杨岂深《英国文学选读Book 3》笔记(I A 理查兹)【圣才出品】

第2单元I•A•理查兹
Ivor Armstrong Richards (1893-1979) （A. 理查兹）
1. Life（生平）
I. A. Richards was a literary critic, poet and linguist. He studied in Clifton College, Bristol and the university of Cambridge. From the 1930s, he focused on the application of modern semantics in literary criticism, Coleridge on Imagination and The Philosophy of Rhetoric as representative works. Since the mid-1930s, he has begun to study the relationship between language and thought, language and learning. He and C .K. Ogden worked together to implement “basic English”.
I.A.理查兹是文学评论家，诗人，语言学家，受教育于布里斯托尔的克利夫顿学院以及剑桥大学。

从30年代起，他着重研究现代语义学在文学批评中的应用，代表作有《柯尔律治论想象》和《修辞哲学》。

从30年代中期起，他开始着重研究语言与思想、语言与学习的关系，并与奥格登合作，努力推行“基础英语”。

2. Major Works（主要作品）
Principles of Literary Criticism 《文学批评原理》
Coleridge on Imagination 《柯尔律治论想象》
The Philosophy of Rhetoric 《修辞哲学》
Basic English and Its Uses 《基础英语及其应用》
3. Selected Work（选读作品）
◆The Four Kinds of Meaning《四种意义》
The author thinks that we can analyze human discourse from four aspects, namely meaning, feeling, tone and intention. Meaning means the meaning of the word itself; feeling refers to personal feelings of the speaker; tone means the speaker changes his attitude according to his audience; intention refers to the purpose of the speaker. The author makes an analysis of the effect of the four aspects have on discourse under different conditions. We can use these four aspects to analyze literature and come to many unknown conclusions.
作者认为通常可以从四个方面分析人类的话语，即意义，感觉，声调和意图。

意义是指话语本身的含义；感觉是指说话人带有的个人感情；声调是指说话人根据听众的不同而变化自己的态度；意图是指说话人带有的目的。

作者分析了不同情况下四个方面对话语产生的作用，用这四个方面分析文学作品，可以得出很多不为人知的结论。