2020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案(2).doc
2020年考研英语二阅读
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The Journey of Mastering the 2020Postgraduate Entrance Exam EnglishReadingThe year 2020 marked a significant milestone for millions of aspiring students across China as they embarked on the challenging journey of preparing for the Postgraduate Entrance Exam, specifically the English Reading section. This section, known for its depth and breadth of content, requires not just a strong vocabulary and grammatical skills but also a keen understanding of the nuances of the language. For many, it represents a test of not just their English proficiency but also their perseverance and dedication.The road to mastering the English Reading section of the 2020 Postgraduate Entrance Exam was not an easy one. It required a meticulous planning of study schedules, meticulous note-taking, and regular practice sessions. The key, however, lay in understanding the structure and format of the exam, which included various reading comprehension passages, vocabulary-based questions, and sentence correction exercises.One of the most crucial aspects of preparing for this section was developing a strong vocabulary. This meant not just memorizing words but also understanding their contextual meanings and how they fit into the larger narrative. Regular practice with past exam papers and sample questions helped students familiarize themselves with the range of vocabulary and sentence structures that could be expected in the exam.Moreover, the importance of reading comprehensionskills cannot be overstated. Comprehending the main ideas, arguments, and examples presented in the passages was crucial for answering the subsequent questions accurately. This required not just a thorough understanding of the English language but also an ability to analyze and interpret text critically.Practicing regularly with mock tests and sample papers was also integral to success. This not only helped students familiarize themselves with the exam format but also gave them a realistic assessment of their progress. It also allowed them to identify their weak areas and work on them specifically.In addition to this, seeking help and guidance from teachers and mentors was invaluable. They provided insights into the exam pattern, tips for effective study methods, and encouragement during the tough times. The support and encouragement received from family and friends also played a significant role in keeping the students motivated and focused.However, the most important aspect of this entire journey was the students' own perseverance and dedication. They needed to stay focused, maintain a positive mindset, and push themselves to the limit. It was only through their hard work and perseverance that they could hope to achieve their desired results.In conclusion, mastering the English Reading section of the 2020 Postgraduate Entrance Exam required a combination of hard work, smart study habits, and perseverance. By developing a strong vocabulary, enhancing their reading comprehension skills, and regularly practicing with mock tests, students could hope to ace this challenging section and move closer to their dream of pursuing postgraduate studies. The journey, although arduous, was undoubtedlyrewarding and would undoubtedly shape their future学术追求和个人成长。
2020考研英语二答案(完整版)
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2020考研英语二答案(完整版)完型填空参考答案:C 1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] whenB 2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusionD 3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessaryC 4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realismD 5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] changeB 6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumedA 7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] OftenD 8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquarteredA 9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasizeB 10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methodsA 11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliableC 12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] brokeA 13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compareD 14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious[D]experiencedA 15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] neverD 16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equallyC 17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] SinceC 18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikesA 19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] shareB 20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out阅读参考答案:新题型参考答案:Directions:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C]Express your emotions[D]Don't overthink it[E]Be easily pleased[F]Notice things[G]Ask for helpAs adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often with mixed results.Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy.instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively,and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.41._______C_______What does a child do when he's sad?He cries.When he's angry?He shouts.Scared?Probably a bit of both.As we growup,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.that's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately,and then-again.like children-move.42.______E_______A couple of Christmases ago,my youngest stepdaughter,who was nine years old at the time ,got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas.It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed,and couldn't stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels.instead,being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43._________A_____________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh?If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling,we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies increase good hormones like endorphins,improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off enfection.All of which,of course,have a positive effect on happiness levels.44.________B___________The problem with being a grown up is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with-work,mortgage payments,figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might besocial,sporting,creative or completely random(dancing aroud the living room,anyone?)--it doesn't matter,so long asthey're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.45.________D___________Having said all of the above,it's important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy.Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:"Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness."And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by product of the way they live.翻译参考答案:【考点解析】be designed to do sth 旨在做某事The longer...the more... 越......越.....According to......根据....some 大约the volume of 大量的......Information overload 过于繁杂的信息struggle to do sth 努力做某事rationally selective 理性地实行选择Instead began shopping emotionally 而不是冲动的去购物【参考译文】超市旨在吸引顾客在店里停留尽量长的时间。
2020考研英语真题模拟试卷阅读篇
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2020考研英语真题模拟试卷阅读篇留给我们的复习时间不多了,俗话说实践见真章,诸位考生,2020考研英语真题试卷模拟卷你做过了吗?文都考研现在给大家带来了模拟卷的阅读题,大家先试着做一做,相关答案与解析我们稍后放出。
接下来的时间,咱们一起努力!ヾ(◍°∇°◍)ノ゙2020考研英语真题模拟试卷阅读篇As Gilbert White,Darwin,and others observed long ago,all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation. The task for ecologists is to untangle the environmental and biological factors that hold this intrinsic capacity for population growth in check over the long run. The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibited by different population makes this task more difficult:some populations remain roughly constant from year to year others exhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity still others vary wildly,with outbreaks and crashes that are in some cases plainly correlated with the weather,and in other cases not.To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns,one school of thought proposes dividing populations into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steady populations havedensity-dependent growth parameters that is,rates of birth,death,and migration which depend strongly on population density. The highly varying populations have density-independent growth parameters,with vital rates buffeted by environmental events these rates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of population density.This dichotomy has its uses,but it can cause problems if taken too literally. For one thing,no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time. No matter how severely or unpredictably birth,death,and migration rates may be fluctuating around their long-term averages,if there were no density-dependent effects,the population would,in the long run,either increase or decrease without bound (barring a miracle by which gains and losses canceled exactly)。
2020-考研英语(二)冲刺测试卷-答案与解析
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2018 考研英语(二)冲刺测试卷答案与解析一.完形填空答案:1-5 CACBA 6-10 DBDDA11-15 CBADA 16-20 BBAAC这是一篇论述美国企业的人力资源管理的社科类议论文。
文章的首句首先提出了一个鲜明的问题——If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem.(如果可持续的竞争优势依赖于员工的技能的话,美国的企业是有问题的。
)这一点就是此篇议论文的核心观点,其实也就是本文的主题。
把握了这个主题,就不难了解文章后面的分述部分一定是围绕着对美国企业不重视员工、轻视人力资源管理问题展开的深入探讨和批评,即主线决定全文。
分析分述部分可以看出,分述部分确实是在集中、深入地描写和批评美国企业不重视员工、轻视人力资源管理的现象以及由此造成的问题,是紧紧围绕着主线展开的。
答案详解:1.C本填空考查形容词,此形容词的作用很重要,是对Human resource management酌直接定位,四个选项的意思也是大相径庭,选项A) necessary为“必要的”,选项B) dispensable表示“非必要的、可有可无的”,而选项C) central表示“核心的、处于中心位置的”,D)understandable表示“可以理解的”;要准确定位出本填空的最佳形容词,首先涉及对整个文章主线倾向的把握,即本填空是一个利用同现结构法可以定位的答案。
很显然,文章的首句已经概括了本文的主线观点和倾向,即“美国企业轻视员工和人力资源是错误的”:把握了这一点,本填空所在的原文句子讲述的是:Human resource management is not traditionally seen as __1__to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States.这样四个选项中的最佳选项是最能说明“人力资源管理重要”的形容词,并且文章下一段的首句实际也提示出了本题的答案。
2020 模拟英语二卷阅读理解A.B
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AMy Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres,Miss Trunchbull,are equally fumy and frightening,but they're also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIt’s about two sisters-Eri,a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping,and Mari, a young student . In trying to connectto her sister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse ”night people” who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FynnThere was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyableThe StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.21. Who does "I" refer to in the text?A. Stephen King.B. Gillian Flynn.C. Jo Usmar.D. Roald Dahl22. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?A. Cosmopolitan.B. Matilda.C. After Dark.D. The Stand.23. What kind of book is Gone Girl?)A.A folk tale.B.A biography.C.A love story.D.A horror story.B“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers,then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request(请求) for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.I guess that there's probably some demanding(需要) work schedule, or social anxiety (社会的焦虑)around (about)stepping(步骤) up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading(persuade劝说). So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent(单亲家长) with four kids (孩子)running the show and I talk about the dad (father 爸爸) coaching (catch抓/coach 教练)a team (队)that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member ofthe team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社区)as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?24.What can we infer(推断) about the parent from her reply (回复) in paragraph(段落) l?A. She knows little(几乎不知道) about the club.B. She isn't good at sports.C. She just doesn't want to volunteer(志愿者).D. She's unable(不能) to meet her schedule(日常安排).25.What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean ?A. Encourage teamwork (鼓励团队精神).B. Appeal to feeling.(引起感觉感情)C. Promote good deeds.(促进好的行为)D. Provide advice.(提供建议)26. What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3 ?A. She gets interested in lacrosse.B. She is proud of her kids.C. She’ll work for another season.D. She becomes a good helper.27. Why does the author like doing volunteer work?A. It gives her a sense of duty.B. It makes her very happy.C. It enables her to work hard.D. It brings her material rewards.阅读理解A【文章大意】本文主要描述四本书的作者以及各书的大致内容。
考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析word版
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考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析word版•相关推荐考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析(word版)在社会的各个领域,我们总免不了要接触或使用试题,借助试题可以对一个人进行全方位的考核。
