粘度的不同分类及其测试方法(牛顿流体和非牛顿流体)

CHAPTER 3 ............................................................ 9 3.1 Why You Should Read This Chapter .......... 9 3.2 How the Brookfield Viscometer Works ....... 9 3.3 Spring Torque ........................................... 10 3.4 Viscosity Measurement Techniques ......... 10 3.4.1 Record Keeping .............................. 10 3.4.2 The Spindle and the Guardleg ........ 10 3.4.3 Selecting a Spindle Speed .............. 10 3.4.4 Sample Container Size .................... 11 3.4.5 Sample Conditions ........................... 11 3.4.6 Spindle Immersion ........................... 11 3.4.7 Sensitivity and Accuracy .................. 11 3.4.8 Obtaining a Viscometer Reading ..... 11 3.4.9 A Calibration Check ......................... 12 3.4.10 Recalibrating the Brookfield Viscometer ............................................... 12 3.5 Viscometer Maintenance .......................... 13 3.6 Viscometer Troubleshooting ..................... 14
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CHAPTER 2 ............................................................ 3 2.1 Equipment for Specific Situations ............... 3 2.2 Viscometers ................................................ 3 2.3 Rheometers ................................................ 3 2.4 Spindle Geometries .................................... 4 2.4.1 Disc Spindles .................................... 4 2.4.2 Cylindrical Spindles ........................... 4 2.4.3 Coaxial Cylinders .............................. 4 2.4.4 Cone/Plate Geometry ........................ 4 2.4.5 T-Bar Spindles ................................... 4 2.4.6 Vane Spindles ................................... 5 2.5 Temperature Control ................................... 5 2.5.1 Temperature Baths ............................ 5 2.5.2 Thermosel System ............................ 5 2.5.3 Peltier (Thermo-electric Systems) ..... 5 2.6 Small Sample Volume ................................ 5 2.6.1 Small Sample Adapter ....................... 5 2.6.2 UL Adapter ........................................ 5 2.6.3 DIN Adapter ....................................... 5 2.6.4 Thermosel System ............................ 5 2.6.5 Cone/Plate Systems .......................... 5 2.7 Low Viscosity .............................................. 5 2.7.1 UL Adapter ........................................ 6 2.7.2 Small Sample Adapter ....................... 6 2.7.3 Thermosel System ............................ 6 2.7.4 Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Viscometer ............................................................. 6 2.8 High Temperature ....................................... 6 2.8.1 Thermosel System ............................ 6 2.8.2 Temperature Baths ............................ 6 2.8.3 Cone/Plate with Embedded Heating .................................... 6 2.9 Defined Shear Rate .................................... 6 2.10 High Shear Rate ....................................... 7 2.10.1 Wells-Brookfield Cone/Plate Viscometer/Rheometer .......................................... 7 2.10.2 CAP Viscometer/Rheometer ........... 7 2.10.3 R/S Rheometer ............................... 7 2.10.4 PVS Rheometer .............................. 7
CHAPTER 4 .......................................................... 14 4.1 Coming to Grips with Rheology ................ 14 4.2 Viscosity .................................................... 14 4.3 Newtonian Fluids ...................................... 15 4.4 Non-Newtonian Fluids .............................. 15 4.5 Thixotropy and Rheopexy ......................... 16 4.6 Laminar and Turbulent Flow ..................... 17 4.7 Yield Behavior ........................................... 17 4.8 What Affects the Rheological Property? ... 18 4.8.1 Temperature .................................... 18 4.8.2 Shear Rate ...................................... 18 4.8.3 Measuring Conditions ..................... 19 4.8.4 Time ................................................ 19 4.8.5 Pressure .......................................... 19 4.8.6 Previous History .............................. 20 4.8.7 Composition and Additives .............. 20 4.8.8 Special Characteristics of Dispersions and Emulsions .......................................... 20
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OLUTIONS Biblioteka BaiduO TICKY PROBLEMS
A Guide to Getting More From Your Brookfield Viscometer
• Making Rheological Measurements • Equipment for Specific Situations • How the Brookfield Viscometer Works • Viscosity Measurement Techniques • Newtonian and non-Newtonian Fluids • Temperature Dependence of Viscosity
and much more!
Brookfield
MORE SOLUTIONS TO STICKY PROBLEMS: TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1 ........................................................... 1.1 Why Make Rheological Measurements? .... 1.2 Thinking Rheo-Logically ............................. 1.3 Three Schools of Thought on Viscosity Measurement ............................................. 1.3.1 The Pragmatic School ....................... 1.3.2 The Theoretical School ..................... 1.3.3 The Academic School ....................... 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
2.11 Defined Shear Stress ................................ 2.12 Non-Flowing Sample Materials ................. 2.12.1 Helipath Stand ................................. 2.12.2 Spiral Adapter .................................. 2.12.3 Vane Spindles ................................. 2.13 Special Accessory Items ........................... 2.13.1 Quick Connect ................................. 2.13.2 Spindle Extensions .......................... 2.14 Fumes and Hazardous Locations ............. 2.14.1 Purge Fittings .................................. 2.14.2 Explosion-Proof Construction .......... 2.15 Process Control ........................................