电气专业外文翻译--基于单片机的智能车载酒精检测及控制系统设计说明
电气专业外文翻译基于单片机的智能车载酒精检测及控制系统设计

2012年第二届国际会议关于未来的计算机教育信息技术课堂讲稿,沃尔斯23-24基于单片机的智能车载酒精检测及控制系统设计信息工程学院,南昌航空大学,江西,南昌,中国摘要:本文介绍了一种基于单片机低功耗酒精检测控制器,该控制器采用酒精传感器、压力传感器、语音报警、电子锁等与汽车组成车载酒精检测及安全控制系统。
该系统可以分为两部分:一个为可手持的检测部分,另一个为控制部分,安装在车内,从而实现智能车载酒精检测及安全控制。
由于该系统具有高灵敏度和低功耗的功能,因此具有较高的实用价值。
关键词:酒精探测器;压力传感器;语音报警;车载1引言近年来,酒后驾车造成的交通事故时常发生,给驾驶员自身和他人造成了巨大的损失,因此,对酒后驾车的检测和管理成为必不可少的环节。
但利用普通的监测和管理成为必不可少的环节。
但利用普通的监测方式,主要是驾驶员的自觉和交警的抽查,一方面,花了很大的精力但是效率极低;另一方面,酒后驾车引起的交通事故仍居高不下。
尽管国家在去年5月实施了行的酒后驾车的处罚条例,但是酒驾事故仍时有发生。
为此,笔者研究了具有智能化酒精检测及语音报警的电路系统,有效地实现了简单电路。
简单地说,就是当驾驶员呼出气体中的酒精浓度达到设定的酒精浓度,就会语音提示,并强制切断汽车电源总线,令其无法启动汽车。
此设计在综合社会现象和前人设计的基础上,经过与同学、指导老师的仔细商讨,在原有设计的基础上注入我们的设计思想,融合我们的设计方法,基本上能实现令我们满意的硬件电路。
这样最大限度地限制和减少酒后驾车的现象,尽可能降低交警的工作量,同时提高交警的工作效率。
2系统结构及总体方案设计该控制系统主要以单片机为核心,配以检测电路、控制电路、显示电路、语音电路组成,并采用强制驾驶员呼气的方法,以判断驾驶员是否饮酒。
具体工作流程为:首先压力传感器进行压力检测,若驾驶员就坐,压力传感器检测到信号,启动系统并激活语音模块,通过语音提示进行酒精检测,此时驾驶员可进行酒精检测。
基于单片机的酒精检测报警装置说明书

1.酒精测试仪系统设计首先考虑到酒精传感器本身要有很好的灵敏度:其次由于传感器采集到的电信号是微弱模拟信号.而单片机所能处理的是数字信号,所以要经过一定的运放和A/D转换。
将采集的模拟电信号放大转换成数字信号。
再送到单片机进行数字处理,经单片机将运算处理的数字信号送到显示器进行显示;最后考虑到仪器的多功能性。
时钟芯片以显示当前时间。
对无法解决的问题,应及时切换到后背装置或报警。
为了测量直观,仪器必须具有一个显示器,能一目了然地读取测试结果。
2酒精测试系统硬件设计2.1传感器的设计气体传感器是气体检测系统的核心,通常安装在探测头内。
因而选择MQ3型酒精传感器。
MQ3其封装的气敏元件有6只针状管脚,其中4个用于信号取出,2个用于提供加热电流,具有广泛的探测范围,适用于酒精检测。
传感器的标准回路由两部分构成,电路连接如图1所示。
回路两部分组成:一为加热;二为信号输出,它可以精确反映出传感器表面的电阻变化。
传感器表面电阻R。
的变化,是通过与其串联的负载电阻吼上的有效电压信号y魁输出而获得的。
二者数学关系为:Rs/R£=(y旷y肛)/V皿,其中y∞为回路电压,负载电阻RL可调电阻,其值为0.5—200 kll,y岱同时作为加热电压。
2.2微处理器的选择为了减少功耗与体积,本方案采用较常使用且较经济的AT89S51单片机。
AT89S51是一种低功耗、高性能CMOS的8位微控制器,具有8K在系统可编程存储器141。
其最小系统包括单片机AT89S51接口电路、晶振电路、复位电路。
2.3 转换电路对于本系统而言,就是快速、高精度地对输入的酒精浓度信号进行采样编码,将其转换成单片机所能够处理的数字量。
模数转换电路是本系统的关键部分。
其性能的好坏直接影响整个系统的质量。
该系统选用ADC0809,是一种逐次逼近型A/D转换器,其精度、速度、价格皆适中。
2.4显示单元设计为了方便直观的现实出测试数据。
我们选用。
采用1602LCD液晶显示器,该显示器具有可视面积大,控制方法简单,功率低、硬件电路简单等特点。
基于单片机的车载酒精智能监控系统设计

Internal Combustion Engine & Parts• 17•基于单片机的车载酒精智能监控系统设计Design of Vehicle Alcohol Intelligent Monitoring System Based on MCU王冬梅W A N G D o n g-m e i;路敬祎L U J i n g-y i(东北石油大学电气信息工程学院,大庆163318)(Academy of Electric Information Engineering,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing 163318 ,China)摘要:针对醉酒驾驶的人事前监控困难,设计了车载酒精智能监控系统。
本系统主要以单片机、GPSGPRS模块、酒精传感器 MQ-3以及相关器件,以单片机作为核心,用酒精传感器MQ-3采集信息,最后通过单片机对驾驶员采集的数据进行处理,从而执行 显示、语音报警以及利用GPRS模块向驾驶员家人发送短信来提示家人督促该驾驶员不要开车。
该系统低成本、低功耗、便携易安装,从而实现智能监控驾驶员的作用,具有一定的实用价值。
Abstract:In order to solve the problems of the pre control of drunk driving,the intelligent monitoring system of vehicle alcohol is designed.This system is mainly based on MCU,GPS,GPRS module,alcohol sensor MQ-3 and related devices,using MCU as the core,with information collection alcohol sensor MQ-3, by the end of the pilot data to perform the single-chip processing,display,voice alarm and use the GPRS module to send SMS to prompt the driver's family urged the driver not to drive.The system has the advantages of low cost,low p o w r er consumption,portable and easy installation,so as to realize the function of intelligent monitoring driver,and has a certain practical value.关键词:GPS;GPRS;酒精传感器;单片机Key words:GPS;GPRS;alcohol sensor;M CU0引言随着汽车价格的降低,人们生活水平的提高,许多人 都有了自己的轿车。
基于单片机防酒后驾驶控制系统设计毕业论文整体

基于单片机防酒后驾驶控制系统设计The Design Of Anti—drunk Driving Control System On SingleChip Microcomputer2013年6月摘要近年来,随着我国汽车的普及,汽车的安全问题已经引起了我们的注意,根据最新的数据显示,目前,酒后驾车成为车祸频发的主要原因,我国因酒后驾车而导致的死亡人数平均每年以7.3%的速度增长,酒后驾车轻则害人害己,重则车毁人亡。
为了防止酒后驾车,设计一种智能电路来检测驾驶员体内的酒精含量并且能够及时切断汽车电源是非常有必要的。
该设计由MQ-3酒精传感器来测量饮酒后驾驶员体内的酒精浓度,通过A/D0832转换器转换成数字信号传入单片机,最后由单片机通过对数字信号的处理来显示酒精浓度.在超过阈值时,发出声光报警,并且通过控制继电器来切断汽车电源。
软件方面,各个子程序的功能相对独立,便于调试和修改.当驾驶员体内酒精浓度超标时,该系统能够自动切断汽车启动系统电源,同时发出声光报警,并通过数码管实时显示酒精浓度。
本系统选择AT89C51单片机、A/D0832转换器、MQ—3酒精传感器、数码管、LED、蜂鸣器、继电器等元器件通过DXP来设计硬件系统电路图,使用keil uvision4完成软件系统的编程调试.关键词:AT89C51单片机;A/D0832转换器;MQ—3酒精传感器;智能电路;酒后驾车;ABSTRACTIn recent years, with the popularity of cars in China, safety problem of cars has caused our attention. According to the latest data, driving after drinking has become the main reason of the car accident,the death that cased by the car accident has been increased at the rate of 7。
基于单片机的酒精检测仪的设计说明