那么一般好的试题都具备什么特点呢?以下是小编为大家收集的考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析(word 版),仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析word版篇1Text 4When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it. Oftentimes,success is achieved,as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the entire population of a region or country may be at grave risk,it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination,so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread.The process of vaccination allows the patients body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that,if it is encountered, one can ward it off naturally. To accomplish this,a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment,so that his bodys immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the diseases defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patients immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patientlater come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it, having already done so before.There are dangers inherent in the process,however. On occasion, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system succumbing,and,therefore,the patients death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine,designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately 1 in 10,000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the entire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today,3000 Americans would be left dead.Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970s,ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a re-introduction of the disease,however,mandatory vaccinations may resume,resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a mixed blessing, may indeed hide some hidden curses.36.The best title for the text may be?[A] “Vaccinations:A Blessing or A Curse”[B] “Principles of Vaccinations”[C] “Vaccines:Methods and Implications”[D] “A Miracle Cure Under Attack”37.What does the example of the Smallpox Vaccine illustrate?[A] The possible negative outcome of administering vaccines.[B] The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic disease.[C] The effectiveness of vaccines in eradicating certain disease.[D] The method by which vaccines are employed against the disease.38.The phrase “ward it off naturally” (Paragraph 2) most probably means?[A] dispose of it naturally [B] fight it off with ease[C] see to it reluctantly [D] split it up properly39.Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Saving the majority would necessarily justify the death of the minority.[B] The immune system can be trained to fight weaker versions of a disease.[C] Mandatory vaccinations are indispensable to the survival of the populace.[D] The process of vaccination remains a mystery to be further resolved.40.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is?[A] to comment and criticize [B] to demonstrate and argue[C] to interest and entertain[D] to explain and informPart BSample oneDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)We are seeing a series of paradoxes at the turn of the millennium. On the one hand, globalization means that nationalfrontiers are becoming increasingly meaningless,but on the other,we are being swept by a wave of parochialism,with countries clinging to the notion of sovereignty.41)?But there are so many factors in the world that make this position increasingly meaningless. Governments no longer have complete control over their economic and monetary policies, and many multinationals now have greater profits than individual countrys GDP.The end of the cold war has brought its own dangers and we need to find a new balance of power in the world. It has also spawned many conflicts. Governments must be prepared to surrender some authority to global and regional institutions or we risk world disorder. It is tragic that,just when we need a strong international organization, the United Nations is starved of funds and often sidelined by its own member states. What happened in East Timor was unforgivable because it was foreseeable. Angola has been another sad instance of international vacillation. 42)?I do think world war is less likely for the present, although I worry about the proliferation of nuclear weapons at one end and lethal small arms at the other. 43)?Another worry stems from the huge economic imbalances in a world where the richest 20 per cent have 86 per cent of global GDP, and the 20 poorest countries only one per cent.Humanitarian aid is no more than a palliative. 44)?The international implications of,for example,the collapse of Africa are unthinkable. There must be a new concept of security based not just on military and defense matters but on economic and social concerns too. 45)?The global pendulum has swung too far towards a total dependence on market forces,but finding some point ofbalance in the middle is extremely difficult. I am by nature optimistic, but in my gloomier moments I sometimes think the only solution will be an invasion from outer space-then at last everyone would unite!考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析word版篇2Text4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this springthe most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was bom after 1995, give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If"entitled"is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those bom between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and expert who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren,'t interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the great good.36. Generation Zs graduating college this spring_____.[A] are recognized for their abilities[B] are in favor of job offers[C] are optimistic about the labor market[D] are drawing growing public attention37. Generation Zs are keenly aware_____.[A] what a tough economic situation is like[B] what their parents expect of them[C] how they differ from past generations[D] I how valuable a counselors advice is38. The word"assuage"(line 9, para 2)is closet in meaning to_____.[A]define [B]relieve [C] maintain [D] deepen39.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs_____.[A] care little about their job performance[B] give top priority to professional training[C]think it hard to achieve work-Life balance[D] have a clear idea about their future job40 Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are_____.[A]less realistic B] less adventurous [C]more diligent [D] more generous36. 【C】are drawing growing public attention细节题。
考研英语全真模拟冲刺试题及其答案详解
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Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Driving through snowstorm on icy roads for long distances is a most nerve-racking experience. It is a paradox that the snow, coming __1__ gently, blowing gleefully in a high wind, all the while __2__ down a treacherous carpet, freezes the windows,__3__ the view. The might of automated man is__4__ . The horses, the powerful electrical systems, the deep-tread tires, all go __5__ nothing. One minute the road feels __6__, and the next the driver is sliding over it, light as a__7__, in a panic, wondering what the heavy trailer trucks coming up__8__the rear are going to do. The trucks are like __9__ when you have to pass them, not at sixty or seventy __10__ you do when the road is dry, but at twenty-five and thirty. __11__ their engines sound unnaturally loud. Snow, slush and__12__ of ice spray from beneath the wheels, obscure the windshield, and rattle __13__your car. Beneath the wheels there is plenty of __14__ for you to slide and get mashed to a pulp. Inch __15__ inch you move up, past the rear wheels, the center wheels, the cab, the front wheels, all__16__too slowly by. Straight ahead you continue,__17__ to cut over sharply would send you into a slip,__18__in front of the vehicle. At last, there is__19__enough, and you creep back over, in front of the truck now, but__20__the sound of its engine still thundering in your ears.1. [A] up [B] off [C] down [D] on2. [A] lies [B] lays [C] settles [D] sends3. [A] blocks [B] strikes [C] puffs [D] cancels4. [A] muted [B] discovered [C] doubled [D] undervalued5. [A] for [B] with [C] into [D] from6. [A] comfortable [B] weak [C] risky [D] firm7. [A] loaf [B] feather [C] leaf [D] fog8. [A] beneath [B] from [C] under [D] beyond9. [A] dwarfs [B] giants [C] patients [D] princesses10. [A] what [B] since [C] as [D] that11. [A] So [B] But [C] Or [D] Then12. [A] flakes [B] flocks [C] chips [D] cakes13. [A] onto [B] against [C] off [D] along14. [A] snow [B] earth [C] room [D] ice15. [A] by [B] after [C] for [D] with16. [A] climbing [B] crawling [C] winding [D] sliding17. [A] meanwhile [B] unless [C] whereas [D] for18. [A] sheer [B] mostly [C] rarely [D] right19. [A] might [B] distance [C] air [D] power20. [A] with [B] like [C] inside [D] upon答案1.C2.B3.A4.A5.A6.D7.B8.C9.B 10.C11.D 12.C 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.D 17.D 18.D 19.B 20.A总体分析本文描述了在冰雪覆盖的路面上开车的经历。
2020年考研英语二阅读理解答案及解析(海文版)
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2020年考研英语二阅读理解答案及解析(海文版)Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121、【答案】[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace【解析】事实细节题。
该题干问:之前的研究认为家是……。
根据题干,该题答案定位在首段首句。
首句大致意思为“一项新的研究表明,与绝绝大部分研究相反,实际上,人们在家里的压力要大于工作。
”由此可知,以往的研究正好跟最新研究相反,即人们在家里的压力小于工作。
纵观各选项,选项A意为:与工作场所相比,能提供更多的休闲;与文章表述一致,为准确答案。
22、【答案】[C ] childless husbands【解析】事实细节题。
文章第二段第三句和第四句提到“It is men not women, who report being happier at home than at work…, but more so for nonparents.”即“研究发现是男人,而不是女人,在家比在工作中更高兴。
更令人吃惊的是,研究发现,这种情况对于有孩子和没有孩子都是这样,尤其是对于没有孩子的。
”所以综合对比后,选择C。
23、【答案】[D] they are both bread winners and housewives【解析】推理判断题。
文章第三段中提到“For many men, the end o f the workday is …, with the blurring of role……”. 意思是“对于男人来说,一天的工作结束后,是他们休息的时候,但是对于女人来说,离开办公室之后,还有很多的家务活”。
由此能够推出,“The blurring of working women’s roles” 指的是“既要在职场打拼也要做很多家务的女性”。
所以综合判定后确定D为准确答案。
2020考研英语真题参考2020年硕士研究生考试题答案及解析 (2)
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2020 年研究生入学统一考试试题(英语一)答案及解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)今年完形填空的难度较前两年略难,虽然话题不难理解,但不易把握上下文的线索。
需要对文章内容有全面和精准的把握才能做好。
主要内容讲的是虽然烤肉之类的食品是会对健康带来危害,我们对这些健康方面的危言耸听也不可过度恐慌。
属于比较生活的话题。
下面我们一起来看一下答案及解析。
1.【答案】C On【解析】此处考察介词词义辨析。
On a cold winter's day 意思是在一个寒冷冬日。
介词on 后加具体的某一天;in 后加一段时间,例如in winter,in 2002;toward 表方向,不与时间搭配;till 意思是直到,例如till tomorrow,till next week,与句意不符。
故正确答案为on。
2.【答案】A match【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析。
文章的首段首句提到:即使家庭成员不太可能经常坐下来一起吃饭,但数百万英国人将在这个周末参加这个国家最伟大的传统活动之一:星期日烤肉。
On a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. 在一个寒冷的冬日,很少有什么乐趣与之匹配。
match 匹配。
express 表达。
satisfy 满足,满意;确信;符合。
influence 影响。
3.【答案】B enjoyment【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。
上文说到星期日烤肉是一项开心的活动。
后文Yet 进行语义转折:然而正如现在报道的那样,食品卫生部门认为这种 3 会导致另一种有罪的快乐 4 损害我们的健康。
2020年考研《英语二》答案:阅读理解
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2020年考研《英语二》答案:阅读理解Part AText 121、【答案】B A special tour【解析】细节题。
答案定位在第二段的“it is far better to spend money on experiences…like interesting trips…”,意思是“花钱消费在经历方面更好……,比如说有趣的旅行……”,由此能够得知答案是B选项“一场特别的旅行”。
22、【答案】A critical【解析】观点态度题。
答案定位在第三段的“something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it”,意思是“普通美国人一年花两个月的时间看电视,并且看电视几乎不可能更愉快”,所以能够得知作者对于看电视的态度是A选项“批判的”。
23、【答案】D rarity generally increases pleasure【解析】观点例证题。
答案定位在第三段,文章中提到Mc Rib这个例子,用这个例子证明的论点是“luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly”,大意是“有节制地消费奢侈品最令人愉悦”,D选项正是这句论点句的同义替换。
24、【答案】B may prove to be a worthwhile purchase【解析】细节题。
答案定位在最后一段的最后一句“most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent”,大意是“绝大部分人看完这本书后,认为物有所值”,所以能够推知B选项是准确答案。
25、【答案】A balance feeling good and spending money【解析】主旨题。
2020年全国高考英语冲刺模拟英语试卷两套含答案
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2020高考英语模拟冲刺卷两套第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A.Summer comes and we start thinking of ways to increase liquid intake. Water-rich fruits like watermelon become a basic part of your diet during summer. These fruits can certainly help to stop our thirst. Watermelons are not only nutritious but also help us beat the summer heat. However, can watermelons be shared with our pet dog? There is absolutely no harm in giving a watermelon to your pet. Watermelons are excellent sources of vitamins A and C as well as minerals. Moreover, they help to stop your pet’s thirst as they contain more than 70% water. Before sharing a watermelon with your dog, make sure that you do not feed beyond his ability to digest. The amount you feed will vary depending upon how big your dog is. For instance, if you have a small breed dog, giving a small slice is enough. However, an adult Golden Retriever certainly has the ability to consume more slices.Also, make sure that you remove the seeds before feeding watermelon slices to your dog. This is because dogs find the seeds very difficult to digest; hence their consumption is likely to cause stomach upset. Moreover, the seeds can actually be harmful to your dog as the seeds can be poisonous to your dog when eaten too much. Even taking a few may cause stomach upset in some dogs. So it is best to avoid feeding the seeds to your pet.As far as offering the skin of the watermelon is concerned, you should avoid it. While the rind(外皮) contains a great number of nutrients, if not chewed properly and swallowed, it can get stuck in the stomach and cause a serious digestive problem in dogs.On the whole , while watermelon is not bad for a dog’s health, feeding it in small portions withou t the skin and the seeds is necessary to keep digestive issues at bay.21. Which of the following isn’t the reason why watermelons can be shared with the pet?A. They are rich in vitamins.B. They contain superior minerals.C. They can provide enough water.D. They can strengthen the digestive system.【答案】:D22. What decides the amount of the watermelon you share with a pet?A. They type of a pet.B. The size of a pet.C. The ripeness of a watermelon.D. The taste of a watermelon.【答案】:B23. What is the best title of the passage?A. Is it OK to Feed Watermelon to Your Pet Dog?B. Why Does Your Pet Dog Like Eating Watermelon?C. Can Watermelon Seeds Be Given to Your Pet Dog?D. Do You Know Your Pet Dog Likes Eating Watermelon?【答案】:A47. A. thrill B. guide C. expect D. persuade【答案】:C48. A. truth B. pest C. postage D. regulation【答案】:A49. A. interesting B. exciting C. normal D. fluent【答案】:C50. A. primly B. casually C. officially D. nervously【答案】:B51. A. partner B. overcoat C. poverty D. operator【答案】:C52. A. fence B. turn C. noise D. rejection【答案】:B53. A. even B. still C. otherwise D. unless【答案】:A54. A. simple B. swollen C. talented D. tender【答案】:D55. A. feeling B. spelling C. staring D. shocking【答案】:C56. A. people B. person C. human D. human being【答案】:B57. A. in B. on C. at D. off【答案】:B58. A. what B. which C. where D. that【答案】:A59. A. impossible B. curious C. great D. favorable【答案】:C60. A. students B. drivers C. teachers D. headmasters【答案】:C第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2020年考研英语阅读模拟试题及答案(1)
