初中英语现在完成时讲解全

疑问句末
还
已经
Have you had lunch_____?
• I have ____ had lunch • I haven’t had lunch ____.
• I have just had my lunch.
总结：现在完成时
• 含义 1 :__________________
• 结构：肯 __________________
结构： have/has+过去分词
（对have /has)进行变换
（haven’t hasn’t)
have/has not+过去分词
Have/Has+主语+过去分词 (Yes,……have/has.No,……haven’t/hasn’t)
特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词
Have you finished your homework?
Exercise
1. He died 10 years ago. --- He ____ ____ ____ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. --- He ____ ____ the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. ---He ____ ____ the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. --- He ____ ____ here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. --- The light ____ ____ ____ for 2 hours. 6. He left here 2 years ago. --- He ____ ____ ____ from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. --- The film ____ ____ ____ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. --- The door ____ ____ ____ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. --- The door ____ ____ ____ for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. --- He ____ ____ a ____ for a year. --- He ____ ____ ____ the army for a year. --- It ____ a year ____ he joined the army.
D. buys
5. The old man ___for two days. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D.dies
6.My sister has____ for 8 years. B. left the city C. arrived in the city
• 2 标准词：so far/up to now (到目前为止） ;lately/recently(最近） • Up to now/So far ,I haven’t been successful. • Lately/Recently,I haven’t seen my teacher.
总结
I lived in Wuwei ten years ago. I have lived in Wuwei for ten years. I have lived in Wuwei since ten years ago.
现在完成时
• 现在完成时的含义
• 1.表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响。
• I saw a movie. • I have seen the movie. • Have you ever been there?(八下Unit9) • I have never been camping. • 1.表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响
for … since….
1.我买这本书三年了。Buy I have bought the book. (1) I have had the book for 3 years. (2) I have had the book since 3 years ago.
2.他借这本书两个月了borrow He has borrow the book.
注 意 ： 完 成 时 不 能 单 独 和 时 间 状 语 (two hours,three days,last week,four hours ago) 连 用 ， 必 须 加 上 for ,since.
填空使用for和since
• I have been here_____half past three. • The car has been here ____yeaterday. • I have been in Only_____four years. • The boy has been in our class_____six week. • She has lived here ______1996.
（buy买了…） had （borrow借了…） keep （start/ begin开始 了…） be on （leave离开了…） be away (from) （come来到某地….） be here /介词+地点 （go去某地….） be there/介词+地点 （die 死了…） be dead (finish结束....) be over
D. gone to
3. My aunt ____the TV for 4 months. A. has bought B. was bought C. was had D. has had 4. Mr Brown ____the car for 3 months. A. bought B. had bought C. has had
I studied English ten years ago. I have studied English for ten years
I have studied English since ten years ago.
判断正误百度文库
I bought the book five days ago.
I have bought the book. I have bought the book for five days. I have had the book for five days. I have had the book since five days ago.
A. become a driver D. lived here
7.How long have you___? A. joined the team B. become a team leader C. been in the team D. left the team 8. You are late. The film ____for 10 minutes. A. has begun B. has been on C. has finished D. has started 9. How long has she _____the newspaper? A. borrow B. lend C. kept D. buy
否___________________ 一般疑问 ___________________ 特殊疑问____________________ • 标志词|:____________________
• 2.一个动作从过去开始持续到现在，并有可能继续持续 下去。
• 过去时：动作过去已经结束。
• He has taught in our school for five years. • I have worked since last week.
• 第二层含义的标志词： • 和for 和since 连用
for+时间段（持续） since（自从）+时间点 • I have studied English for ten years.= I have studied English since ten years ago.
延 续 性 动 词 和 瞬 间 性 动 词 之 间 的 转 化
1. Tom ___for several hours. A. went to bed B. has been in bed C. has gone to bed D. has been to bed 2.How long have you____this city? A. been to B. been in C. come to
Tips:buy 这个动作 从“开始发生”到 “结束/终止”, 几 乎同时或在极短的时间里（如‘几秒钟/几分钟内’）就完 成了“开始—结束”的过程，这样的动词我们叫做短暂性 动词。 所以， “我买了这块手表5年了”，在汉语中说的 通，但英语中就必须用相应的延续性动词来替换。
现在完成时中常见的非延续性动词 非延续性动词： buy borrow die leave begin/start come / go finish 这些动词不能和 for …. Since……连用 与for和since连用时，要把它们变成相应的延续性动词 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I have finished my homework.
What have you finished? I haven’t finished my homework
• 标志词：already yet
just :I have already had lunch.
• already 用于肯定句中, 已经 • Yet • Just:刚刚 用于否定句
(1）He has kept the book for 2 months . (2) He has kept the book since 2 months ago.
3.李梅离开济南一年了 .leave LiMei has left Jinan
(1) Li Mei has been away from Jinan for one year. (2) Li Mei has been away from Jinan since 1 year ago.