酒精浓度检测仪的设计一、前言对气体中酒精含量进行检测的设备有五种基本类型,即:燃料电池型(电化学)、半导体型、气体色谱分析型、红外线型、比色型。
但由于价格和使用方便的原因,常用的只有燃料电池型和半导体型两种。
燃料电池作为一种发电装置,它的原理是将存在于燃料与氧化剂中的化学能直接转化为电能。
当前各国家都在广泛研究环保型能源,因为它直接可以把可燃气体转变成电能,并且不产生污染,酒精传感器只是燃料电池的一方面应用。
与半导体型的相比,燃料电池型呼气酒精检测仪有很多优势,即稳定性好,精度高,抗干扰性好。
但是燃料电池酒精传感器的结构要求非常精密,制造难度相当大,并且材料成本高,价格昂贵。
如今的酒精浓度检测仪都是采用可替代吹管,酒精仪从传统的机械检测或酒精计到现在的利用传感器和单片机核心技术的酒精浓度检测仪是在技术上是一大突破,提高了检测酒精的精确度,社会公共安全系数也大大的提高。
但是现在大部分一般的酒精浓度检测仪价格低的灵敏度低,准确度高的售价也比较昂贵,并且大多只是对结果进行预警、低报、高报三限报警点设置。
为了得到准确的浓度数值,在LED 显示酒精浓度数值上应实现普及。
同时很多其他气体会可能会对检测的结果产生影响,从而影响准确度,所以在传感器的腐蚀性以及排除其他干扰的能力上也待提升。
现在大多都是对气体浓度或液体浓度的单一检测,最好是能解决一个检测仪能同时对酒精的气体和液体两种状态下的检测。
本课题分为两部分:硬件设计部分和软件设计部分。
硬件部分为利用MQ3气敏传感器测量空气中酒精浓度,并转换为电压信号,经A/D转换器转换成数字信号后传给单片机系统,由单片机及其相应外围电路进行信号的处理,显示酒精浓度值以及超阈值声光报警。
程序采用模块化设计思想,各个子程序的功能相对独立,便于调试和修改。
而硬件电路又大体可分为单片机小系统电路、A/D转换电路、声光报警电路、LED 显示电路,按键电路,各部分电路的设计及原理将会在硬件电路设计部分详细介绍。
基于单片机的车载酒精浓度测试仪的设计

e t h a n o l wa s d i r e c t l y d i s p l a y e d b y L C D ,S O a s t o r e a l i z e t h e me a s u r e me n t o f a l c o h o l c o n c e n t r a t i o n . wh e n
Ab s t r a c t : I n t h i s p a p e r ,t h e a u t h o r u s e S T C 1 2 C 5 A 1 6 AD s i n g l e c h i p a s t h e c o r e c o n t r o l l e r ,b y u s i n g t h e
近年来 。 随着社会 的进步 、 我 国 经 济 的 高 速 发
展 , 人 民 的生 活 水 平 迅 速 提 高 , 越 来 越 多 的 人 有 了
1 系统 设 计 原 理
车 载酒 精 浓度 测 试仪 是一 款 便携 式 的洒 精检 测 仪 器 ,所 以各 电路 部 分器 件最 重 要 的就 是体 积 小巧 功 能强 大 。考 虑 到本设 计 产 品之 后要 在 不 同 的环境
来, 从 而 实现 了对 酒精 浓度 的测 量 。 当 乙醇 浓度超 过设 定 允许值 时 。 电路 发 出报 警 。
关键词: S T C 1 2 C 5 A1 6 AD单 片机 ; MQ 一 3气体传 感 器 ; A / D转 换 ; 显 示 浓度
中 图分 类 号 : T N 7 文献 标识 码 : A 文章 编 号 :1 6 7 4 — 6 2 3 6 ( 2 0 1 7 ) 1 4 — 0 0 8 2 — 0 4
MQ- 3 g a s s e n s o r t o c o n v e r t e a l c o h o l c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n t o e l e c t r i c a l s i g n a l ,a n d t h e n t h r o u g h t h e A / D
基于单片机的酒精浓度测试系统的设计

基于单片机的酒精浓度测试系统的设计
1.系统概述。
本系统是一种基于单片机的酒精浓度测试系统,主要用于对个人酒后驾车行为的监测和控制。
系统的核心部分为微处理器,通过对空气中酒精含量进行检测、测量,并通过液晶显示屏显示出来,同时配备声音报警功能,可对不符合要求的用户进行提示并进行报警。
2.系统结构。
本系统主要由以下部分组成:
①传感器模块:负责检测空气中酒精含量。
②微处理器:负责对传感器检测到的酒精含量进行处理和计算,并控制其他模块的工作。
③显示模块:通过液晶显示屏将检测结果显示出来。
④报警模块:通过声音报警来提示用户。
3.系统工作原理。
传感器模块通过检测空气中酒精含量,将检测结果传递给微处理器,微处理器对接收到的酒精含量进行处理和计算,并将计算结果通过显示模块显示出来。
在酒精含量达到一定值时,报警模块会发出声音报警进行提示。
4.系统应用。
本系统可以广泛应用于各种需要检测个人酒后驾车行为的场合,如酒吧、夜总会、娱乐场所、企事业单位等。
5.系统优点。
基于单片机的设计,成本较低。
精确度高,检测结果准确可靠。
操作简单,易于使用。
具有声音报警功能,能够及时提示用户。
易于维护和维修。
电气工程及自动化毕业设计基于PLC的酒精检测系统

电气工程及自动化毕业设计:基于PLC的酒精检测系统摘要:本文设计了一种基于PLC的酒精检测系统。
该系统通过传感器检测酒驾司机的呼气中的酒精浓度,然后利用PLC进行信号处理和控制指令输出。
系统的核心部分是PLC的编程和控制模块,该模块可以实现实时显示酒驾司机的酒精浓度,并通过指示灯和喇叭发出警报。
关键词:PLC、酒精检测系统、呼气传感器、指示灯、警报、编程和控制模块1. 引言酒驾是一种严重的交通违法行为,给社会和个人造成极大的危害。
因此,控制酒驾行为的重要性日益凸显。
基于此,本文设计了一种基于PLC的酒精检测系统,旨在为酒驾行为的控制提供一种有效的手段。
2. 设计原理和方法2.1 系统框架和组成本系统的硬件组成主要包括PLC、呼气传感器、指示灯、警报和显示屏等部分。
其中,PLC是系统的核心部件,通过编程控制整个系统的运行。
2.2 酒精检测原理酒精检测是基于氧化还原反应原理。
在呼气过程中,酒精会被氧化成乙酸,并放出电子。
这些电子可以被传感器探测并量化酒精的浓度。
2.3 系统设计和实现系统的设计和实现主要包括三个方面:硬件设计、软件编程和数据管理。
2.3.1 硬件设计硬件设计包括选择和安装传感器、指示灯、警报和PLC等器件,并搭建系统的电路和连接线路。
2.3.2 软件编程软件编程是整个系统的核心部分,主要通过PLC实现对呼气传感器信号的处理和控制指令的输出。
本系统采用Siemens S7-200系列PLC,利用Ladder语言对程序进行编写,实现实时显示酒驾司机的酒精浓度,并通过指示灯和喇叭发出警报的功能。
2.3.3 数据管理数据管理是对检测结果进行管理和统计,例如对不同时间段的酒驾情况进行统计分析。
本系统采用数据库对数据进行管理,通过检测器和数据接口对数据进行记录和存储。
3. 实验结果与分析本系统在实际应用中,可以有效地检测到酒驾司机的呼气酒精浓度,同时能够快速地做出反应和发出警报。
系统的设计和实现为酒驾行为的预防和控制提供了一种有效的手段。
基于单片机的酒精检测系统设计