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2020年考研英语阅读模拟试题及答案(1)Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities — as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980’s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade.Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like inorder to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. Butcivil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts” with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often run the danger of becoming- and remaining-dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.1. The primary purpose of the text is to[A] present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.[B] describe a situation and its potential drawbacks.[C] propose a temporary solution to a problem.[D] analyze a frequent source of disagreement.2. The text suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might causes it to[A] experience frustration but not serious financial harm.[B] face potentially crippling fixed expenses.[C] have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government.[D] increase its spending with minority subcontractors.3. It can be inferred from the text that, compared with the requirements of law, the percentage goals set by “some federal and loc al agencies” (line 9, paragraph 1) are[A] more popular with large corporations.[B] more concrete.[C] less controversial.[D] less expensive to enforce.4. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s assertion that, in the 1970’s, corporate response to federal requirements (line 1, paragraph 2) was substantial?[A] Corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses totaled $2 billion in 1979.[B] Between 1970 and 1972, corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses declined by 25 percent.[C] The figures collected in 1977 underrepresented the extent of corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses.[D] The $1.1 billion represented the same percentage of total corporate spending in 1977 as did $77 million in 1972.5. The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors?[A] Annoyed by the proliferation of “front” organizations, corporations are likely to reduce theirefforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future.[B] Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the 1970’s, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts.[C] The significant response of corporations in the 1970’s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980’s.[D] Although corporations are eager to cooperate with minority-owned businesses, a shortage of capital in the 1970’s made substantial response impossible.[答案与考点解析]1. 【答案】B【考点解析】本题是一道中心主旨题。
2020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案解析(1)
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2020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案解析(1)Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation,migration becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions.The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their countryside migrating to the New World was simply a natural spillover. Although atfirst the colonies held little positive attraction for the English &mdash they would rather have stayed home &mdash by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly,Bailyn holds that,contrary to the notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks,there was never a typical New World community. For example,the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably.Bailyn's third proposition suggest two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants:one group came as indentured servants,another came to acquire land. Surprisingly,Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to preindustrial North America. At first,thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited by the 1730's,however,American employers demanded skilled artisans.Finally,Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery,as Bailyn does,devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is true,as Bailyn claims,that high culture in the colonies never matched thatin England. But what of seventeenth-century New England,where the settlers created effective laws,built a distinguished university,and published books? Bailyn might respond that New England was exceptional. However,the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North American culture.Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution,he fails to link their experience with the political development of the United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that a peculiarly American political culture began,among colonists who were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic.Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North America is supported by information in the text?[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring land.[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans.[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during the seventeenth century.[D] By the 1730's,migrants already skilled in a trade were in more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers.The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural andpolitical interdependence of the colonies and England.[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States.[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to acquire land.[D] relate the experience of the migrants to thepolitical values that eventually shaped the character of the United States.Which of the following best summarizes the author's evaluation of Bailyn's fourth proposition?[A] It is totally implausible.[B] It is partially acceptable.[C] It is highly admirable.[D] It is controversial though persuasive.According to the text,Bailyn and the author agree on which of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England?[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture of England.[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have generally been unrecognized by historians.[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England,and did not develop a culture that was uniquely their own.[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high culture of New England.The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about Bailyn's work?[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North American culture.[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies on Great Britain.[C] Bailyn's desription of the colonies as part of an Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect.[D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group of migrants to colonial North America.[答案与考点解析]「答案」D「考点解析」这是一道审题定位题。
(完整版)2020年考研英语二真题答案及解析(文字版)
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2020年研究生入学统一考试试题(英语二)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.__3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and does nobody any good. You wish that you could __11__ the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.__12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may __13__ for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also __14__ your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for example C at once D by accident3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4. A amuse B assist C describe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect15. A time B bond C race D cool16. A nature B secret C importance D context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape今年完形填空的难度系数很小,基本无生词,长难句也很少。
2020考研英语(二)真题完整版+答案
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2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 , particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, 2 , a younger sibling.s a bit easier to 4 : a patient parent.3 , There’s another sort of parent that’Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, 5 every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy 6 . Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a 7 and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a little too far. And then the 9 happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too 10 and does nobody any good. You wish that you could 11 the clock and start over, We’ve all been there:important to keep in mind that in a singlecommon, it’s12 , even though it’smoment of fatigue. you can say something to your child that you may 13 for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also-esteem.14 your child’s selfIf you consistently lose your 15 with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the 16 of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when 17 by stress is one of the most.important of all life’s skillsincredibly 18 to maintain patience at all times with your Certainly, it’schildren. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with 19 situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal. you and your children will benefit and 20 from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A. tedious B. pleasant C. instructive D. tricky2. A. in addition B. for example C. at once D. by accident3. A. fortunately B. occasionally C. accordingly D. eventually4. A. amuse B. assist C. describe D. train5. A. while B. because C. unless D. once6. A. answer B. task C. choice D. access7. A. tolerant B. formal C. rigid D. critical8. A. move B. drag C. push D. send9. A. mysterious B. illogical C. suspicious D. inevitable10. A. boring B. na?ve C. harsh D. vague11. A. turn back B. take apart C. set aside D. cover up12. A. Overall B. Instead C. However D. Otherwise13. A. like B. miss C. believe D. regret14. A raise B. affect C. justify D. reflect15. A. time B. bond C. race D. cool16. A. nature B. secret C. importance D. context17. A. cheated B. defeated C. confused D. confronted18. A. terrible B. hard C. strange D. wrong19. A. trying B. changing C. exciting D. surprising20. A. hide B. emerge C. withdraw D. escape【答案】1-5 DBACA6-10 BACDC11-15 ACDBD16-20 CDBABSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts, Answer the questions each text by choosing A B. C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points)Text 1Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial for four days. The robot rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened cage doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, CHRIS SCUFFINS/GETTY the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats theopportunity to release them by pressing a lever. Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviors like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favor when they get trapped, says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design, says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots, says Wiles. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals, she says. We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too, says Wiles.21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can .A. distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile onB. pick up social signals from non-living ratsC. attain sociable traits through special trainingD. send out warning messages to their fellows22.What did the asocial robot do during the experiment?A. It played with some toysB. It set the trapped rats freeC. It moved around aloneD. It followed the social robot23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they .A. expected it to do the same in returnB. considered that an interesting gameC. wanted to display their intelligenceD. tried to practice a means of escape24. Janet Wiles notes that rats .A. respond more to actions than to looksB. differentiate smells better than sizesC. can be scared by a plastic box on wheelsD. can remember other rats’ facial features25. It can be learned from the cues that rats .A. appear to be adaptable to new surroundingsB. are more socially active than other animalsC. are more sensitive to cues than expectedD. behave differently from children in socializing【答案】21-25 BCAACText 2It is fashionable today to bash Big Business.And there is one issue on whichthe many cities agree:CEO pay.We hear that CEOs are paid too much (or too much relative to workers),or that they rig others' pay, or that their pay is insufficiently related to positive outcomes.But the more likely truth is CEO pay is largely caused by intense competition.It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average,and since the mid-1970s,CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates gone up by about 500%.The typical CEO of a top American corporation-from the 350largest such companies-now makes about $18.9 million a year.while individual cases of overpayment definitely exist, in general, the determinants of CEOpay are not so mysterious and not so mired in corruption. In fact, overall CEO compensation for the top companies rises pretty much in lockstep with the value of thosecompanies on the stock market.