科技英语翻译

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大学英语四六级翻译--科技类词汇(精炼版)

大学英语四六级翻译--科技类词汇(精炼版)

四六级翻译——科技类词汇1.科技园science and technology park2.高新技术开发区high-tech industrial zones3.信息产业IT (Information Technology)4.电器设备electrical appliance5.电子设备electronic device6.电子商务e-commerce7.人工智能artificial intelligience8.先进技术advanced technology9.尖端技术state-of-the-art technology10.载人航天飞行manned space flight11.发射成功successful launch12.自然科学natural science13.新兴学科new branch of science14.科技成果research achievements15.科学发展观concept of scientific development16.科教兴国revitalize China through science and education17.可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development18.科技基础设施science and technology infrastructure19.专利,专利权patent20.生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture21.物种起源origin of species22.生物工程bio-technology23.基因工程genetic engineering24.转基因食品GM food (genetically modified food)25.技术产权technology property right26.科技含量technology content27.电脑病毒computer virus28.黑客hacker29.垃圾邮件junk mail30.数码科技digital technology31.虚拟社区virtual community32.网络空间cyber space 网络文化cyber culture33.网民netizen34.克隆cloning 激光laser35.纳米nanometer 粒子particle36.太阳能/ 核能/ 原子能solar/ nuclear/ atomic energy37.突飞猛进advance by leaps and bounds38.技术创新technological innovation39.中国科学院the Chinese Academy of Science40.科学技术是第一生产力Science and technology constitute the foremost productive forces.41.科技前沿the forefront of science and technology42.科技发明的传播和交流dissemination and exchanges of advanced scientific andtechnological inventions。

科技英语的翻译技巧

科技英语的翻译技巧

摘要:本文主要阐述了科技英语的翻译技巧以及应遵循的准则关键词:科技英语;被动语态;名词化结构我们科技工作者在工作中经常需要了解国际国内交通发展的状况,借鉴国内外先进的科学技术或进行学术交流,这样不可避免地要翻阅大量的外文书刊和杂志。

虽然我们在学习普通英语的基础上掌握了几千个单词的词汇量,但对科技英文书刊的查阅仍有较大的困难。

科技英语(English for science and Technology,通常略为EST ),它之所以能同普通英语分道扬镳,形成一门独立的学科,很重要的原因在于它有不同于普通英语的特点,笔者根据自己多年的翻译经验,认为我们要掌握其中的几种技巧。

一、首先要拥有一本好的科技词典学习普通英语几年以后,你大约掌握几千个单词的词汇量,这时你就会发现英语拥有极其丰富多彩的词汇,但在科技文章中,又会对大量的专业词汇和术语而头疼。

有些词晦涩难懂,大而长,看起来吓人,如posttention(后张拉力),prefabricate(预制),意义比较简单,只要查一下词典就行。

有些词在文章中起着举足轻重的作用。

光凭上下文含义猜测其中的含义是行不通的。

另外有许多词比如negotiate这比较常见的是“谈判”的意思,但是当它出现在“negotiate a bad turn”这个词组中,译成“谈判”就不合适,查查词典就知道是“顺利通过”的意思,所以翻译时选择在具体语言环境中最恰当。

一本好的科技词典可以成为你的良师益友,为此笔者推荐《英汉道路词典》《汉英科技大词典》两本较好的词典。

二、科技英语中大量使用被动语态被动语态在普通英语中是最基本的语法,简单易学。

科技英语中大量使用被动语态,不是为了追求文章语言的艺术美,而是为了讲求叙述文章的客观,语言简洁,结构严谨,和普通英语文章有着显著不同,加深读者对所叙述事物的深刻印象,摒弃不必要的东西。

例如:1. Most primary highways are built and cared for by state governments. 大部分主要的公路都是由联邦政府建造和管理。

科技英语翻译(1)