学号:017 毕业设计说明书基于单片机的酒精检测系统设计The single-chip microcomputer design of alcohol detection system based on SCM学院计算机与电子信息学院专业电子信息科学与技术班级学生指导教师(职称)完成时间年 3 月19 日至年月日毕业论文任务书院(系):计算机与电子信息学院专业电子信息科学与技术班级:电子07-2班学生:学号: 017一、毕业论文课题基于单片机的酒精检测系统设计二、毕业论文工作自 2011 年 3 月 19 日起至 2011 年 6 月 5 日止三、毕业论文进行地点四、毕业论文的内容要求设计一个基于单片机的酒精检测系统:系统主要由单片机主控模块、信息采集放大模块、语音播报模块、键盘控制模块、液晶显示模块和电源模块等组成。
将通过精密放大器的传感器信号进行A/D转换,并把转换后的数字量进行一定处理,转化为酒精浓度信号PPM或mg/L,最后送液晶显示器显示。
主要功能包括:·电池检测,电源不足时给出显示。
·节电设计,一定时间内检测不到信号时,自动关机。
·酒精浓度单位可互换,PPM与mg/L互换。
参考文献:1. 吕俊芳, 钱政, 袁梅.传感器接口与检测仪器电路[M] .北京:国防工业出版社,2009.2. 王东锋,王会良,董冠强.单片机C语言应用100例[M] .北京:电子工业出版社,2009.指导教师接受论文任务开始执行日期2011 年 3 月19 日学生签名摘要本文设计了一种用于公共场所具有检测及超限报警功能的酒精浓度智能测试仪。
其设计方案基于89C52单片机,MQ3酒精浓度传感器等器件作为主要芯片。
系统将传感器输出的4~20mA的标准信号通过以AD0809为核心的A/D转换电路调理后,经由单片机进行数据处理,最后由LCD显示酒精浓度值。
文中详细介绍了数据采集子系统、数据处理过程以及数据显示子系统和报警电路的设计方法和过程。
基于单片机的车载酒精测控系统设计

基于单片机的车载酒精测控系统设计
酒精驾驶是一项非常危险的行为,为了保障行车安全,各国都制定了严格的法律禁止酒后驾车。
但是仍然有一些人在饮酒之后驾车,这给人们的生命财产造成了很大的风险。
基于此,设计一个基于单片机的车载酒精测控系统,可以帮助司机在开车前测量自己的酒精含量,确保自己的饮酒不会威胁到其他人的安全。
首先,由于车内气氛湿度是不同的,需要选用高灵敏度的传感器来检测车内酒精浓度。
选择一款能够检测酒精的传感器进行应用,检测范围为0-5,000ppm。
同时,为了适应不同的需要,设计单片机的16位模拟/数字转换器,实现高分辨率酒精含量
测量。
其次,由于车内温度波动幅度较大,为了确保传感器读数的准确性,设计基于单片机的省电措施,保证系统长期稳定运行,并且设计自动校准功能,通过人为控制,实现酒精含量测量参数的校准。
最后,由于道路上的情况经常会发生变化,为了确保测量数据的正确性,设计车载酒精测控系统的可拓展性。
考虑通过串口和蓝牙等通讯协议,进行数据的传输和处理,同时设计系统的可扩展性,支持系统拓展和升级。
总之,通过单片机及相关传感器等技术手段,可以设计基于单片机的车载酒精测控系统,实现汽车驾驶员饮酒测量功能,确保道路行车安全。
基于51单片机的酒精测试仪设计论文说明书

基于51单片机的酒精测试仪设计毕业设计说明书毕业设计(论文)基于51单片机的酒精测试仪设计51 MCU-Based Design Of The Tester Alcohol学生学号专业班级指导教师摘要近年来,随着我国经济的发展,人民的生活水平提高,越来越多的人有了自己的私家车,而酒后驾车造成的交通事故也频频发生。
如今国家法律出台道路交通安全法规定,饮酒后或者醉酒驾驶机动车发生重大交通事故,构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任,并由公安机关交通管理部门吊销机动车驾驶证,终生不得重新取得机动车驾驶证。
鉴于人们对于醉酒驾驶的逐渐重视,酒精测试课题便引起了广泛的关注。
酒后驾车引起的交通事故是由于司机的过量饮酒造成人体酒精浓度过高,麻痹神经,造成大脑反应迟缓,肢体不受控制等症状。
为本课题研究的是一种以气敏传感器和单片机为主,监测空气酒精浓度,并具有LCD显示功能的空气酒精浓度监测仪。
此需要设计一智能仪器能够监测驾驶员体酒精含量。
本课题研究的是一种以气敏传感器和单片机为主,监测空气酒精浓度,并具有声报警功能及LCD显示功能的空气酒精浓度监测仪。
其可监测出空气环境中和呼气中酒精浓度值,并根据不同的环境设定不同的阀值,对超过的阀值进行声报警,并显示阀值.来提示危害。
从而达到以下目的:(1)有利于社会公共交通安全;(2)提高人们法律意识;(3)使之便捷、安全、准确、高效,便于提高家庭酒精测试的普及化。
本作品是基于单片机控制ADC0809对TGS822酒精浓度取样来反映人体血液酒精浓度;以及对DS18B20获取温度关键词:ADC0809;TGS822; DS18B20;单片机AbstractIn recent years, as China's economic development, people's living standards improve, more and more people have their own private cars and traffic accidents caused by drunk driving is also frequent. Today, the introduction of national law the provisions of the Road Traffic Safety Law, motor vehicle after drinking or drunk driving major traffic accidents, crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated by the traffic control department of public security organ driving license revoked for life may not regain a driving license.Given people's increasing emphasis on the drink driving, alcohol test subject has aroused widespread concern. Drunk driving accidents caused by excessive drinking is caused because the driver's alcohol level is too high the body, paralysis of nerves, resulting in slow response to the brain, body out of control and other symptoms. Based research is a kind of gas sensor and microcontroller-based, monitoring of air alcohol concentration , and with LCD display monitor air alcohol concentration. The need to design an intelligent instruments to monitor the driver's alcohol content. This research is a kind of gas sensor and microcontroller-based, monitoring of air alcohol concentration , and with sound alarm and LCD display monitors the air alcoholconcentration. The environment can be monitored from the air and breath alcohol concentration, and according to different environments set different threshold than the threshold of the acoustic alarm, and display threshold. To prompt the hazard So as to achieve the following purposes: 1 in favor of public transport safety; 2 to raise awareness of legal consciousness; 3 to make it convenient, safe, accurate, efficient, easy to increase the popularity of home alcohol test This work is based on the TGS822 ADC0809 microcontroller sampling to reflect the body alcohol concentration blood alcohol concentration; and to obtain the temperature DS18B20Key words: ADC0809; TGS822; DS18B20; MCU目录第1章绪论 11.1 精测试仪现状和发展趋势 11.2研究容 2第2章总体设计 32.1 本课题的设计任务及要求 32.1.1 设计任务32.1.2 设计要求32.2 系统整机原理图分析 4第3章硬件设计 53.1 单片机模块 53.2 ADC0809资料 63.3酒精传感器模块 83.3.1传感器性能分析83.3.2呼出酒精气体浓度与血液酒精浓度关系113.4 LCD模块12第4章系统软件144.1整机系统流程图 154.1.1ADC程序流程图154.1.2 LCD程序流程图16第5章总结与展望17参考文献18致19附录1 酒精测试仪程序20第1章绪论1.1 精测试仪现状和发展趋势喝酒后,呼出的气体会有酒味,表情行为会有反常。
基于单片机的酒精浓度测试系统的设计

