成本与管理会计 亨格瑞 第13版 英文版 CA17
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Step 1:Summarize the flow of physical units of output.
Step 2:Compute output in terms of equivalent units.
Step 3:Summarize total costs to account for. Step 4:Compute cost per equivalent unit.
6
2013-8-8
Process Costing
Process costing is a system where the unit cost of a product
or service is obtained by assigning total costs to many identical or similar units Each unit receives the same or similar amounts of direct materials costs, direct labor costs, and manufacturing overhead Unit costs are computed by dividing total costs incurred by the number of units of output from the production process
2
2013-8-8
Learning Objective 1
Identify the situations in which process-costing systems are appropriate
3
2013-8-8
Job-Costing and Process Costing: Opposite Ends of a Continuum
8
2013-8-8
Process-Costing Assumptions
9
2013-8-8
Objective 2
Describe the five steps in process costing
10
2013-8-8
Five-Step Process-Costing Allocation The five-step procedure to calculate the cost of fully assembled units during the month as well as the cost of partially completed units at the end of the period are:
18
2013-8-8
Case 2:process costing with zero beginning but some ending work-in-process inventory
P480(606)
19
2013-8-8
P479(605)
Case 2:process costing with zero beginning but some ending work-in-process inventory
7
2013-8-8
Process-Costing Assumptions
Direct Materials are added at the beginning of the
来自百度文库
production process, or at the start of work in a subsequent department down the assembly line Conversion Costs are added equally along the production process
5
2013-8-8
Job-Costing and Process Costing: Opposite Ends of a Continuum
In a process-costing system, the unit cost is determined by
assigning total costs to many identical or similar units. Total costs are divided by the number of units produced to arrive at the unit cost. The main difference in the two systems is the extent of averaging used to compute unit costs of products or services. Process costing uses broad averages to determine an average production cost for all units produced.
Equivalent Units physicalunits degree of completion
2013-8-8
17
Case 2:process costing with zero beginning but some ending work-in-process inventory
Job-Costing Systems Distinct, identifiable units of a product or service Examples: Custom-made machines, Houses
4
Process-Costing Systems
Masses of identical or similar units of a product or service Examples: Food, Chemical processing
Step 3 : total cos ts cos ts in biginning cos ts added in current direct material 0 32000 32000 conversioncos ts 0 18600 18600 Step 4 : cos t per equivalentunit 0 32000 80 175 100 % 225 100 % 0 18600 conversioncos ts : 60 175 100 % 225 60 % Step 5 : assignmentof cos ts direct material : completed and transferred out : 175 (80 60 ) 24500 work in process, ending : 225 100 % 80 225 60 % 60 26100
Takes the quantity of each input in units completed and in unfinished units of work in process and converts the quantity of input into the amount of completed output units that could be produced with that quantity of input Are calculated separately for each input (direct materials and conversion cost)
12
2013-8-8
Case 1: process costing with zero beginning and zero
ending work in process inventory
(3) cos t per unit 32000 direct material cos ts added per unit : 80 400 0 24000 conversion cos ts added per unit : 60 400 0 assembly department cos t added per unit :80 60 140
Step 1 : physical unit completed and transferred out : 175 work in process, ending : 225 Step 2 : equivalentunits completed and transferred out : 175 100 % 175 work in process, ending : 225 100 % 225 , for direct materials work in process, ending : 225 60 % 135 , for conversioncos ts
P477（603）
(1) physical unit work in process, beginning : 0 units started : 400units completed and transferred : 400 units work in process, ending : 0 units (2) total cos ts direct material cos ts added : 32000 conversion cos ts added : 24000 total assembly department cos ts added : 56000
CHAPTER 17
Process Costing
1
2013-8-8
Learning objectives
Identify the situations in which process-costing systems are
appropriate Describe the five steps in process costing Calculate equivalent units and understand how to use them Use the weighted-average method of process costing Use the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method of process costing Incorporate standard costs into process-costing systems Apply process-costing methods to situations with transferred-in costs
2013-8-8
Job-Costing and Process Costing: Opposite Ends of a Continuum
A job-costing system is best suited to operations that have distinct, identifiable units of a product, such as custom-made jewelry. A process-costing system works best in an environment in which masses of identical or similar units are produced, such as food processing.
P478（603）
15
2013-8-8
Learning Objective 3
Calculate equivalent units and understand how to use them
16
2013-8-8
Equivalent Units
A derived amount of output units that:
Step 5:Assign total costs to units completed and to units in ending work
in process.
11
2013-8-8
Case 1: process costing with zero beginning and zero
ending work-in-process inventory
13
2013-8-8
Case 2:process costing with zero beginning but some ending work-in-process inventory
14
2013-8-8
Case 2:process costing with zero beginning but some ending work-in-process inventory
Step 2:Compute output in terms of equivalent units.