科技英语翻译(1)
科技英语写作与翻译
ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Historically,“three peaks”in translation movements:东汉至唐宋的Buddhism scripture 的翻译、明末清初的科技翻译、鸦片 战争至‘五四“ 的西学翻译。( First Opium War (Britain’s invasion of China, 1840-1842) In terms of scope, quality, and contribution to the development of the nation, the current one is unprecedented.
形象生动,句式简单,强烈的审美意识, 文字生动而感人。
专业术语,正式的客观描述词汇,较长的
名词化结构,客观事实,文字严谨而客观。
2. 与英语口语文体的对比 An old lady who was listening exclaimed: It beats all how folks do things nowadays. When I was a gal, they made a hole in each end of an egg and sucked. A young lady back home from school was explaining. “ Take an egg.” She said, “ and make a perforation in the base and a corresponding one in the apex, then apply the lips to the aperture, and by forcibly inhaling the breath, the shell is entirely discharged of its contents.”

科技英语翻译

科技英语翻译

科技英语翻译科技英语(English for Science and Technology,简称EST)是从事科学技术活动时所使用的英语,是英语的一种变体(科技文体)。

科技英语自70年代以来引起了人们的广泛关注和研究,目前已发展成为一种重要的英语语体。

本节所讨论的科技英语主要指描述、探讨自然科学各专业的著作、论文、实验报告,科技实用手段(包括仪器、仪表、机械、工具等)的结构描述和操作说明等。

一、科技英语的文体特点科技英语由于其内容、使用域和语篇功能的特殊性,也由于科技工作者长期以来的语言使用习惯,形成了自身的一些特点,使其在许多方面有别于日常英语、文学英语等语体。

这些特点主要表现在词汇和句法两个层面上:(一)词汇层面(1)专业术语多。

专业术语指某一学科领域所特有或专用的语汇,其词义常不为专业外读者所明白,如cryogenics (低温学)、norepinephrine (新肾上腺素)等。

这些专业术语的特点是:a. 词形较长,大多含有源于拉丁语、希腊语和法语的词根、词缀。

这类词语的语义范围较为狭窄,意义较为明确固定,符合科技英语准确明晰的要求。

如:nucleonics (核子学),semisomnus (半昏迷),autoradiography (自动射线照相术),excoriation (表皮脱落)等。

b. 多复合词。

人们常常通过各种构词方法创造出一些复合词来表示科技发展中出现的新事物,如radiophotography (无线电传真),anti-armored fighting vehicle missile(反装甲车导弹)等。

c. 多缩略词。

为使用便利和节省时间,科技英语同经贸英语一样,也有许多缩略词,如cpd (compound化合物),FM (frequency modulation 调频),telesat(telecommunications satellite通讯卫星)等。

(2)准专业术语和词汇多。

科技英语的特点与翻译

科技英语的特点与翻译

科技英语的特点与翻译一、科技英语的特点科技英语(English for science and technology,EST)指与用于科学和技术交流方面的英语口语和书面语。

作为一种重要的英语语体,其特点主要体现在以下几个方面。

1、词汇方面大量使用专业词汇、复合词、缩略词及利用前后缀构成的派生词。

专业词汇意义专一,用来表示明确的含义。

科技词汇多源于希腊语和拉丁语,是因为这两种语言作为英语的重要来源,是世界上成熟最早和最完备的语言中的两种,词汇不再发生词形、词义上的变化,具有稳定性。

2、句子方面多使用长句和被动语态,大量使用名词化结构(nominalization)和非限定动词。

另外,各种成份(如介词短语、形容词及其短语、副词、分词及从句等)作定语并后置,多使用It…that…结构句型、被动结构句型、as结构句型、分词短语结构句型和省略句结构句型等常用句型。

名词化结构有利于行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切,也可使所含信息量增大,尤其是科技英语强调存在的事实,而非个别行为。

不定式短语、-ing分词短语和-ed分词短语这三种非限定动词形式具有齐备的语法功能,可代替各种从句,这样既可缩短句子,行文简练,结构紧凑,又比较醒目。

3、形态方面科技英语在时态运用上有限,多用过去时和现在时。

尤其是多用一般现在时,以表述无时间性的科学定义、定理、公式、现象、过程等。

另外,科技英语多用逻辑性语法词(logical grammatical operators),如表示原因的如because (of)、due (owing) to、as (a result of)、caused by、for等,表示语气转折的如but、however、nevertheless、otherwise、yet 等,表示逻辑顺序的如so、therefore、thus、furthermore、moreover、in addition to等。