基于单片机的酒精浓度测试系统的设计酒精浓度测试系统是一种常见的安全设备,广泛应用于交通管理、公共场所安全以及个人饮酒管理等领域。
本文将详细介绍一个基于单片机的酒精浓度测试系统的设计。
1.系统结构设计酒精浓度测试系统主要由传感器模块、单片机控制模块、显示模块和报警模块组成。
其中传感器模块负责检测环境中的酒精浓度,单片机控制模块负责采集传感器数据并进行处理,显示模块负责将处理后的数据显示在屏幕上,报警模块负责在酒精浓度超过设定阈值时进行报警。
2.传感器模块设计传感器模块一般采用气敏传感器,通过感应空气中的酒精气体浓度变化来判断酒精浓度水平。
在设计中需要选择合适的传感器以及合理的工作电压和电流。
3.单片机控制模块设计单片机控制模块主要负责采集传感器模块的数据,并进行处理。
首先需要配置单片机的通信接口和时钟,以及编写相应的程序进行数据采集。
然后,可以使用模拟转换技术将模拟信号转换为数字信号,并采用滤波算法对采集到的数据进行处理,以提高测试的准确性。
4.显示模块设计显示模块一般采用LCD显示屏或LED灯带等设备,用于将处理后的数据以可视化形式显示出来。
在设计中需要选择合适的显示设备,并编写相应的程序实现数据的显示。
5.报警模块设计报警模块可以采用蜂鸣器或者LED灯等设备,当酒精浓度超过设定阈值时,触发相应的报警信号。
在设计中需要选择合适的报警设备,并编写相应的程序实现报警功能。
6.系统整合设计在设计完成各个模块后,需要对系统进行整合,使其能够协调工作。
首先,需要将传感器模块与单片机控制模块连接,以实现数据的传输。
然后,将单片机控制模块与显示模块和报警模块连接,以实现数据的显示和报警功能。
7.系统测试与优化系统设计完成后,需要进行测试和优化,以确保系统的稳定性和准确性。
首先,可以使用标准酒精溶液对系统进行测试,验证其测量准确性。
然后,可以进行实际应用测试,检验系统在不同环境条件下的适用性。
在测试过程中,可以根据实际需求对系统进行优化调整,以提高系统的性能和可靠性。
基于单片机的酒精浓度检测电气专业

目录摘要 (I)第1章前言 (1)1.1 研究目的和意义 (1)1.2 研究内容和方法 (1)第2章系统的介绍 (2)第3章硬件的选择介绍 (3)3.1硬件系统框图 (3)3.2传感器的选择 (4)3.3 LCD显示器的的选择 (5)第4章酒精浓度检测的硬件电路设计 (8)4.1 89C51单片机系统 (8)4.2 A/D转换电路 (12)4.3 LED显示电路 (14)第5章酒精浓度监测的软件设计 (19)5.1 开发环境 (19)5.2 程序流程 (19)5.3 程序代码编写 (21)第6章系统调试与测试结果 (27)6.1 电路的调试 (27)6.2浓度与显示之间的关系 (28)第7章结论与建议 (31)致谢 (33)参考文献 (33)附录 (34)摘要本设计实现了对不同浓度酒精的检测和显示,通过适当改进可以用于检测酒后驾车。
本文用AT89C51单片机与MQ-3型气体传感器实现了对酒精浓度的测量,并对测量数据进行显示,同时利用二极管简单显示浓度的高低,在设计允许值时发出报警。
论文主要研究了(1)硬件方面,MQ-3气体传感器技术参数的检测和将它接入到酒精浓度检测模块中;将模拟电压信号放大驱动发光二极管点亮报警;将采集到的模拟电压信号通过单片机控制经A/D转换,得到数字电压信号;用于显示浓度的数码管显示模块。
(2)软件方面,主要研究了电压到浓度的线性转换和最终浓度值的数码管显示。
(3)对设计的传感器进行了标定。
设计的传感器对酒精气体反应灵敏,能在有效范围内测量它的浓度值。
并且在检测低浓度酒精时误差较小,最大误差为8.2%满足设计要求。
本文的特色在于标准的确定。
对于流动空气,样品的稳定性和水蒸气的影响,提出了解决方案和验证方法。
对不同的区间浓度和电压转换关系做线性化处理,简化了硬件电路的设计。
设计的传感器可以检测不同浓度的酒精气体,改进之后对解决酒后驾车事故和特殊场合酒精检测都可以使用。
关键词:单片机;A/D转换;酒精传感器AbstractDifferent concentrations of alcohol solution are detected and showed in the design. The design can be used to the detection of drunk driving through improvement. In this thesis, the concentration of alcohol can be measured and displayed by using the gas sensor based on AT89C51 MCU and MQ-3. At the same time the concentration is displayed by LED, and the system allow to alarm in the certain value.In the thesis Major researches are three points. (1) In the hardware, detecting the technology parameters MQ-3 gas sensor, and connecting it to a testing part of the alcohol gas concentration; Analog voltage signal amplification to drive light-emitting diode light to alarm; conversing the voltage signal through the A/D conversion at the control of the single-chip, obtaining the digital voltage signal; displaying the concentration in the digital tube display module.(2)In the Software, linear conversion between the concentration of the alcohol and the voltage and the digital display of the final concentration value.(3) The designed sensor is calibrated. The design of gas sensor is responsive to the alcohol, can measure concentration in the effective range of its concentration. And in the low concentration of alcohol in the test the error is small with the maximum error 8.2%, meeting requirements of the design.The characteristics of the thesis are to determine the standard. The solutions and verification methods are proposed about the flow of air samples, the sample stability and water vapor. The conversion between voltage and concentration in different range is treated as linear relationship. The design of sensor can detect different the alcohol gas with different concentration. It plays an important role to solve the drunk-driving accidents and alcohol testing for special occasions after improvement. Keyword: Single Chip Computer; A/D Transformer; Alcohol Sensor第1章前言1.1 研究目的和意义近年来,随着我国经济的高速发展,人民的生活水平迅速提高,越来越多的人有了自己的私家车,而酒后驾车造成的交通事故也频频发生。
电气专业外文翻译 基于单片机的智能车载酒精检测及控制系统设计

2012年第二届国际会议关于未来的计算机教育信息技术课堂讲稿,沃尔斯23-24基于单片机的智能车载酒精检测及控制系统设计信息工程学院,南昌航空大学,江西,南昌,中国摘要:本文介绍了一种基于单片机低功耗酒精检测控制器,该控制器采用酒精传感器、压力传感器、语音报警、电子锁等与汽车组成车载酒精检测及安全控制系统。
该系统可以分为两部分:一个为可手持的检测部分,另一个为控制部分,安装在车内,从而实现智能车载酒精检测及安全控制。
由于该系统具有高灵敏度和低功耗的功能,因此具有较高的实用价值。
关键词:酒精探测器;压力传感器;语音报警;车载1 引言近年来,酒后驾车造成的交通事故时常发生,给驾驶员自身和他人造成了巨大的损失,因此,对酒后驾车的检测和管理成为必不可少的环节。
但利用普通的监测和管理成为必不可少的环节。
但利用普通的监测方式,主要是驾驶员的自觉和交警的抽查,一方面,花了很大的精力但是效率极低;另一方面,酒后驾车引起的交通事故仍居高不下。
尽管国家在去年5月实施了行的酒后驾车的处罚条例,但是酒驾事故仍时有发生。
为此,笔者研究了具有智能化酒精检测及语音报警的电路系统,有效地实现了简单电路。
简单地说,就是当驾驶员呼出气体中的酒精浓度达到设定的酒精浓度,就会语音提示,并强制切断汽车电源总线,令其无法启动汽车。
此设计在综合社会现象和前人设计的基础上,经过与同学、指导老师的仔细商讨,在原有设计的基础上注入我们的设计思想,融合我们的设计方法,基本上能实现令我们满意的硬件电路。
这样最大限度地限制和减少酒后驾车的现象,尽可能降低交警的工作量,同时提高交警的工作效率。
2 系统结构及总体方案设计该控制系统主要以单片机为核心,配以检测电路、控制电路、显示电路、语音电路组成,并采用强制驾驶员呼气的方法,以判断驾驶员是否饮酒。
具体工作流程为:首先压力传感器进行压力检测,若驾驶员就坐,压力传感器检测到信号,启动系统并激活语音模块,通过语音提示进行酒精检测,此时驾驶员可进行酒精检测。
基于单片机的车载酒驾检测系统设计

