倒装及强调和省略句

从句
主语为it且从句谓语中有 ②Though (they were)
虚拟 语气
在虚拟条件句中, 如含有 略, 句子要用倒装
had, were, should, if可省 twenty now, I would
种类
要点归纳
典句例示
动 词 不 定 式
感官动词或使役动词(如 feel, see, hear, notice, let, I heard someone 不 make, have等)后接不定 sing in the next 定 式作宾语补足语时省略 room. 式 to 符 号 ①He did nothing 在do nothing but, can’t to but wait all the time. help but, why not, would 的 ②Rather than ride rather. . . than. . . ; prefer 省 on a crowded bus, to do. . . rather than. . . 略 he always prefers to 等句型中省略to ride a bicycle.
①NB代表Not only…，but also…引导的 并列句。 not only位于句首时，所引导的 前面的分句倒装，后面的分句不倒装。 故此称为“前倒后不倒”。如： 1）Not only did he come，but also he was very happy． 2）Not only was everything that he had taken away from him ，but also his German citizenship（was taken away）．
宾 语 从 句
引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。 但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that 引导的宾语从句时, 只有第一个连词 that可省略
He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.
—Do you think it I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I will rain? guess等作答语, 后面so与not分别等于 —I hope not (that it 肯定和否定, 宾语从句可省略 will not rain).

省略句的5种类型
种类 要点归纳 由which, when, where或how引导的宾 语从句中与主句重复的主语及谓语可 全部或部分省略, 只保留一个连接代 词或连接副词 典句例示 He will come back, but he doesn’t know when (he will come back).
类别
倒装条件
倒装方法
典句例示
①Here you are. ②Then he left. ③Away they hurried. Only he knows the secret. —He looks young. — So he does. Tom likes singing, but he doesn’t like dancing. So it is with Mary.
种类
要点归纳 使用不定式符号to来代 替整个不定式, 常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, 不 seem, try, want, wish等 定 后面 式 在某些形容词glad, 省 happy, pleased, delighted 略 等后面使用不定式符号 to来代替整个不定式
③2N代表Neither…nor…所引导的并列句。 2N若位于两分句之首，则前后分句均倒 装。即“前倒后也倒”。如： Neither do I know her name，nor does he.
④NM即No matter…引导的状语从句。此时 前面从句及后面主句均不倒装。即“前后均 不倒”。如： No matter how busy he is，he always comes to help us．

Child as he was, he lived on himself. ________________ Smart as he is （尽管他很聪明）, he can’t find the answer to the question.(2004) ___________________________( Great as the difficulties are 尽管困难重重), we must do our best to succeed.(2008) Scarce as they are, water resources have been severely wasted and polluted.(2009)
1. there, here, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out等副 词置于句首, 但主语为人称 代词时, 不用倒装
特 别 提 醒
2. only修饰主语置于句首时, 不能倒装 3. 若两个主语一致时, 则表 示同意以上观点, 不能倒装, 此时so表示“的确如此” 4. 当前面两件或两件以上的 事也适合于另一人或物时, 通常用“so it is with. . . ”或 “it is the same with. . . ”

6. Not until放在句首, 主倒从不倒 。
1.Not until last week did they find the lost bike. 2.Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. Not until the early years of the 19th century ___know what heat is. D A. man did B. man C. didn't man D. did man B realize how much Not until I began to work ____ time I had wasted. A. didn't I B. did I C. I didn't D. I
倒装强调和省略
英语句子通常有两种语序：一种是 陈述语序，一种是倒装语序。 将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之 前的语序叫做倒装语序。 倒装可分为二种：将整个谓语提到 主 语 之 前 的 叫 完 全 倒 装 （ full inversion）； 而只将be 、情态动词或者助动词放 在主语之前的叫做部分倒装 （partial inversion）。

If I were to do it, I’d do it some other way.
Were I to do it, I’d do it some other way. If you had been here earlier, you would have seen him.

Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.
Tom met a beauwenku.baidu.comiful girl in the street yesterday.
It was Tom who met a beautiful girl in the street yesterday. It was a beautiful girl that Tom met in the street yesterday. It was in the street that Tom met a beautiful girl yesterday. It was yesterday that Tom met a beautiful girl in the street.
Rarely would any of us stand up and show the world who we are. Little did he realize that he had made a serious mistake in the experiment.

2. 省略If的虚拟条件句
3. 句首为only+状语
用与此结构的常见词组有：only by chance, only by luck, only then, only in this way等。 如： Only by luck did he go to college. Only in this way can we solve the problem.
种类
要点归纳
当状语从句的主语和主
典句例示
①Please come here as soon as (it is) possible. tired, they went on walking. Were I (=If I were) join the army.
状语
句的主语一致或从句的 be动词时, 可以省略状语 从句中的主语和be动词

No sooner…than… Hardly/scarcely/barely…when… e.g. No sooner had he closed his eyes _____ than the doorbell rang.(2002) when Hardly had he sat down _____the phone rang.(2010)

②O代表only＋状语从句；NU代表Not until＋ 状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句 而不倒装从句，即：“主倒从不倒”。如： 1）Only when he told me did I know it． 2）Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted． No sooner…than…，Hardly／ Scarcely…when…等句型也属此类用法。如： No sooner（Hardly） had we reached home than（when）it began to rain．
种类
要点归纳
典句例示
在限制性定语从句中, 关 系代词that, which, whom He lost the watch 充当宾语, 而且前面无介 (that/which) he bought 词时可省略。关系代词 yesterday. 在从句中作表语时也可 定语 省略 从句 ①I don’t like the way (that/in which) he the way, the time后的定 speaks to others. 语从句, 常省略关系词 ②I don’t know the time (when) he arrived.

1.句首为否定词

句首是否定词或表示否定意义的词语时， 句子要部分倒装。常见的否定词有：
never, seldom, little, few, hardly, scarcely, rarely, no, in no case/way(决不), on no account (决不), by no means, under no circumstances (决不), at no time (从不)等
强调句
英语中的强调句型为：it is/was+强调成分 +that/who+句子的其余部分。 强调句有两个特征： 句型固定，既无论强调哪种语法成分，都 用It is…that…句型。其中，在表示过去时 态时，可用was;强调成分指人时可用 who/whom。谓语部分不能充当强调成分。


7. 句式so/such…that中； so/such位于句首时

So clear was the statement that it couldn’t be misunderstood. Such was his kindness that I will never forget him.

复合句倒装顺口溜： NB前倒后不倒①， O，NU主倒从不倒②， 2N前倒后也倒③， NM前后均不倒④。