Step 3:Summarize total costs to account for. Step 4:Compute cost per equivalent unit.
6
2013-8-8
Process Costing
Process costing is a system where the unit cost of a product
or service is obtained by assigning total costs to many identical or similar units Each unit receives the same or similar amounts of direct materials costs, direct labor costs, and manufacturing overhead Unit costs are computed by dividing total costs incurred by the number of units of output from the production process
2
2013-8-8
Learning Objective 1
Identify the situations in which process-costing systems are appropriate
3
2013-8-8
Job-Costing and Process Costing: Opposite Ends of a Continuum
8
2013-8-8
Process-Costing Assumptions
9
2013-8-8
Objective 2
Describe the five steps in process costing
10
2013-8-8
Five-Step Process-Costing Allocation The five-step procedure to calculate the cost of fully assembled units during the month as well as the cost of partially completed units at the end of the period are:
18
2013-8-8
Case 2:process costing with zero beginning but some ending work-in-process inventory
P480(606)
19
2013-8-8
P479(605)
Case 2:process costing with zero beginning but some ending work-in-process inventory
7
2013-8-8
Process-Costing Assumptions
Direct Materials are added at the beginning of the
来自百度文库
production process, or at the start of work in a subsequent department down the assembly line Conversion Costs are added equally along the production process
5
2013-8-8
Job-Costing and Process Costing: Opposite Ends of a Continuum
In a process-costing system, the unit cost is determined by
assigning total costs to many identical or similar units. Total costs are divided by the number of units produced to arrive at the unit cost. The main difference in the two systems is the extent of averaging used to compute unit costs of products or services. Process costing uses broad averages to determine an average production cost for all units produced.
Equivalent Units physicalunits degree of completion
2013-8-8
17
Case 2:process costing with zero beginning but some ending work-in-process inventory
Job-Costing Systems Distinct, identifiable units of a product or service Examples: Custom-made machines, Houses
4
Process-Costing Systems
Masses of identical or similar units of a product or service Examples: Food, Chemical processing
Step 3 : total cos ts cos ts in biginning cos ts added in current direct material 0 32000 32000 conversioncos ts 0 18600 18600 Step 4 : cos t per equivalentunit 0 32000 80 175 100 % 225 100 % 0 18600 conversioncos ts : 60 175 100 % 225 60 % Step 5 : assignmentof cos ts direct material : completed and transferred out : 175 (80 60 ) 24500 work in process, ending : 225 100 % 80 225 60 % 60 26100
Takes the quantity of each input in units completed and in unfinished units of work in process and converts the quantity of input into the amount of completed output units that could be produced with that quantity of input Are calculated separately for each input (direct materials and conversion cost)
12
2013-8-8
Case 1: process costing with zero beginning and zero
ending work in process inventory
(3) cos t per unit 32000 direct material cos ts added per unit : 80 400 0 24000 conversion cos ts added per unit : 60 400 0 assembly department cos t added per unit :80 60 140
Step 1 : physical unit completed and transferred out : 175 work in process, ending : 225 Step 2 : equivalentunits completed and transferred out : 175 100 % 175 work in process, ending : 225 100 % 225 , for direct materials work in process, ending : 225 60 % 135 , for conversioncos ts
P477（603）
(1) physical unit work in process, beginning : 0 units started : 400units completed and transferred : 400 units work in process, ending : 0 units (2) total cos ts direct material cos ts added : 32000 conversion cos ts added : 24000 total assembly department cos ts added : 56000
CHAPTER 17
Process Costing
1
2013-8-8
Learning objectives
Identify the situations in which process-costing systems are
appropriate Describe the five steps in process costing Calculate equivalent units and understand how to use them Use the weighted-average method of process costing Use the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method of process costing Incorporate standard costs into process-costing systems Apply process-costing methods to situations with transferred-in costs
2013-8-8
Job-Costing and Process Costing: Opposite Ends of a Continuum
A job-costing system is best suited to operations that have distinct, identifiable units of a product, such as custom-made jewelry. A process-costing system works best in an environment in which masses of identical or similar units are produced, such as food processing.
P478（603）
15
2013-8-8
Learning Objective 3
Calculate equivalent units and understand how to use them
16
2013-8-8
Equivalent Units
A derived amount of output units that:
Step 5:Assign total costs to units completed and to units in ending work
in process.
11
2013-8-8
Case 1: process costing with zero beginning and zero
ending work-in-process inventory
13
2013-8-8
Case 2:process costing with zero beginning but some ending work-in-process inventory
14
2013-8-8
Case 2:process costing with zero beginning but some ending work-in-process inventory