机械与材料工程学院本科毕业论文(设计)题目基于单片机的车载酒驾检测系统设计专业班级测控技术与仪器二班学号**********学生姓名指导教师设计所在单位2015年5月基于单片机的车载酒驾检测系统设计摘要:针对酒后驾车导致交通事故频繁发生的现象,设计了一种能够防止酒后驾驶的控制系统。
将酒驾带来的潜在后果扼杀在源头。
该系统是一款基于MSP430单片机的超低功耗酒精检测控制系统。
该系统可以自动对酒精浓度进行检测,以确保行车的安全。
系统可以根据检测到的酒精含量是否超标对驾驶人员反馈相应的信息。
如果超标,则驾驶人员无法启动汽车,因此从根本上杜绝了酒后驾车的出现。
该系统具有性价比高,智能化程度高,工作稳定可靠的优点。
而且可以用在需要控制酒精浓度以确保安全的任何场合。
该系统以单片机为核心, 配以检测电路、控制电路、LCD液晶显示电路、语音报警电路,从而实现智能车载安全控制服务。
由于具有设备检测的主动判断能力和较强的人机交互性,因此具有较高的实用价值。
关键词:酒精检测;语音报警;LCD液晶显示;MSP430单片机The Design of Alcohol Testing System Based on MCUAbstract:Aiming at the phenomenon of that the drunk driving causes traffic accidents frequently, designed a controlling system to prevent drunk driving. By doing this,the potential consequences of the drunk driving will be killed at source. This syst-em is an ultra low power system based on MSP430 single chip microcomputer alcohol detection controlling instrument. And it could test the alcohol concentratio-n automatically, so that the driving safety could be ensured. The system would fe edback specific informations to the driver according to the detected result of alcoh ol. If it is out of the standard, the driver could not launch the car, which fundame ntally put an end to the emergence of drunk driving. There are many advantages on high cost performance, high intelligence degree and working stably and reliabl-y. And it can be used in any occasion where the alcohol concentration needs to b e monitored.The system is as the core of MCU, and associated with the detection circuit, control circuit, LCD display circuit, voice alarm circuit, so as to provide the intelligent vehicle safety control services. Because of the capacity of equipment detecting,making judge actively and strong human-computer interaction, it has a high value on practicing.Key words:Alcohol test; V oice alarm; LCD liquid crystal display; MSP430 singl e chip microcomputer目录第一章绪论 (1)1.1 选题的目的与意义 (1)1.2 车载酒精检测系统的发展趋势 (1)1.3 本文研究内容和主要工作 (2)第二章酒精检测系统的总体分析 (3)2.1酒精检测系统的工作原理 (3)2.2酒精检测系统的主要功能与特点 (3)2.3单片机的选型 (3)第三章硬件设计 (6)3.1 系统的硬件原理框图 (6)3.2电源电路 (6)3.3酒精检测电路 (7)3.4复位电路 (8)3.5 键盘输入电路 (9)3.6 LCD显示电路 (10)3.7 语音报警电路 (11)3.8输出控制电路 (13)第四章软件设计 (14)4.1 软件开发环境 (14)4.2 系统软件结构 (15)4.3 系统软件设计 (16)4.4系统调试 (20)第五章总结与展望 (22)致谢 (23)参考文献 (24)附录1 (26)附录2 (27)第一章绪论1.1 选题的目的与意义早在1936 年,挪威就颁布了0.05%(g/ml)的血液酒精浓度(Blood alcohol con centration;BAC)为酒后驾车的标准[1]。
基于单片机的智能小车外文文献翻译

毕业设计(论文)外文文献翻译系部机电工程系专业车辆工程学生姓名学号指导教师职称讲师2013年2 月Electric intelligent car based on SCMThrough research and to realize a photoelectric sensor for sensitive components ,with AT89C51 as control core electric tracing of intelligent control carbonylation-the car ,the system is also including dc motor ,L9110 chips and LM324 comparator etc. The design USES AT89C51 as intelligent car core controller.The system takes microcontroller as control core and realization of electric before Enter ,back ,turn left and right turn function .Through the Angle sensor detection the seesaw Angle change ,use incremental pl algorithm to control the electric car for balance ,and using photoelectric sensor detection black line ,make the electricity Actuation vehicle in the course of driving keep linear motion and don’t skip from atrium .1. Project DesignLight buy a sensor ,the reality of the electric car is moving quickly degrees ,bit ,buy, transportation line shape when measured quantity of real condition ,and will be measured quantity number according to preach sent to monolithic machine into line processing, but buy single chip machine according to the measured buy root different forms of several inspection according to real now to electric actuation vehicle wisdom can control system .This kind of square case real now to electric actuation vehicle dynamic shape state into the shipment do real possession in system ,control system spirit alive ,can depend ,pure degree is high ,can full foot of each item of the stockings to bed .(1)straight epidemiological speed is tasseled straight epidemiological speed department with pulse width modulation experience .meanwhile gather speed is experience .meanwhile ,its main electrical pulse width modulation by road system type variable change device ,Jane says PWM variable change device .Adjustable speed by in the department of PWM experience .Meanwhile open shut frequency rate is high ,only on electricity barnado electricity sense of filter wave can be use to get to move very small straight pulse electric flow ,electricity flow barnado electric capacity easily even tantras, department of low speed operation flat experience .meanwhile ,adjustable speed stability van is surrounded relatively wide ,can reach 1000 left light .By on electrical flow wave shape than V-M system .be in phase with flat to all electrical flow dynamic machine ,electric heat consumption and hair loss than a small .with the sample buy in open shut frequency rate is high ,and if a fast speed electrical machine ring should match close ,fasten tasseled phase can be to get very wide frequency band ,because of the fast speed ring should be good ,dynamic configuration sexual can perturbation resistance can force is powerful .According to the root ,with more than ensemble close and this set of electrical machine control project by tolerance of the quantity and electrical machine speed straight flow of hair ,the exhibitor to adopt the project with a single extremely H type can be changed into change device inverse PWM line speed .1.1 photoelectric detection module designThe intelligent car was stuck on the black line running on white paper “road”, so this module design need to detect shop on the black rubber belt drive area , including Run straight along the arc district and driving district two area .Because f the black and white paper to light reflection coefficient is different ,can according to receive reflected light .The strength of the judge “road”-the black line .this paper USES is simple and practical detection methods, namely the infrared detection method.Infrared detection method ,I use infrared ray in different colors of physical surface with different reflection properties characteristics .In the car driving process Continually to the ground to launch the infrared ,when the infrared met white ground occurs when the reflected light ,aimless and launch packed on the car of receiving tube receiving ; if Fruit is met black line is absorbed ,and than the infrared cars receiving tube receiving less than signal .1.2 signal comparative module designThis part design USES a LM324 comparator ,of sensor signal voltage received compare and amplified ,and will compare the results after Feed to the microcontroller ,used to detect sensor sensitivity ,diagram shown in figure 5 shows .When two sensors simultaneously detect light ,straight forward .When the sensor can’t detect light ,in cut-off state ,double LM324 operational amplifier output low level to microcontroller ,by program processing ,If left not detected light ,then left correct direction; If the right has not been detected light ,then turn correct direction .1.3 motor control and driving module designBecause use is double drive cars ,this part of the circuit must be able to output of two different voltage values ,respectively to controlling trolley right and left two motor drive ,the two of the wheel speed and direction of the same or different ,thus to control its advance and turning .In system design process ,use two L9110 chips to connect SCM and dc motor respectively .L9110 is for control and drive motor design two channels push-pull power amplifier application-specific integrated circuit device ,discrete circuits in monolithic IC integrated such that the peripheral equipments in lower cost and the whole machine can carry on sexual high .The core slice two a TTL/CMOS and let electricity flat lose into ,have good anti-jamming ,two output terminal can pick flooding dynamic electric machine straight to the shipment of positive reverse move and it has had a big electricity flow flooding dynamic can force ,each call way can pass over 800mA continuous current ,peak current capacity of 1.5 ~OA ; At the same time it has lower output saturation pressure drop and the static electricity ,The built-in clamp a diode can release the perceptual load of reverse current impulse ,making it the drive relays ,dc motors ,stepping motor or switch power tube the useof safe and reliable .Follow tracing car system to common AT89C51, complementarywith relatively simple components and circuit design ,the smooth completion of follow under the premise of tracing function ,and fully considered appearance ,costs ,so most of the circuit car by manual welding is complete .In the design ,we never in a circuit increase redundant functions ,but retained various hardware interface and software subroutines interface to facilitate the expansion and development after.2. System hardware design2.1 motor driver module designIn making intelligent car, right wheel respectively with two speed and Torque basic identical dc motor driven deceleration. bolt-on trunk-lid spoiler Department to install a direction wheel, then through the I/O mouth to control tow dc slowing down Motor speed and steering can be achieved on the car to the left, turn right and straight line.Motor drive using a integrated electrical machine flooding dynamic core slice L 298 N. L298N is ST the production of the company, the internal containing four channel logical drive circuit, it is a kind of tow phase four phase motor drive, namely the special contains tow H bridge of high voltage large current commander bridge type drive,acceptance criteria TTL logic level signals, be driven 46V, 2A below the motor.2.2 tracing module designTracing module mainly composed by photoelectric sensor reflex, Photoconductive resistance of the resistance of the light with the surrounding environment changes, when the LTT white lines above, light emission strongly; The LTT black line above, light emission are relatively weak. So when photoconductive resistance in white line and black line above the elements will occur significantly changes, the resistance changes value after comparator can output high level. But this way environmental influences big, work is not stable. This article actual use is RPP220 type reflex sensors made tracing module.RPR220 is an integration of reflective photoelectric detector, transmitter is a gas infrared light emitting diode and the receiver is a high sensitivity silicon photoelectric triode flat. When the light emitting diode reflected back, triode conduction and output low level2.3 obstacle avoidance module designObstacle avoidance module mainly composed by infrared reflection sensor. Infrared reflection sensor by one infrared tubes and photoelectric diode constitute, infrared tubes out to meet the infrared object reflective sex strong after be turned back, by photoelectric diode receiving, causephotoelectric diode current increases, light born this change into voltage signal, it could be processor receives and processing.2.4 remote control module designThis module will launch end USES high sensitive HL-5000 type universal television remote control, the receiver using receive frequency for 38kH receiving head 1838, this module and the single chip computer interface is very convenient. In addition, for the red outside meet after harvest of plait code letter number the department tasseled set when shipped with project of AT89C52 single chip microcomputer external interruption. In order to recognize a complete key signal, must for each coding pulse width were measured with discriminate receives the pulse is o still 1. the microcontroller timer/counter to measuring pulse width. Timer/counter except points than can be set, from except 2 to except 2048, measurable pulse width can reach 500m/s. This paper set except point for 12, namely than 12 points frequency, because the external clock is about 12MH, clock cycle for 1s, so the timer/counter for 1 per timing once s.2.5 alarm module designAlarm module core chip 110 IC, can choose application in automobile, motorcycle, alarms, personal riot device, door magnetic alarm device and etc.3. System software designThis system software modular structure, he main program, initial anti-fuzzy procedures, interrupt subroutines, delay subroutines, buttons pronunciation subroutines, buttons scanning subroutines constitutes.3.1 tracing subroutines designTracing module is designed by the left right photoelectric sensor output terminal receiving monolithic respectively, p22 and p23 tube feet, then through the microcontroller programming, produce PWM control signal. Through L 298 control motor speed, let the car to move forward, left turn, turn right and stop driving purpose.3.2 avoid barrier of programmingObstacle avoidance module is designed by the infrared reflection sensor module around the output terminal receiving MCU respectively p20 and p21 tube feet, then through the microcontroller programming, produce PWM control signal, through L298 control motor speed, let the car to move forward, left turn, turn right and stop driving purpose.3.3 remote subroutines designRemote control module is designed by the infrared sensor 1838 an output terminal of the receiving MZUp32 tube feet, then use all-purpose remote control on the remote control, then letmicrocontroller decoding, produce PWM control signal, through L298 control motor speed, let the car move forward, left turn, turn right and stop driving purpose.4. Summar yAdopts singlechip, using photoelectric senor and infrared reflection senor was designed as a detection system, can realize automatic homing line to walk, automatic obstacle avoidance, alarm and remote control functions such as intelligent car. This design is the obvious advantage of simple circuit, reliability, low cost, and easy to function of further perfecting and expansion.From 基于单片机的智能小车通过研发实现了一种一光电传感器为敏感元件,以AT89C51单片机为控制核心的电机循迹小车的智能控,该系统还包括直流电机、L9110芯片和LM324比较器等。
基于STC89C52单片机的酒精检测系统设计