4、文体方面科技英语注重行文的连贯(coherence)、清晰(clarity)、流畅(fluency),避免行文晦涩、表露个人感情、过多运用修辞手法等。

《科技英语翻译》 .pdf

《科技英语翻译》 .pdf

《科技英语翻译》 课程名称课程名称
科技英语翻译 课程编号课程编号 2120238 英文名称英文名称
Scientific English Translation 课程类型课程类型 本专业推荐选修课 学时学时
36 其中其中::理论学时理论学时 36 实验学时实验学时 实践学时实践学时 学分学分 2 预修课程预修课程 基础英语,笔译、口译等 适用对象适用对象 英语专业三年级
课程简介课程简介
本课程帮助学生了解科技英语的特点,通过英汉两种语言的对比和大量的译例在词的层面上介绍科技英语英汉互译的一系列常用的翻译方法和技巧;通过大量的译例在句子和篇章的层面上,介绍具有普遍性和典型性的翻译方法和技巧。

拓宽对各领域科技知识和对英语科技材料的阅读理解,掌握生命科学、应用生物学、生态学、环境科学、电子、计算机、能源、
生物技术与农业等学科的常识性科技知识和相关的科技英语词汇,培养学生翻译科技英语材料的基本素质,达到能够利用工具书翻译一般性的科技文章。

译文要求基本通顺、达意,符合科技语言的要求。

科技英语翻译

科技英语翻译

第一章概论1.科技英语翻译的概念翻译包括口译和笔译.在笔译中,又可分为科技翻译、文学翻译、政论文翻译和应用文翻译等等.翻译就是“把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来".因而,翻译本身并不是一门独立的创造性科学,它既带有创造性,又带有科学性,它是用语言表达的一门艺术,是科学性的再创作。

随着国际学术交流的日益广泛,科技英语已经受到普遍的重视,掌握一些科技英语的翻译技巧是非常必要的。

科技英语(English for Science and Technology,简称EST)。

作为一种重要的英语文体,与非科技英语文体相比,具有词义多、长句多、被动句多、词性转换多、非谓语动词多、专业性强等特点,这些特点都是由科技文献的内容所决定的.因此,科技英语的翻译也有别于其他英语文体的翻译。

2. 科技英语翻译的标准及要求科技英语的语域特征有别于其它语篇体裁。

充分认识和把握好科技英语的语体特征,对于研究科技翻译的标准,从而真正实现翻译中的语际意义转换,达到功能对等具有重要意义.综合以上分析,科技英语翻译的标准及要求可定位于以下几方面。

(一)准确性科技英语由于语场,语旨而决定其翻译也有别于其它翻译形式。

对于一般翻译,译文必须忠实于原文内容。

科技英语翻译除要忠实反映原文内容外,还要确保其信息传递的准确性.科技译文一般不用或很少用"可能",”大概"等模棱两可的修饰语言.因此,准确性是科技英语翻译最重要的标准。

失去了"准确性”,科技翻译就失去了灵魂(许树椿:4MNE)。

要保证科技译文的准确性,译者必须精心研究原文,充分理解原文,然后用准确流畅的译入语表达。

(二)通顺完整性通顺既包括译文的表达,也包括译文的完整.表达是译者在理解原文的基础上,把所理解的东西用另一种语言阐述的过程.这一过程必须在确切理解原文的前提下进行,并且在尽量保持原文表达形式的同时,必须保证译文合乎译入语的规范,行文尽量通顺流畅,简单明了,让读者一看就懂。

