）；

3).名词性从句（The Noun Clause）；

2．定语从句的定义：定语从句在句中作定语，用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词。

2.2先行词和引导词被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词；

在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词。

引导词分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”。

2.3关系代词和关系副词

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。

关系副词有：when, where, why。注意：关系副词里面没有how。

如果要修饰方式，用that或in which引导，或者不用引导词。

I don’t like the way (that, in which) he eyed me. 我不喜欢他看我的那个样子。

关系代词：who

关系代词who在从句中主要作主语，在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的宾语。

He is the man who wants to see you.

2.5关系代词：whom

He is the man （whom）I saw in the park yesterday. （whom在从句中作宾语）

2.6关系代词：whose

whose 用来指人或物，（只能用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。

Please pass me the book whose cover is green. （of which the cover/the cover of which）

2.7关系代词：which（1）

which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时在非正式语体中可以省略。

They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.

The farm (which)we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing.

2.8关系代词：which（2）

当在which和that面前进行选择的情况下，一般情况下要选which：

1.在非限制性定语从句中通常用which作引导词，而不能用that做非限制性定语从句的引导词。

2. 修饰整个主句。

I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity.

3. 修饰谓语部分。

He can swim in the river, which I cannot.

4. 介词+ which They are all questions to which there are no answers.

2.9关系代词：that（1）

that多用来指物，有时也可以用来指人；在从句中作主语或宾语。指物的时候多用that，也可用which。

It’s a question that(which)needs careful consideration. （指物，作主语。）

Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree? （指人，作主语。）

The girl (that)we saw yesterday is Tom’s sister. （指人，作宾语，可省略。）

2.10关系代词：that（2）

在以下的情况中，只能用that作引导词，而不能用which作引导词。

1. 先行词为all , everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代词时。

All(that)she lacked was training.

2. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

This is the best film that I have ever seen.

3. 先行词被序数词和the last修饰时

4. 先行词中既有人又有物时They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited。

5. 主句是含有who或which的特殊疑问句，为了避免重复时

3状语从句

3.1地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。

如：Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.

3.2方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。

如Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。

As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。（"正如…"，"就像"，）

He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。

He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。

（as if, as though"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，）

3.3原因状语从句

比较：because, since, as和for

1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或since。

I didn't go, because I was afraid.

Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原