中国戏剧英文介绍课件PPT

Introduction of operas in different period
Yuan Dynasty
1、Definition： Yuan zaju(元杂剧) were poetic and musical dramas,
in four (or, occasionally, five) acts, with the "act" defined as a set of songs following and completing a certain musical modal progression The zaju featured particular specialized roles for performers, such as Dan (旦, dàn, female), Sheng (生, shēng, male), Hua (花, huā, painted-face) and Chou (丑, chŏu, clown).
The Development of Chinese Opera
Famous works: 窦娥冤（关汉 卿）、汉宫秋（马致远）
Extension phase: In Ming dynasty, Kunqu grew up on the regions south of Yangtze River(江南).
The Development of Chinese Opera
Forming stage: Primitive society (to satisfy people’s spiritual need)
社火、秧歌、傩戏
Booming period: In Yuan dynasty, commercial and professional performing group emerged.
2 、 Reason ： (1) art development—— Chinese Opera has developed for a long time, so it became more mature in interior structure and external performance; (2)Social reality—— the traditional poetry has been declining, so scholars treated the dramas as a new land to exploit; and under the control of Mongol nationality, scholars had to make a living by writing dramas for the theatres because of the abolishment of Imperial Competitive Examination(科举考试).
Colourful masks and various roles
1.生是戏曲表演行当的主要类型之一，扮演男性人物。 （分为老生、小生，武生。） 2.旦：正旦——主要扮演娴静庄重的青年、中年妇女。重 唱功，多用韵白。因常穿青素褶子，故又名“青衣”。
花旦——多扮演性格明快活泼的青年女性。 此外，还有武旦，老旦等。 3.净：俗称花脸。以面部化妆运用各种色彩和图案勾勒脸 谱为突出标志，扮演性格、气质、相貌上有特异之点的男 性角色。 4.丑：丑戏曲表演行当主要类型之一，喜剧角色。 。扮演 人物种类繁多，有的心地善良，幽默滑稽；有的奸诈刁恶， 悭吝卑鄙。
Opera)、 秦腔（Shanxi Opera）、黄梅戏 (Huangmei Opera) 。
Colourful masks and various roles
White: Sinister, evil, crafty, treacherous, and suspicious. Anyone wearing a white mask is usually the villain. Green: Impulsive, violent, no self restraint or self control. Red: Brave, loyal. Black: Rough, fierce, or impartial. Yellow: Ambitious, fierce, coolheaded. Blue: Steadfast, someone who is loyal and sticks to one side no matter what.era
Heyday: In the late Ming and early Qing dynasty, Chinese Opera welcomed a prosperous time with Beijing Opera coming up.
Introduction of operas in different period
Yuan Dynasty
3、Famous playwrights and Representatives： Guan Hanqing关汉卿 The Injustice to Dou E（窦娥冤） Wang Shifu王实甫Romance of the West Chamber（西厢记）
Introduction of Chinese opera and music
中国戏曲主要是由民间歌舞、说唱和滑稽戏三种不 同艺术形式综合而成。它起源于原始歌舞，是一种 历史悠久的综合舞台艺术样式。经过汉、唐到宋、 金才形成比较完整的戏曲艺术，它由文学、音乐、 舞蹈、美术、武术、杂技以及表演艺术综合而成， 约有三百六十多个种类。它的特点是将众多艺术形 式以一种标准聚合在一起，在共同具有的性质中体 现其各自的个性。比较著名的戏曲种类有：京剧 （Beijing Opera）、昆曲(Kunqu)、越剧(Shaoxing