科技英语的翻译

科技英语的翻译

动词多倾向于行为动词。时态往往用一般现 在式。
倾向使用被动语态。
大量使用动词的非限定式,即分词、不定式 和动名词。
文体总貌
科技英语的显著特点是重叙事逻辑上的连贯 (coherence)及表达上的明晰(clarity)与畅达 (fluency);避免行文晦涩,坐着避免表露个人感 情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技论文 总是力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情 作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词。科技英语力求平 易、精确,因此尽力避免使用旨在加强语言感染 力和宣传效果的各种修饰词格,忌用夸张、借喻、 讽刺、反诘、双关等修辞手段,以免使读者产生 行文浮华、内容虚饰之感。
词类转换(n-v)
Despite the long-standing availability of effective antibiotics, particularly penicilin, pnemococcal disease continues to take a heavy death toll, particularly among people suffering from other chronic diseases.
Scientists thought that regular orbits of such faint particles were practically nonexistent. The idea has now been rejected by facts.
科学家原来以为这样微弱的粒子实际上是 不存在有规则的轨道的。这种看法现在已 经被事实否定了。
翻译练习
非限定动词
A canning tomato 一种供做罐头的西红柿
Infected children 受到感染的儿童

15.科技英语翻译

15.科技英语翻译

转化法 (conversion)
不通过任何词形上变化,直接转化为另一个词。在转 化过程中,词性有所改变而词义则与转化前的原义仍 保留有若干联系。 radio用无线电通讯(由名词词义“无线电”转化 而来) x-ray用x光检查(由名词词义“X光”转化而来) e-mail发电子邮件(由名词词义“电子邮件”转化 而来) clone使无性繁殖;复制(由名词词义“无性繁殖, 克隆”转化而来) format为„编排格式(由名词词义“格式”转化而 来)
情态动词can和may
这两个情态动词可用来表示客观可能性,而其他则多突出主 观性。
(1)You cannot get AIDS by working or attending school with someone who has the disease . 与艾滋病患者一起工作或上学不会传染上艾滋病。 (2)Anyone with a personal computer ,a modem and the necessary software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on. 任何人只要有一台个人电脑, 再有一个调制解调器和必要的软件, 就可以把电脑连接到电话线上,然后就能申请上网。 (3)The best way to improve urban air may be to curb the use of cars,even though modem car are far cleaner than earlier ones. 改善城市空气质量最好的办法可能还是控制汽车的使用,尽管现代 汽车比以前的汽车污染要小得多。 (4)There are many methods by which gastric resection may be accomplished. 胃切除可以用许多方法。

《科技英语翻译》课件

《科技英语翻译》课件

CATALOGUE
目录
Common problems and solutions in translating scientific EnglishTraining of Technical English Translation Talents
CHAPTER
Overview of Science and Technology English Translation
Developing reading habits in scientific English
By regularly reading scientific English literature, students can cultivate good reading habits in scientific English, improve reading speed and comprehension ability.
Understanding technical knowledge: Patent documents involve technical content in different fields. By translating patent documents, students can understand technical knowledge in different fields and improve their technical understanding ability.
Context Understanding
Technical English translation requires an understanding of the context in which the text is used Translators need to consider the intended audience, purpose, and domain specific knowledge to ensure accurate translation

科 技 英 语 翻 译

科 技 英 语 翻 译
例句:The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its performance.
操作机器需要懂得机器的一些性能。 原文中的两个名词“operation, knowledge”均译为 动词。
(2)被动语态多
据统计,被动语态的句子在科技英语中约占1/3,比 非科技英语中被动句出现的频率高一倍左右,这是因为:
5. The quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog. 那只敏捷的棕色狐狸跳过了一只懒惰的狗。
二 科技英语构词法
词是构成句子的要素,对词意理解的 好坏直接关系到翻译的质量。
所谓构词法即词的构成方法,即词在 结构上的规律。科技英语构词特点是外来 语多(很多来自希腊语和拉丁语);第二 个特点是构词方法多。除了非科技英语中 常用的三种构词法—转化、派生及合成法 外,还普遍采用压缩法、混成法、符号法 和字母象形法。
误译:力是任何倾向于产生或阻止运动的推或拉)
④The moment the circuit is completed, a current will start flowing toward the coil. 电路一接通,电流就开始流向线圈。 (the moment …一…就…) (误译:电路被完成这一片刻,一个电流将开 始流向这个线圈。)
否则就会误入歧途。科技英语的特点不仅表
现在科技内容上,而且还表现在其特有的语
言体系上。
二、 科技英语的主要特点 1、语法特点 主要表现在四多,即:
(1)词类转换多 所谓词类转换,即在翻译时将英文的某种词
类译成汉语的另一词类。产生这一现象的根本原 因在于英汉两种语言在表达方式上有很差别,因 此在翻译时,应符合各自的表达习惯。