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay,though, is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms ares highest-earning 1% have been one of the growing rapidly.The efforts of America’more dynamic elements of the global economy.It s not popular to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really haveupped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.Today’s CEO, at least for major American firms,must have many more skill than simply being able to "run the company".CEOs must have a good senseof financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.Then there's the fact that large American companies aremuch more globalized than ever before with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling.There is yet another trend: virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies, one way or another. An agribusiness company, for instance, may focus on R&D in highly IT-intensive areas such as genome sequencing. Similarly, it is hard to do a good job running the Walt Disney Company just by picking good movie scripts and courting stars; you also need to build a firm capable of creating significant CGl products for animated movies at the highest levels of technical sophistication and with many frontier innovations along the way.On top of all of this, major CEOs still have to do the job they have always done-which includes motivating employees, serving as an internal role model, helping to define and extend a corporate culture, understanding the internal accounting, and presenting budgets and business plans to the board. Good CEOs are some of the world's most potent creators and have some of the very deepest skills of understanding.26. which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A. The growth in the number of cooperationsB. The general pay rise with a better economyC. Increased business opportunities for top firmsD. Close cooperation among leading economics27. Compared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to .A. foster a stronger sense of teamworkB. finance more research and developmentC. establish closer ties with tech companiesD. operate more globalized companies28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite .A. continual internal oppositionB. strict corporate governanceC. conservative business strategiesD. repeated governance warnings29. High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps .A. confirm the status of CEOsB. motive inside candidatesC. boost the efficiency of CEOsD. increase corporate value30. The most suitable title for this text would be .A. CEOs Are Not OverpaidB. CEO Pay: Past and PresentC. CEOs' Challenges of TodayD. CEO Traits: Not easy to define【答案】26-30 CDBDAText 3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martínez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city’s decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zone’s future looks uncertain at best.Madrid’s back and forth on clean air is a pointed reminder of the limits to the patchwork, city-by-city approach that characterises efforts on air pollution across Europe, Britain very much included.Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That’s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers-who must pay fees or buy better vehicles-rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It’s not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year’s mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roadsin 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It’s not that measures s uch as London’s Ulez are useless. F ar from it. Local’ health in officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residentsthe face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits-fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national government-Britain’s and others across Europe-have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas-city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads-are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution. We’re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31. Which of the following is true about Madrid’s clean air zone?[A] Its effects are questionable[B] It has been opposed by a judge[C] It needs tougher enforcement[D] Its fate is yet to be decided32. Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?[A] They are biased against car manufacturers.[B] They prove impractical for city councils.[C] They are deemed too mild for politicians.[D] They put too much burden on individual motorists..33. The author believ es that the extension of London’s Ulez will[A] arouse strong resistance.[B] ensure Khan’s electoral success.[C] improve the city’s traffic.[D] discourage car manufacturing.34. Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?[A] Local residents[B] Mayors.[C] Councilors.[D] National governments.35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies .[A] will raise low-emission car production[B] should be forced to follow regulations[C] will upgrade the design of their vehicles[D] should be put under public supervision【答案】31-35 DDADAText 4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring—the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year—the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If "entitled" is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and experts who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.That's a big change from the previous generation. "Millennials wanted more flexibility in their lives," notes Tanya Michelsen, Associate Director of YouthSight, a UK-based brand manager that conducts regular 60-day surveys of British youth, in findings that might just as well apply to American youth. "Generation Z are looking for more certainty and stability, because o f the rise of the gig economy. They have trouble seeing a financial future and they are quite risk averse."36. Generation Zs graduating college this spring .A. are recognized for their abilities.B. are optimistic about the labor market.C. are drawing growing public attention.D. are in favor of office job offers.37.Generation Zs are keenly aware.A. What their parents expect of themB. what a tough economic situation is likeC. how they differ from past generationsD. how valuable a counselor’s advice is38.The word “assuage” (line 9, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .A. maintainB. defineC. relieveD. deepen39.It can be learned from Para. 3 that Generation Zs .A. have a clear idea about their future jobsB. care little about their hob performance\C. give top priority to professional trainingD .think it hard to achieve work-life balance40.Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are .A. more diligentB. more generousC. less adventurousD. less realistic【答案】36-40 CBCACPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Give compliments, just not too many.[B] Put on a good face, always.[C] Tailor your interactions.[D] Spend time with everyone.[E] Reveal, don’t hide information.[F] Slow down and listen.[G] Put yourselves in others’shoes.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possible to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people, much less50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.41.__________If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay tight-lipped around them. But you won’t be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness. The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details aboutyourself or painstakingly conceal them, you shouldjust be honest.42.__________Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need totell others how we feel, whether it’s a concern about a project, a stray thought, or acompliment. Those are all valid, butyou need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don’t value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers ina genuine, back-and-forthconversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43.__________It’s common to have a“cubicle mate”or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trustedcoworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and c offee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don’t always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to grow your internal network, in addition to being a nice break in the work day.44.__________Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don’t have to besomeone’s boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project. Thiswill help engender good will in others. But don’t overdo it or be fake about it. One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45.__________This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward. Jokes that work one person won’t necessarily land with another. So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you’re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.【答案】41-45 EFDACSection ⅢTranslation46.It’s almost impossible for everyone to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere.Put simply, they’re not really living at all. But, the wonderful thing about failure isthat it’s entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as “the end of the world”, or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lesson we’re meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they’re how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistakes again. Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we could never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.【参考译文】对每个人来说,生活中不经历某种失败几乎是不可能的。
考研英语二(阅读)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
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考研英语二(阅读)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. No reliable statistics show how many parents or schools use it, but the Positive Discipline Association, a non-profit that ran 18 training workshops in 2005, found itself running 51 in 2010. Doubters fear that positive really means permissive. Not so, says Maria Vannucci of the Adler School of Professional Psychology in Chicago. The goal is to connect with a child, rather than simply barking “Shut up!”or “Go to your room!”For example, a child who is getting underfoot in the kitchen may need to feel involved and be given something to do, such as rolling pastry or folding napkins. One who has given up on his homework may need to have the task broken down. A toddler who hits another may not know why he is angry; he may be removed or told: “Use your gentle hands. “Bribes are out: positive disciplinarians fear they may prevent a child from developing pride in a job well done.6.According to Paragraph 1, which one of the following is true?A.Positive discipline is absolutely superior to “naughty step”.B.Parents used to choose more violent ways to teach their children.C.Supernanny advises parents to use “naughty step” and “positive discipline”.D.Some people suggest “naughty step”is both physically and mentally damaging.正确答案:B解析:选项[A]是无中生有。
2020年考研英语(二)真题及答案
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2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Readthe following text Choosethe best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Beinga good parent is,of course,what every parent would like to be.But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very1,particularly since children respond differently to the samestyle of parenting.A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than,2,a younger sibling.3,There’sanother sort of parent that s a bit easier to4:a patient parent. Children of every agebenefit from patient parenting.Still,5every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy6.Sometimesparents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a7and composedstyle with their kids.I understand this.only human.and sometimes your kids can8you just a little too far.And You’rethen the9happens:Youlose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too10and does nobody any good.Youwish that you could 11the clock and start over,We’ve all been there:12,even though it’simportant to keep in mind that in a singlecommon,it’smoment of fatigue.you can saysomething to your child that you may13for a long time.Ibis may not only do damage to your relationship with.your child but also14 self-esteem.your child’sIf you consistently loseyour15with your kids.then you are inadvertently modeling a lackof emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the16of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when17by stressis one of the mostskillsimportant of all life’sCertainly,it’sincredibly18to maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to tr to the best of your ability,to be astolerant and composed asyou can when faced with19situations involving your children.I can promise you this:Asa result of working toward this goal.you and your children will benefitand20from stressful moments feeling better physicallyand emotionally.1.[A]tedious[B]pleasant[C]instructive[D]tricky2.[A]in addition[B]for example[C]at once[D]by accident3.[A]fortunately[B]occasionally[C]accordingly[D]eventually4.[A]amuse[B]assist[C]describe[D]train5.[A]while[B]because[C]unless[1)]once6.[A]answer[B]task[C]choice[D]access7.[A]tolerant[B]formal[C]rigid[D]critical8.[A]move[B]drag[C]push[D]send9.[A]mysterious[B]illogical[C]suspicious[D]inevitable10.[A]boring[B]naive[C]harsh[D]vague11.[A]turn back[B]take apart[C]set aside[D]cover up12.[A]overall[B]instead[C]however[D]otherwise13.[A]like[B]miss[C]believe[D]regret14.[A]raise[B]affect[C]justify[D]reflect15[A]time[B]bond[C]race[D]cool16.[A]nature[B]secret[C]importance[D]context17.[A]cheated[B]defeated[C]confused[D]confronted1L[A]terrible[B]hard[C]strange[D]wrong19.[A]trying[B]changing[C]exciting[D]surprising20.