尽管本设计取得了良好的效果,但仍存在一些不足之处。例如,受限于传感器 的寿命和稳定性,需要定期进行传感器的标定和更换。此外,系统的智能化和 自适应性有待进一步提高。未来研究方向可以包括:研究更智能、自适应的酒 精检测方法,结合和大数据技术对酒精检测结果进行深度分析和应用等。
参考内容
引言
随着社会的发展,酒精测试仪在日常生活中变得越来越重要。酒精测试仪是一 种用于检测人体呼出气体中酒精浓度的设备,它可以帮助我们了解驾驶者是否 饮酒,以防止酒后驾驶带来的危害。本次演示将介绍如何利用STC89C52单片 机设计酒精测试仪。
2、电路设计酒精检测系统电路主要包括传感器模块、单片机模块、显示模块 和按键模块。传感器模块负责检测酒精浓度,并将信号传输给单片机;单片机 对信号进行处理,并将结果传输给显示模块和按键模块。
3、软件设计系统软件采用C语言编写。主要包括数据采集、处理、显示和报警 等功能。数据采集主要通过传感器模块完成,处理主要包括对采集数据进行滤 波、放大等操作,以便更准确地计算酒精浓度。显示模块用于将浓度值实时显 示出来,报警模块则在检测到超标浓度时发出警报。
总之,基于STC89C52单片机的自动升旗系统的设计和实现,不仅解决了传统 升旗方式存在的问题,还提高了升旗的智能化水平,具有很高的实用价值和使 用价值。在实际应用中,该系统能够大大提高升旗的效率和准确性,还可以为 学校、机关单位或大型企业节省人力成本,提高管理效率。
该系统的定时升旗功能还可以实现无人值守的自动升旗,具有很高的智能化和 自动化水平。因此,该自动升旗系统的设计和实现具有重要的现实意义和推广 价值。
软件设计
软件设计是整个系统的核心,它主要负责控制整个系统的运行、读取传感器的 数据以及处理数据。程序采用C语言编写,利用STC89C52单片机的内部定时器 和中断器来控制程序的运行。通过编写算法,程序能够根据传感器的电信号计 算出酒精浓度,并将其显示在液晶屏上。
基于STC单片机的灵敏酒精检测系统的设计

基于STC单片机的灵敏酒精检测系统的设计作者:朱志强来源:《数字技术与应用》2011年第11期摘要:提出了基于STC单片机的灵敏酒精检测系统设计的一种新方法。
该设计采STC12C5A16AD单片机作为主控制器,运用高灵敏度传感器MQ3进行气体检测,采用EEPROM存储预设报警阈值,可实时显示检测值和报警阈值并能实现超标报警。
关键词:STC 酒精传感器报警阈值中图分类号:TP2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1007-9416(2011)11-0061-02Design of the sensitivity alcohol detecting system based on STC12 SCMZhu zhiqiang(JingYin Polytechnic College, JiangYin 214400, China)Abstract:The design raises a new method of alcohol detecting system based on STC SCM。
This design uses STC12C5A16AD MCU as main controller to detect alcohol gas by high sensitivity sensor MQ3 and store alarm threshold in EEPROM,it can display detection and alarm threshold real time and offer function of overproof alarm。
Keywords:STC alcohol sensor alarm threshold酒后驾车和酒精泄漏是造成各类事故的重要原因。
有研究表明,酒后驾驶导致的交通事故的危险度是非酒后驾车的1.72倍,酒精检测的重要性现如今显得尤为重要。
目前国内交警所使用的酒精检测仪大多是进口品牌,价格昂贵,一定程度上制约了此技术的推广与应用。
单片机防酒后驾驶控制系统相关英文及翻译