科技英语的翻译

科技英语的翻译

• The way we live will also be affected. We shall work shorter hours and have more time for leisure. There will even be no need to travel to work. • 我们的生活方式也会受到影响:工时将会缩 短,闲暇增多;要办事,甚至不需要远行。




The researchers found a 12 percent reduction in the patients’ blood cholesterol from a level of 349 milligrams per 100 milliters of blood. 研究工作者们发现病人血内胆固醇从每100 毫升血液349毫克这一水平下降了12%。 the transfer of information from one part of the computer to another depends on the electrical current being conducted over wires. 信息从计算机的一个部分传送到另一个部分 靠的是电线中传导的电流。
科技问题的特点
词汇



一、常用词汇的专业化。如 splash/messenger 二、同一词语词义的多专业化。如 transmission/power 三、科技英语除以上两个手段大量吸收语 汇外,还通过现代英语构词法,构成极丰 富多样的科技词汇。
语法


一、词汇的名词化倾向。指抽象名词以及起 名词功用的非限定动词、名词连用。如: Illumination intensity determination = determination of the intensity of illumination 照明强度测定 Power transmission relay system= a relay system for power transmission 送电中继体系

科技英语原文及简单翻译

科技英语原文及简单翻译

科技英语原文及简单翻译How ASIMO WorksIntroduction to How ASIMO WorksWant a robot to cook your dinner, do your homework, clean your house, or get your groceries? Robots already do a lot of the jobs that we humans don't want to do, can't do, or simply can't do as well as our robotic counterparts.Honda engineers have been busy creating the ASIMO robot for more than 20 years. In this article, we'll find out what makes ASIMO the most advanced humanoid robot to date.The Honda Motor Company developed ASIMO, which stands for Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility, and is the most advanced humanoid robot in the world. According to the ASIMO Web site, ASIMO is the first humanoid robot in the world that can walk independently and climb stairs.Rather than building a robot that would be another toy, Honda wanted to create a robot that would be a helper for people -- a robot to help around the house, help the elderly, or help someone confined to a wheelchair or bed. ASIMO is 4 feet 3 inches (1.3 meters) high, This allows ASIMO to do the jobs it was created to do without being too big and menacing.ASIMO's Motion: Walk Like a HumanHonda researchers began by studying the legs of insects, mammals, and the motion of a mountain climber with prosthetic legs to better understand the physiology and all of the things that take place when we walk -- particularly in the joints. For example, the fact that we shift our weight using our bodies and especially our arms inorder to balance was very important in getting ASIMO's walking mechanism right. The fact that we have toes that help with our balance was also taken intoconsideration: ASIMO actually has soft projections on its feet that play a similar role to the one our toes play when we walk. This soft material also absorbs impact on the joints, just as our soft tissues do when we walk.ASIMO has hip, knee, and foot joints. Robots have joints that researchers refer to as \degrees of freedom.\A single degree of freedom allows movement either right and left or up and down. ASIMO has 34 degrees of freedom spread over different points of its body in order to allow it to move freely. There are three degrees of freedom in ASIMO's neck, seven on each arm and six on each leg. The number of degrees offreedom necessary for ASIMO's legs was decided by measuring human joint movement while walking on flat ground, climbing stairs and running.ASIMO also has a speed sensor and a gyroscope sensor mounted on its body. They perform the tasks of:? ?sensing the position of ASIMO's body and the speed at which it is moving relaying adjustments for balance to the central computer These sensors work similarly to our inner ears in the way they maintain balance and orientation.ASIMO also has floor surface sensors in its feet and six ultrasonic sensors in its midsection. These sensors enhance ASIMO's ability to interact with its environment by detecting objects around ASIMO and