[A]hide[B]emerge[C]withdraw[D]escapeSection II ReadingComprehensionPart ADirections:Readthe following four texts.Answer the questions below eachtext by choosingA,B,Cor D.Mark your answerson the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Ratsand other animals need to be highly at tuned to socialsignalsfrom othersso that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out ifthis extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleaguestested whether rats can detect socialsignalsfrom roboticrats.Theyhoused eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat—one socialanti oneasocial—for5our days.Therobots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the sametoys,and opened cageddoors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile,the asocialrobot simply moved forwards and backwardsand side to sideNext,the researcherstapped the robots in cagesand gavethe rats the opportunity to release them by pressinga lever.Across18trials each,the living rats were52percent more likely on averagetoset the social robot free than the asocialone.Thissuggeststhat the rats perceivedthe social robot asa genuine socialbeing.They may have bonded more with thesocialrobot becauseit displayedbehaviours like communal exploring and playing. Thiscould lead to the rats better remembering havingfreed it earlier,and wantingthe robot to return the favour when they get trapped,saysQuinn.Thereadinessof the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.Therobot was the samesizeasa regular rat but resembled a simpleassumedwe’dh ave to give it a moving head and tail, plastic box on wheels.“We’dfacial features,and put a sceneon it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’tsaysJanetWiles at the University of Queenslandin Australia,who necessary,”helped with the research.Thefinding showshow sensitive rats are to socialcues,even when they come from basicrobots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots asif they are fellow beings, even when they displayonly simple socialsignals.”We humans seemto be fascinated by robots,and itWiles.turns out other animals are too,”says21.Quinn and her colleaguesconducted a test to seeif rats can[A]pickup social signalsfrom non-living rats[B]distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one[q attain sociabletraits through specialtraining[D]send out warming messagesto their fellow22.What did the socialrobot do during the experiment?[A]It followed the socialrobot.[B]It played with some toys.[C]It set the trapped Tatsfree.[D]It moved around alone.23.Accordingto Quinn,the rats releasedthe social robot becausethey[A]tried to practice a means of escape[B]expected it to do the samein return[C]wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24.JamesWiles notes that rats______facial features[A]can remember other rat’s[B]differentiate smells better than sizes[C]respond more to cations than to looks[D]can be scaredby a plastic box on wheels25.It can be learned from the text that rats______[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings(B]are more sociallyactive than other animals[C]behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to socialcuesthan expectedText2It is fashionable today to bash BigBusiness.And there is one issueon which the many critics agree:CEOpay.We hear that CEOs are paid too much(or too muchpay,or that their pay is insufficiently relative to workers),or that they rig others’related to positive outcomes.But the more likely truth is CEOpay is largely caused by intense competition.It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make300times the pay of typical workers on average,and sincethe mid-l970s,CEOpay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates,gone up by about500%Thethe350largest suchtypical CEOof a top American corporation—fromcompanies—nowmakesabout$18.9million a year.While individual casesof overpayment definitely exist,in general,the determinants of CEOpay are not so mysterious and not so mired in corruption.Infact,overall CEOcompensation for the top companiesrises pretty much.In lockstep with the value of those companieson the stock market.Thebest model for understanding the growth of CEOpay,though,is that of limited CEOtalent in a world where businessopportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts ofhighest-earning l%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the Arnerica’snot popular to say,but one reason their pay hasgone up so global economy.It’smuch is that CEOs really have upped their gamerelative to many other workers in the U.S.economy.CEO,at least for major American firms,must have many more skillsthan Today’ssimply being able to“run t he company.”CEOs must have a good senseof financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.Theyalso need better public relations skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minorthe fact that large American companiesare slipup can be significant.Thenthere’smuch more globalizedthan ever before,with supply chainsspread acrossa larger number of countries.Tolead in that s stem requires knowledge that is fairlymind-boggling.Thereis yet another trend:virtually all major Americancompanies are becoming tech companies,one way or another.An agribusinesscompany for instance,may focus on R&Din highly IT-intensiveareassuch asgenome sequencing.Similarly;it is hard to do a good job running the Walt DisneyCompanyjust by picking good movie scripts and courting stars;you alsoneed to build a firm capableof creating significant CGIproducts for animated movies at the highest levelsof technical sophistication and with many frontier innovations along the way.Ontop of all of this,major CEOs still have to do the job they have always done—which i ncludesmotivating employees,serving asan internal role model, helping to define and extend a corporate culture,understanding the internal accounting,and presenting budgets and businessplans to the board.Good CEOs are most potent creators and have some of the very deepest skills of someof the world’sunderstanding.26.which of the following hascontributed to CEO pay rise?A.Thegrowth in the number of cooperationsB.The general pay rise with a better economyC.Increasedbusinessopportunities for top firmsD.Closecooperation among leading economicsCEOs are required to_.paredwith their predecessors,today’sA.foster a stronger senseof teamworkB.finance more research and developmentC.establish closer ties with tech companiesD.operate more globalizedcompanies28.CEO pay has been rising sincethe1970sdespite.A.continual internal oppositionB.strict corporate governanceC.conservative businessstrategiesD.repeated governance warnings29.HighCEOpay can be justified by the fact that it helps.A.confirm the status of CEOsB.motive inside candidatesC.boost the efficiency of CEOsD.increasecorporate value30.Themost suitable title for this text would be.A.CEOs Are Not OverpaidB.CEOPay:Pastand PresentC.CEOs’C hallengesof TodayD.CEOTraits:Not Easyto DefineText3Madrid was hailed asa public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.Sevenmonths and one electionday later,a new conservative city council suspendedenforcement of the clean air zone,a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor JoseLuisMartinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepieceof hiselection campaign,despite its successin improving air quality.A judge hasnow decision to stop levying fines,ordering them reinstated.But with overruled the city’sfuture looks uncertain at best.legal baffles ahead,the zone’sAmong other weaknesses,the measurescities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious,and therefore vulnerable.That’sbecausethey inevitably put the costsof cleaningthe air on to individual drivers—who must pay fees or buy better vehicles—rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real causeof our toxic pollution.not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London.The new It’smayoralultra-low emission zone(Ulez)is likely to be a big issuein next year’selection.And if SadiqKhanwins and extends it to the North and SouthCircular roads in2021ashe intends,it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.Ulezare useless.Farfrom it.Local It’snot that measuressuchas London’shealth officials are usingthe leversthat are available to them to safeguardresidents’in the faceof a serious threat.Thezonesdo deliver some improvements to air quality,and the sciencetells us that meansreal health benefits-fewer heart attacks, stokes and premature births,lesscancer,dementia and asthma.Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.Theyare acting becausenational governments—failed to do so.and others acrossEurope—haveBritain’sRestrictionsthat keep highly polluting carsout of certain areas—cityeven individual roads-area response to the absenceof a streets”,centres,”schoollarger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance-Waleshas introduced speciallow speedlimitsto minimise pollution.We re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.clean air zone?31.Which of the following is true about Madrid’s[A]Its effects are questionable[B]It has been opposedby a judge[C]It needs tougher enforcement[D]Its fate is yet to be decided32.Which is considered aweaknessof the city-level measuresto tackle dirty air?[A]Theyare biased againstcar manufacturers.[B]Theyprove impractical for city councils.[C]Theyare deemed too mild for politicians.[D]They put too much burden on individual motorists.Ulez will.33.Theauthor believesthat the extension of London’s[A]arousestrong resistance.[B]ensure Khan’selectoral success.traffic.[C]improve the city’s[D]discourage carmanufacturing.34.Who does the author think should have addressedthe problem?[A]Localresidents[B]Mayors.[C]Councilors.[D]National governments.35.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies-[A]will raiselow-emission car production[B]should be forced to follow regulations[C]will upgrade the design of their vehicles[D]should be put under public supervisionText4the Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring—mostcommonly-accepteddefinition saysthis generation was born after1995,giveor take a year—the attention hasbeen rising steadily in recent weeks.GenZsare abouttighter than its been into hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that’sdecades.And employers are planning on hiring about17percent more new graduatesfor jobs in the U.S.this year than last,according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Collegesand Employers.Everybodywants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicleswill differ from those who came before them.If“entitled”is the most common adjective,fairly or not,applied to milennials (those born between1981and1995),the catchwords for Generation Z are practicaland cautious.Accordingto the careercounselors and experts who study them, Generation Zsare clear-eyed,economic pragmatists.Despite graduating into the best economy in the past50years,Gen Zsknow what an economic train wreck looks like.Theywere impressionable kidsduring the crashof2008,when many of theirinterested in taking any parents lost their jobs or their life savingsor bo&Theyaren’tchances.Thebooming economy seemsto have done little to assuagethis underlying generational senseof anxiousurgency,especiallyfor those who have college debt-Collegeloan balancesin the U.S.now stand at a record$1.5trillion,accordingto the FederalReserve.Onesurvey from Accenture found that88percent of graduating seniorsthis year chosetheir major with ajob in mind.In a2019survey of University of Georgia students,meanwhile,the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment(followed by professional development and training,and then inspiring purpose)Jobsecurity or stability was the secondmost important career goal(work-life balancewas number one), followed by a senseof being dedicated to a causeor to feel good about servingthe greater good36.Generation Zsgraduating college this spring-[A]are recognized for their abilities[B]are in favor of job offers[C]are optimistic about the labor market[D]are drawing growing public attention37.Generation Zsare keenly aware_______[A]what a tough economic situation is like[B]what their parents expect of them[C]how they differ from past generations[D]how valuable a counselor’sadvice is(line9,para2)is closet in meaning to________38.Theword“assuage”[A]define[B]relieve[C]maintain[D]deepen39.It can be learned from Paragraph3that Generation Zs_______[A]care little about their job performance[B]give top priority to professional training[C]think it hard to achievework-life balance[D]have a clear idea about their future job40.Michelsen thinks that compared with milennials,Generation Zsare_______[A]lessrealistic[B]lessadventurous[C]more diligent[D]more generousPart BDirections:Readthe following text and answer the questions by choosingthe most suitable subheadingfrom the list A-Gfor eachnumbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadingswhich you do not need to use.Mark your answerson the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Givecompliments,just not too many.[B]Put on a good face,always.[C]Tailor your interactions.[D]Spendtime with everyone.hide information.[E]Reveal,don’t[F]Slow down and listen.shoes.