初中英语句子成分和五大基本句型

I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.
He is writing with a pen.
I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
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定语
• 定语用来修饰名词或代词．形容词，代词，数 词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词 ，从句都可以充当定语．
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(五) 挑出下列句中的状语 ① There was a big smile on her face. ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. ③ He began to learn English when he was eleven. ④ The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.
表语
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副词：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等的词，
以说明动作性质或状态。
We should get up early in the morning.
The movie is very interesting.
Tom often goes to school by bike.
状语
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2、The teacher got very angry. 表语
3、The boy told me his story. 间语+直宾 4、We elected him our monitor. 宾语+宾补 5、The sun keeps us warm. 宾语+宾补 6、I told him to open the window. 宾语+宾补
them，everything
主，宾，表
good，interesting
定，表
almost ，bravely
状
nine， first
定，表
and ，but，because, that, 不做成分
while
near， from, in, on, at
不做成分
a， an， the
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
不作成分
hello ，oh, well
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三、同位语：
同位语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位 置时，一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子 成分，这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。 We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学 生’） Li Lei, my brother, came to see me today. (my brother是Li Lei的同位语）
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系动词 The food smells good. The girl is beautiful. The apple looks red. The leaves become yellow.
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代词：代替名词的词
We are students of class 16.
主语
Tom gives me an apple.
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(二) 挑出下列句中的表语 -- The old man was feeling very tired. -- The leaves have turned yellow. -- He is a teacher while his little brother is still a junior middle school student.
词类（parts of speech）
• 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词，根据 词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的 分类叫词类(parts of speech)。
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英语词类
• 十大词类
实词（6）：名词 动词 代词 形容词
副词 数词
词 连词 感叹词
虚词（4）：冠词 介
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7、We watched the train leaving the
station. 宾语+宾补
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8. I think it difficult to finish the work
this morning. 宾语+宾补
主语
9. There seems little hopes of success.
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数词
基数词：one, two, three..... 序数词：first, second, third
I have one book.
定语
She is the first in the class.
表语
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句子成分
和
基本句型
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什么是句子？
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第
She likes to go to shop this afternoon.
18I／9t／h15ink that he is good boy. 19
宾语补足语
• 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思， 还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思 ．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用．
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(三) 挑出下列句中的定语 1. What is your given name? 2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. 3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 4. A beautiful girl is running to us. 5. The boy in the clssroom is crying.
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表语：
• 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词， 形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面．
I am a teacher.
She feels happy.
Everybody is here.
They are at home now.
He went mad.
• 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现 在分词和过去分词充当． • If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
• Leave the door open.
•We found John out when we arrived.
• Make yourself at home.
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(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 ② He asked her to study hard. ③ She found it difficult to do the work. ④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
宾语
Who is there? -- It is me.
表语
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形容词：表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词
This is a red apple.
定语
She told us something interesting.
后置定语
The sun was hot yesterday.
表语
Lucy is tall in her class.
不作成分
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名词：表示某类人，事物，某种物质或抽象概念的名称
• 在句子中作主语，宾语或表语 • The bags are on the desk.
主语
• I like apples.
宾语
• This is a gook book.
表语
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动词：表示动作或状态的词汇
实义动词 系动词
及物动词 不及物动词
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谓语：
• 谓语说明主语做什么，以什么状态 或特征存在，由简单动词或者动词 短语构成．
They are teachers.
She looks well.
He studies hard.
He laughed at his classmates.
He can speak English.
10、To our joy, they arrived safe. 状语
• The black bike is mine.
• What’s your name?
• I have 5 books.
•A sleeping boy is sleeping.
• They made paper flowers.
• The boy in the room is Jack.
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词类 1. 名词 2. 动词 3. 代词 4. 形容词 5. 副词 6. 数词 7. 连词
缩写 n. v. pron. adj adv. num. conj.
8. 介词
prep.
9. 冠词
art.
10. 感叹词 interj.
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例词
用法
John， room
主，宾，表
stand ，be
谓
read teach like
rise work go
be动词：am/is/are was/were 感官动词：feel ,smell, taste, look,sound 变化动词：become, get, turn,grow
助动词 情态动词 18／9／15
be,do, does,did, have, has, had
•I heard my name called.
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状语
• 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发 生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词
，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当 ，也可由从句来充当．
He did it carefully.
He studied very hard.
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• １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全 句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，
代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当 ．它的位置一般在句首．
The girl is pretty.
Reading is useful.
To see is to believe.
They are good friends.
must, can, could, shall, should...... 5
实义动词
及物动词 He is reading a book. Mr. Green teaches us English.
不及物动词 The sun rises in the east. He works hard.
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一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！
I am a teacher.
Are you a student?
How beautiful the girl is !
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句子包括哪些成分？
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种， 即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补 语。英语的基本成分有八种：主语 （subject）、谓语（predicate）、表 语（predicative）、宾语（object）、 定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 、 补语（complement）、同位语。
Seeing is believing.
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宾语
• 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短 语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动 词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．
She plays the piano.
He often helps me.
I like watching TV.
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⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. ⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
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句子成份练习
1、You should study hard. 状语
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一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasn't done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English. ④ How many new words did you learn last class? ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? ⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.