英文原文Data ConvertersThe current upsurge in the use of digital processing techniques ,brought about by developments in very large scale integration, has forced the role of the interface elements between analog and digital systems to the forefront of attention. Data converters are these interface elements. Although they were once regarded by electronics engineers as expensive, rather specialized pieces of equipment , they are now commonplace . They are available as self-contained functional units, in both modular and low cost integrated circuit from . No one with an interest in modern electronic instrumentation techniques can afford tube without a sound knowledge and understanding of the operation, capabilities and limitations of these devices.USEFULNESS OF CONVERTERSIn many of the real world systems studied by scientists and engineers the system parameters are continuously changing quantities (analog variables)and when electronic measurement techniques are used data is derived in analog form as the electrical output signal of a transducer .It is perfectly possible to process ,manipulate and store analog data using a purely analog electronic system : negative feedback techniques can make analog systems perform very precisely. [1]However , the accuracy of a purely analog system is often not usable because of the difficulty of rending , recording and interpreting analog data with high accuracy . Also , when large amounts of analog data are involved the task of analysis and storage assumes mammoth proportions .Digital electronic systems can be made to process rapidly and accurately , to manipulate and to store large amounts of data . The advent of low cost digital microprocessor systems has drastically reduced the cost of implementing digital data processing . Microprocessors make it possible to extend the use of electronic digital techniques into areas where they were formerly not considered practicable because of economic considerations . However ,m digital circuits only operate on digital data –the scientist who wishes to avail himself of the power of digital techniques must first transform his analog data into digital form . A system called an analog to digital converter , ADC ,is used to perform this function and a system called a digital to analog converter ,DAC ,performs the opposite type of conversion , transforming digital data into analog from . ADCs and DACs provide the essential interface which is required between analog and digital systems . The ADC allows a digital system to take in information from an outside analog system-the digital system can then rapidly process and analyses this information . The DAC allows the results of such analyses to be communicated back to the analog system perhaps to modify or control its action .ADC and DAC systems are not new but until comparatively recently they were expensive to implement and have consequently been regarded as rather specialized pieces of equipment . The advent of low cost monolithic IC converter devices has changed this position: they make awide range of versatile signal processing techniques economically available to the measurement scientist who is prepared to invest some of his time in familiarizing himself with the latest devices and their capabilities . The material which follows is intended to serve as a first step in such a familiarisation exercise.Rather than attempt a survey of available converter devices , which , in a fastchanging area such as this ,would be doomed to obsolescence even before it was completed , we concentrateon the principles underlying the most popular conversion techniques . Specific IC devices are mentioned , but only as a means of relating the discussion to practical circuits which you can experimentally evaluate for yourself-there is no substitute for ‘hands on ’ practical experience in this type of learning exercise . However , it should not be assumed that the devices referred to are he only ones , nor indeed the ‘best’ones available (from a cost /performance standpoint). The choice of the ‘best’ converter for a specific application can only be made from athorough study of the manufacturers’ latest product guides .ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION TECHNIQUSComparison Of A/D Conversion TechniquesA brief summary is now given in which the main characteristics of devices which use the various conversion techniques that have been discussed will be compared . There are normally there dominant factors which govern the choice of the A/D converter to be used in an application : speed , accuracy and cost . It is convenient to compare the different techniques in relation to these three factors .Speed limitations are inherent in the particular techniques but arrange of speeds can be expected for different converter devices using the same conversion technique . A speed/accuracy design compromise is inherent in all the conversion techniques . Increase accuracy is obtained at the expense of a reduction in conversion speed . In general , cost is directly related to speed and accuracy , but the cost of a converter device(indeed of any device) , is greatly influenced by market factors which might be quit unrelated to the performance of the device . The bigger the market is , the more firms there will be attempting to get a slice of it , and competition brings down the cost .As far as inherent speed imitations are concerned the techniques discussed in this chapter in order of decreasing speed (increase in conversion time )are : parallel conversion , successive approximation conversion , tracking conversion and integrating conversion .If sheer conversion speed is a dominating factor in an application , the designer will have to choose a converter which uses the parallel conversion technique . At the time of writing there are not many ultra-fast converters on the market and they tend to be expensive , particularly the higher resolution devices . Some firms which make very fast converters are TRW LSI Products , Datel-Intersil, Computer Labs and Motorola . Available parallel converters achieve an 8-bit conversion time of the order of 30ns . Applications in which conversion time must be very short are increasing for example, radar , digital TV and fast transient event recorders . [11,12] No doubt this growing range of applications will interest more manufacturers in very high speed converters and will result in a greater number of less costly devices appearing on the market.In converters which use the successive approximation technique conversion time is reated to the number of bits(to the resolution ) . The fastest successive approximation converters currently available are 8-bit devices which have a conversion time of the order of 0.8us. General purpose 8-bit devices may be expected to have conversion time of the order of 30us . High resolution 16-bit successive approximation converter modules have conversion times of the order of 400us .Successive approximation is probably the most widely used technique in the A/D converters which are currently available ; there are a large number of manufacturers making many different successive approximation devices . The successive approximation technique has more possible sources of error than the slower integrating techniques . The highest performance successive approximation converters are usually the discrete component modular type . Costs rise steeply ifthe application calls for state-of-the-art speed and accuracy . Successive approximation converters must be preceded by a sample/hold module when they are used to digitize rapidly changing analog signals(see section 5.3 ).Tracking