[G]Put yourselvesin others’FiveWaysto Win Over Everyonein the OfficeIs it possibleto like everyone in your office?Think about how tough it is to get together15people,much less50,who all get along perfectly.But unlike in friendships,you need coworkers.You work with them every day and you depend on them just asthey depend on you.Here are some waysthat you canget the whole office on your side.41.If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace,you may try staybe helping either one of you.A Harvard tight-lipped around them.But you won’tBusinessSchoolstudy found that observersconsistently rated those who were frank about themselvesmore highly while those who hid lost trustworthiness.The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book,but rather,when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly concealthem,you should just be honest42.Justasimportant as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others.a concern about a We often feel the need to tell others how we feel,whether it’sproject,a stray thought,or a compliment.Thoseare all valid,but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers,too.In fact,rushing to get your own ideasoutvalue their opinions.Do your best to there can causecolleaguesto feel you don’tengagecoworkers in a genuine,back-and-forth conversation,rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43.common to have a“cubicle mate”or specialconfidant in a work setting.But It’sin addition to those trusted coworkers,you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around eyour lunch and coffee breaks to meet upalways see.Find out about their livesand interests beyond with colleaguesyou don’tthe job.It requires minimal effort and goesa long way.Thiswill help to grow your internal network,in addition to being a nice break in the work day.44-Positivefeedback is important for anyone to hear.And you don’thave to be bossto tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project.This someone’soverdo it or be fake about it One will help engender good will in others.But don’tstudy found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative topositive,possibly becauseit suggestedthey had won somebodyover.45.Thisone may be a bit more difficult to pull off but it can go a long way toachieving results.Rememberin dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction.Watch out for how they verbalize with others.Somepeople like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters,while other are more straightforward.Jokesthat work one person won’tnecessarilyland with another.So,dealing with in adapt your style accordingly to type.Considerthe person that you’re advanceand what will get you to your desired outcome.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)It’salmost impossible to go through life without experiencing somekind offailure.Peoplewho do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere.Putnot really living at all.But,the wonderful thing about failure is that simply,they’reentirely up to us to decide how to look at it.it’sor asproof of just how We can chooseto seefailure as“the e nd of the world,”inadequate we are.Or,we canlook at failure asthe incredible learning experiencethat it often is.Every time we fail at something.we can chooseto look for the lessonhow we grow,and we’re meant to learn.Theselessonsare very important,they’rehow we keep from making that samemistake again.Failuresstop us only if we let them.Failure can alsoteach us things about ourselvesthat we would never havelearned otherwise.For instance,failure can help you discover how strong a person you are.Failingat something canhelp you discover your truest friends,or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.SectionIV WritingPartA46.Directions:Supposeyou are planning a tour of ahistorical site for a group of international students.Write an email to1)tell them about the site,and2)givethem some tips for the tourPleasewrite your answer on the ANSWER SHEETDo nor useyour own name,use“Li Ming”instead.(10points)Part B47.Directions:Write an essaybased on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)giveyour commentsYoushould write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2020年考研英语二答案解析Section I Use of English1.【答案】D tricky【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。
2020年考研英语二真题及答案(完美打印版)
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2020年全国硕士研究生入学统-考试英语(二)试题Section I Use or EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A. B. C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 particularly since children respond differently lo the same style of parenting. A calm rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than 2 a younger one.3, there's another sort of parent that's easier to 4 ; a parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still , 5 . every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy 6 . sometimes, parents gel exhausted and are unable to maintain a 7 style with their kids. 1 understand this.You're only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a little too far. And then the9 happens: You lose your patience and either scream al your kids or say something that was too10 and does nobody any good. You wish that you could11 the clock and start over. We've all been there.12 even though it's common, it's vital to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may13 for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also14 your child's self-esteem.If you consistently lose your15 with your kids, then you are modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the16 of modeling patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to maintain emotional control when17 by stress is one of the most significant of all life's skills.Certainly, it's18 lo maintain patience at all times with your kids. A more practical goal is to try to be as calm as you can when faced with19 situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward ibis goal, you and your children will benefit and 20 from stressfulmoments feeling better physically and emotionally.1.[A] pleasant[B]tricky[C] tedious[D] instructive2. [A] at once[B]in addition[C] for example[D] by accident3.[A] Fortunately(B] Occasionally[C] Accordingly[D]Eventually4. [A] amuse[B] train[C] assist[D] describe5. [A] once[B] because[C] unless[D| while6. [A] choice|B] answer[C] task[D] access7.[A] formal[B] tolerant[C] rigid[D] critical8.[A] move[B]send[C]drag[D] push9.[A] inevitable[B] illogical[C] mysterious[D] suspicious10.[A] boring[B] harsh|C] naive[D] vague11.[A] turn back[B] take apart[C] set aside[D] cover up12.[A] Overall[B] Instead[C] otherwise[D]However13.[A] believe[B] regret[C] miss[D] like14. [A] justify[B] raise[C] affect[D] reflect15.[A]bond[B]time[C]race[D]cool16.[A] nature[B]secret[C]context(D] importance17.[A] confronted[B]defeated[C]cheated (D] confused18.[A] strange[B]terrible[C] hard[D] wrong19.[A] exciting[B]trying[C]Surprising[D] changing20. [A] withdraw[B]hide[C]emerge[D]escapeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing /X.B.Cor D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial -for 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to lei trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to sideNext the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever. Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviors like communal exploring and playing. This could lead lo the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.The readiness of the rats lo befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels. "We'd assumed we'd have lo give its moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat. but that wasn't necessary," says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats arc to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals. "We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too," says Wiles.21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can .[A]pickup social signals from non-living rats[B]distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one[C]attain sociable trails through special training[D]send out warning messages to their fellow22.What did the social robot do during the experiment?[A]Il followed the social robot[B]It played with some toys.[C]It set the trapped rats free.[D]It moved around alone.23.According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they .[A] tried to practice a means of escape] expected it to do the same in return[C]wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24.James Wiles notes that rats .[A] can remember other rat's facial features[B]differentiate smells better than sizes[C]respond more to cations than to looks[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25.It can be learned from the text that rats .[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings[B]are more socially active than other animals[C]behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText 2It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typicalworkers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has. by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%. The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other worker; in the U.S. economy.Today's CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills than simply being able to "run the company". CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slip up can be significant. Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling plus, virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid lo outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say. stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.26.Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?[A]The growth in the number of corporations[B]The general pay rise with a belter economy[C]Increased business opportunities for top firms[D]Close cooperation among leading economiespared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to .[A]foster a stronger sense of teamwork[B]finance more research and development[C]establish closer ties with tech companies[D]operate more globalized companies28.CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite .[A]continual internal opposition[B]strict corporate governance[C]conservative business strategies[D]Repeated government warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps ..[A]confirm the status of CEOs[B]motivate inside candidates[C]boost the efficiency of CEOs[D]increase corporate value30.The most suitable title for this text would be .[A]CEOs Are Not Overpaid[B]CEO Pay: Past and Present[C]CEOs' challenges of Today[D]CEO Traits: Not Easy to DefineText 3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election daylater, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centerpiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. Bui with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That's because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers-who must pay tees or buy better vehicles-rat her than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It's not that measures such as London's Ulez arc useless. Far from iL Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits -fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.They are acting because national governments-Brilliant’s and others across Europe-have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas -city centers, "school streels", even individual roads-are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimize pollution. We' re doing even-thing but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31.Which of the following is true about Madrid's clean air zone?[A]Its effects are questionable[B]It has been opposed by a judge[C]It needs tougher enforcement[D]Its fate is yet to be decided32.Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?[A]They are biased against car manufacturers.[B]They prove impractical for city councils.[C]They are deemed too mild for politicians.[D]They put too much burden on individual motorists.33.The author believes that the extension of London's Ulez will .[A]arouse strong resistance.[B]ensure Khan's electoral success.[C]improve the city's traffic.[D]discourage car manufacturing.34.Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?[A]Local residents[B]Mayors.[C]Councilors.[D]National governments.35.Il can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies .[A]will raise low-emission car production[B]should be forced to follow regulations [CJ will upgrade the design of their vehicles [D] should be put under public supervisionText 4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring-the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995. give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's lighter than it's been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If "entitled" is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied lo millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and experts who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years. Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The boom economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency especially for those who have college debt, College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $l. 5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that 8 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students,meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment(followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal(work-life balance was number one),followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.36. Generation Zs graduating college this spring[A] are recognized for their abilities[B] are in favor of job offers[C] are optimistic about the labor market[D] are drawing growing public attention37. Generation Zs are keenly aware[A] what a tough economic situation is like[B] what their parents expect of them[C] how they differ from past generations[D] how valuable a counselor’s advice is38. The word "assuage"(line 9, para 2) is closet in meaning to[A] define[B] relieve[C] maintain[D] deepen39. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation[A] care little about their performance[B] give top priority to professional training[C] think it hard to achieve work-life balance[D] have a clear idea about their future job40. Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation ZS are[A] less realistic[B] less adventurous[C] more diligent[D]more generousPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings, which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Give compliments, just not too many.[A]Put on a good face, always.[B]Tailor your interactions.|D] Spend time with everyone.[D]Reveal, don't hide, information.[E]Slow down and listen.[F]Put yourselves in others, shoes.