comparing gathered information with maps of the area stored in ASIMO's memory.To accomplish the job our muscles and skin do in sensing muscle power, pressure and joint angles, ASIMO has both joint-angle sensors and a six-axis force sensor.Unless you know a lot about robotics, you may not fully grasp the incredible milestone it is that ASIMO walks as we do. The most significant part of ASIMO's walk is the turning capabilities. Rather than having to stop and shuffle, stop and shuffle, and stop and shuffle into a new direction, ASIMO leans and smoothly turns just like a human. ASIMO can also self-adjust its steps in case it stumbles, is pushed, or otherwise encounters something that alters normal walking.In order to accomplish this, ASIMO's engineers had to find a way to work with the inertial forces created when walking. For example, the earth's gravity creates a force, as does the speed at which you walk. Those two forces are called the \inertial force.\ground, called the \posture has to work to make it happen. This is called the \zero moment point\(ZMP). To control ASIMO's posture, engineers worked on three areas of control:? ?Floor reaction control means that the soles of the feet absorb floor unevenness while still maintaining a firm stance.Target ZMP control means that when ASIMO can't stand firmly and its body begins to fall forward, it maintains position by moving its upper body in the direction opposite the impending fall. At the same time, it speeds up its walking to quickly counterbalance the fall.?Foot-planting location control kicks in when the target ZMP control has been activated. It adjusts the length of the step to regain the right relationship between the position and speed of the body and the length of the step.ASIMO's Motion: Smooth MovesASIMO can sense falling movements and react to them quickly; but ASIMO's engineers wanted more. They wanted the robot to have a smooth gait as well as do something that other robots can't do -- turn without stopping.When we walk around corners, we shift our center of gravity into the turn. ASIMO uses a technology called \predictive movement control,\Intelligent Real-Time Flexible Walking Technology or I-Walk, to accomplish that same thing. ASIMO predicts how much it should shift its center of gravity to the inside of the turn and how long that shift should be maintained. Because this technolgy works in real time, ASIMO can do this without stopping between steps, which other robots must do.Essentially, with every step ASIMO takes, it has to determine its inertia and then predict how its weight needs to be shifted for the next step in order to walk and turn smoothly. It adjusts any of the following factors in order to maintain the right position:? ? ? ?the length of its steps its body position its speedthe direction in which it is steppingWhile reproducing a human-like walk is an amazing achievement, ASIMO can now run at speeds up to 3.7 miles per hour (6 kilometers per hour). In order to qualify as a true running robot, ASIMO must have both feet off the ground for an instant in each step. ASIMO manages to be airborne for .08 seconds with each step while running. Honda engineers encountered an entirely new set of challenges while trying to give ASIMO the ability to run. They gave ASIMO’s torso a degree of freedom to aid in bending and twisting so that the robot could adjust its posture while airborne. Without this ability, ASIMOwould lose control while airborne, possibly spinning in the air or tripping when landing.In order to make turns smoothly while running, the engineers enhanced ASIMO's ability to tilt its center of gravity inside turns to maintain balance and counteractcentrifugal force. ASIMO could even anticipate turns and begin to lean into them before starting the turn, much like you would if you were skiing or skating.ASIMO如何工作介绍如何工作。