converters , unlike successive approximation types , do not require an input sample/hold . Although they use simpler digital logic circuitry than successive approximation tyes they are subject to similar errors , but do not have the speed of a successive approximation converter preceded by a sample/hold(see section 5.8.5). There are comparatively few tracking or counting-type converters on the market compared with successive approximation and integrating types.Integrating converters are the slowest type but they are capable of very high accuracy . Conversion times of currently available integrating types range from 0.3 ms for a fast 8-bit converter to 250 ms for a slow 16-bit one .The integrating technique has the advantage of averaging-out noise components of the analog input signal whose frequencies are higher than the inverse of the integration period . Integrating converters do not require sample/holds. If the application is one in which the analog signals are slowly varying an integrating converter will provide the greatest accuracy for the least cost . Integrating converters are available from a large number of manufacturers .SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATION A/D CONVERTERThe successive approximation A/D conversion technique provides a more rapid conversion than the other two feedback techniques . The digital logic circuitry used in this technique instead of incrementing the D/A converter output one LSB at time , performs a series of ‘trial ’conversions, In the first trial the control logic applies the MSB to the D/A converter and the analog output of the D/A converter (1/2 full scale) is compared with the analog input signal by the comparator . If the DAC’s output is less than the analog input the MSB is retained ; if the DAC’s output is greater than the analog input the MSB is switched OFF. The control logic then goes on to apply the nest MSB which is retained or discarded depending on the result of the comparison between the DAC’s output and analog input . The process of trying the addition of successively smaller bits and retaining or discarding them depending on the result of the trial , goes on until the LSB is reached ; the conversion is then complete .A simplified representation of the timing sequence which occurs in a typical 4-bit successive approximation A/D conversion is shown in figure .DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER APPLICATIONSUntil quite recently there has tended to be a clear distinction between analog and digital electronic systems . Functional operations such as amplification , wave-form generation , filtering , modulation and demodulation , etc ., have traditionally been regarded as purely analog operations ; In many cases the implementation of such functions has been founded on operational amplifier based circuitry .[1] Logical operations involved in process control and mathematical operations per-formed on abstract digital numbers have been the main area of application for digital electronic systems . Digital systems are founded on circuitry using gates , flip flops , counters , shift registers ,etc .One of the main reasons for the divisions of electronic systems between analog and digital has been the high cost of data converters . data converters are the essential interface components which allow analog and digital devices to word together . The inexpensive monolithic data converters which are now available make it economically viable to combine analog and digital devices . Such a converters permit a precise digital control to be added to analog functional applications ; they also allow many of the traditionally analog functional operations to be performed with circuitry based on digital devices . This chapter gives examples of some of the many analog/digital applications that are possible with the use of data converters .中文翻译数据转换器超大规模集成电路的发展,掀起了使用数字处理技术的高潮,促进人们必须重视模拟和数字系统间接口部件的作用。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
2012年第二届国际会议关于未来的计算机教育
信息技术课堂讲稿,沃尔斯23-24
基于单片机的智能车载酒精检测及控制系统设计
信息工程学院,航空大学,,,中国
摘要:本文介绍了一种基于单片机低功耗酒精检测控制器,该控制器采用酒精传感器、压力传感器、语音报警、电子锁等与汽车组成车载酒精检测及安全控制系统。
该系统可以分为两部分:一个为可手持的检测部分,另一个为控制部分,安装在车,从而实现智能车载酒精检测及安全控制。
由于该系统具有高灵敏度和低功耗的功能,因此具有较高的实用价值。
关键词:酒精探测器;压力传感器;语音报警;车载
1 引言
近年来,酒后驾车造成的交通事故时常发生,给驾驶员自身和他人造成了巨大的损失,因此,对酒后驾车的检测和管理成为必不可少的环节。
但利用普通的监测和管理成为必不可少的环节。
但利用普通的监测方式,主要是驾驶员的自觉和交警的抽查,一方面,花了很大的精力但是效率极低;另一方面,酒后驾车引起的交通事故仍居高不下。
尽管国家在去年5月实施了行的酒后驾车的处罚条例,但是酒驾事故仍时有发生。
为此,笔者研究了具有智能化酒精检测及语音报警的电路系统,有效地实现了简单电路。
简单地说,就是当驾驶员呼出气体中的酒精浓度达到设定的酒精浓度,就会语音提示,并强制切断汽车电源总线,令其无法启动汽车。
此设计在综合社会现象和前人设计的基础上,经过与同学、指导老师的仔细商讨,在原有设计的基础上注入我们的设计思想,融合我们的设计方法,基本上能实现令我们满意的硬件电路。
这样最大限度地限制和减少酒后驾车的现象,尽可能降低交警的工作量,同时提高交警的工作效率。
2 系统结构及总体方案设计
该控制系统主要以单片机为核心,配以检测电路、控制电路、显示电路、语音电路组成,并采用强制驾驶员呼气的方法,以判断驾驶员是否饮酒。
具体工作流程为:首先压力传感器进行压力检测,若驾驶员就坐,压力传感器检测到信号,启动系统并激活语音模块,通过语音提示进行酒精检测,此时驾驶员可进行酒精检测。
为防止驾驶员逃避检测,设置一个话筒,当呼气确认后,酒精传感器开始作为呼气判断装置。
对探测的气
体进行检测,并把检测到的信号进行放大和滤波,滤波之后的信号送入A/D 转换器进行数字转换,由单片机对此数字信号进行处理判断,并把处理的酒精数据送至LCD1602进行酒精浓度显示,同时把处理判断后的信号通过发射模块发送至接收控制继电器不起作用,语音模块。
若酒精含量正常,提示汽车可以启动;反之,超标指示灯亮起,控制继电器起作用,汽车制动,语音提示汽车不可以启动,使汽车无法行驶。
若驾驶员无视进行酒精检测的提醒,强制进行点火启动,则汽车立即处于制动状态,汽车无法启动。
从而实现控制酒后驾车的功能。
总体方案设计如图一所示。
图一 总原理图 3 硬件设计
根据系统结构及总体方案的设计,可以把硬件电路的设计分为手持模块和车载安全控制模块,具体设计如下。
3.1 手持模块电路设计
3.1.1 酒精检测模块
本模块采用TGS2620气敏酒精传感器并配以滤波电路,放大电路以及A/D数字转换电路。
该传感器由集成的加热器以及在氧化铝基板上形成的金属氧化物半导体构成。
当可检知的气体存在时,空气中该气体的浓度越高,传感器的电导率就越高,使用简单的电路就可以将这种电导率的变化变换为与气体浓度对应的输出信号,同时具有寿命长、功耗低、灵敏度高及后期电路简单等优点。
一旦检测到酒精,其输出与浓度对应的电压信号,此信号经过滤波、放大后送至12位A/D转换芯片TLC22543CN进行数字化转换,并把数字量送到单片机进行计算并阀值判断,检测驾驶员呼出气体中酒精含量是否超标。
3.1.2 呼气判断模块
此模块采用送话器咪头9767,用来判断驾驶员是否呼气。
当驾驶员呼气时,送话器咪头产生一个脉冲信号送至单片机,单片机判断几十元呼气,再检测酒精探头送来的信号;若驾驶员不呼气,则送话器咪头不产生脉冲信号,此时不检测酒精探头送来的信号。
3.1.3 单片机模块
选用51系列的89C51单片机作为处理器,用来接收呼气判断信号并接收气体中的酒精含量数据,同时送至LCD进行显示,并生成相应的信息码发送给发射设备。
89C51是一种带4K字节闪烁可编程可擦除只读存储器的低电压、高性能CMOS8位微处理器。
3.1.4 发射模块
采用PT2262芯片,该芯片为编码芯片,其第17脚输出经调制的串行数据信号,当17脚为高电平期间315MHz的高频发射电路起振并发射等幅高频信号,当17脚为低电平期间315MHz的高频发射电路停止振荡,所以高频发射电路完全受控于PT2262的17脚输出的数字信号,从而对高频电路完成幅度键控(ZSK调制)相当于调制度为100%的调幅。
当检测到酒精含量超标时,发射超标码;反之,发射不超标码。
3.1.5 液晶显示模块
本模块采用LCD1602进行酒精含量的显示,1602字符型液晶是一种专门用来显示字母、数字、符号等的点阵型液晶模块,它由若干个5X7或者5X11等点阵字符位组成,每个点阵字符位都可以显示一个字符,每行16个字符型液晶。
3.2 车载安全控制模块
3.2.1 接收设备模块
采用PT2272芯片,该芯片是一款用以解码的芯片。
编码芯片PT2262发出的编码信号由地址码、数据码、同步码组成一个完整的码字,解码芯片PT2272接收到信号后,其地址码经过两次比较核对后,VT脚才输出高电平。
与此同时,相应的数据脚也输出高电平,该模块用来接收发射模块的信号。
3.2.2 单片机
采用89C51,与发射的单片机一样,收到接收设备送来的码,根据不同码进行不同的操作。
其控制工作指示灯、继电器和语音模块。
3.2.3 继电器控制模块
继电器受51单片机的控制,相当于开关,控制制动装置开闭、车灯的亮灭和喇叭的响与不响。
3.2.4 语音模块
采用ISD4004芯片,该芯片采用CMOS技术,含振荡器、防混淆滤波器、平滑滤波器、音频放大器、自动静躁及高密度多电平闪烁存贮列。
芯片设计是基于所有操作命令可通过串行通信接口送入。
芯片采用多电平直接模拟量存储技术,每个采样值直接存贮在片闪烁存贮器中,因此能够非常真实、自然地再现语音、音乐、音调和效果声,避免了一般固体录音电路音量化和压缩造成的量化噪声和“金属声”。
采样频率可选4.0、5.3、6.4、8.0kHz,频率越低,录放时间越长,而音质则有所下降,片信息存于闪烁存贮器中,可在断电情况下保存100(典型值),反复录音10万次。
采用ISD4004语音芯片作为语音模块核心部分,当压力传感模块感应有人时,发出酒精检测提示音;当酒精含量超标时,发出禁止行车警告音;当酒精含量未超标时,发出允许行车提示音。
4 软件设计
软件部分根据总体方案设计,可划分为手持模块和车载安全控制模块两个部分,各模块均采用模块化编程。
手持模块部分主程序流程图如图二所示,实现吹气判断、酒精检测并判断是否超标、LCD酒精浓度显示、生成信息码及把信息码发送给车载安全控制模块部分的功能。
N
N Y
图二手持模块部分主程序流程图
Y
N
图三 车载安全控制模块部分流程图
图三为车载安全控制模块部分的主程序流程图,其功能为实现接收信息。
当接收的信息码与超标码相同时,执行超标操作,即语音模块发出“请勿驾车”的警告且控制继电器打开制动装置;反之,与不超标码进行比较判断,若相同,则执行不超标操作,即语音模块发出“可以驾驶”的温馨提醒且控制继电器不起作用,若相同,则返回重新接收信息。
5 结束语
本文介绍了车载酒精检测的新思路,讨论了新型酒精检测及其控制系统的设计与实现。
鉴于设计者的能力和水平及电子产品的开发不断进行,针对此系统的优化和扩展还有比较复杂的问题需要进一步的探讨和研究。
参考文献
[1] 华成英.信号运算符和过滤器.模拟电子技术基本教程,2006:257-268.
[2] 曾兴雯,乃安,健.频率调制和解调.高频电路原理与分析,2006:232-267.
[3] 邱关源,罗先觉.对含理想运放的扩音器的分析.电路,2009:120-123.
[4] 先庭,向瑛,王忠,周传璘.单片机原理、接口与C51应用程序设计,2011:189-206.
[5] 白中英.数字系统的基本模型.数字逻辑与数字系统,2008:157-162.
[6] 阎石.模拟数字转换.数字电子技术基础,2007:506-545.
[7] 高西全,丁玉梅.模拟信号的数字化处理.数字信号处理,
2011:21-29.
外文原文出处:
/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?QueryID=29&CurRec=10&recid=&filename=XXGC8&dbname=IP FD2013&dbcode=IPFD&pr=&urlid=&yx=。