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possible to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people, much less50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.41. _____If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay light-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness. The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them. you should just be honest.42._____lust as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or compliment. Those are all valid but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don’t value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers ina genuine, back-and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43._____It's common to have a "cubicle mate" or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to grow your internal network, in addition to being a nice break in the work day44. _____Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don't have to be someone’s boss tell them theydid an unexceptional job on a particular project. This will help engender good will inothers. But don’t over do it or be fake about it. One study found that people responded best comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45. _____This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward. Jokes that work one person won't necessarily land with another. So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you' re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.Section II Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET(15 points)It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as "the end of the world." Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lesson we' re meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they' re how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.Section III WritingPart A47.Directions: Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of international students. Write an email to1)tell them about the site, and2)give them some tips for the tour Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name, use "Li Ming" instead (10 points)Part B48.Directions: Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)2020考研英语二真题及答案1、tricky2、forexample3、fortunately4、assist5、while6、task7、tolerant8、push9、inevitable10、harsh11、turnback12、however13、regret14、affect15、cool16、importance17、confronted18、hard19、changing20、escape1-20答案:DCBDC CBCAB ADBCA DBCCC text 121.A.pick up social signals from non-living rats22.D.It moved around alone.23.B.expected it to do the same in return24.C.respond more to actions to looks25. D.are more sensitive to social than expectedtext 226. D.increased business opportunities for top firms27. A.operate more globalized companies28. C.strict corporate governance29.A.increase corporate value30. B.CEOs are not overpaidtext 331.B. Its fate is yet to be decided32. C. They put the burden on individual motorists.33.D. arouse strong resistance34.D. national governance35.A. should be forced to follow regulationstext 436. C.are drawing growing attention37. B.what a tough economic situation is like38. C.relieve39. A.have a clear idea about future jobs.40. Lessadventurous2020考研英语二真题及答案:新题型阅读41. Reveal,don’t hide information42. Slowdown & listen43. Spendtime with everyone44. Givecompliment just not too often45. tailor your interaction21-45答案:ADBBDDDCAA BCDDACBCAC FGEBD翻译题参考答案:人的一生总要经历一些失败。
2020考研英语二试题及答案解析
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2020考研英语⼆试题及答案解析绝密☆启⽤前2020年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语(⼆)试题及答案解析(科⽬代码:204)考⽣注意事项1.答题前,考⽣须在试题册指定位置上填写考⽣姓名和考⽣编号;在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考⽣姓名和考⽣编号,并涂写考⽣编号信息点。
2.考⽣须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下,粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。
不按规定粘贴条形码⽽影响试卷结果的,责任由考⽣⾃负。
3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上,⾮选择题的答案必须书写在答题纸指定位置的边框区域内。
超出答题区域写的答案⽆效;在草稿纸、试题册上答题⽆效。
4.填(书)写部分必须使⽤⿊⾊字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写,字迹⼯整、笔迹清楚;涂写部分必须使⽤2B铅笔填涂。
5.考试结束,将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
(以下信息考⽣必须认真填写)考⽣编号考⽣姓名2020年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语(⼆)试题SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A], [B],[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET1. (10points)Being a good parent is what every parent would like to be.But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very_1_,particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting.A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than,_2_,a younger one._3_,there's another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to_4_:a patient parent.Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.Still,_5_every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy_6_.Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a_7_ and composed style with their kids.I understand this.You're only human,and sometimes your kids can_8_you just a little too far.And then the _9_happens:You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too_10_and does nobody any good.You wish that youcould_11_the clock and start over.We've all been there._12_,even though it's common,it's important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue,you can say something to your child that you may_13_for a long time.This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also_14_your child's self-esteem.If you consistently lose your_15_with your kids,then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the_16_of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when_17_by stress is one of the most important of all life's skills.Certainly,it's incredibly_18_to maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to try,to the best of your ability,to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with_19_situations involving your children.I can promiseyou this:As a result of working toward this goal,you and your children will benefit and_20_from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1.[A]tedious[B]pleasant[C]instructive[D]tricky2.[A]in addition[B]for example[C]at once[D]by accident3.[A]Fortunately[B]Occasionally[C]Accordingly[D]Eventually4.[A]amuse[B]assist[C]describe[D]train5.[A]while[B]because[C]unless[D]once6.[A]answer[B]task[C]choice[D]access7.[A]tolerant[B]formal[C]rigid[D]critical8.[A]move[B]drag[C]push[D]send9.[A]mysterious[B]illogical[C]suspicious[D]inevitable10.[A]boring[B]naive[C]harsh[D]vague11.[A]turn back[B]take apart[C]set aside[D]cover up12.[A]Overall[B]Instead[C]However[D]Otherwise13.[A]like[B]miss[C]believe[D]regret14.[A]raise[B]affect[C]justify[D]reflect15.[A]time[B]bond[C]race[D]cool16.[A]nature[B]secret[C]importance[D]context17.[A]cheated[B]defeated[C]confused[D]confronted18.[A]terrible[B]hard[C]strange[D]wrong19.[A]trying[B]changing[C]exciting[D]surprising20.[A]hide[B]emerge[C]withdraw[D]escapeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B], [C]or[D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial—for 5our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computermouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever. Across18trials each,the living rats were52percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.Thissuggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviors like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels."We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn't necessary,"says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals."We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,"says Wiles.21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can____.[A]pick up social signals from non-living rats[B]distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one[C]attain sociable traits through special training[D]send out warning messages to their fellow22.What did the social robot do during the experiment?[A]It followed the social robot[B]It played with some toys[C]It set the trapped rats free[D]It moved around alone23.According to Quinn,the rats released the social robot because they____.[A]tried to practice a means of escape[B]expected it to do the same in return[C]wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24.James Wiles notes that rats____.[A]can remember other rat's facial features[B]differentiate smells better than sizes[C]respond more to cations than to looks[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25.It can be learned from the text that rats____.[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings[B]are more socially active than other animals[C]behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText2Why CEOs Actually Deserve Their Gazillion-Dollar SalariesBy Tyler CowenApril11,2019IDEASCowen is Holbert L.Harris Chair of Economics at George Mason University and the author most recently of Big-Business:A love Letter to an American Anti-Hero.It is fashionable today to bash Big Business.And there is one issue on which the many critics agree:CEO pay.We hear that CEOs are paid too much(or too much relative to workers), or that they rig others'pay,or that their pay is insufficiently related to positive outcomes.But the more likely truth is CEO pay is largely caused by intense competition.It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make300times the pay of typical workers on average,and since the mid-1970s,CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates,gone up by about500%.The typical CEO of a top American corporation—from the350largest such companies—now makes about$18.9millon a year.While individual cases of over payment definitely exist,in general,the determinants of CEO pay are not so mysterious and not so mired in corruption.In fact,overall CEO compensation for the top companies rises pretty much in|lockstep with the value of those companies on the stockmarket.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay,though,is that of|limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.The efforts of Americas highest-earning1%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.Its not popular to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the US.economy.Today’s CEO,at least for major American firms,must have many more skills than simply being able to"run the company.CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slip up can be significant.Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries.To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling. There is yet another trend:virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies,one way or another.An agribusiness company,for instance,may focus on R&D in highly IT-intensive areas such as genome sequencing.Similarly,it is hard to do a good job running the Walt Disney Company just by picking good movie scripts and courting stars;you also need to build a firm capable of creating significant CGl products for animated movies at the highest levels of technical sophistication and with many frontier innovations along the way.On top of all of this,major CEOs still have to do the job they have always done—which includes motivatingemployees,serving as an internal role model helping to define and extend a corporate culture,understanding the internal accounting,and presenting budgets and business plans to the board.Good CEOs are some of the world's most potent creators and have some of the very deepest skills of understanding.26.Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise____.[A]The growth in the number of cooperations[B]The general pay rise with a better economy[C]Increased business opportunities for top firms[D]Close cooperation among leading economics/doc/1d2d2135d6d8d15abe23482fb4daa58da0111cb4.html pared with their predecessors,today's CEOs are required to____.[A]foster a stronger sense of teamwork[B]finance more research and development[C]establish closer ties with tech companies[D]cooperate more globalized companies28.High CEO pay has been rising since the1970s despite____.[A]continual internal opposition[B]strict corporate governance[C]conservative business strategies[D]repeated governance warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps____.[A]confirm the status of CEOs[B]motive inside candidates[C]boost the efficiency of CEOs[D]increase corporate value30.The most suitable title for this text would be____.[A]CEOs Are Not Overpaid[B]CEO Pay:Past and Present[C]CEOs’Challenges of Today[D]CEO Traits:Not Easy to DefineText3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.Seven months and one election day later,a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone,a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign,despite its success in improving air quality.A judge has now overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines,ordering them reinstated.But with legal battles ahead,the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses,the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious,and therefore vulnerable.That's because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air onto individual drivers-who must pay fees or buy better vehicles-rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London.The new ultra-low emissionzone(Ulez)is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election.And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in202I as he intends,it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless.Far from it.Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents'health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality,and the science tells us that means real health benefits-fewer heart attacks,strokes and premature births,less cancer,dementia and asthma.Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.They are acting because national governments-Britain's and others across Europe-have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas-city centres,"school streets", even individual roads-are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimize pollution.We're doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31.Which of the following is true about Madrid’s clean air zone?[A]Its effects are questionable.[B]It has been opposed by a judge.[C]Its fate is yet to be decided.