科技英语

科技英语
• • semi-(半) semiconductor semi-final anti- (抗,反)antibody anticlockwise
在科技英语翻译中,还有很多术语由词缀够成, 因此了解词缀多我们有很大帮助 。 (1).常见科技词汇前缀: interinterplay 相互 microtrans微 跨 microcosm transplant
3.复合词 (Compounding)
又称合成词,是由两个或两个以上的旧词合成一个 新词,如:
• • • • • • •
filed –test 现场测试 salt- former 卤素 by –product 副产品 feed-back 反馈 fire-resistant 耐火的 radiophotography(无线电传真 ) splashdown 溅落
转义词
普通含义
专业含义
• resistance • current • charge 荷, 充电 • circuit • relay 中转站 • field • burst
阻力, 抵抗, 敌对 电阻(值) 气流, 趋势, 当前的 电流 装载, 起诉, 负责, 载荷 电
周围, 巡回, 绕行 电路 接转, 接力 继电器, 中继器, 田野, 场地, 范围 爆炸, 胀裂 (电, 磁)场 脉冲
(2) A body can move uniformly and in a straight line, there being no cause to change that motion. • 如果没有改变物体运动的原因,那么物体将 作匀速直线运动. (3) Labor in the economic sense includes all human effort, either physical or mental, expended in the process of production. 在经济观念上,劳动就是人类在生产过程中消 耗的一切体力或脑力。
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1.译为无主语的“把”字句
• 在翻译原文不含by引导的被动句时,只是将汉语 的“把”字放在原文句子的主语之前,整个译文 句子没有主语。如: • All the sound are fed into a computer and analyzed. • 把所有的声音输进计算机进行分析。 • We have already established that light may be treated as a transverse electromagnetic wave. • 我们已经论证过,可以把光来当做横电波来处理。
二、it作形式主语的被动句的译法 二、it作形式主语的被动句的译法
• 在科技文章中,“it+被动语态谓语+主语从 句” 的句型非常多。翻译时 ,it一律应减 去,而把被动语态谓语拆译处理,整个句 子常译成汉语的无主句或加主语的主动句。
1、it译为无主语 it译为无主语
• 将it作形式主语的被动句译成无主句,汉语中常有 约定俗称的表达方式。如: • It should be noted that such layers with a lower velocity could be detected if account is also taken of shear waves. • 应该注意到,如果也考虑到切变波,则这类低速 层是可以探测到的。 • It is widely acknowledged that these materials can withstand strong stress and high temperature. • 普遍认为,这些材料能承受强大应力和高温。
总结
翻译的目的是为了很好地传达原文的涵义和思 想。所以翻译科技英语的被动句的过程中,我 们应该把握好两点: • (1)准确理解和把握英语原句中被动语句的涵 义; • (2)用原汁原味、地道的汉语准确地表达出原 句的含义。如果做到这两点,那么无论是多么 复杂的内容,我们也能翻译成地道、标准的汉 语,使科技英语的精华内容为我们所用。
四、把英语被动句中的施动者和受 动者在汉语句中翻译成因果关系
• 如果施动者是无生命的主体,而非人或动物,那 么一般情况下可以翻译成因果关系,这种方法符 合汉语的习惯表达,更自然流畅。例如: • Heat is constantly produced by the muscular and cellular activity of the body. • 由于肌肉和细胞的活动,身体不断产生热量。 • Masses of oxygen is produced in air by green plant’s photosynthesis to keep the living beings alive. • 由于植物的光合作用,空气中产生大量可供生物 生存的氧气。
2、增译主语
• 就是在译文中增加泛指的主语,如“人们”、 “有人”、“大家”、“我们”等。如: • It is believed that the original oxygen was formed by the separation of water into hydrogen and oxygen molecules in the upper atmosphere. • 人们认为最初的氧是由高层大气中的水分离为氢 和氧分子而形成的。 • It has long been known as a source of unusually strong radio signals. • 人们最早就知道那是一个异常强大的射电信号源。
一、将英语被动句翻译为 “把” 字句
所谓的“把”字句,是汉语中独有的一种句 型,在翻译有些英语的被动语态(无论有无 by引导的短语)时,可将汉语的“把”Байду номын сангаас by引导的短语)时,可将汉语的“把”字 放在原文句子的主语之前,即将原英语被动 句的主语转译成“把”字的宾语,并将整个 句子译为汉语的“把”字句。“把”字句有 两种译法:
三、把英语的被动句翻译成汉语的 判断句
• 如果英语句表达的是事实或是定义,那么 可以翻译成汉语的“……是……的”句型。 例如 • Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky. • 彩虹是阳光穿过天空中的小水滴时形成的。
2、译为带主语的“把”字句
• 如原文是含有by引导的被动句时,通常将by后面 的名词译为句子的主语,并同时省译介词by ,并 将整个句子译成汉语的带主语的“把”字句。如: • Machine parts of irregular shape can be washed very clean by ultrasonic waves. • 超声波能把形状不规则的机件冲洗得干干净净。 • Centrifugal force is applied to the earth by the moving vehicle. • 运动着的飞行器把离心力作用于地球上。
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