[D]It needs tougher enforcement.32.Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?[A]They are biased against car manufacturers.[B]They prove impractical for city councils.[C]They are deemed too mild for politicians.[D]They put too much burden on individual motorists.33.The author believes that the extension of London’s Ulez will____.[A]arouse strong resistance.[B]ensure Khan’s electoral success.[C]improve the city’s traffic.[D]discourage car manufacturing.34.Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?[A]Local residents[B]Mayors.[C]Councilors.[D]National governments.35.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies____.[A]will raise low-emission car production[B]should be forced to follow regulations[C]will upgrade the design of their vehicles[D]should be put under public supervisionText4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring the-most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after1995,give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks.Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that’s tighter than it's been in decades.And employers are planning on hiring about17percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S.this year than last,according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers.Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If"entitled"is the most common adjective,fairly or not,applied to millennials(those born between1981and1995),the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious.According to the career counselors and experts who study them Generation Zs are clear-eyed economic pragmatists.Despite graduating into the best economy in the past50years.Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like.They were impressionable kids during the crash of2008,when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both.They aren’t interested in taking any chances.The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency,especially for those who have college debt.College loan balances in the U.S.now stand at a record$l.5trillion,according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that88percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind.Ina2019survey of University of Georgia students,meanwhile,the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment(followed by professional development and training,and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal(work-life balance wasnumber one),followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.36.Generation Zs graduating college this spring____.[A]are recognized for their abilities.[B]are optimistic about the labor market.[C]are in favor of office job offers.[D]are drawing growing public attention.37.Generation Zs are keenly aware____.[A]What their parents expect of them[B]How valuable a counselor’s advice is[C]What a tough economic situation is like[D]How they differ from past generation38.The word“assuage”(line9,paragraph2)is closest in meaning to____.[A]deepen[B]define[C]maintain[D]relieve39.It can be learned from Para.3that Generation Zs____.[A]give top priority to professional training[B]have a clear idea about their future jobs[C]care little about their job performance[D]think it hard to achieve work-life balance40.Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials,Gener ation Zs are____.[A]less realistic[B]less adventurous[C]more diligent[D]more generousPart BDirections:Rend the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs(1-4).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET(10points)[A]Give compliments,just not too many[B]Put on a good face always[C]Tailor your interactions[D]Spend time with everyone[E]Reveal,don't hide,information[F]Slow down and listen[G]Put yourselves in others’shoesFive Ways to win Over Everyone in the officeIs it possible to like everyone in your office?Think about ow tough it is to get together15 people,much less50,who all get along perfectly.But unlike in friendships,you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.41_______________if you have a bone to pack with someone in your workplace you may try sty tight-lipped round them.But you wont be helping ether one of you.A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly,while those who hid lost trustworthiness.The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book,but rather,when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them you should just be honest.42_______________Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receive to others.We often feel the need to tell others how we feel,whether it’s a concern about a project a stray thought or a complaint.Those are all valid,but you need to take time to ear out your coworkers,too.In fat, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don’t value their opinions.Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine,back-and-forth conversation,rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43_______________It's common to have a"cubicle mate"or special confidant in a work setting.But in addition to those trusted coworkers,you should expand your onions and find out about all the people around/doc/1d2d2135d6d8d15abe23482fb4daa58da0111cb4.html e your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don’t always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job.It requires minimal effort and goes a long way.This will help to grow your internal network,in addition to being a nice break in the workday.44_______________Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear.And you don’t have to be someone’s boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project.This will help engender good will in others.But don’t overdo it or be fake about it.One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45_______________This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off,but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction.Watch out for how they verbalize with others.Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters,while other are more straightforward.Jokes that work one person won’t necessarily land with another.So,adapt your style accordingly to type.Consider the person that you’re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese,write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)It’s almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure.People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere.Put simply,they’re not really living at all.But,the wonderful thing about failure is that it’s entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as“the end of the world”,or as proof of just how inadequate we are.Or,we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is.Every time we fail at something,we can choose to look for the lesson we’re meant to learn.These lessons are very important;they’re how we grow,and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance,failure can help you discover how strong a person you are.Failure at something can help you discover your truest fiends,or help you findunexpected motivation to succeed.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you are planning a tour of historical site for a group of a international students1)say something about the site2)give some tips for the tourYou should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name at the end of the/doc/1d2d2135d6d8d15abe23482fb4daa58da0111cb4.html e“Li Ming”instead. Do not write the address.(10points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your commentsYou should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2020年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语(⼆)试题答案SectionⅠUse of English1.D.tricky2.B.for example3.A.Fortunately4.C.describe5.A.while6.B.task7.A.tolerant8.C.push9.D.inevitable10.C.harsh11.A.turn back12.C.However13.D.regret14.B.affect15.D.cool16.C.importance17.D.confronted18.B.hard19.A.trying20.B.emergeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart AText121.A.pick up social signals from non-living rats22.D.It moved around alone.23.B.expected it to do the same in return24.C.respond more to actions to looks25.D.are more sensitive to social than expected Text226.C.increased business opportunities for top firms27.D.cooperate more globalized companies28.B.strict corporate governance29.D.increase corporate value30.A.CEOs are not overpaidText331.C.Its fate is yet to be decided32.D.They put the burden on individual motorists.33.A.arouse strong resistance34.D.national governance35.D.should be forced to follow regulationsText436.D.are drawing growing attention37.C.what a tough economic situation is like38.D.relieve39.B.have a clear idea about future jobs40.B.less adventurousPart B41.E.Reveal,don't hide information42.F.Slow down&listen43.D.Spend time with everyone44.A.Give compliment,just not too many45.C.Tailor your interactionSection III Translation⼈的⼀⽣⼏乎不可能不经历某种失败。
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2020考研英语阅读冲刺模拟题及答案(2)As Gilbert White,Darwin,and others observed long ago,all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation. The task for ecologists is to untangle the environmental and biological factors that hold this intrinsic capacity for population growth in check over the long run. The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibited by different population makes this task more difficult:some populations remain roughly constant from year to year others exhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity still others vary wildly,with outbreaks and crashes that are in some cases plainly correlated with the weather,and in other cases not.To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns,one school of thought proposes dividing populations into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steady populations have density-dependent growth parameters that is,rates of birth,death,and migration which depend strongly on population density. The highly varying populations have density-independent growth parameters,with vital rates buffeted by environmental events these rates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of population density.This dichotomy has its uses,but it can cause problems if taken too literally. For one thing,no population can be drivenentirely by density-independent factors all the time. No matter how severely or unpredictably birth,death,and migration rates may be fluctuating around their long-term averages,if there were no density-dependent effects,the population would,in the long run,either increase or decrease without bound (barring a miracle by which gains and losses canceled exactly)。
Put another way,it may be that on average 99 percent of all deaths in a population arise from density-independent causes,and only one percent from factors varying with density. The factors making up the one percent may seem unimportant,and their cause may be correspondingly hard to determine. Yet,whether recognized or not,they will usually determine the long-term average population density.In order to understand the nature of the ecologist''s investigation,we may think of the density-dependent effects on growth parameters as the signal ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret,one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones,while the density-independent effects act to produce noise in the population dynamics. For populations that remain relatively constant,or that oscillate around repeated cycles,the signal can be fairly easily characterized and its effects described,even though the causative biological mechanism may remain unknown. For irregularly fluctuating populations,we are likely to have too few observations to have any hope of extracting the signal from the overwhelming noise. But it now seems clear that all populations are regulated by a mixture of density-dependent anddensity-independent effects in varying proportions.1.The author of the text is primarily concerned with[A] discussing two categories of factors that control population growth and assessing their relative importance.[B] describing how growth rates in natural populations fluctuate over time and explaining why these changes occur.[C] proposing a hypothesis concerning population size and suggesting ways to test it.[D] posing a fundamental question about environmental factors in population growth and presenting some currently accepted answer.2.It can be inferred from the text that the author considers the dichotomy discussed to be[A] applicable only to erratically fluctuating populations.[B] instrumental,but only if its limitations are recognized.[C] dangerously misleading in most circumstances.[D] a complete and sufficient way to account for observed phenomena.3.According to the text,all of the following behaviors have been exhibited by different populations EXCEPT[A] roughly constant population levels from year to year.[B] regular cycles of increases and decreases in numbers.[C] erratic increases in numbers correlated with the weather.[D] unchecked increases in numbers over many generations.4.The discussion concerning population in the third paragraph serves primarily to[A] demonstrate the difficulties ecologists face in studying density-dependent factors limiting population growth.[B] advocate more rigorous study of density-dependent factors in population growth.[C] prove that the death rates of any population are never entirely density-independent.[D] underline the importance of even small density-dependent factors in regulating long-term population densities.5. In the text,the author does all of the following EXCEPT[A] cite the views of other biologists.[B] define a basic problem that the text addresses.[C] present conceptual categories used by other biologists.[D] describe the results of a particular study.[考点解析]1.「答案」A「考点解析」这是一道中心主旨题。